Media Communication Technologies

Uitgave van Koninklijke Van Gorcum BV (Assen) namens het Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen 'Clingendael' (Postbus 93080, 2509 AB Den Haag), dat samenwerkt met het Koninklijk Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen, EGMONT, te Brussel. Verschijnt maandelijks en wordt uitgegeven op de grondslag van een redactiestatuut.

The article attempts to determine how the Internet has influenced the work practices of journalists in Romania, using data from a qualitative research, "The professional practices and constraints of the Romanian gatekeepers," conducted between December 2010 and January 2011, involving a sample of 73 journalists from 67 local and national media outlets. The results of this research show that the Internet has become both a guide to public expectations and public criticism of the media. In addition, it also serves as a barometer of news consumption, which guides journalists to create the media agenda. The perverse effects of the introduction of Internet in journalistic practices are considered the creation of the Google reporters and copy-paste and office journalists.

The article attempts to determine how the Internet has influenced the work practices of journalists in Romania, using data from a qualitative research, “The professional practices and constraints of the Romanian gatekeepers,” conducted between December 2010 and January 2011, involving a sample of 73 journalists from 67 local and national media outlets. The results of this research show that the Internet has become both a guide to public expectations and public criticism of the media. In addition, it also serves as a barometer of news consumption, which guides journalists to create the media agenda. The perverse effects of the introduction of Internet in journalistic practices are considered the creation of the Google reporters and copy-paste and office journalists.

Dans le ratissage pragmatique du corpus d'articles concerné 2 , nous avons procédé, comme son nom l'indique, à l'étude du positionnement des interlocuteurs de la presse boursière et cela en vue de déterminer la modalité relationnelle instaurée par le discours de cette presse entre le journaliste et le lecteur. Reprenant les deux grandes catégories établies au moment de la composition du corpus entre « la presse boursière spécialisée » et « la presse boursière non spécialisée » 3 , nous avons circonscrit notre analyse textuelle à quatre aspects énonciatifs signifi ants : les pronoms personnels, les intervenants, les marques journalistiques et les actes du discours. En fi nale, cet angle d'approche nous a permis d'établir certaines corrélations entre le positionnement des interlocuteurs et les opportunités d'apprentissages informels offertes au lectorat. Comme le souligne très justement Dominique Maingueneau : « À chacun des statuts [assignés aux interlocuteurs] sont attachés des droits et devoirs, mais aussi des savoirs 4 . » 1 Aude SERON, assistante de recherche au Département de communication de l'UCL ; Piotr Jan KARP, étudiant du DEA au Département de communication de l'UCL. 2 Nous renvoyons nos lecteurs à la présentation détaillée du corpus d'articles boursiers qui fi gure en introduction des contributions étudiantes. 3 Cette double dimension présentée dans la partie descriptive du corpus rejoint également les classifi cations habituelles, et notamment celles proposées par S. GUERIN, La presse économique et fi nancière, Paris, Editions du Centre de formation et de perfectionnement des journalistes, 1991. 4 D. MAINGUENEAU, Analyser les textes de communication, Paris, Editions Dunod,

Social media which is seen as a channel made available for people to communicate and share ideas, information and content in online communities and networks is a collection of software and web tools that allow users to create and share content participate in conversations and develop individualized network of friends, colleagues, or organizations. This study therefore is an evaluation of the level of awareness and extent of utilization of social media platforms in service delivery by Librarians of Federal university libraries using Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ikwo, Nigeria as a case in point. The design for this study is a descriptive survey research design with a sampled population of 12 librarians selected through census sampling techniques which entails that all librarians working in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Library, Ikwo, Nigeria formed part of the study. Working with the objectives of the study, a four-point scale modified Likert type structured questionnaire was designed by the researcher which forms the principle instrument used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and mean while results were displayed in tables and a chart. The outcome of the study shows that librarians of Alex Ekwueme Federal University are highly aware of the existence of most social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, YouTube, Webinar, Telegram and TikTok and that regardless of the fact that the librarians are highly aware of most social media platforms in use in libraries today, these social media platforms or tools are not in use in their library for service delivery with the exemption of Facebook, Whatsapp and Messenger. It was also discovered that there are many factors inhibiting the utilization of the various social media platforms in service delivery in Alex Ekwueme Federal University library. These constraints as identified include inadequate funding, poor internet connectivity, epileptic power supply and lack of commitments on the part of university management to use the technology among others. Based on the findings the study suggested among other things that the federal government of Nigeria as the financier of federal universities and their libraries should make available adequate funds to get these

In de serie 'Studies voor het Stimuleringsfonds voor de Journalistiek' worden werkstukken gepubliceerd die in het kader van een onderzoeksproject met steun of in opdracht van het Stimuleringsfonds tot stand zijn gekomen. De verantwoordelijkheid voor de inhoud van de studie berust bij de auteur(s). ISBN 97890 79700 77 6 © 2015 Het Stimuleringsfonds voor de Journalistiek -Den Haag Niets van deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaargemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie of op welke wijze dan ook, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de auteursrechthebbende.

Resumen: El desarrollo del uso de las redes sociales Twitter y Facebook como complemento de Campus Virtual se presentó para el proyecto Portales de apoyo al campus virtual creados para el desarrollo de recursos y prácticas colectivas. Dicho proyecto se pone en marcha en la asignatura de Documentación Publicitaria, tomando como herramienta Moodle, con un programa piloto para conocer el uso y aplicaciones didácticas de dichas redes sociales. Se trata de usar estas herramientas para el desarrollo de prácticas conjuntas, complementar dudas, como apoyo informativo y bibliográ¿ co ,y especialmente para acercar a los estudiantes a los profesionales del sector. Twitter y Facebook facilitan la creación de Comunidades Abiertas de Conocimiento, fomentando el Life Long Learning (Formación Continua) que trasciende a lo académico y la educación no formal.

La Revista de Derecho Civil ha cumplido cinco años. Un cumpleaños es una fecha para celebrar con sencillez, pero también sin complejos. Es una atalaya desde la que podemos divisar el horizonte; un alto en el camino para reflexionar críticamente sobre lo hecho, una renovación de la ilusión que impulsó su fundación para mantener su espíritu y proyectarlo hacia su futuro. A esta tarea estamos llamados todos, Autores, Lectores, Dirección, Consejo de Redacción, Consejo Científico, Correctores, Coordinadores, partícipes de la página notarios y registradores.com y cuantas personas, Corporaciones y sujetos de la Comunidad Científica y Profesional que se sientan vinculados con los fines fundacionales de la Revista.

Abstract: Virillio was one of the first scholars who raised the issue of accessing the urban or “entering the city,” and this showed us that the city and/or urbanity is not limited to a geographical site, but a temporal regime sustained through telecommunication devices. Another important, yet possibly inevitable, point that he makes is how this relates to a radical break in other aspects of everyday life—how this radical break challenges representation systems and leads to a “crisis of modernity.” Virillio points to a transformation of Agora in which commerce, politics, and other social activities took place. However, today, the social functions of such space is carried by the space of the screen. Virilio also points to the transformation of social surveillance; in an urbanity without geography, public surveillance takes a different form—it now depends on the organization of movements, rather than territorial control. In this sense Architecture does not relate to topography and geographical sites anymore, but instead becomes a practice of organizing movements in time. Virilio discusses a fundamentally different condition dominating our life-world today, in which "depth of time" replaces "depth of field". Now, "events happen in time," rather than "things taking place in space". In order to be able to create such sense of "ever-presence", televisual communication devices have to offer a high level of representational power, or a “higher resolution” as McLuhan would call it. These new representational technologies bring a whole different set of perceptual challenges, through which Virillio discusses a new ontology—the experience of reality, cognition and memory. Using Virilio’s rich and dense scholarly work on urban design and cities, this paper will explore contemporary media technologies and our relation to representations in modern cities, as well as the experience we can possibly have with reality itself.
Key words: media technologies, perception, culture, urban studies

Strategic en golven 11 Industry cycles en cyclical industries 65 Karakteristieken van cyclical industries 83 Strategieen in cyclical industries 95 De offshore industrie 113 Offshore industry cycles 129 Karakteristieken van cyclical offshore industries 139 Strategieen in de cyclical offshore industries 149 10 Offshore drilling industry 169 11 Strategic bouwen op golven 245 Summary 259 Literatuurlijst 273 INHOUDSOPGAVE 0-1 Inleiding pagina Probleemstelling 8 Vooruitblik 9 2 Strategie en golven Overzicht van de strategisch management literatuur Strategy process, strategy content, strategy context Strategieen en cyclical industries in de strategie literatuur Bouwstenen voor bouwen op golven External strategy context 44 De macro-omgeving De industry-omgeving Internal strategy context 51 Strategy content Onzekerheid en strategie 54 Risico's en strategie De factor tijd in strategie 58 Samenvatting en vooruitblik 3 Industry cycles en cyclical industries Business cycles De industry cycle Cyclical industries Golfslagen Samenvatting en vooruitblik 4 Karakteristieken van cyclical industries X3 Wedijver statische en dynamische efficiency 84 Verhulling van de industry life cycle 84 Timing is cruciaal 85 Afwijkende interpretatie van historische gegevens 87 Gespecialiseerde financiers 89 Belangentegenstelling leverancier-afnemer 90 Cyclical industries en winstpotentie 91 Samenvatting en vooruitblik 92 5 Strategieen in cyclical industries 95 Concernstrategieen in cyclical industries 95 Contra-cyclische strategieen 99 Casus: KLM Businessstrategieen in cyclical industries Situatie verbeterende strategieen 105 Positie versterkende strategieen Flexibiliteit verhogende strategieen Pro-cyclische strategieen Casus: Hagen Samenvatting en vooruitblik De offshore industrie Korte historie van offshore activiteiten Vier offshore deelsectoren Lokaal en intemationaal opererende bedrijven Contracteringlsubcontractering structuur Offshore en de overheid Samenvatting en vooruitblik 7 Offshore industry cycles Offshore investeringsgolven Offshore industry cycles Cyclical offshore industries Samenvatting en vooruitblik 8 Karakteristieken van de cyclical offshore industries Wedijver statische en dynamische efficiency Verhulling van de industry life cycle Timing is cruciaal Afwijkende interpretatie van historische gegevens Gespecialiseerde financiers Belangentegenstelling leverancier -afnemer Offshore industries en winstpotentie Samenvatting en vooruitblik 9 Strategieen in cyclical offshore industries Concernstrategieen in cyclical offshore industries Contra-cydische strategieen Businessstrategieen in cyclical offshore industries Situatie verbeterende strategieen Positie versterkende strategieen Pro-cyclische strategieen Casus: Heerema (1) Casus: Heerema (2) Casus: Heerema (3) Samenvatting en vooruitblik pagina 10 Offshore drilling industry Inleiding Onderzoekmethoden Korte historie Typen drilling rigs Ontwikkeling regio's in de wereld De industry cycle van de offshore drilling industry De offshore drilling industry cycle De cyclical offshore drilling industry Karakteristieken van de cyclical offshore drilling industry Wedijver statische en dynamische efficiency Verhulling van de industry life cycle 193 Winstpotentie van de cyclical offshore drilling industry Day rates en utilization rates 197 Procentuele afwijking van de rendabele utilization rates Semisubmersible drilling industry segment Jackup drilling industry segment Cyclische strategieen Cyclisch bewustzijn De rol van het concern Contra-cyclische strategie Pro-cyclische strategie Flexibiliteit verhogende strategieen Timing 222 Timing aanschaf Offshore Rig A: de bad timing case 222

En esta sección del monográfico "Lo nuevo y lo viejo: procesos electorales, campañas y voto" se han realizado entrevistas preguntando por cuestiones relacionadas con el papel de las ciencias sociales ante los procesos electorales y la opinión pública sobre los sucesos políticos. En los últimos tiempos, la eficacia de los métodos y técnicas de las ciencias sociales se ha puesto en entredicho, sobre todo en lo referido al desajuste entre pronósticos y resultados electorales. Este ha sido el motivo que nos ha llevado a lanzar preguntas que intentaran esclarecer cuáles son los límites de técnicas como la encuesta, y cómo pueden lograrse mejores análisis de la opinión pública sobre las cuestiones políticas, especialmente en tiempos de cambio. Un primer eje se centra, precisamente, en cómo se estiman pronósticos electorales a partir de las respuestas a un cuestionario de encuesta, preguntando

This study is a phenomenological, qualitative study that explores EFL teachers' perceptions about the use of interactive videos and integrating it into English classes at the Hebron Governorate schools of Palestine. The current study will outline the benefits, challenges, and impact of IVs on teaching methods and the academic performance of learners. Semi-structured interviews involved ten EFL teachers who teach at public schools within the Hebron district. For the purpose of this research, participants were chosen according to a purposeful sampling strategy, considering previous experience in using IVs. Data collection entailed interviews via Zoom; afterwards, transcription and thematic analysis were carried out to identify patterns 15717 and themes. Teachers show a good perception about using the interactive videos, and the they admit that the interactive videos enhance students' engagement and develops language skills more motivationally. Regarding this, it improves their listening comprehension, vocabulary building, and overall language proficiency. However, the significant barriers to integration on the part of teachers involve technological limitations in terms of insufficient hardware and unreliable internet connectivity, lack of professional development regarding integration of technology, lack of time due to increased pressures of preparation, and rigid curricula not allowing for innovative.

This study explores the influence of social media on news consumption patterns among undergraduates at Kwara State University, Malete, and the University of Ilorin. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, the study addressed issues regarding the extent of social media usage for news consumption, motivations for using social media for news, and factors influencing news consumption through these platforms. Existing studies have focused mainly on social media usage and its impact on political participation, socialization, and academic performance. Consequently, a gap is observed in the existing literature concerning the magnitude of social media utilization and its impact on the news consumption patterns of undergraduates in Ilorin. This research is framed within the foundational principles of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. The results elucidate the noteworthy influence of social media on the news consumption behaviors of undergraduates in the designated universities. WhatsApp and Instagram emerged as the most frequently used platforms for news consumption. Motives for using social media for news ranged from seeking relevant information to social interaction and staying updated on news. Students displayed a considerable dedication of time, with over half of respondents spending five hours or more on social media for news consumption. Factors influencing news consumption on social media encompassed digital literacy, demographics, and news credibility. This study underscores the need for media literacy programmes within educational institutions to empower students to critically evaluate news content on social media. It also suggests the importance of raising awareness about responsible social media usage. Diversification of news sources and promotion of credible news outlets can contribute to a well-rounded news consumption experience for students.

MOURA, Iara Gomes; SOUSA, Lorena Alves Almeida Crispim; CAVALCANTE, Andrea Pinheiro Paiva; CASTRO, Henrique Sergio Beltrao de. Todos os Sentidos: no ar, para dar voz as pessoas com deficiencia. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIENCIAS DA COMUNICACAO, 32, 2009, Curitiba. Anais ... Sao Paulo: Intercom - Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicacao, 2009, 11p.

This paper considers news as a text corpus. The computational analysis of the news from this perspective requires data mining and analysis techniques that can handle large amounts of unstructured dataprocessing. KNIME, a free andopen-source software (FOSS) that is developed for data science applications, is very suitable for news analysis from this perspective. KNIME offers advanced text mining and analytics capabilities. Here, we develop an example workflow for online news content analysis, as well as a text-network analysis. Furthermore, we explicatein detail the workflow and the KNIME nodes used for these analyses. Our proposed workflow is reasonably versatileand flexible to be applied to other journalistic textual analyses such as similarity, sentiment, frame, discourse, and thematic analyses. This workflow also exemplifies how no/low codedata processing and computing could be effectivelyemployed in journalism and media studies.

The purpose of this research was to study the use and role of social media within Icelandic public libraries. Requests for interviews were sent electronically to 11 public libraries within the greater Reykjavík area. I received seven replies which resulted in nine qualitative interviews. The intention of this research was to add knowledge to the subject area as research had not yet been conducted on public library social media use in Iceland. While research within Iceland was not available at the time of writing, there has been extensive research done internationally. Participants in the current study perceived social media as a useful tool for library use and the majority were very positive about their library’s use of social media. The participants viewed social media as a way to improve the library image as well as a useful marketing tool. This included reaching out to target groups and advertising library events. While choosing forms of social media for the library, the participants preferred to use the same forms that they used for their personal social media use. When using social media, the participants expressed a considerable amount of uncertainty regarding creating content and using social media forms that they did not have personal experience with. The participants felt that social media use was supported by library management but not actually managed. The participants lacked training that could give them the confidence to explore other forms of social media while creating content for the forms that are currently in use. Other concerns included a lack of co-operation between libraries. The majority of participants expressed a need for guidelines and schedules to help facilitate their library’s social media use.

This paper qualitatively analyzes reflective data gathered from learners' electronic and paper writings about their cultural learning in and about New Zealand. The data comes from three intakes of learners in "Culture and New Zealand Society," a second-year tertiary-level course for migrant and international learners within a Bachelor of Arts in English as an Additional Language (BA [EAL]) at a tertiary institute in New Zealand. As part of an assessment of cultural learning, students write and reflect on their cultural observations and experiences. They submit reflective writings in two forms: a 150-word etext journal entry using the rhetorical e-spaces of Blackboard, and a 1,000-word paper journal account of cultural and linguistic learning during community participation. After the data in the e-writings had been open coded, a range of themes emerged. This paper presents results in two key areas: the development of identities through reflective positioning (Pavlenko & Blackledge, 2004), and the useful 'realness' of community placement to highlight and complement class 'content.' Themes emerged from analyzing the e-texts and matched themes in the journals. The analysis suggests that e-writings have the potential to make students "think beyond the square" ). E-text journal entries are at least as useful as paper texts in mapping learner's cultural and metacognitive awareness. This poses the question that e-moderated writings might reflect more candor and could hence reflect deeper mirrors of learning.

This study investigated the use of social media tools for effective learning of Business Education in tertiary institutions in Delta State. The area of social media tools examined were social media tools required for learning of business education, the extent of availability of social media tools for learning business education, also considered was the extent of utilization of social media tools in learning of business education among others. Consequently, the moderating influence of gender and type of institution were examined. Two research questions were raised and answered, and Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 1006 Business Education students in tertiary institutions in Delta State. The sample size was 201 using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used was a structured questionnaire and was validated by three experts. The Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC) was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument and reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained. Data collected from the respondents were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test Statistics. The findings of the study revealed that social media tools such as Twitter, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, Google, Skype, and Teacher Tube are required in learning of business education in tertiary institutions in Delta State and that social media tools utilization in learning of business education in tertiary institutions in Delta State is to a low extent. It was therefore, concluded that social media tools such as Twitter, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, Google, Skype and Teacher Tube are required for the learning of business education and that these social media tools are available to a high extent. However, the utilization is to a low extent. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Business Education students should ensure that they utilize other social media platforms apart from WhatsApp and Google in learning of business education

This section of the monographic issue "The New and the Old: Electoral Processes, Campaigns and Voting" brings together different interviews on topics related to the role of social science methodology in the electoral processes and public opinion on political events. In recent times, the effectiveness of social science methods and techniques has been questioned, especially in relation to the mismatch between forecasts and election results. This has been the reason why we asked about the limits of techniques such as electoral poll; how can we achieve better analysis of public opinion on political issues, especially in times of change; etc.

Este estudio surge de la constatación de que la prensa digital nativa —la que solo cuenta con versión web— está alcanzando en audiencia a los periódicos digitales no nativos —los tradicionales de papel que cuentan con su versión web paralela. este es el dato publicado por El Español en el mes de marzo de 2024, en el que muestra datos de comscore que indican que dicho periódico en línea es el diario con más millones de visitantes únicos en España. también destaca en dicho informe que entre los diez diarios más leídos en España están 20 Minutos, El Confidencial y el HuffPost, todos ellos diarios nativos digitales. es decir, empresas periodísticas de nuevo cuño, más pequeñas y con menos recursos económicos y humanos, están experimentando un crecimiento en usuarios únicos incluso por encima de los periódicos tradicionales, que puede explicarse en parte por factores neurocomunicacionales. el objetivo principal es analizar los procesos productivos de la prensa digital tanto nativa como no nativa para observar si hay semejanzas o diferencias que puedan, de algún modo, ser significativas a la hora de crear un producto final más o menos atractivo para la audiencia y que, de algún modo, sirvan de justificación del hecho de que un tipo de diarios tengan más aceptación que otros. Para obtener la muestra de participantes, se contactó de manera arbitraria con empresas periodísticas tanto nativas como no nativas. los medios de comunicación que respondieron afirmativamente fueron: eldiario.es, publico.es, elespanol.es, elindependiente.es, abc.es y cincodias.com. entre los resultados reseñables está el hecho de que la labor de los periodistas de medios nativos encuentra menos dificultades y es más fluida en todos los aspectos: horarios, relación con la jerarquía y control sobre el propio producto, entre otros.

1925 yılında mühendis John Logie Baird tarafından İngiltere’de icat
edilen ve ilk yayını 1936’da yapılan televizyonun Türkiye’ye gelişi uzun bir
zaman diliminin ardından gerçekleşmiştir. Ülkemizde televizyon denilince
akla ilk gelen kurum Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) olsa da
aslında bu yolculuğun pek fazla bilinmeyen bir öncesi bulunmaktadır.
Türkiye'de televizyon yayıncılığı, ilk kez 1952 yılında İstanbul Teknik
Üniversitesi’nde başlatılmış olup, o günden bu yana hızla gelişerek büyük
bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir. İlerleyen günlerde İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Televizyonu (İTÜ-TV) yayın akışı haftanın bir günü ve birkaç saat şeklinde
düzenlenmiştir. 1960’larda televizyon alıcılarının sayısı artmış ve gündelik
hayatta insanların birbirlerine televizyon izlemeye gittiği bir misafirlik
dönemi başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda Türkiye’de İTÜ-TV’den
TRT’ye uzanan başlıklarıyla televizyonun tarihçesi, toplumsal hayata kattığı
yenilik ve değişimler ve bu hikâyenin günümüz dijital çağındaki yeri TRT
özelinde irdelenecektir. Bu amaçla, TRT’nin yayın hayatına başlangıcı ve
gazetelerdeki yansıması arşiv taraması üzerinden incelenecek ve elde edilen
haberler üzerinden içerik analizi yapılacaktır. TRT’nin günümüze dek
geçirdiği değişim ve yenilikler üzerine yapılacak literatür taraması ile de dün
ve bugün arasındaki bağın genel bir resmi çizilecektir. Türkiye’nin 100 yıllık
birikimi içerisinde televizyon yayıncılığı alanında yerelden küresele
damgasını vuran TRT’nin attığı adımların izini sürmek ve toplumsal
yaşamdan başlayarak ülke tarihine etkilerini incelemenin iletişim literatürüne önemli bir katkı sunacağı öngörülmektedir.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo conocer y sistematizar los contenidos más significativos presentes en los imaginarios sociales de los jóvenes de Antofagasta respecto a la incidencia de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (NTIC) en la configuración del Chile del Bicentenario. Asumiendo una aproximación cualitativa de tipo descriptivo, el levantamiento y análisis de la información se llevó a cabo mediante técnicas de focus group y análisis de contenido. Los resultados más relevantes informaron sobre considerables dificultades al momento de transformar las oportunidades que las NTIC ofrecen en realidades efectivas para la población, siendo un elemento recurrente el rol de las competencias y capacidades en dicho proceso.

Ya en la segunda mitad del siglo xx se había puesto en marcha el discurso sobre el desarrollo como una interpretación dominante que indicaba las recetas ade- cuadas que habría que implementar para llevar el progreso a todos los pueblos. Derivado de las directrices del presidente Harry Truman, aquel discurso particularmente orientado hacia el futuro de los países ubicados al sur del globo buscó fun- damentalmente crear las condiciones necesarias para reproducir en todo el mundo los rasgos carac- terísticos de las sociedades avanzadas de la época: altos niveles de industrialización y urbanización, tecnificación de la agricultura, rápido crecimiento de la producción material y los niveles de vida, y adopción generalizada de la educación y los valores culturales modernos (Escobar 1996).

A tanulmány témája egy több színtéren-az akadémiai világban és az emberi jogi aktiviz-mus területén-zajló, tágabb vitához kapcsolódik, amely a "szabadság kontra méltóság" címkével azonosítható. A szerző elsősorban az emberi méltóság és a médiaszabadság-mely utóbbi általában a véleményszabadság egy speciális válfajaként konceptualizálódik-közötti konfliktusra összpontosítva vizsgálja a problémát; a tágabb nemzetközi kontex-tus felől halad-az európai fejleményeknél részletesebben időzve-, végül a magyaror-szági helyzet tanulmányozására helyezi a fókuszt. Ez utóbbi mozzanat mögött az indíté-kot egy jelentős hazai társadalmi probléma jelenti: nevezetesen a legnagyobb lélekszámú etnika kisebbségi csoport, a roma közösség társadalmi kirekesztése, amiben a feltételezé-sek szerint nem elhanyagolható szerepet játszik a romák szembeszökően negatív média-reprezentációja. A szerző álláspontja szerint ez a probléma-tekintettel a kirekesztés magas társadalmi költségeire-kétségkívül orvo...

La tecnologia blockchain gracias a sus caracteristicas innatas que son la transparencia, descentralizacion, trazabilidad, entre otras durante los ultimos anos esta siendo ampliamente usada en diversos sectores entre estos el sector agricola. Ademas, en el mundo se pueden encontrar diversas soluciones enfocadas en la educacion, finanzas, transporte y diversas industrias entre estas la industria agricola. Mediante el presente trabajo se busca proponer una aplicacion descentralizada empleando la tecnologia blockchain para lograr la transparencia en el sector agricola, ademas de buscar permitir la gestion descentralizada de la cadena de suministros de forma descentralizada. Asi, en este trabajo se presenta el proceso seguido para el desarrollo de una aplicacion descentralizada para la gestion de la cadena de suministros. Como resultados se presenta la aplicacion descentralizada la cual demuestra que es posible lograr transparentar la cadena de suministros del sector agricola, convirtien...

The study examined librarians' awareness and utilization of social networking tools (SNTS) for marketing library services in universities in Kwara State. The descriptive survey method guided the study. The study sought answers on: librarians' awareness of SNTs used for marketing library services; Types of SNTs used by librarians in marketing library services, and the challenges faced with the utilization of SNTs for marketing library services. The population of the study comprise of 203 librarians in six selected universities in Kwara State while total enumeration was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was ensured. Data collected from the study were analyzed using frequency, percentages and mean. The findings of the study revealed that librarians are very aware of YouTube, Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram than other SNTs used for marketing library resources. Also, the findings revealed Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Instagram as SNTs used by the majority of the librarians for marketing library services. The study further revealed bandwidth problem, low Awareness, low maintenance culture, lack of training of staff, time consuming, low commitment of library staff, and limited fund as the major challenges encountered by librarians with the utilization of SNTs for marketing library services. It was concluded that using SNTs for marketing increases the library's visibility to patrons, saves time and reduces cost of marketing library services. The study recommended that universities and library management should organise a focused training on the use of various types of SNTs for marketing library resources and in carrying out other tasks.

Se describen aquí las aplicaciones innovadoras de blockchain para la gobernanza y otros modelos económicos, de cara al emprendimiento social en la resolución de problemas de ámbito local, dentro de las iniciativas de la colaboración público-privada propias del Gobierno Abierto, así como los riesgos identificados y los efectos no contemplados del modelo propuesto.

Az EMFA szabályozási területei közül a magyar – és a hosszabb/rövidebb ideig azt utánzó lengyel, szlovén, cseh, szlovák – médiahelyzetet elsősorban a következők érintik:
- Szerkesztői szabadság, a szerkesztői döntések függetlensége (4. és 6. cikk)
- A közszolgálati médiaszolgáltatók független működésének biztosítékai (5. cikk)
- Nemzeti szabályozó hatóságok vagy szervek (7. cikk)
- A médiaszolgáltatók működését érintő nemzeti intézkedések európai kontrollja (20. cikk)
- A médiapiaci koncentrációk értékelése (21. cikk)
- Az állami hirdetések elosztása (24. cikk)

Аbstract A balance between activity and rest is essential for human health. Recreation is especially relevant for the disabled, who want to regain their physical, spiritual and emotional strength, and at the same time spend their free time meaningfully. Recreation improves not only physical capacity, motor skills, but also the self-esteem of the disabled, the ability to communicate and cooperate, promotes motivation to participate in various activities. People with disabilities still face a lack of information about recreational activities and their accessibility, which may be related to a lack of motivation to participate in physical activities and low levels of physical activity. The relevance of the research is also determined by the lack of research related to the management of recreation and leisure of the disabled in Lithuania. Those who want to solve the problems of the quality of leisure time in the social system today especially lack qualified knowledge and research. It is expected that the research of this work will at least partially reveal whether the recreation and leisure of the disabled in Lithuania is sufficiently well organized and accessible to persons with physical disabilities. The situation in Lithuania in terms of recreation for the disabled has not been sufficiently studied, therefore this work will help to assess the current situation and provide guidelines for the further development of recreation for the disabled. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of recreational activities for people with physical disabilities, the possibilities of their organization and implementation. Tasks: to define the accessibility and organization of health promotion in recreational activities for persons with physical disabilities; to reveal the possible influence of economic-financial, informational, physical and psychosocial environmental factors on the participation of the disabled in recreational activities for the purposes of health promotion; to discuss the leisure needs and possibilities of satisfaction of persons with mobility impairments. Methods: analysis, systematization and interpretation of scientific literature.

Аbstract A balance between activity and rest is essential for human health. Recreation is especially relevant for the disabled, who want to regain their physical, spiritual and emotional strength, and at the same time spend their free time meaningfully. Recreation improves not only physical capacity, motor skills, but also the self-esteem of the disabled, the ability to communicate and cooperate, promotes motivation to participate in various activities. People with disabilities still face a lack of information about recreational activities and their accessibility, which may be related to a lack of motivation to participate in physical activities and low levels of physical activity. The relevance of the research is also determined by the lack of research related to the management of recreation and leisure of the disabled in Lithuania. Those who want to solve the problems of the quality of leisure time in the social system today especially lack qualified knowledge and research. It is expected that the research of this work will at least partially reveal whether the recreation and leisure of the disabled in Lithuania is sufficiently well organized and accessible to persons with physical disabilities. The situation in Lithuania in terms of recreation for the disabled has not been sufficiently studied, therefore this work will help to assess the current situation and provide guidelines for the further development of recreation for the disabled. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of recreational activities for people with physical disabilities, the possibilities of their organization and implementation. Tasks: to define the accessibility and organization of health promotion in recreational activities for persons with physical disabilities; to reveal the possible influence of economic-financial, informational, physical and psychosocial environmental factors on the participation of the disabled in recreational activities for the purposes of health promotion; to discuss the leisure needs and possibilities of satisfaction of persons with mobility impairments. Methods: analysis, systematization and interpretation of scientific literature.

Az utóbbi időben az egyre változatosabb, összetettebb és súlyosabb bűncselekmények üldözése, illetve megelőzése, a terrorizmus elleni minél hatékonyabb fellépés érdekében számos olyan jogintézmény fejlődött ki, amely jelentős alapjog-korlátozással jár. 2 Nagyon fontos kérdés azonban, hogyan lehet a bűnüldözés minél hatékonyabb anélkül, hogy túlzottan beavatkozna és aránytalanul korlátozná az állampolgárok szabadságát. A maximális biztonság nem jelent maximális szabadságot, inkább az ellenkezője igaz, hogy a szabadság minimálissá válik. 3 Az alapjog-korlátozás általában, sőt többségében olyan személyeket is érint, akiknek adott esetben semmi közük sincs az elkövetett bűncselekményhez. Nemcsak az érintett személyi kör válik szélesebbé, hanem az a terület is, ahol ezen intézkedések alkalmazására sor kerülhet. Ez azt is jelenti, hogy nem csak a büntetőjog, illetve a büntetőeljárás lehet az alapjog-korlátozó intézkedések érvényesülési terepe. Az alapjog-korlátozó intézkedések a határon átnyúló bűnözés egyre intenzívebbé válásával már gyakran nem maradnak meg a nemzeti jog területén, a hatékony fellépés érdekében magasabb szintű együttműködésre és intézkedésekre van szükség. Ez azonban azt is magában foglalja, hogy az alapjogvédelem területén is túl kell lépni a nemzeti kereteken. 9 1 Ez a tanulmány a Finszter Géza professzor tiszteletére készült kötetben megjelenő tanulmány bővített és aktualizált változata. Hack Péter-Király Eszter-Korinek László-Patyi András (szerk.): Gályapadból laboratóriumot. Tanulmányok Finszter Géza professzor tiszteletére. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó, Budapest, 2015, 247-255. o. 2 Ilyen intézkedések például az alkotmányvédelmi szervezetek közötti együttműködés, a repülőgéputasok adatainak mentése és megőrzése, a büntető törvénykönyvek közelítése, az útlevéllel és személyi igazolvánnyal kapcsolatos biztonsági intézkedések, valamint a készletező távközlésiadat-tárolás.

Az utóbbi időben az egyre változatosabb, összetettebb és súlyosabb bűncselekmények üldözése, illetve megelőzése, a terrorizmus elleni minél hatékonyabb fellépés érdekében számos olyan jogintézmény fejlődött ki, amely jelentős alapjog-korlátozással jár. 2 Nagyon fontos kérdés azonban, hogyan lehet a bűnüldözés minél hatékonyabb anélkül, hogy túlzottan beavatkozna és aránytalanul korlátozná az állampolgárok szabadságát. A maximális biztonság nem jelent maximális szabadságot, inkább az ellenkezője igaz, hogy a szabadság minimálissá válik. 3 Az alapjog-korlátozás általában, sőt többségében olyan személyeket is érint, akiknek adott esetben semmi közük sincs az elkövetett bűncselekményhez. Nemcsak az érintett személyi kör válik szélesebbé, hanem az a terület is, ahol ezen intézkedések alkalmazására sor kerülhet. Ez azt is jelenti, hogy nem csak a büntetőjog, illetve a büntetőeljárás lehet az alapjog-korlátozó intézkedések érvényesülési terepe. Az alapjog-korlátozó intézkedések a határon átnyúló bűnözés egyre intenzívebbé válásával már gyakran nem maradnak meg a nemzeti jog területén, a hatékony fellépés érdekében magasabb szintű együttműködésre és intézkedésekre van szükség. Ez azonban azt is magában foglalja, hogy az alapjogvédelem területén is túl kell lépni a nemzeti kereteken. 9 1 Ez a tanulmány a Finszter Géza professzor tiszteletére készült kötetben megjelenő tanulmány bővített és aktualizált változata. Hack Péter-Király Eszter-Korinek László-Patyi András (szerk.): Gályapadból laboratóriumot. Tanulmányok Finszter Géza professzor tiszteletére. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó, Budapest, 2015, 247-255. o. 2 Ilyen intézkedések például az alkotmányvédelmi szervezetek közötti együttműködés, a repülőgéputasok adatainak mentése és megőrzése, a büntető törvénykönyvek közelítése, az útlevéllel és személyi igazolvánnyal kapcsolatos biztonsági intézkedések, valamint a készletező távközlésiadat-tárolás.

Online availability of information creates new ways of communication. This provides a variety of ways for users to interact, though chat, messaging email, video, voice chat, file sharing, blogging and discussing groups. The social networking sites have become one of the dominant cultural phenomena in this digital age. It enables us to communicate anywhere in this world and to anyone who shares interests and activities across political, social, economic and geographical borders. This paper analysed how new media specially social networking sites change the ways of communication, allows the public to critique and discuss fearlessly social and political issues and share the news information as well as message and leading to active participation in social movements and social revolutions.

A fogyasztókkal szembeni tisztességtelen gyakorlatokról szóló irányélve technológiasemleges, azaz hatálya kiterjed a digitális ágazatban működő különböző kereskedőkre és az online közvetítőkre is. A magyar törvény (Fttv.) rendelkezései is alkalmazandók nemcsak az offline, hanem az online környezetben elkövetett jogsértésekre is. A digitális környezet sajátosságai azonban a kereskedelmi gyakorlatok körében újszerű megoldásokat, és ezek között meg nem engedett módszereket és technikákat is generálnak. Ennek bizonyítására a Booking.com döntést vesszük nagyító alá. Kulcsszavak: viselkedéstudományok, tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlat, digitális fogyasztó, digitális kiszolgáltatottság, agresszív gyakorlat Unfairness of online commercial practices in the light of the Booking.com case The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD) is technology-neutral, i.e., it will apply to the various traders in the digital sector and online intermediaries. The provisions of the Hungarian law (Fttv.) also apply to infringements committed not only offline but also in the online environment. However, the particularities of the digital environment are also generating novel solutions in commercial practices, including unacceptable methods and techniques. To demonstrate this, we take a closer look at the Booking.com decision.

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