Knowledge and Power

This article documents the ups and downs of the Tlalpan Railroad Company, which established a joint stock company to build a railway line between Mexico and Tlalpan in 1865. It describes the difficulties experienced by the company during the war and outlines the circumstances that led to an infrastructure project with material improvements, as it was called at the time, supported by a broad social base, ending up being appropriated by a sec-tor of the country's economic elite. In addition to re-assessing the business owners' proposal, emphasis is placed on the cartoons on the topic published at the time. The hypothesis is that these business owners, without being members of the elite and despite having two governments against them, were temporarily able to overcome their difficulties due to the support provided by the press, known as "public opinion" at the time.

A sample from my translation of Michel Foucault's course notes and manuscripts from the year 1966, during which he taught psychology at Clermont-Ferrand, and later, for the first time, philosophy at Tunis. It is also the year in which The Order of Things (Les Mots et les Choses) is written. The notes are published by Gallimard under the title, Le discours philosophique. Forthcoming from Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

Cet article propose d’explorer le rôle du concept de
sens commun dans le projet philosophique de John
Dewey*. Il s’agit de montrer comment ce concept permet
d’articuler la dimension critique de la philosophie de
Dewey à son ambition de reconstruction. À partir d’une
distinction entre deux sens du sens commun, un sens
commun traditionnel, et un sens commun pratique, nous
proposons d’examiner le diagnostic de crise que porte
Dewey sur la philosophie moderne. Plus précisément,
nous cherchons, d'une part, à montrer la relation entre
les critiques formulées par Dewey contre les théories
modernes de la connaissance (essentiellement la
théorie de la vérité comme correspondance) et le sens
commun traditionnel. D’autre part, nous proposons
d’interpréter le projet de réforme du sens commun, voulu
par Dewey, comme une tentative pour promouvoir un
nouveau rapport entre l’expérience ordinaire et le savoir
scientifique. Il s’agit de montrer comment une réforme du
sens commun est susceptible d’ouvrir à la voie à un usage
de la méthode scientifique dans l’expérience ordinaire,
les sciences sociales constituant un lieu de mise en œuvre
privilégié.

Découvrir c’est laisser de côté les formules et les simplifications pour se confronter directement aux textes.
Sur une autrice, sur un auteur, sur une question, la collection Découvrir présente douze textes, commentés et mis dans leur contexte, proposant au lecteur des pistes pour aller plus loin.
Les textes de G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) rassemblés ici explorent de façon pédagogique les principaux apports de son projet philosophique : la phénoménologie de l’esprit, la dialectique, la philosophie du droit, etc.
On y découvre une pensée des processus qui donne à comprendre le changement, et notamment le changement historique, comme le produit des contradictions qui travaillent toutes choses.

By the late 1990s, US academia had begun to critically examine women's status and gender inequalities within political science, marking the emergence of a specialized subfield focused on issues such as publishing, citations, education, and harassment in the discipline. However, scholarly work addressing these themes in Latin America only started to appear in the mid-2010s and remains limited, especially in book-length form. In this context, Marcia Rangel Candido's Dois Gêneros, ¿Duas Histórias? represents a significant milestone in advancing the study of gender and political science in the region and beyond. This impressive book, based on Candido's award-winning doctoral dissertation (Institute of Social and Political Studies of the State University of Rio de Janeiro, IESP-UERJ), was published as part of the "Sociedade e Política" collection by Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ). It asks how men and women contributed to the institutionalization of political science in the Global South (p. 38). Through an empirical study of Brazil's political science community from the mid-1950s to the present, Candido analyzes how gender inequalities have shaped its development (p. 41). The book is organized into four chapters, progressing from general data to in-depth analysis, plus an introduction and conclusion. Chapter 1, "Uma crítica às narrativas da História da Ciência Política no Brasil", critically examines the history of political science in Brazil, highlighting gender biases in foundational narratives. Chapter 2, "Relações de gênero na profissionalização da Ciência Política no Brasil: formação, associações e redes", provides data on gender diversity in education, professional careers, and networks within the field. Chapter 3, "Cartografia e tipologia das pioneiras da Ciência Política brasileira", presents a typology and mapping of the intellectual contributions of pioneering women in Brazilian politics. Finally, Chapter 4, "Dois gêneros, duas histórias? Trajetórias de fundadoras e fundadores da Ciência Política brasileira", compares the trajectories of six male and six female founders, analyzing how gender influenced their education, internationalization, citation impact, and teaching legacies. This research constitutes, to date, the strongest example of a coherent, methodologically robust, and comprehensive study of the state of political science in a country from a gender perspective. In terms of its approach, the book is novel in (at least) two aspects. First, while most studies in this field rely on a single methodological lensoften quantitative -Candido adopts a mixed-methods design which enables her research to capture the phenomenon in its complexity. By integrating diverse tools such as archival research, descriptive statistics, interviews, career trajectory, and

This paper is genealogical research that aims to present one of the historical ways that led to the emergence of sociology as a modern science. We discuss how and why this kind of genealogical research is important for explaining the emergence, transformation and regionalisation of power/knowledge. By following the arguments developed by Michel Foucault, we argue that the disciplinary practices emerging in European societies during the 18th and 19th centuries strongly influenced the upsurge of power/knowledge that would be transformed in sociology. We conclude that the appearance of the institutions – elements of what Foucault called the disciplinary society – led to the rise of new discourses of their legitimisation and to the birth of sociology.

This paper is founded on the initial presupposition of the implicit presence of the static and non-dialectic space of physical geography in anthropology and sociology in the 19th century. Unlike anthropology which discovered the exotic Others as a dramaturgy in space lacking history the sociology of the Other and its social significance are revealed on the basis of a daily present closeness, 'at home'. We claim that the discovered Others were first spatialized in an unhistorical and non-dialectical manner, like space itself. Тhe subsequent theoretical and epistemological spatial regionality led to the regionalization of Otherness. We conclude that discourses of many regionally constructed Othernesses appeared in anthropology, sociology and social sciences only after the spatial turn and the understanding of the process of spatialization as social technology of power, i.e. production of space.

The bhakti movement is among the most forceful instruments of change in the Indian history.The movement signaled the end  of a worn out epoch and did much to subvert hierarchies by substituting the concept of redemption through devotion in place of ritualistic orthodoxy. It carried sublime philosophy, to the common masses, of the so-called lower classes, in vernacular languages and open doors for women poets. The movement continues to inspire our generation and enjoys prominence in terms of its reach, magnitude, popularity and spacio-temporal significance. The poetic tradition of this school is marked by a distinctive proclivity for introspection; out of the two schools:nirguna and saguna; the nirguna school of bhakti poetry shows a greater tendency towards introspection. The nirguna group of poets led by Kabir, promote the technique of introspective reflectionas the key to self-realisation and god-realisation. This approach is significant as it breaks away from the convention of ri...

This PhD has been a journey for me. A journey that brought into my life new wonderful people and made me appreciate even more people who were already in my life. I want to start thanking those who were already in my life and made this journey possible. First of all, my gratitude goes to prof. Francesco Indovina and prof. Pier Vellinga. They made this PhD possible by always trusting, supporting and sharing their experience with me. Prof. Pier Vellinga also gave me the great opportunity to do part of my research at the Wageningen University and at the Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University, Amsterdam in the Netherland. Thanks to both of you for being my teachers and my mentors. Prof. Indovina, un esempio di persona che sa rinnovare la passione per la vita e l'interesse per le sue vicende, ogni giorno, con fine intelligenza, acuto spirito e grande saggezza. Prof. Pier Vellinga, an example of professionalism, distinction, generosity and wisdom. My thank is also due to prof. Domenico Patassini for having supervised my work in these three years and prof. Margherita Emma Turvani and Emiliano Ramieri for their suggestions on this research. This journey was inspired by the six years I spent working for the Ufficio di Piano committee. I want to thank all the commissioners for the time spent working together during which I learnt and became passionate about policy-making processes. A special thank is due to my colleagues of the technical secretariat, Lorenzo, Gianmarco and Manuela, for their patience and support in these three years of my PhD. Thanks to the new colleagues of Wageningen University and IVM-VU Amsterdam for their valuable comments and suggestions on this dissertation and in particular to Dave Huitema, Judith Klostermann and Hilde Tobi with whom I wrote the articles of this study. I owe you most of my knowledge about doing research and about being passionate to this job. I have had great time living in the Netherlands. For this I am grateful to my new friends: Herman, Kerstin, Marjolaine, Katalin, Juliane, Marjolaine, Caroline, Rahul, Renaat, Hanneke and all the friends of the running club. Even if not much, the time spent with my old friend Morena was also important to me. To Angela and to the group I owe important moment of shared feelings and thoughts. Because the quality of time spent with all of you guys matters. A thought in this occasion is also for Giulio and Renata: hopefully, the journey of my life will lead me back to your door. Finally, infinite gratitude and profound esteem is for Andrea. No words can express what our journey together means to me. Thanks for being there, constantly reminding me the brightness of my soul.

This PhD has been a journey for me. A journey that brought into my life new wonderful people and made me appreciate even more people who were already in my life. I want to start thanking those who were already in my life and made this journey possible. First of all, my gratitude goes to prof. Francesco Indovina and prof. Pier Vellinga. They made this PhD possible by always trusting, supporting and sharing their experience with me. Prof. Pier Vellinga also gave me the great opportunity to do part of my research at the Wageningen University and at the Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University, Amsterdam in the Netherland. Thanks to both of you for being my teachers and my mentors. Prof. Indovina, un esempio di persona che sa rinnovare la passione per la vita e l'interesse per le sue vicende, ogni giorno, con fine intelligenza, acuto spirito e grande saggezza. Prof. Pier Vellinga, an example of professionalism, distinction, generosity and wisdom. My thank is also due to prof. Domenico Patassini for having supervised my work in these three years and prof. Margherita Emma Turvani and Emiliano Ramieri for their suggestions on this research. This journey was inspired by the six years I spent working for the Ufficio di Piano committee. I want to thank all the commissioners for the time spent working together during which I learnt and became passionate about policy-making processes. A special thank is due to my colleagues of the technical secretariat, Lorenzo, Gianmarco and Manuela, for their patience and support in these three years of my PhD. Thanks to the new colleagues of Wageningen University and IVM-VU Amsterdam for their valuable comments and suggestions on this dissertation and in particular to Dave Huitema, Judith Klostermann and Hilde Tobi with whom I wrote the articles of this study. I owe you most of my knowledge about doing research and about being passionate to this job. I have had great time living in the Netherlands. For this I am grateful to my new friends: Herman, Kerstin, Marjolaine, Katalin, Juliane, Marjolaine, Caroline, Rahul, Renaat, Hanneke and all the friends of the running club. Even if not much, the time spent with my old friend Morena was also important to me. To Angela and to the group I owe important moment of shared feelings and thoughts. Because the quality of time spent with all of you guys matters. A thought in this occasion is also for Giulio and Renata: hopefully, the journey of my life will lead me back to your door. Finally, infinite gratitude and profound esteem is for Andrea. No words can express what our journey together means to me. Thanks for being there, constantly reminding me the brightness of my soul.

Der Sammelband mit 13 Beitragen gibt einen Einblick in Theorie, Forschungsansatze und -arbeiten im deutschsprachigen Feld der Disability Studies. Korper- und kulturtheoretischen Beitragen zur Einfuhrung folgen Artikel, die Ergebnisse empirischer Studien zu Korperbehinderungen vorstellen. Landervergleichende und sozialpolitische Analysen bereichern den Sammelband um deutschlandspezifische Befunde in der Soziologie der Behinderung. Der Reader stellt eine Fortfuhrung neuerer Veroffentlichungen im transdisziplinaren Forschungsfeld der Disability Studies dar und erganzt diese um eine Auseinandersetzung mit der governmentalitatskritischen, anglo-amerikanischen Debatte um Behinderung sowie um jungste Forschungsergebnisse zur Konstruktion von Behinderung am Beispiel von Blindheit, personlicher Assistenz, Conterganschadigung und der Segregation in Sonderschulen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803215

On lit moins Starobinski de nos jours, mais on l'étudie davantage. En témoigne le nombre croissant de travaux académiques consacrés à son oeuvre. La lecture de Jean Starobinski est l'effet de deux postures principales : celle de l'enseignant à l'université, lu par ses étudiants, et celle du penseur quand il passe à la postérité. Son public s'élargit et commence à prêter attention à sa nouvelle conception du monde, de la langue et du langage, étroitement liée à la critique littéraire et à la médecine comme le montrent des concepts nouveaux ou savamment revisités. Son travail repose sur des images puissantes qui s'appuient sur les fonctions de la parole. Ses idées ont été certainement reprises par ses étudiants, mais c'est à partir de la publication de certains de ses essais comme La Transparence et l'Obstacle, que ceux qui cherchent la vérité étudient plus méthodiquement l'ensemble de sa pensée. Qu'en est-il aujourd'hui, trois ans après sa mort ? On peut dire que sa production aimante car elle n'est ni superficielle ni passionnelle, ce même quand elle est contestée. Aujourd'hui, on peut dénicher de nouveaux horizons dans la production de Starobinski. Nous vivons dans un monde enclin à la raison et à l'expérimentation, qui nous fait découvrir de nouvelles facettes de sa pensée et une oeuvre riche et beaucoup plus diversifiée que ne le croyaient ceux qui, de son vivant, avaient fréquenté Starobinski. Aldo Trucchio compte parmi ceux qui ont étudié l'oeuvre de Starobinski. Il publie en 2021 aux éditions BHMS (Bibliothèque d'histoire de la médecine et de la santé) Les deux langages de la modernité. Jean Starobinski entre littérature et science. L'ouvrage est issu du remaniement d'une thèse de doctorat ès lettres soutenue au sein du

Las IV Jornadas de investigación de la cátedra “Antropología Filosófica” tuvieron
lugar el día 5 de julio de 2024 en la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. El encuentro que tuvo lugar entre estudiantes, graduados y docentes dio pie a un enriquecedor intercambio, promoviendo la investigación y la formación académica.
Las actas que así se presentan son fruto del desarrollo de esta actividad, que
anualmente promociona el encuentro en torno a la filosofía y la pregunta por lo humano en sus más amplios sentidos, y han sido elaboradas a partir del trabajo y las contribuciones de estudiantes, graduados y docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Ellas reflejan la labor académica que la investigación en torno a la Antropología Filosófica conlleva en estos nuevos tiempos, abordando horizontes de sentido novedosos y profundamente vinculados a los debates contemporáneos.

Apa yang dibaca dalam tulisan ini ialah paradigma integrasi-interkoneksi M. Amin Abdullah yang dianggap telah menjelma sebagai "rezim pengetahuan" di lingkungan Mazhab Sapen (UIN Yogyakarta). Selama bertahun-tahun teori Integrasi-Interkoneksi menjadi paradigma keilmuan di UIN Yogyakarta sejak Pak Amin Abdullah menduduki jabatan Rektor.

Integrasi-Interkoneksi menjadi teori yang lekat dengan UIN Yogyakarta, dan bahkan bersifat hegemonik. Namun, dalam tulisan ini, hanya ingin memberikan semacam "guide" metode pembacaan untuk membongkar rezim pengetahuan (Integrasi-Interkoneksi) yang sudah mapan di lingkungan Mazhab Sapen.

The perspectives of indigenous science learners in developed nations offer an important but frequently overlooked dimension to debates about the nature of science, the science curriculum, and calls from educators to make school science more culturally responsive or 'relevant' to students from indigenous or minority groups. In this paper the findings of a study conducted with indigenous Maori children between the ages of 10 and 12 years are discussed. The purpose of the study was to examine the ways that indigenous children in an urban school environment in New Zealand position themselves in relation to school science. Drawing on the work of Basil Bernstein, we argue that although the interplay between emergent cultural identity narratives and the formation of 'science selves' is not as yet fully understood, it carries the potential to open a rich seam of learning for indigenous children.

Plusieurs scandales universitaires ont éclaté depuis septembre 2020 au Canada et au Québec, médiatisés à partir de l'affaire « du mot en N » prononcé en classe par une enseignante blanche à l'Université d'Ottawa. Ils ont donné lieu à de nombreuses prises de position publiques de la part 2 d'administrations, de syndicats, de responsables politiques, d'enseignant-e-s et d'étudiant-e-. Ce chapitre analyse ce qui a été construit par la plupart de ces universitaires comme une « attaque contre les libertés universitaires » en vue de comprendre les enjeux pluriels de cette scandalisation. L'accès à l'université et à la critique d'un public racisé, longtemps minorisé et occulté sur les campus, est au centre de ces enjeux. Dès lors, cette « crise des libertés universitaires » donne lieu à une lutte de définition sur ce qu'elle est, élargie à une lutte de définition quant aux universités, à ce que qu'elles doivent être et faire, et à qui détient le pouvoir de les définir : ces luttes ciblant l'enseignement supérieur remontent loin dans le passé. Selon ma thèse principale, cette « crise québécoise des libertés universitaires » cache une crise de panique raciale codée par la scandalisation des universitaires, s'inscrivant dans le temps long d'un racisme universitaire impensé.

(Conclusion of the article) The incompatibility between Leibniz and the archaeology of knowledge, as staged by Foucault, dissolves like a misunderstanding; the opposition between continuity and discontinuity, from which we started, appears forced. Foucault himself does not see them as mutually exclusive categories. Nor does Leibniz, for that matter: that everything happens continuously, that everything is subject to the law of continuity, in no way excludes the existence of limits, divergences, and discontinuities in real things as well as in spoken things. Leibniz, before Foucault—and undoubtedly in a different way—was attentive to spoken things: to that particular situation of the speaker or writer inheriting statements that speak through him, that carry with them their density and regularity, that never allow a return to a primary origin, whose material inertia sustains their rarity and which, nevertheless, secretly open the promise of new inventions. The Leibnizian image of thought can inspire another archaeology of knowledge. Properly understood, it also demands the completion of a comprehensive edition of the writings of Leibniz, which, it must be maintained, should lead to new openings.

Quelques mois avant sa mort, Michel Foucault rédige lui-même, sous le pseudonyme de « Maurice Florence », l'article « Michel Foucault » du Dictionnaire des philosophes dirigé par Denis Huisman, et se présente ainsi : « Si Foucault s'inscrit bien dans la tradition philosophique, c'est dans la tradition critique qui est celle de Kant et l'on pourrait nommer son entreprise Histoire critique de la pensée (…) [laquelle est] l'analyse des conditions dans lesquelles sont formées ou modifiées certaines relations de sujet à objet, dans la mesure où celles-ci sont constitutives d'un savoir possible» 1 . C'est donc par une profession de foi kantienne que Foucault décrit le « projet général » qui traverse toute son oeuvre -et qu'il nomme archéologie du savoir, désignant à la fois un domaine de recherche (l'étude des conditions d'émergence de certains types de discours à une époque donnée) et une méthode. Cette profession de foi kantienne peut paraître étonnante pour deux raisons. 1) La première est la rareté des références à Kant, puisqu'il n'est guère que deux textes de Kant que Foucault a étudiés précisément : l'Anthropologie d'un point de vue pragmatique (1798) et la Réponse à la question : qu'est-ce que les Lumières ?(1784) 2 . 2) La seconde raison est que les débats suscités par l'oeuvre de Foucault lui ont façonné une image très peu kantienne. Ce fut d'abord dans les années soixante la question de la « mort de l'homme » interprétée comme mort du sujet transcendantal, et Foucault a alors été majoritairement perçu comme un critique de l'humanisme subjectiviste kantien. Ce fut ensuite dans les années quatre-vingt la question de la modernité, où il a donné l'impulsion à ce qui s'est appelé du « journalisme transcendantal » (Maurice Clavel), et qui a très rapidement perdu tout lien avec un possible programme kantien de diagnostic de l'actualité. Il n'est donc pas étonnant de voir les commentaires souligner presque unanimement que Foucault aurait eu deux usages de Kant : dans un premier temps Kant servirait de repoussoir au nom d'une critique de l'anthropologie, puis deviendrait dans un second temps le modèle d'une nouvelle manière de philosopher 3 . Cependant, un tel jugement ne rend compte ni de l'unité et de la

Iniciamos nuestro recorrido con el señalamiento de tres consensos para los lenguajes de la crítica en las humanidades en la escena actual de la teoría (Biset & Naranjo, 2022), a saber: el distanciamiento del giro lingüístico, la crítica de los dualismos ontológicos y la perturbación de las escalas. Para abrir la pregunta que guía este artículo, problematizamos el primer consenso, ése según el cual sería pos ible trazar una constante en los lenguajes actuales de la crítica que parecen distanciarse del giro li ngüístico –específicamente de su versión posestructuralista–, discutiendo o bien su modo de comprender el lenguaje o bien el postulado de la mediación lingüística en tanto tal. Así, nuestra indagación busca ser una hoja de ruta para un posible camino que actualice la pregunta de la relación entre las palabras y las cosas desde una reformulación puntual: los signos y la materia. De ese modo, realizamos las siguientes acciones: sostenemos la hipótesis de un cierto retorno de las semejanzas desde la relect ura de la prosa del mundo de Foucault y la lengua del mundo de Latour; revisamos qué nociones de signo (y sus vinculaciones con la imaginación crítica) están operando en las teorías contemporáneas ; aislamos una batería de tácticas para la reorientación de lo e scribible y lo legible en la escena teóricocrítica actual; finalmente, proponemos una serie de figuras desde las que balizamos el trabajo con los textos literarios desde una imaginación crítica singular.

This essay critically explores the landscape of political theory through our transient experiences as theorists who were raised and educated in Latin America and obtained PhD degrees from North American universities. We argue that our transiting through geographies, styles of thinking, and modes of writingwhat we call in-betweenness-can distinctly nurture democratic conversations and theorizing. Yet these opportunities tend to be hijacked by a series of intersecting exclusions. With this term, we refer to the silencing and invisibilization that Latin American theorists experience in addition to the marginalization of political theory within political science everywhere. In Global North conversations, our contributions are consistently diminished by distorted imaginaries and narratives about Latin America, with a loss for everyone. The analysis draws on current efforts to question power dynamics within political theory and political science. With these critiques, we share the conviction that a more open field would benefit us all. Given that the world faces challenges of existential proportions, including everyone in the conversation as equals, we contend, constitutes a fundamental move toward collective renewal and even survival.

Time and knowledge have tended to be conceptualised in conventional knowledge management systems as either 'timeless' recordings of procedures, or time-stamped records of past events and states. The concept of temporal convergence was previously developed to help apply knowledge-management theory to complex military processes such as commander's intent, shared situation awareness, and selfsynchronisation. This paper clarifies the concept and introduces several others in forming a framework to assist discussion and exploration of the types of knowledge required for complex endeavours, such as warfighting, characterised by opposition and uncertainty. The approach is grounded in a pragmatist philosophy and constructivist epistemology. Argument proceeds along mathematical lines from a basis that the types of knowledge most valuable to goal-directed agents in uncertain environments can be modelled as directed graph topologies. The framework is shown to be useful in describing and reasoning about the knowledge requirements and prerequisites for distributed decision-making through the sharing of situational knowledge and common intentions, with practical application to the planning and execution of operations. To the designers of knowledge management systems seeking to address this space, it presents a challenge that cannot be addressed merely by construction, storage, search and retrieval of documents and records pertaining to the past.

This paper is founded on the initial presupposition of the implicit presence of the static and non-dialectic space of physical geography in anthropology and sociology in the 19th century. Unlike anthropology which discovered the exotic Others as a dramaturgy in space lacking history the sociology of the Other and its social significance are revealed on the basis of a daily present closeness, 'at home'. We claim that the discovered Others were first spatialized in an unhistorical and non-dialectical manner, like space itself. Тhe subsequent theoretical and epistemological spatial regionality led to the regionalization of Otherness. We conclude that discourses of many regionally constructed Othernesses appeared in anthropology, sociology and social sciences only after the spatial turn and the understanding of the process of spatialization as social technology power, i.e. production of space.

The blood test for drunk driving in the German Reich was established by National Socialist state. It was shaped by racial biology, but at the same time followed growing demands for traffic safety and the objectification of risk in public spaces. The introduction of the blood test was based on the expansion of forensic medicine and an international transfer of knowledge, in particular the work of the Swedish physician Widmark. The blood test institutionalized apparently objective standards of assessment, but at the same time was part of a morally interpreted traffic community (“Verkehrsgemeinschaft”). Mutual consideration was propagated, deviations were combated. The introduction of the blood test was modern, it was retained after 1945 and demonstrated the long and formative shadow of Nazi biopolitics.

ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ
Η Ανακοίνωση « Ένωση Δεξιοτήτων» της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, που δημοσιεύτηκε στις 5 Μαρτίου 2025, προβάλλεται ως στρατηγική απάντηση σε αυτό που περιγράφεται ολοένα και συχνότερα ως πολυδιάστατη κρίση δεξιοτήτων, σε ένα παγκόσμιο περιβάλλον αυξανόμενης αβεβαιότητας, γεωπολιτικών εντάσεων, τεχνολογικών και περιβαλλοντικών μετασχηματισμών, αλλά και εντεινόμενων κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η Ε.Ε., μέσω της συγκεκριμένης πρωτοβουλίας, φαίνεται να δίνει έμφαση κυρίως στην ενίσχυση της ανταγωνιστικότητας, προσεγγίζοντας τις πολιτικές εκπαίδευσης, κατάρτισης και απασχόλησης μέσα από το πρίσμα της εναρμόνισης των πολιτικών εκπαίδευσης και κατάρτισης με τις προτεραιότητες της οικονομίας, σε περιβάλλον οξυμένου διεθνούς ανταγωνισμού. Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει κριτικά τους περιορισμούς της εν λόγω στρατηγικής, εστιάζοντας στην έμφαση που αποδίδεται στην οικονομική λειτουργία της εκπαίδευσης, συχνά εις βάρος της συμβολής της στην καλλιέργεια του κριτικού στοχασμού, την κοινωνική ένταξη και την ενίσχυση της δημοκρατικής συμμετοχής. Η πρωτοβουλία εστιάζει πρωτίστως στην έννοια της ανάπτυξης του ανθρώπινου κεφαλαίου, ως επενδυτική διαδικασία, προωθώντας τη στενή συσχέτιση των δεξιοτήτων μονομερώς με τις ανάγκες της αγοράς εργασίας. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, οι πολιτικές δεξιοτήτων εντάσσονται στο ευρύτερο στρατηγικό αφήγημα της Ε.Ε. για την πράσινη και ψηφιακή μετάβαση, ενισχύοντας την αντίληψη ότι η δια βίου μάθηση και η συνεχής ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων αποτελούν κρίσιμους μοχλούς παραγωγικότητας και καινοτομίας. Όμως, το τεχνοκρατικό και εργαλειακό πρίσμα που διατρέχει τη συγκρότηση των πολιτικών δεξιοτήτων της Ε.Ε., παρ’ όλες τις ρητορικές περί κοινωνικής δικαιοσύνης, ενδέχεται να ενισχύσει τις υφιστάμενες κοινωνικές ανισότητες, ιδίως όταν αγνοούνται οι διαφοροποιημένες ανάγκες και τα ιδιαίτερα κοινωνικο-οικονομικά χαρακτηριστικά των κρατών-μελών και των επιμέρους κοινωνικών ομάδων. Η μελέτη αναδεικνύει ότι η « Ένωση Δεξιοτήτων» αποτελεί ταυτόχρονα συνέχεια και μετεξέλιξη προηγούμενων πολιτικών της Ε.Ε., εισάγοντας νέες συγκεντρωτικές μορφές διακυβέρνησης οι οποίες ενδέχεται να εδραιώσουν περαιτέρω τη σύνδεση της εκπαίδευσης με τις μακροοικονομικές στρατηγικές καθώς και τον συγχρονισμό των εθνικών πολιτικών σε μία κοινή ευρωπαϊκή κατεύθυνση. Μέσα σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, το καίριο ερώτημα είναι κατά πόσο η συγκεκριμένη πολιτική μπορεί να επανανοηματοδοτηθεί, ώστε να εξυπηρετεί όχι μόνο την ανταγωνιστικότητα, αλλά και τις συλλογικές κοινωνικές ανάγκες, τη δημοκρατκή ευημερία, την μείωση των ανισοτήτων και την ατομική αυτοπραγμάτωση. Εν κατακλείδι, η παρούσα μελέτη επιχειρεί να τονίσει την ανάγκη για μια νέα, ολιστική και ανθρωποκεντρική προσέγγιση των πολιτικών δεξιοτήτων, η οποία να ενσωματώνει τις αρχές της κοινωνικής δικαιοσύνης, της αλληλεγγύης και της δημοκρατίας. Η εκπαίδευση δεν μπορεί να περιορίζεται σε έναν εργαλειακό ρόλο· οφείλει να παραμείνει, όπως έγραφε ο Paulo Freire, μια πράξη ελευθερίας, που προάγει την ενεργή συμμετοχή και την ουσιαστική κοινωνική πρόοδο.

ABSTRACT
The European Commission’s Union of Skills, published on March 5, 2025, is presented as a strategic response to what is increasingly described as a multidimensional skills crisis, within a global context marked by growing uncertainty, geopolitical tensions, technological and environmental transformations, and deepening social inequalities. Within this framework, the
EU appears to prioritize competitiveness by adopting an integrated approach to education, training, and employment policies, aligning them with economic priorities in an increasingly competitive international environment. This study critically examines the limitations of such a strategy, focusing on its strong emphasis on the economic function of education, often at the expense of its broader roles in fostering critical thinking, promoting social inclusion, and
enhancing democratic participation. The initiative primarily centers on the concept of human capital development as an investment process, promoting a narrow linkage between skills and the immediate needs of the labor market. In this light, skills policies are integrated into the EU’s broader strategic narrative for green and digital transition, reinforcing the view that lifelong
learning and continuous skills development are key drivers of productivity and innovation. However, the technocratic and instrumentalist perspective shaping EU skills policy—despite its rhetorical commitment to social justice—may risk reinforcing existing social inequalities, particularly when it fails to account for the differentiated needs and socio-economic specificities of member states and social groups. The study highlights that the Union of Skills represents both a continuation and evolution of previous EU strategies, while also introducing new, increasingly concentrated governance structures. These may further entrench the link between education and macroeconomic goals and push national policies toward convergence under a common European trajectory. Against this backdrop, the key question remains whether this policy framework can be re-signified in ways that go beyond competitiveness to genuinely promote democratic well-being, social cohesion, and personal self-actualization. The study ultimately argues for a new, holistic and human-centered approach to skills policy—one grounded in the principles of social justice, solidarity, and democracy. Education should not be confined to a purely instrumental role; as Paulo Freire once wrote, it must remain a practice
of freedom—nurturing active participation and meaningful social progress

Il en est des récits comme des mots, il en est des présences comme des grammaires. Qui parle, depuis quelle position, porté·e par quelles ambitions, quelles visions du monde ? Quelles sont les histoires qui se racontent ? Qui participent des mémoires collectives ? Quelles narrations pour quels imaginaires du vivre ensemble ? Quelles connaissances se voient reconnues, dignes d’être entendues ?

Several scholars have criticized the predominant post-political representations of our current era, particularly with regard to climate change. However, what happens when a movement explicitly aims at repoliticizing the present in an attempt to open a space for change? Combining scholar activism with theoretical insights from post-foundational political theorists, such as Jacques Rancière, Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau, this paper studies the paradoxical nature of the attempt to repoliticize climate change by Climate Justice Action (CJA), a grassroots movement that was set up before the Copenhagen climate summit in 2009. Comparing different repoliticization strategies, the paper shows how CJA exhibits core features of a Rancièrian political act by focusing on making visible what was previously invisible by acting on the postulate of equality. However, lacking an elaborate perspective on alternatives, both Rancière and CJA appear to be stuck in the present. Drawing on Mouffe and Laclau's discourse theory, the paper subsequently analyzes the nodal points of CJA's discourse that could function as inscription points for alternatives. Yet, these points appear to primarily intensify a we/them distinction. The result is a paradox: to create a space for imagining alternative futures, one must first fight post-political representations of the present. However, when politicization becomes an end in itself, the outreach of the movement, and therefore its capacity to repoliticize and stimulate the imagination of alternative futures, is constrained.

The current paper will concentrate on results delivered in the History field from ISI Web of Knowledge Arts and Humanities Citation Index. The author tries to answer to following questions: a) Are authors from English speaking countries more cited than from non-English countries? b) Does each country have different criteria in the choice of collaboration partner? c) Is there concurrency in the titles of journals between countries? d) What types of documents are preferred?

he origins of area, foreign language, and international studies centers on campuses in the United States stem from an "elite consensus" in the late 1950s that international expertise was an important condition for successful foreign policy, including diplomacy, military engagements, and espionage. This consensus has since been shattered, with the result that this unique system of federal funding for the projects to which most of us have dedicated our professional lives is imperiled. The alternative to a policy establishment that is informed about the world might be a policy establishment that is dangerously ignorant.

A recente expansao do nosso conhecimento sobre a obra de Michel Foucault, calcada em manuscritos ineditos e especialmente naqueles de seus cursos, abre novas perspectivas ao analista do discurso no que se refere as ligacoes que se tinha com este autor renomado. Trata-se, entao, de mensurar os limites dessas ligacoes no quadro de uma historia da analise do discurso, por um lado, e, rever, por outro lado, a sua eventual refundacao. Minha abordagem de Foucault e para marcar, assim, a amplitude da sua aplicacao ao funcionalismo discursivo, o diferenciando, no entanto, do funcionalismo sociologico e, principalmente, do funcionalismo em geral de varios linguistas. Pata tanto, dedico especial atencao ao periodo de desenvolvimento da Arqueologia do saber em suas varias versoes, i mpressas e manuscritas, dentro do limite de conhecimento que temos atualmente; em seguida, me volto para o primeiro curso, ou para o periodo de 1968-1973. Fica evidente a partir de minha analise dois fatos discursi...

This study argues that conspiracy theorizing essentially
revolves around trust and distrust. Political conspiracy
theories constitute symptoms of generalized political distrust
—what I call the public trust approach to conspiracy
theories. The various causes of political distrust evolve into
a generalized perception of untrustworthiness. Critics of
the public trust approach correctly point out that conspiracy
theories have no epistemic flaws as such, dismissing narratives
by imputing a conspirational logic in which public
authorities can use them as stratagems to undermine valid
criticisms. Although a correct objection, acknowledging it
fails to obfuscate the fact that distrust configures a major
political problem. Following philosophers of trust, I argue
that distrust configures a practical problem and the proliferation
of conspiracy theories, a symptom of political failure.
The only response to conspiracy theorizing requires re-establishing
the bonds of trust since an ethical and democratic
political life requires a deep sense of trust.

For many years now historians have preferred to turn their attention to
long periods, as if, beneath the shifts and changes of political events, they
were trying to reveal the stable, almost indestructible system of checks and balances, the irreversible processes, the constant readjustments, the under lying tendencies that gather force, and are then suddenly reversed after centuries of continuity, the movements of accumulation and slow satur ation, the great silent, motionless bases that traditional history has covered  with a thick layer of events. The tools that enable historians to carry out  this work of analysis are partly inherited and partly of their own making: models of economic growth, quantitative analysis of market movements, accounts of demographic expansion and contraction, the study of climate and its long-term changes, the fixing of sociological constants, the des cription of technological adjustments and of their spread and continuity.

Ever since the European colonization of India, the establishment of colonial rule is seen as the beginning of the modernization process in India. Although studies of early modern Indian history, especially economic history, have reflected on the Europe-centric modernization narrative, the lack of research on the indigenous cultural modernization in the pre-colonial era still constrains the study of pre-colonial modernisation in India. This paper focuses on early modern Hindi literature related to the weaver Kabir. By reclaiming its ideological content in the dual context of the development of the textile industry in early modern India and the mystical literary traditions of Indian weavers, this paper sorts out historical clues on how the urban textile industry in pre-colonial India already gave rise to modern thoughts and culture with imprints of the new era, in order to think beyond the singular “global modernization narrative” which was shaped by capitalist world system with colonial system of knowledge during the process of shaping the “centre-periphery” pattern, and revisit the plural early modernizations of the multi-civilization-world.

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Resumen: Este artículo tiene dos propósitos. Primero, presentar 'en sociedad' mi agenda de investigación sobre la política de la ciencia política. Segundo, compartir un conjunto de hallazgos significativos sobre los casos de Chile y Uruguay que corroboran el argumento central del trabajo: básicamente que (como múltiples teorías críticas

Eleştirel sosyal çalışma pratiği, her şeyden önce tahakküm, sömürü ve baskının olmadığı bir toplumun gelişimini destekleyecek uygulamaların hayata geçirilmesiyle ilişkilidir. Bu uygulama anlayışı, toplumsal yapıların nasıl tahakküme neden olduğuna, bireylerin toplumsal yapılar ve ilişkileri nasıl inşa ettiğine ve bizatihi bu yapılar tarafından nasıl inşa edildiklerine odaklanır. Aynı zamanda görünüşte türdeş olan durumların çoklu ve çeşitli biçimlerde inşa edilmiş olabileceğini kabul eder. Toplumsal ilişkilere ve yapılara yönelik bu perspektif, egemen anlayışları ve yapıları altüst etmek ve bunları farklı grupları da kapsayacak şekilde dönüştürmek için bir temel sağlar.
İlk yayımlanışının üzerinden 20 yıl geçtikten sonra Jan Fook, ufuk açıcı metnini güncellemek için geri dönüyor. Mesleğin eskimeyen ideallerinin hakkını teslim eden bu kitap, teorik alt yapılarını ve uygulamalarını geliştirmek maksadıyla sosyal çalışmanın eleştirel geleneğiyle etkileşime geçmek isteyen tüm sosyal çalışma öğrencilerine ve profesyonellerine rehberlik ediyor. Yazar bu kitapta, eleştirel sosyal bilim perspektiflerinden hareketle sosyal çalışma disiplinine teorik ve pratik düzeyde bir müdahalede bulunmayı amaçlarken aynı zamanda farklı bağlamlarda uygulamaya aktarılabilen bir sosyal çalışma pratiğini kavramsallaştırmaya çalışıyor.