Ichthyology

Kojic acid (5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one) is a common contaminant of many food products which are part of humans or animals daily nutrition (sake, soy sauce, cereals, fodder and dairy products). This mycotoxin has demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticide, antioxidant and skin whitening effects. In this study, adult zebrafish were divided in 4 groups: Control and 3 kojic acid-treated groups which were exposed to 100 mg/l, 204 mg/l and 284 mg/l kojic acid for 7 days. Histological alterations of the control and kojic acid-treated group were examined and compared, with emphasis on liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine, brain and myocardium. While the Control group had no histological alterations, the kojic acid-exposed zebrafish show hepatocytes hyperhydration/vacuolation, fragmentation of the cell membrane, nuclear karyolysis/pycnosis, a significant shortening of the intestinal villi, myocardiocytes degeneration, a moderatesevere myocardial congestion, an important lipid infiltration of the exocrine pancreas leading to the atrophy of the acini, nephrocyte degeneration and hyalinosis, nuclear hyperhydration, reduction to annulation of the tubular lumens. The histological alterations increase proportionally with the kojic acid dose.

A population of a non-indigenous armoured catfish Pterygoplichthys aff. pardalis from the Dinh river basin (Khan Hoa province, Vietnam). We provide evidence that this is a fully naturalised self-reproducing population and present data on its reproduction. Batch spawning is noted. Possible threat presented by this population to the native habitat and its inhabitants is discussed along with its possible fate. We also analysed the patterns of the fish colouration, which is the main character used for the identification of the species of this genus. We provide evidence that morphometric traits and patterns of the body colouration do not form discrete clusters. Therefore, systematics of the genus should be revised and several species would likely be invalid.

Seven species of whale fishes, belonging to three families, were collected by assorted research vessels from various locations within the Gulf of Mexico from 1965 through 1987. This material, which includes two species new to the region, raises the recorded number of cetomimoid species in the Gulf to eight. A significant positive correlation was found between size and maximum depth of capture for all Gulf specimens of Cetostoma regani (r = 0.84, P < 0.02, N = 7), indicating the possibility of ontogenetic descent for this species. Gulf of Mexico whalefishes exhibit broad horizontal distribution patterns common among bathypelagic fishes. The relatively high species richness exhibited by cetomimoid fishes in the Gulf appears to be characteristic of midwater fish assemblages associated with low latitude, oligotrophic environments.

The aim of the present study was to identify the distribution patterns of migratory fishes in the Jacuí river basin (Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil), proposing a statistical model of presumed distribution based on geomorphologic environmental data. Through maps of occurrence probability, we hope to contribute to decisions regarding basin environmental management. The analyzed species were: Salminus brasiliensis (dourado), Leporinus obtusidens (piava), Prochilodus lineatus (grumatã) and Pimelodus pintado (pintado). Samples were made through interviews with fishermen and local inhabitants, covering the main channel and tributaries of the rivers Jacuí, Taquari-Antas, Vacacaí, Vacacaí-Mirim, Pardo, Pardinho, Sinos, and Caí. The sampling program resulted in 204 interviews, being 187 considered as valid in 155 different sampling points. The probability of migratory fish occurrence was adjusted through the LOGIT routine of the Idrisi Andes Software: P = e (b0 + b1 . altitude + b2 . basin area) .

A total of 121 actinistian species belonging to 47 genera and 17 undetermined actinistians is reported from the literature. There are 69 valid speciesw ith fair assessmento f their phylogenetic position; 21 valid species with poor assessment of their phylogenetic position; 31 actinistian incertae sedis; and 18 taxa that had been identified incorrectly as actinistians or are nomen nuda. The fossil record of the actinistians covers a history of approximately 380 million years. The greatest diversity occurred during the Scythian (Early Triassic).

Water pollution is a major problem in modern life. Almost all the heavy metals are toxic at higher concentrations and some are lethalat very low concentration. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element present in water, food and soil, but now-a-days this element is one of the rapidly emerging serious environmental pollutants; released into the environment through industrial and agricultural usage. In many parts of India, the ground water is contaminated with arsenic. The genesis of arsenic pollution is not understood fully, yet it is thought that natural geological weathering is mostly responsible for the dissolved arsenic in ground water. Arsenic exposure to human causes degenerative, inflammatory and neoplastic changes in skin, respiratory system, blood, lymphatic system, nervous system and reproductive system. There is no particular remedial action for chronic arsenic poisoning. Nearly 100 million people are to be affected by arsenic diseases like spots on the skin, high blood pressure, diabetes, skin cancer, cancer of urinary bladder, kidney and lungs. Low socioeconomic status and malnutrition may increase the risk of chronic toxicity. There is a strong relationship between chronic ingestion of arsenic and deleterious human health effects. Safe drinking water and well-nourished food is essential for the prevention of chronic arsenic toxicity. Balance nutritious-supplements play a major role in the prevention of chronic arsenic poisoning. In this review article, authors tried to provide an overview of some of the major effects documented in the scientific literature.

Bangladesh is very rich in aquatic biodiversity. The present study, conducted during 2016 to 2020, recorded a total number of 138 species (108 fish, 09 prawn, 01 snail, 05 crab, and 15 turtle) belonging to 22 families that identified from the Kongsha River and its flood plain. About ten types of fishing gears, different crafts, hook and line were identified operative in the river. Increasing rates of using current jal (15.00-25.80%) and Bar jal (12.00-16.00%) were identified as detrimental gears destroying different species. The productivity of aquatic life was decreased from 202.

The relationships between size (length and width) of the lagenar (asteriscus) and the utricular (lapillus) otoliths and body
length for five cyprinid fish species, freshwater bream Abramis brama, white bream Blicca bjoerkna, Prussian carp Carassius gibelio, brond-snout Chondrostoma regium, and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus, collected from Lake Ladik from November 2009 through
October 2010, are presented. The right and left side measurements of otoliths were pooled in all cases except asteriscus length in
Prussian carp. Nonlinear and linear functions provided the best fit for 80% and 20% of all species, respectively. All relationships were
highly significant (P < 0.001, R2 > 0.71) and the mean percent prediction errors were less than 10%. The results showed that reliable
original size estimates of all species studied are obtainable from their otolith biometrics. The regressions from this study can be useful for investigators examining food habits of piscivorous fauna and sizes of these fishes in archaeological samples.

A single specimen of Bermuda sea chub Kyphosus saltatrix was caught in the Ionian Sea (western Greece). It is the first occurrence of this species in Greek waters and it constitutes its easternmost verified distribution in the Mediterranean. The specimen was a 4-year old male, fully adapted to benthic life and its occurrence adds to the increasing rate of detections of this species in the basin during the last decades.

Microglanis robustus, new species, is the first Microglanis to be described from the Rio Tocantins basin, Pará, Brazil, and differs from the congeners by the presence of a cordiform blotch in the nape, instead of a transverse light stripe; neuromasts of the superficial lines surrounded by melanophores; robust body with short snout, head and predorsal distance; and deep caudal peduncle. The mapping of superficial neuromasts and cephalic sensory canals evidenced intra and interespecific polymorphisms and, therefore, of little value for phylogenetic analysis within the genus.

The Geneva surgeon and naturalist Louis Jurine (1751-1819) wrote around the 1810s a history of Swiss fishes that was published posthumously. The paper reconstructs the way this work was influenced both by popular practices and scientific methods, among other by linneism.

Характеризуется фауна и систематическая структура рыбообразных и рыб обитающих в бассейне р. Кубани в пределах Краснодарского края и сопредельных территорий, которая насчитывает 1 вид рыбообразных и 103 вида и подвида высших рыб. Даётся общая характеристика всех 24 семейств рыб и 1 семейства рыбообразных, представители которых зарегистрированы на исследуемой территории. Для каждого вида приводятся подробное описание, плавниковая формула, общий ареал и конкретные места распространения в пределах изучаемого региона, краткая биология, репродуктивные показатели и хозяйственное значение.
Предназначено для студентов биологических и сельскохозяйственных направлений университетов, специалистов в области ихтиологии, зоологии позвоночных, а также для всех любителей природы.
Ил. 113. Библиогр. 61 назв.

The evaluation of the growth patterns and reproductive strategies of fish species are vitally important for the understanding of their biology and the management of stocks. The present study focused on the Amazonian electric eel (Electrophorus electricus), which is capable of producing an electrical discharge of up to 800 V. Specimens were collected on a monthly schedule from a floodplain in the eastern Amazon basin. The gonads of these specimens were examined, and the sex ratio, growth parameters, population structure, body size at first gonadal maturation, and the gonadosomatic index were determined. A balanced sex ratio was found. Males were larger than females, and both sexes presented isometric growth, which is unusual in species with an elongated anatomy. This isometry may be related to the reduction of the coelomic cavity, and its position near the head. The spawning period coincided with the start of the rainy season, and continued until high water, with the variation in gonadal development following the fluctuations in precipitation and river water levels. The asymptotic body length in both sexes was relatively large, and was inversely related to the growth coefficient (k), with a slower growth rate being recorded in the males. Mortality rates were relatively low in comparison with most species of tropical fish. The larger size of the male may be related to their role in parental care, and sexual selection on the part of the females. These findings may be important for the management of wild stocks, as well as captive rearing.

This contribution focuses on the diversity, population and conservation aspects of fishes in one of the large freshwater body of Madhya Pradesh, ‘Harsi reservoir’. The extensive survey was conducted from April, 2005 to March, 2007. A total of 51 species were recorded belonging to 33 genera, 16 families and 7 orders. As far as the fishes under different orders are concerned, order Cypriniformes consists of 15 genera belonging to 3 families, Siluriformes of 10 genera to 6 families, Perciformes of 3 genera to 3 families, Osteoglossiformes and Synbranchiformes of 2 genera each to singular family and Clupeiformes and Beloniformes of 1 genus each, to single family. The analysis showed that 07 and 04 fish species, as endangered by two different mode of classification. Apart from the Indian Major Carps, certain threatened species viz., Chitala chitala, Tor tor, Ompok bimaculatus and Eutropiichthys vacha were recorded from the reservoir. A sisorid, Gagata sexualis has been reported for the first time from this region. The study confirms that this freshwater body may prove congineal for conservation of regional fish diversity, especially for local and endangered fish species.

Рассмотрены распределение и сезонная динамика обилия рыб в эстуарии р. Раздольная (зал. Петра Великого) в зависимости от ряда абиотических факторов. Установлено, что биомасса рыб увеличи? вается с ростом солёности и снижением температуры воды (как в пространстве, так и во времени). Пресноводные стеногалинные виды преобладают в верхней части эстуария, полупроходные и прес? новодные эвригалинные – в средней, полупроходные и морские – в нижней. Сезонная сукцессия ихтиоцена включает 2 периода: тёплый (май–октябрь) и холодный (ноябрь–апрель). Для тёплого периода характерна невысокая биомасса (4–10 г/м2) и максимальное видовое богатство (22–29 ви? дов) на фоне сокращения проникновения в эстуарий высокосолёных вод и увеличения расхода, мутности и температуры воды. В уловах преобладают пресноводные виды, появляются субтропиче? ские мигранты. В холодный период видовое богатство минимальное (2–12 видов), а биомасса, на? оборот, очень высокая – (в среднем 71–374 г/м2); при этом температура и расходы воды минималь? ные. В уловах доля полупроходных и морских видов максимальная.

We re-define the Cretaceous bony fish genus Rhinconichthys by re-describing the type species, R. taylori, and defining two new species, R. purgatorensis sp. nov. from the lowermost Carlile Shale (middle Turonian), southeastern Colorado, United States; and R. uyenoi sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Mikasa Formation, Middle Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan. Rhinconichthys purgatoirensis sp. nov. is designated on a newly discovered specimen consisting of a nearly complete skull with pectoral elements. Only known previously by two Cenomanian age specimens from England and Japan, the North American specimen significantly extends the geographic and stratigraphic range of Rhinconichthys. The skull of Rhinconichthys is elongate, including an expansive gill basket, and estimated maximum body length ranges between 2.0 and 2.7 m. Rhinconichthys was likely an obligate suspension-feeder due to its derived cranial morphology, characterized by a remarkably large and elongate hyomandibula. The hyomandibula mechanically acts as a lever to thrust the jaw articulation and hyoid arch both ventrally and anterolaterally during protraction, thus creating a massive buccal space to maximize filtering of planktonic prey items. Cladistic analysis supports a monophyly of suspension-feeding pachycormids including Rhinconichthys, but further resolution within this clade will require more information through additional fossil specimens.

We present the results of an ichthyological survey of the Guayabero, Duda and Losada rivers (sub-drainages of the upper Guaviare River, Orinoco basin, Colombia), in southwestern drainages of the sierra de La Macarena, Meta, Colombia. A total of 242 fish species are reported here (194 species were collected, 16 species were recorded by other surveys and 32 species of confirmed validity are from secondary
sources). They are distributed among nine orders, of which Characiformes was the best represented (111 species, 46.5%), followed by Siluriformes with 96 species (39.2%). The remaining seven orders had from 1 to 16 species (0.4 - 6.5%). Forty families were identified for the region, of which those with the highest specific richness were Characidae (54 species 22%), Loricariidae (28 species, 11.4%) and Pimelodidae
(22 species, 9.0%). The Losada River had the highest species richness (125 species, 38.26%), followed by the Guayabero (113 species, 32.98%) and the Duda River (83 species, 28.75%). The fishes include 12 species that are probably new for science, five new records for Colombia, ten new records for the Orinoco River basin, 22 species endemic to Colombia and 45 species with commercial value for human consumption.

Within public aquaria, there has been an ongoing search for improved capture and restraint techniques to be utilized with large and/or sensitive aquatic ectotherms. While a vast majority of these improvements have been focused on the marine megafauna most commonly kept in the aquarium environment, the authors found a significant lack of information regarding improved capture and restraint techniques for large freshwater teleosts and other fishes. Tonic immobility (TI) is a common technique employed by field researchers and aquarists to manually restrain elasmobranchs in order to facilitate routine husbandry and veterinary care. This paper serves to demonstrate the use of TI in a small group of Paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, in order to aid in transport, gavage feeding, and the administration of oral antihelminthic drugs. In two trials, over 74 animals were handled and placed into dorsal recumbency with the anterior end placed slightly below the posterior end. Time from moment of capture to induction of TI was measured and found to be 8.42.3 seconds. TI was not found to be sustainable for long periods of time (>90s) in this group of animals, however, it was still found to be a viable method for short-term immobilization, allowing the authors and veterinary staff ample time for several routine veterinary procedures.

Induced breeding of pangas, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was carried out from May to August, 2020. The experiment was carried out in the month of May, June, July and August 2020 with PG and LHRH-A. Two hormonal sources were tested to evaluate their efficacy on ovulation, fertility and hatching rate of pangas under controlled condition. Double doses of PG (an initial dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight and final dose of 8.0-10.0 mg/kg body weight) and single dose of Ovuline® (LHRH-A) (0.50-0.60 ml/kg body weight) showed better results in case of female. In the month of June, PG and LHRH-A showed better results in ovulation, fertility and hatching rate. Males were administered with a single dose of LHRH-A (0.15 ml/kg body weight) and PG (2 mg/kg body weight) showed better results in spermiation. The hatchery operators may use both PG and LHRH-A for induction of spawning better performance of P. hypophthalmus breeding.

Se presenta un inventario actualizado de la familia Cichlidae para Bolivia, con base en la revisión taxonómica de la Colección Ictiológica UMSS - Museo Alcide d’Orbigny (Cochabamba-Bolivia) y registros bibliográficos. Se registraron 74 especies pertenecientes a 20 géneros, siendo Apistogramma (20 especies) y Crenicichla (16) los más diversos. Se adicionan cuatro registros para Bolivia. La cuenca Amazónica presentó 67 especies y la cuenca de La Plata 18. Dos especies fueron identificadas como introducidas y tres especies como posiblemente endémicas.

The Talmud, a massive Jewish work completed in Persia approximately 1500 years ago, contains references to a fish named the shibuta. Various previous attempts to identify it over the last several centuries took place in lands other than Iraq and consequently the true identity seems to have escaped those Jewish scholars. In this paper we summarize the previous work and present evidence to support the identification of the talmudic shibuta with Barbus grypus.

Please visit the authors' website for this book:
https://sites.google.com/view/fishes-of-the-world-5/welcome
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Fishes of the World, Fifth Edition is the only modern, phylogenetically based classification of the world’s fishes. The updated text offers new phylogenetic diagrams that clarify the relationships among fish groups, as well as cutting-edge global knowledge that brings this classic reference up to date. With this resource, you can classify orders, families, and genera of fishes, understand the connections among fish groups, organize fishes in their evolutionary context, and imagine new areas of research. To further assist your work, this text provides representative drawings, many of them new, for most families of fishes, allowing you to make visual connections to the information as you read. It also contains many references to the classical as well as the most up-to-date literature on fish relationships, based on both morphology and molecular biology.
The study of fishes is one that certainly requires dedication—and access to reliable, accurate information. With more than 30,000 known species of sharks, rays, and bony fishes, both lobe-finned and ray-finned, you will need to master your area of study with the assistance of the best reference materials available. This text will help you bring your knowledge of fishes to the next level.
- Explore the anatomical characteristics, distribution, common and scientific names, and phylogenetic relationships of fishes
- Access biological and anatomical information on more than 515 families of living fishes
- Better appreciate the complexities and controversies behind the modern view of fish relationships
- Refer to an extensive bibliography, which points you in the direction of additional, valuable, and up-to-date information, much of it published within the last few years.

711 pages, Index, Bibliography

The Rio Nhamundá is a poorly-known clearwater river draining the southern Guiana Shield of Brazil. In this study we report the findings of a preliminary ichthyological survey, focusing on catfishes (Siluriformes). We identify a total of 36 species (31 genera, seven families) from the Nhamundá, including 11 species already recorded from the river. Overall, our survey results show that even rapid surveys can provide important information on Amazon fish biodiversity, suggesting potential new species, providing range extensions for nominal species, and additionally highlighting taxa in need of taxonomic revision and genetic study. As well as the traditional forms of data collected on biodiversity surveys (i.e. preserved specimen vouchers), our study also provides "new" types of data in the form of DNA barcodes and images of fishes exhibiting colouration in life, information that will be invaluable in future work addressing difficult groups. ‡ ‡, § ‡,| ‡ ‡ © Collins R et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Anabantoid fishes comprise a unique group, most of whose representatives are characterized by diverse forms of parental care. Evolutional reconstruction of the reproductive strategies of anabantoids is challenging, partly due to the lack of reliable evidence of parental care in a number of its representatives, the most famous of which is the climbing perch. Moreover, apparent contradictions between literary sources frequently occur on the subject. This brief overview attempts to analyze the situation and identify the possible causes of disagreement. The further development in understanding the phylogeny of life history strategies in the group, as well as the concept of evolutionary transitions among parental care patterns in fishes in general, depend on the clarification of this situation.

A case study was undertaken from March 2017 to February 2018 recently in the river Hillem of Basar, Lower Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh. The sampling of fish was done from three sites of the river time to time using fishing devices and techniques practiced by Galo tribes. A total of 33 species of fishes belonging to 12 families were taxonomically confirmed with 19 species under Cyprinidae followed by 3 species within Balitoridae, 2 species within Amblycipitidae and 1 species each within Mesonoemacheilus, Clariidae, Sisoridae, Olyridae, Siluridae, Badidae, Channidae, Anguillidae and Mastacembelidae. The physico-chemical parameters of the river water remained at permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), thus free from pollution and congenial for aquatic life. The sampling of fishes were restricted only in three sites for the study period because of social ban on fishing by the natives aiming restoration of the ichthyofaunal abundance declined due to various anthropogenic factors.

This study aims to describe the food habits of scads (Selar boops, Selar crumenophthalmus, Selar leptolepis) that caught in the coastal waters of Manokwari. Samplings were carried out every week for a month between May-June 2010, using liftnet. Results showed that food composition of the all three species of scads consisting of fish larvae and juveniles, planktonic crustacean, mollusc larvae, sipuncules, and unidentified fraction that suspected as zooplankton and fish fractions. Large value of preponderance index showed variation between sampling times, that mostly dominated by three diets groups (crustacean, unidentified fraction, and fish). Variation of this index value was also showed by size class of three scads, i.e., shift of domination diet from crustacean at small size to piscivorous for larger size of scads. Morphology of digestive organ, including gill rakers that composed of comb-like, stomach shape, shorter intestine length compared to body length that more empasize of all three scads species are carnivorous, especially zooplanktivorous and piscivorous.

The hydrographic basin of the Doce River has a long history of environmental degradation that reached its peak in 2015, with the disruption of the iron ore tailing dam owned by mining companies. Despite the complexity of the scenario, significant efforts in studies are being made for this area. However, given the extension of this water system, its biological diversity and intensity of degradation have been subjected to it, much remains to be done for its conservation. It is necessary not only studies in the field of biology but also information campaigns about that system. This master's research was developed to contribute in some way to a change in this situation. It aimed to combine scientific knowledge with the arts through the scientific illustration of endangered fish species that occur in the middle stretch of the Doce River basin, thus promoting detailed documentation based on a visual representation of its ichthyofauna. To this end, species with officially endangered conservation status were investigated. The initial selection was done based on publications that listed the species found in the river. The final list of six threatened fishes was defined after being submitted to selection criteria considering the information provided by specialists. The selected fishes were studied at the theoretical and observational levels, based on scientific literature, photographic image analysis, observations of some species preserved in museums and information collected from experts. Therefore, in addition to the literature review and theoretical research, this dissertation is composed of a practical component that stands out for its originality, since, as far as we know, after extensive investigation, no similar research that focuses on coherent and systematized documentation of threatened fish from this basin through scientific illustration has been found. At first, the execution of preliminary drawings was the main task that later was structured into a series of schematic drawings. Thus, an image for each species studied was developed resulting in the precise and rigorously scientific structure of what would be an ideal specimen. Regarding the typologies, the representation of the fish in the main view was adopted. But in some cases, it was also presented detailed views. In short, it is expected that the illustrations resulting from this investigation can help in the propagation of science to various audiences, fulfilling the didactic role of scientific illustration.Therefore, this work aims to help in the knowledge and preservation of the memory of ichthyological biodiversity, serving as a basis for a future iconography project of fishes from the Doce River basin.

The study was conducted on the occurrence of bird species in northern part of Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park during the study period from September 2012 to August 2015 with the objectives to identify the avifauna and to examine the species composition and relative abundance of bird species. Sampling sites were stratified based on the vegetation type and fixed radius point count technique was employed. A total of 109 species belonging to 76 genera, 38 families under 13 orders were recorded. The maximum percentage of family composition was observed in Picidae. Black-crested bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris was found as very common species although Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Oriental-scops Owl Otus sunia and Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus were recorded as uncommon species. The species composition of bird in dry season was significantly different with other seasons. Globally threatened species such as Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis and Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri as Near-threatened species, and Great Slaty Woodpecker Mulleripicus pulverulentus as vulnerable according to IUCN Redlist (2015) were recorded. This result is hoped to provide some data to attract more ecotourism in future.

The family Syngnathidae is a large and diverse clade of morphologically unique bony fishes, with 57 gen-era and 300 described species of seahorses, pipefishes, pipehorses, and seadragons. They primarily inhabit shallow coastal waters in temperate and tropical oceans, and are characterized by a fused jaw, male brooding, and extraordinary crypsis. Phylogenetic relationships within the Syngnathidae remain poorly resolved due to lack of generic taxon sampling, few diagnostic morphological characters, and limited molecular data. The phylogenetic placement of the threatened, commercially exploited seahorses remains a topic of intense interest, with conflicting topologies based on morphology and predominantly mitochondrial genetic data. In this study, we integrate eight nuclear and mitochondrial markers and 17 morphological characters to investigate the phylogenetic structure of the family Syngnathidae at the generic level. We include 91 syngnathid species representing 48 of the 57 recognized genera, all major ocean basins, and a broad array of temperate and tropical habitats including rocky and coral reefs, sand and silt, mangroves, seagrass beds, estuaries, and rivers. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of 5160 bp from eight loci produced high congruence among alternate topologies, defining well-supported and sometimes novel clades. We present a hypothesis that confirms a deep phylogenetic split between lin-eages with trunk-or tail-brood pouch placement, and provides significant new insights into the morphological evolution and biogeography of this highly derived fish clade. Based on the fundamental division between lineages-the tail brooding ''Urophori " and the trunk brooding ''Gastrophori "-we propose a revision of Syngnathidae classification into only two subfamilies: the Nerophinae and the Syngnathinae. We find support for distinct principal clades within the trunk-brooders and tail-brooders, the latter of which include seahorses, seadragons, independent lineages of pipehorses, and clades that originated in southern Australia and the Western Atlantic. We suggest the seahorse genus Hippocampus is of Indo-Pacific origin and its sister clade is an unexpected grouping of several morphologically disparate Indo-Pacific genera, including the Pacific pygmy pipehorses. Taxonomic revision is required for multiple genera, particularly to reflect deep evolutionary splits in nominal lineages from the Atlantic versus the Indo-Pacific.

A implantação de empreendimentos para geração de energia proporciona, em função do processo de licenciamento, a oportunidade de conduzir estudos em diferentes áreas de conhecimento, com duração de curto e/ou médio prazo. Esses estudos, além de atender às exigências legais, acumulam conhecimentos, muitas vezes inéditos, sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos e terrestres do bioma no qual o empreendimento se insere. Entretanto, cumpridas as etapas de licenciamento, nem sempre esses dados são disponibilizados. Permanecem, na maioria das vezes, restritos aos processos de licenciamento em órgãos ambientais e compondo relatórios gerenciais das empresas responsáveis pelo empreendimento. Assim, com o intuito de divulgação, o presente livro foi elaborado, disponibilizando à  comunidade científica, dados, resultados e análises sobre a fisiografia, flora e fauna (peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos) das PCHs Plano Alto, Alto Irani e Arvoredo, localizadas no rio Irani, no oeste do estado de Santa Catarina.

A total of 18 freshwater fish species (n= 859) belonging to 10 families from River Penna, Andhra Pradesh were examined for metazoan ectoparasites from July 2017 to June 2019, of which only 12 fish species were infected with at least one parasitic species. The mean prevalence of infection was 63.9%, the average abundance was 13.9 parasites per fish due to very heavy infestation of some parasites. Prevalence of infection in these 12 infected fishes ranged from 98.9% (Wallago attu) to 30% (Salmostoma bacaila) and mean intensity from 44.3 (Oreochromis niloticus) to 1.0 (Glossogobius giurus). The infra and component communities of parasites were fairly peculiar. The dominance pattern of the major taxa was in the order Monogenea > Copepoda > Isopod. Siluridae (W. attu) showed the richest parasite fauna (n=5) followed by Bagridae (M. vittatus, n= 3) and Cichlidae (O. niloticus, n= 3) whereas 09 infected fish species showed very poor fauna. The parasite fauna of W. attu was the most heterogeneous while the remaining fish species were the most homogenous. The results specify that the freshwater fishes of River Penna harbour a poor and less diverse species. The results also put forward the fact that the lesser scales on the body of carnivorous fishes enable the ectoparasites to penetrate the skin and gills more easily.

Gujarat being a state having largest coastline and highest continental shelf in India represents diverse coastal habitats. Gujarat has vast potential of marine bioresources and offer considerable scope for marine fisheries. The ichthyofaunal diversity of Sutrapada, Gir Somnath district, Gujarat was investigated for a period of three years from June 2015 to June 2018 through the analysis of fish catch data of trawl fisheries and achieves of Fisheries Department, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CIFT-CMFRI), Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) and Commissioner Fisheries Office, Veraval. During this study period, 114 fish species belonging to 55 families and 93 genera were identified. The paper emphasizes the importance of further research on respective families for understanding of its distribution, ecology and conservation status.

El río Aroa drena una cuenca que desemboca al mar Caribe en el centroccidente de Venezuela. Este sistema presenta una biodiversidad importante de peces pero también una antigua y creciente intervención humana, lo que hace necesario generar y actualizar información para contribuir con el manejo adecuado de sus recursos acuáticos. En los ambientes fluviales se efectuaron muestreos (2001)(2002)(2003) con pesca eléctrica estandarizada y redes variadas. Se estimaron la riqueza, diversidad y similitud mediante índices; igualmente, se agruparon los peces en clases de distribución y abundancia y se efectuaron entrevistas informales para conocer el uso dado a los mismos. Se reconocieron 12 órdenes, 44 familias y 120 especies; de estas últimas, cerca del 20% son endémicas y dos son introducidas. Alrededor del 35% de la riqueza correspondió a los peces dulceacuícolas. El promedio de la riqueza mostró una relación funcional entre la riqueza estimada (r 2 = 65%; índice de Menhinick) y la diversidad (r 2 = 89%; índice de Shannon-Wiener). La similitud, según los modelos de Jaccard y Morisita-Horn, fue moderada (> 50%) en la mayoría de las subcuencas con origen en la Sierra de Aroa y dentro de unidades de paisaje (cuenca alta, media y baja). Más de 60 especies presentaron una distribución restringida, 15 especies con distribución local y 33 con distribución difundida; entre estas últimas predominaron los peces dulceacuícolas del orden Characiformes. Con clase de abundancia ocasional se reconocieron 13 especies. Con algún tipo de uso se registraron 64 especies, predominando la pesca de subsistencia y eventualmente la pesca comercial en la desembocadura (p. ej. Centropomus spp., Megalops atlanticus). La importante biodiversidad de peces locales, la intervención progresiva e intensa de la cuenca del río Aroa y las necesidades de conservación de sus ambientes fluviales indican que la ictiofauna local se encuentra bajo una seria amenaza para su supervivencia, por lo que se sugiere la protección de una subcuenca (río Galápago), la cual podría representar protección para la ictiofauna de las planicies.

In this paper, hydrodynamic effects of ventral pleats covering mouth and bell parts of humpback whales are studied for the first time. In this regard, turbulent flows over a simplified model of the animal body as a half grooved ellipsoid are numerically simulated using Lam-Bremhorst low Reynolds turbulence model resolving to the wall at different angles of attack and sideslip. The results show that presence of the ventral pleats leads to formation of low speed strips and shear layer/vortex on the bottom surface of the animal, which in turn results in a relatively higher pressure region on the bell and higher drag coefficient compared to a case without grooves. In this way, pleats generate lift and contribute to buoyancy force and also increase tendency of flow separation. The results also depict superior performance of the grooved body at sideslip angles. Furthermore, results of cavitating flow simulation over the grooved model showed a suppression of lift generation contribution of the ventral grooved surface in cavitating conditions, the most similar situations to bubbly flows experienced by humpback whales in bubble net fishing environment.