Papers by International Journal of Biological Innovations
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Dengue and chikungunya co-infections are increasing in India due to their shared vector Aedes mos... more Dengue and chikungunya co-infections are increasing in India due to their shared vector Aedes mosquito. The overlap of clinical symptoms often results in cases of chikungunya going undiagnosed in regions where dengue is endemic. This study offers an extensive meta-analysis of the occurrence of chikungunya and chikungunya-dengue coinfection across seven different Indian states: Tamil Nadu, Odisha, New Delhi, Punjab, Telangana, Karnataka, and Gujarat. This analysis compiled data from 16 peer-reviewed articles and employed graphical, tabular, and chart-based techniques to represent the trends and prevalence rates. The findings indicated that New Delhi (~61.7%) had the highest chikungunya incidence rates, while Punjab (~32.4%) had recorded the highest chikungunya-dengue co-infection rates in relation to the overall sample. These results emphasize notable geographical differences in infection patterns and point to potential hotspots that may need targeted public health measures. The study highlights the importance of future research to investigate the links between environmental factors and infection rates, which could aid in developing more effective strategies for preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases in India.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Wetlands are dynamic and vital components of the global ecosystem, offering essential services su... more Wetlands are dynamic and vital components of the global ecosystem, offering essential services such as biodiversity conservation and water management. Aquatic macrophytes play a significant role in supporting aquatic life and sustaining the livelihoods of rural communities. However, limited conservation efforts threaten these valuable ecosystems. The present study documents the floristic composition and investigates the aquatic macrophyte diversity in selected wetlands of Morva (Hadaf) Taluka, Panchmahal district, Gujarat, India, during the 2023-24 growing seasons. A total of 56 species of aquatic and wetland plants belonging to 29 families were recorded. The study also highlights the ethnobotanical and socioeconomic significance of these species, many of which are used in traditional medicine, food, fodder, and other rural practices. The findings underscore the urgent need to document and conserve wetland biodiversity to safeguard ecological balance and cultural heritage.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Medicinal plants hold significant importance in both traditional and modern healthcare practices,... more Medicinal plants hold significant importance in both traditional and modern healthcare practices, providing a wide range of therapeutic benefits. Among them, Aloe vera is highly valued for its wide range of pharmacological properties and commercial applications. India is a leading producer and exporter of Aloe vera and other herbal plants, particularly within the Asia-Pacific market. Aloe vera is used extensively in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and nutraceutical industries. However, the authenticity of commercial Aloe vera powder remains a concern due to possible adulteration, especially in processed forms where morphological identification is ineffective. This raises serious issues related to consumer safety, product integrity, and trade reliability. DNA barcoding has emerged as a reliable molecular technique for accurate species identification, even in degraded or powdered samples. In this study, DNA barcoding is applied using matK (Maturase K) gene as a barcode to authenticate 11 Aloe vera powder samples collected from various districts of West Bengal. The results aim to highlight the effectiveness of this approach in detecting adulteration and ensuring product quality in the herbal industry.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
This study focuses on identifying bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infected chilli see... more This study focuses on identifying bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infected chilli seeds using morphological and biochemical methods. A collection of infected chilli seeds was analyzed to identify the bacterial species responsible for their infection. Morphological methods, including colony characteristics, gram-staining and microscopic examination, were first employed to categorize the isolates based on their cellular structures and colony appearances. Subsequently, biochemical tests such as oxidase and catalase, sugar fermentation assays, and API tests were conducted to further characterize the bacteria and confirm their identities. The results indicated the presence of key bacterial pathogens, including and Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonas viridiflava, which were linked to observed symptoms in the seeds. The findings underscore the importance of precise bacterial identification in developing strategies for disease management and enhancing crop productivity Their identification from infected chilli seeds suggests a potential role in seed borne transmission of disease. This dual approach of using both morphological and biochemical methods proved to be an effective and reliable strategy for bacterial identification. The findings emphasize the critical importance of early and accurate pathogen detection in seeds, which is essential for implementing effective disease management strategies, improving seed health, and ultimately enhancing agricultural productivity in chilli cultivation.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Rivers play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting local communities and l... more Rivers play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting local communities and livelihoods. However, increasing anthropogenic pressures have significantly impacted river water quality. This study explores the water quality of the Noon River in Kanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, by analyzing its physico-chemical parameters. The study highlighted the urgent need for regular water quality monitoring and pollution control measures to restore the river's ecological balance. It also emphasizes community participation and sustainable practices to maintain the flow of the river. These findings will provide valuable insights to policymakers to implement effective river conservation strategies, ensuring the long-term health of the river and the well-being of local communities.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Hair loss is a common problem worldwide that can impact people of all ages, both men and women. T... more Hair loss is a common problem worldwide that can impact people of all ages, both men and women. There are numerous conventional therapy choices available, but they may have various adverse effects, that is why interest of people is gradually increasing towards natural and herbal cures. The potential advantages of phytochemicals for hair growth, strength, and texture have led to an increase in their usage in hair care products. Since ancient times, people have employed natural products, which have been shown to be safe and to have minimal side effects. The use of plants and their extracts to encourage hair growth has been shown in a number of researches. Additionally, hair loss has been treated with commercial treatments made from these natural components. The review article discusses the advantages of using phytochemicals in hair care, such as their effectiveness to enhance scalp health, lessen dandruff, and encourage hair development. It will impart a concise overview of the effective phytochemicals in hair care and possible advantages for supporting healthy hair.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Silver nanoparticles are one of the most exploited metal nanoparticles due to their unique proper... more Silver nanoparticles are one of the most exploited metal nanoparticles due to their unique properties. They are synthesized via chemogenic and biogenic routes. Their widespread applications have resulted in their unintentional release into various environmental matrices, ultimately making way to the aquatic environment. Silver nanoparticles have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, which coupled with their increasing concentration in the environment has raised concerns about their safety and ecotoxicity. Fishes are most likely to be affected in aquatic ecosystems. Studies have reported toxic effects of silver nanoparticles in different fishes at various levels of organisation i.e. haematological, histological and biochemical level. This review aims to summarize all the available information on biological effects and establish an understanding of the toxicity mechanism of silver nanoparticles to illuminate associated potential risks and safety.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
A number of countries, particularly those in South and Southeast Asia, are suffering with river p... more A number of countries, particularly those in South and Southeast Asia, are suffering with river pollution; Bangladesh is among those affected by water pollution. The Buriganga River is regarded as one of the most contaminated rivers in Bangladesh. The river is almost dead from a biological and hydrological standpoint due to pollution. Most of the rivers around Dhaka city are polluted because of anthropogenic causes. People occasionally dispose of their rubbish into rivers and on their banks due to a lack of knowledge and inadequate facilities. Water quality is negatively impacted by the careless release of human waste in large quantities.The main causes of the current state of Buriganga are the transportation network, the sewage system for human feces, fishing, and waste canals from industry. The main cause of the pollution in the Buriganga River is also the environmental department's and civil society's negligence. The hygienic level was also not in a good condition because so many wastes like plastic materials and other daily use materials were thrown out into the river. That's why public health conditions around the Buriganga River become vulnerable nowadays. This study highlights some of the issues brought on by practices like unlawful garbage dumping and suggests mitigating actions.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
To assess the impact of 4-tert-Butylphenol (4-tBP), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), on th... more To assess the impact of 4-tert-Butylphenol (4-tBP), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), on the reproductive cycle of the fish model, Heteropneustes fossilis, biochemical assays and gene expression studies were employed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4-tBP was estimated before subjecting the fishes to antioxidant enzyme assay (catalase: CAT; superoxide dismutase: SOD) and gene (cyp19a1a: ovarian aromatase; vtg: liver vitellogenin) expression studies. After following a standardized set of protocols, the LC50 (96 hours) value for the exposure of the compound in fish was found to be 27.8 mg/L. The SOD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activity, at one-tenth of the LC50 (96 hours) value of 4-tBP, was found to be disrupted; thereby, suggesting an increase in the oxidative stress in the fish. Lastly, the same fish tissue samples were taken for gene expression studies, which revealed the upregulation and downregulation of vtg and cyp19a1a genes, respectively. The upregulation of the vtg gene expression and the enhanced synthesis of associated (vtg) protein can be attributed to the structural similarity of 4-tBP with that of the natural estrogens to bind to the receptor, which leads to the downstream protein synthesis mechanism. In contrast, the downregulated cyp19a1a gene can be associated with impairments in ovarian development that can alter the reproductive physiology. Therefore, these results suggest the endocrine-disrupting nature of the compound 4-t-BP in H. fossilis.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
The present study was conducted in Dnyanganga Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS), located in Buldana distri... more The present study was conducted in Dnyanganga Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS), located in Buldana district, Maharashtra, to assess butterfly diversity across five major families: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperidae. Using diversity indices such as the Shannon-Wiener Index (H), Simpson's Index (D), Evenness (E), and Species Richness (S), the study revealed significant variation in species composition and ecological dominance. A total of 79 species were recorded, with Nymphalidae (32.91%) emerged as the most abundant and diverse family, indicating high ecological stability and adaptability, followed by Lycaenidae (25.31%) and Pieridae (17.72%). Hesperidae (12.66%) and Papilionidae (11.40%) showed lower diversity and more restricted habitat representation. The results underscore the significance of ecological traits like dispersal ability and host plant range in shaping diversity, and highlight the need to conserve varied habitats to support both dominant and sensitive butterfly families.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024
NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that reduces cellular oxidative stress by... more NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that reduces cellular oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. Variant NQO1 enzyme role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess NQO1 C609T polymorphism as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors performed a metaanalysis from published case-control studies that examined the association between C609T polymorphism and AD (735 cases and 828 controls). The pooled Odd Ratios (OR) was estimated by both fixed effects and random effects models. The meta-analysis with random effects model showed that there was 38% heterogeneity between five included studies. The random effect pooled OR is 1.38 (95% CI; 1-14 to 1.66) and Cochran Q was 6.45 (df = 4). The results of present meta-analysis showed that NQO1 gene C609T polymorphism is a risk factor for AD pathogenesis.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Coffee silver skin (CSS), a by-product of the coffee industry, is derived from the seed
coat duri... more Coffee silver skin (CSS), a by-product of the coffee industry, is derived from the seed
coat during the roasting of green coffee beans. Owing to its high content of phenolic compounds,
antioxidants, dietary fibre, and prebiotic properties, CSS has gained interest as a functional food
ingredient. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CSS as a major component in a smoothie
formulation, focusing on its antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), cytotoxicity, effects on human
dermal fibroblasts (HDF), microbial stability, and shelf-life. CSS extract was obtained using the
cold maceration technique and assessed for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. It was
subsequently incorporated into smoothies at varying concentrations (1g, 2.5g, 3g, 3.5g, and 5g),
followed by sensory evaluation, and monitoring of microbial activity and shelf-life at seven-day
intervals. Nutritional analysis revealed that CSS is rich in dietary fibre (50%-60%), protein (16%-
19%), and fats (1.56%-3.28%), underscoring its value as a functional food. The extract exhibited
no cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 1 g/ml. Incorporation of CSS into smoothies not only
enhanced their nutritional and functional properties but also maintained product stability,
supporting its application as a health-promoting beverage ingredient.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
The study investigated the decomposition pattern and arthropod successions on dichlorvos-treated ... more The study investigated the decomposition pattern and arthropod successions on dichlorvos-treated and control carrions for use in post-mortem investigations. Decomposition rate was notably faster in the dichlorvos-treated carrions. The abundance of arthropod species on dichlorvos-treated carrions 1444 (t = 6.276; p < 0.05) was less than that of the control carrions 1,928 (t = 6.637; p < 0.05). The arthropods of the dichlorvos-treated carrions comprised eight orders; the Diptera, 1187(82.18%), Coleoptera, 214(14.81%), Hymenoptera, 21(1.45%), Isoptera, 6(0.42%); Orthoptera, 5(0.35%), Araneae, 6(0.42%) and Polydesmida, 3(0.21%), Decapoda 2(0.14%) while the control carrions comprised eight orders; the Diptera, 1549(80.34%), Coleoptera, 309(16.03%), Hymenoptera, 28(1.45%), Isoptera, 10(0.52%); Orthoptera, 10(0.52%), Araneae, 9(0.36%) and Polydesmida, 6(0.31%). Both carrion groups showed Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) and Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae) as the most abundant dipteran and coleopteran species respectively. Additionally, 11 arthropod species were unique to the control carrions while 8 species were exclusive to the dichlorvos-treated carrions. The study documented over 20 forensically uncommon arthropod species from both carrion groups. It was revealed that dichlorvos exposure disrupts the natural decomposition process and significantly alters arthropod successions on carrion. This has important forensic implications, as it can impact the ability to accurately estimate the post-mortem interval.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2022
Fishermen in the Asid Gulf rely heavily on the income, livelihood, and food security that Blue Sw... more Fishermen in the Asid Gulf rely heavily on the income, livelihood, and food security that Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) provides. A study was conducted in January-December, 2018 to investigate the present status of the BSC fishery in the gulf. A total of 3991 BSC were collected for length-frequency data and analysis was done using an analytical length-based fish stock assessment, FISAT (version 1.2.2). Results on Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were -1 CW?=170.43 mm and K=0.93year (ELEFAN method). The current exploitation rate was 0.79 which was higher than the threshold at E=0.37. Also, an excess of 29% in the E current suggested reducing the 28% fishing effort of the current year to fulfill the MSY and FMSY. On this basis, it is safe to presume that BSC fishery from Asid Gulf is experiencing overexploitation, hence, the need to recommend interventions supportive of the sustainable management and conservation of BSC in Asid Gulf.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2020
Noise pollution (or environmental noise) refers to unwanted or unpleasant sound that disrupts the... more Noise pollution (or environmental noise) refers to unwanted or unpleasant sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human and animal life. It reduces the concentration and negatively affects the mental activity. The noise is generated by the human through various ways and activities. Noise must be controlled and prevented by using various effective techniques at the source itself is today's need. This review basically discuss the various sources of noise pollution, measurement of noise, dB scale, equipments used in the measurement of noise levels, adverse effects of noise pollution on health, control of indoor noise, control technologies available for noise pollution and Indian penal codes to prevent noise pollution are the main points of focus of attention.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2019
Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters, 2019
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
Synthetic dyes are extensively used in industrial processes such as textiles, paper manufacturing... more Synthetic dyes are extensively used in industrial processes such as textiles, paper manufacturing, plastics, and food coloring, resulting in significant environmental pollution. Dealing dye-containing wastewater into aquatic ecosystems leads to severe consequences, including water contamination, reduced light penetration, and toxicity to marine organisms. Due to their complex aromatic structures, synthetic dyes exhibit high chemical stability and resistance to conventional degradation processes, making their removal from wastewater a pressing concern. The current review focuses on biological treatment, which includes the degradation of dyes by using microbial strains, enzymes, enzymatic mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and environmental factors that influence microbial dye degradation. Bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Acinetobacter have shown significant potential in breaking down complex dyes through enzymatic actions involving oxidoreductases, peroxidases, laccases, and azoreductases. Additionally, fungi and yeast contribute to dye degradation through biosorption and extracellular enzymatic activities. The advance technologies can be approached for the biodegradation of dyes such as genetic engineering, enzyme immobilization, metabolic engineering, and nanotechnology by focusing on pathway analysis. More researches are required to challenges the existing dye problem and find future perspectives in the field. Advance technologies for microbial degradation, can develop more effective and environmentally friendly treatment strategies to mitigate dye pollution and ensure sustainable wastewater management.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
The detergents are household chemical cleaning compounds used in a wide range of our daily life f... more The detergents are household chemical cleaning compounds used in a wide range of our daily life for diverse purposes. 'Ghari' is a common detergent used largely in India. The present study examined the effects of a commercial household synthetic detergent 'Ghari' on the mortality and behavioural changes in the freshwater fish Channa punctata. The median lethal concentration (LC) of this detergent was determined using probit analysis software (SPSS version 50 26) at 95% confidence limit. The 96h LC value for Channa punctata was found to be 20.121 50 mg/L. Toxicity increased significantly with higher detergent concentrations and longer exposure periods. Morphological changes observed after 96 hours of exposure included body and gill discoloration, damaged fins, and excessive mucus secretion. Behavioural alterations in detergentexposed fish included erratic swimming, restlessness, aggression, hyperactivity, and frequent movement near the bottom of the tank. Further research is recommended to explore the physiological effects for a better understanding of environmental impacts.
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2025
The Rapti River originates in the Mahabharat Range in Central Nepal and flows east to west throug... more The Rapti River originates in the Mahabharat Range in Central Nepal and flows east to west through the inner Terai region, passing through the Chitwan Valley. It harbors to diverse wildlife, different fish species and other aquatic animals. The study aimed to explore baseline information on the diversity and abundance of fish species and their relationship with environmental variables. A study was carried out to understand the diversity of fish in Rapti River at three different stations. A total of 25 species of fishes belonging to 6 orders, 12 families and 18 genera were recorded. Among the orders, Cypriniformes had the highest number of species (52%) followed by Siluriformes (24%), Perciformes (12%) while Tetraodontiformes, Synbranchiformes, Beloniformes represented each about by 4%. Fish conservation in Rapti River was very effective because only license holder fisherman can catch the fish in river. Local fisherman believed that traditional medicinal benefits of fish species like Puntius ticto supports to increased milk production during breast feeding and some fish species like Glyptothorax telchitta, Puntius ticto and Garua bachcha were declining day by day due to various anthropogenic activities like pollution, regular fishing, illegal fishing and so on.
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Papers by International Journal of Biological Innovations
coat during the roasting of green coffee beans. Owing to its high content of phenolic compounds,
antioxidants, dietary fibre, and prebiotic properties, CSS has gained interest as a functional food
ingredient. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CSS as a major component in a smoothie
formulation, focusing on its antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), cytotoxicity, effects on human
dermal fibroblasts (HDF), microbial stability, and shelf-life. CSS extract was obtained using the
cold maceration technique and assessed for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. It was
subsequently incorporated into smoothies at varying concentrations (1g, 2.5g, 3g, 3.5g, and 5g),
followed by sensory evaluation, and monitoring of microbial activity and shelf-life at seven-day
intervals. Nutritional analysis revealed that CSS is rich in dietary fibre (50%-60%), protein (16%-
19%), and fats (1.56%-3.28%), underscoring its value as a functional food. The extract exhibited
no cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 1 g/ml. Incorporation of CSS into smoothies not only
enhanced their nutritional and functional properties but also maintained product stability,
supporting its application as a health-promoting beverage ingredient.