Embedded operating system

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

Mr. N. Abid Ali Khan * and Prof. K. Ushadevi ** ... *R&D Engineer-Embedded Systems & Lecturer, TIFAC-CORE, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613402, Tamil Nadu, India. abid_ms@rediffmail.com ... ** Dean-School of Computing & Coordinator-TIFAC-CORE, ...

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

The EOS project is investigating the design and construction of a family of real-time distributed embedded operating systems for reliable, distributed aerospace Distributed Systems D. A Physical Device Model for Path Pascal E. Lightweight processes in an object-oriented system ! ! ! Project EOS: Mid-Year Report Project EOS: Mid-Year Report G based operating system design. The motivation for this evolution is that current operating systems are difficult to adapt to new, multi-computer/multi-processor architectures and reliable applications. The structure of many of today's operating systems are based on a sixties perception of time-sharing and real-time operation. Instead of a centralized timesharing or real-time operating system model, research is concentrating on a model systems has improved and new operating system concepts introduced. However, improved understanding of the structure of an operating system is not, by itself, a motivating force to develop a new operating system. It is our belief that the change in communication bandwidth will change how resources within a computer system are managed and that this will provide the major motivation to redesign operating systems. Adaptive and reliable system architectures provide additional motivation to explore new operating system designs, It is our intention to build a prototype embedded operating system which can be used as a testbed to decide how best aerospace operating systems _^..

The Operating System (OS) is a major part of embedded software systems and its robustness has considerable influence on the robustness of the entire system. Thus, its robustness testing is critical for assessing the dependability of the system. In this paper, a state-aware approach is proposed to evaluate the robustness of components of embedded real-time OSs in the presence of different types of faulty inputs. This approach leads to identifying critical OS states, their criticality level, and the maximum and minimum level of the OS robustness. It also facilitates comparing the robustness level of OS's components and helps the system developers to select the most appropriate fault tolerance techniques by considering the robustness level and timing limitations. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach in providing more information about the robustness vulnerabilities in the states of the system.

Nowadays operating systems are inseparable part of computer systems. Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are a special kind of operating systems that their main goal is to operate correctly and provide correct and valid results in a bounded and predetermined time. RTOSs are widely used in safety-critical domains. In these domains all the system's requirements should be met and a catastrophe occurs if the system fails. Hence, fault tolerance is an essential requirement of RTOSs employed in safety-critical domains. In the past decades, several fault tolerance techniques have been proposed to protect different parts of an RTOS against faults and errors. In this paper, after presenting primary concepts of RTOSs, some features of these operating systems are reviewed and then a number of fault tolerance techniques that can be applied to each feature and their impact on system reliability is investigated. The main contribution of this work is to review and categorize several fault tolerance techniques applicable to RTOSs based on the operating system's features.

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

Nowadays more and more resources are thrown for improving performance of existing software/hardware systems to produce new ones more powerful than ever. In the world of embedded systems and real-time systems anything is crucial – software applications, involving ...

The Operating System (OS) is a major part of embedded software systems and its robustness has considerable influence on the robustness of the entire system. Thus, its robustness testing is critical for assessing the dependability of the system. In this paper, a state-aware approach is proposed to evaluate the robustness of components of embedded real-time OSs in the presence of different types of faulty inputs. This approach leads to identifying critical OS states, their criticality level, and the maximum and minimum level of the OS robustness. It also facilitates comparing the robustness level of OS's components and helps the system developers to select the most appropriate fault tolerance techniques by considering the robustness level and timing limitations. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach in providing more information about the robustness vulnerabilities in the states of the system.

The application of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) to the embedded operating system domain is still a very controversial topic, as this area demands high performance and small memory footprint. However, recent studies quantifying aspects overheads in AspectC++ show that the resource cost is very low. Therefore, operating system development may benefit with the modularization of crosscutting concerns and system specialization offered by AOP. This paper addresses our experience in applying aspects to synchronization (mutual exclusion) and logging in a real-time embedded operating system (BOSS). Furthermore, we present our ideas for future investigation in aspect-oriented implementations for fault tolerance, middleware customization and platform variability.

The paper present and compare some real-time control program models used by programmers programming in embedded systems. The paper do not demonstrate all programming models, only the most important variations based on writer's opinion. The writer tried to show the advantages and disadvantages of each programming models discussed in article. The paper begins with traditional models like sequential model, cooperative multitasking and continues with timed cooperative model and finish with event-driven model.

Reducing power consumption has become one of the major goals in designing electronic systems for mobile devices and embedded applications. One of the most promising approaches, called Dynamic Power Management (DPM), is to adapt at run-time power states of system components by means of changing the operating voltage of a processor as well as switching I/O devices to low-power sleeping states during periods of inactivity. This work is aimed to provide innovative strategies to enhance the capabilities of a potential Power Manager that acts at the operating system level. In particular, several low-power process scheduling policies, increasing the possibility to conveniently force devices into low power states, have been implemented in the Linux operating system to verify their feasibility and to analyze their benefits and drawbacks.

As embedded systems must constantly integrate new functionalities, their developement cycles must be based on high-level abstractions, making the software design more flexible. CBSE provides an approach to these new requirements. However, low-level services provided by operating systems are an integral part of embedded applications, furthermore deployed on resource-limited devices. Therefore, the expected benefits of CBSE must not impact on the constraints imposed by the targetted domain, such as memory footprint, energy consumption, and execution time. In this paper, we present the componentization of a legacy industry-established Real-Time Operating System, and how componentbased applications are built on top of it. We use the Think framework that allows to produce flexible systems while paying for flexibility only where desired. Performed experimentions show that the induced overhead is negligeable.

This paper describes an embedded system based on μC/OS II operating system using ARM7. It deals with the porting of MicroC/OS-II kernel in ARM powered microcontroller for the implementation of features like multitasking, time scheduling, mailbox and, mutex. Here a real time kernel is the software that manages the time of a micro controller to ensure that all time critical events are processed as efficiently as possible. Different interface modules of ARM7 microcontroller like UART, ADC and LCD are used. Data acquired from these interfaces is tested using μC/OS-II based real time operating system. It mainly emphasizes on the porting of μC/OS-II. It also shows how different applications are quite handy to use the RTOS features. With respect to the applications or tasks, this paper explains additional features of μC/OS-II like mutex, semaphore which are not inbuilt along with in built functions like multitasking, scheduling, mailbox.

The paper discusses monolithic approach against microkernel approach-both used in operating systems. The paper presents the most critical features of operating systems concerning system architecture, communication model, and priority in processes, memory management and handling of any arrived exceptions as well as interrupts. The interrupt is a crucial factor for real time operating systems (RTOS). It is supposed the interrupts to be handled in real time for predictable time. The paper points out the benefits of each discussed approach and its weak points. At the end a conclusion for each appropriate operating system deployment is made, based on facts and results, and also on prediction for functionality. The paper discusses also the embedded systems as one of the most fast developing systems and mostly suitable platform for any RTOS installation or any other operating systems (OS) functionality.

Nowadays more and more resources are thrown for improving performance of existing software/hardware systems to produce new ones more powerful than ever. In the world of embedded systems and real-time systems anything is crucial – software applications, involving ...

Embedded systems are electronic computer systems designed for dedicated operating functions, often while respecting several constraints like real-time computing, power consumption, size and cost, etc. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today such as smartphones, GPS, codec GSM, decoders, MP3, MPEG62, MPEG4, PDAs, RFIDs, smart cards and networked sensors etc. Generally, they are controlled by one or more main processing cores that are typically either Microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). These systems are embedded as part of a complete electronic system, often including software, hardware, and communication and sensor parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer-such as a Personal Computer (PC)-is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. The key characteristic of an embedded system is that it is dedicated to the handling of a particular task. They may require very powerful processors and extensive communications. Ideally, these embedded systems are completely self-contained and will typically run off a battery source for many years before the batteries need to be changed or charged. Since such systems are embedded and dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers search to optimise them by reducing their size (miniaturisation made possible by advanced IC design in order to couple full communication subsystems to sophisticated sensors) and cost in terms of energy consumption, memory and logic resources, while increasing their reliability and performance. Consequently, embedded systems are especially suited for use in transportation, medical applications, safety and security. Indeed, in dealing with security, embedded systems can be self-sufficient and should be able to deal with communication systems. Considering these specific conditions, in the fields of information and communication technology, embedded systems designers are faced with many challenges in terms of both the trade-off between cost/performance/power and architecture design. This is especially true for embedded systems designs, which often operate in non-secure environments, while at the same time being constrained by such factors as computational capacity, memory size and-in particular-power consumption. One challenge is in the design of hardware architecture able to meet the appropriate level of security and-consequentlythe best trade-off between hardware resources and the best throughput rates for real-time embedded applications. A digital implementation of chaotic generators presents certain advantages and provides accuracy and a significant hope for integration in embedded applications, especially for data www.intechopen.com

This paper presents a survey on the current state-of-the-art in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Operating Systems (OSs). In recent years, WSNs have received tremendous attention in the research community, with applications in battlefields, industrial process monitoring, home automation, and environmental monitoring, to name but a few. A WSN is a highly dynamic network because nodes die due to severe environmental conditions and battery power depletion. Furthermore, a WSN is composed of miniaturized motes equipped with scarce resources e.g., limited memory and computational abilities. WSNs invariably operate in an unattended mode and in many scenarios it is impossible to replace sensor motes after deployment, therefore a fundamental objective is to optimize the sensor motes' life time. These characteristics of WSNs impose additional challenges on OS design for WSN, and consequently, OS design for WSN deviates from traditional OS design. The purpose of this survey is to highlight major concerns pertaining to OS design in WSNs and to point out strengths and weaknesses of contemporary OSs for WSNs, keeping in mind the requirements of emerging WSN applications. The state-of-the-art in operating systems for WSNs has been examined in terms of the OS Architecture, Programming Model, Scheduling, Memory Management and Protection, Communication Protocols, Resource Sharing, Support for Real-Time Applications, and additional features. These features are surveyed for both real-time and non-real-time WSN operating systems.

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

The capabilities of a sensor network are strongly influenced by the operating system used on the sensor nodes. In general, two different sensor network operating system types are currently considered: event driven and multi-threaded. It is commonly assumed that event driven operating systems are more suited to sensor networks as they use less memory and processing resources. However, if factors other than resource usage are considered important, a multi-threaded system might be preferred. This paper compares the resource needs of multi-threaded and event driven sensor network operating systems. The resources considered are memory usage and power consumption. Additionally, the event handling capabilities of event driven and multi-threaded operating systems are analyzed and compared. The results presented in this paper show that for a number of application areas a thread-based sensor network operating system is feasible and preferable.

This paper presents a survey on the current state-of-the-art in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Operating Systems (OSs). In recent years, WSNs have received tremendous attention in the research community, with applications in battlefields, industrial process monitoring, home automation, and environmental monitoring, to name but a few. A WSN is a highly dynamic network because nodes die due to severe environmental conditions and battery power depletion. Furthermore, a WSN is composed of miniaturized motes equipped with scarce resources e.g., limited memory and computational abilities. WSNs invariably operate in an unattended mode and in many scenarios it is impossible to replace sensor motes after deployment, therefore a fundamental objective is to optimize the sensor motes' life time. These characteristics of WSNs impose additional challenges on OS design for WSN, and consequently, OS design for WSN deviates from traditional OS design. The purpose of this survey is to highlight major concerns pertaining to OS design in WSNs and to point out strengths and weaknesses of contemporary OSs for WSNs, keeping in mind the requirements of emerging WSN applications. The state-of-the-art in operating systems for WSNs has been examined in terms of the OS Architecture, Programming Model, Scheduling, Memory Management and Protection, Communication Protocols, Resource Sharing, Support for Real-Time Applications, and additional features. These features are surveyed for both real-time and non-real-time WSN operating systems.

Due to inherent limitations in wireless sensor networks, security is a crucial issue. While research in WSN security is progressing at tremendous pace, no comprehensive document lists the security issues and the threat models which pose unique threats to the wireless sensor networks. In this paper we have made an effort to document all the known security issues in wireless sensor networks and have provided the research direction towards countermeasures against the threats posed by these issues.

With the emergence of multicore embedded System on Chip (SoC), the integration of several applications with different levels of criticality on the same platform is becoming increasingly popular. These platforms, known as mixed-criticality systems, need to meet numerous requirements such as real-time constraints, Operating System (OS) scheduling, memory and OSes isolation. To construct mixed-criticality systems, various solutions, based on virtualization extensions, have been presented where OSes are contained in a Virtual Machine (VM) through the use of a hypervisor. However, such implementations usually lack hardware features to ensure a full isolation of other bus masters (e.g., Direct Memory Access (DMA) peripherals, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)) between OSes. Furthermore on multicore implementation, one core is usually dedicated to one OS, causing CPU underutilization. To address these issues, this paper presents VOSYSmonitor, a multi-core software layer, which allows the co-e...

Today, flash memory are strongly used in the embedded system domain. NAND flash memories are the building block of main secondary storage systems. Such memories present many benefits in terms of data density, I/O performance, shock resistance and power consumption. Nevertheless, flash does not come without constraints: the write / erase granularity asymmetry and the limited lifetime bring the need for specific management. This can be done through the operating system using dedicated Flash File Systems (FFSs). In this document, we present general concepts about FFSs, and implementations example that are JFFS2, YAFFS2 and UBIFS, the most commonly used flash file systems. Then we give performance evaluation results for these FFSs.

The application of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) to the embedded operating system domain is still a very controversial topic, as this area demands high performance and small memory footprint. However, recent studies quantifying aspects overheads in AspectC++ show that the resource cost is very low. Therefore, operating system development may benefit with the modularization of crosscutting concerns and system specialization offered by AOP. This paper addresses our experience in applying aspects to synchronization (mutual exclusion) and logging in a real-time embedded operating system (BOSS). Furthermore, we present our ideas for future investigation in aspect-oriented implementations for fault tolerance, middleware customization and platform variability.

Energy consumption has become a major focus in the design of embedded systems (e.g., mobile computing and wireless communication devices). In particular, a shift of emphasis from hardware-oriented low-energy design techniques to energy-efficient embedded software design has occurred progressively in the past few years. To that end, various techniques have been developed for the design of energy-efficient embedded software. In operating system (OS)-driven embedded systems, the OS has a significant impact on the system's energy consumption directly (energy consumption associated with the execution of the OS functions and services), as well as indirectly (interaction of the OS with the application software). As a first step toward designing energy-efficient OS-based embedded systems, it is important to analyze the energy consumption of embedded software by taking the OS energy characteristics into account. To facilitate such studies, we present, in this work, an energy simulation framework that can be used to analyze the energy consumption characteristics of an embedded system featuring the embedded Linux OS running on the Stron-gARM processor. The framework allows software designers to study the energy consumption of the system software in relation to the application software, identify the energy hot spots, and perform design changes based on the knowledge of the OS energy consumption characteristics as well as application-OS interactions.

Operating system is essential to operate computers. Normally, computers come with preloaded operating systems. However, often the preloaded operating systems are not able to fulfill all requirements of users. The users sometimes need to change the operating system based on their needs. Although some comparative studies and tools are available on operating systems, there is still a lack of tools that provide independent and objective review and recommendation to help the users understand and select from all major operating systems. This paper propose a tool called FSOS, which analyses well-known operating systems used at domestic, commercial and industrial level and suggest suitable operating systems to the users as per their requirements.

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

Abstract—The central idea presented in this paper is to show the architecture and working of an Operating System running over the network, thus leading to global computing. "PROS", as it is named, provides transparency meaning it would work same as a real operating system on the PC without need of static installation. PROS would load up on the user's PC

Modern architecture research relies heavily on applicationlevel detailed pipeline simulation. A time consuming part of building a simulator is correctly emulating the operating system effects, which is required even if the goal is to simulate just the application code, in order to achieve functional correctness of the application's execution. Existing applicationlevel simulators require manually hand coding the emulation of each and every possible system effect (e.g., system call, interrupt, DMA transfer) that can impact the application's execution. Developing such an emulator for a given operating system is a tedious exercise, and it can also be costly to maintain it to support newer versions of that operating system. Furthermore, porting the emulator to a completely different operating system might involve building it all together from scratch. In this paper, we describe a tool that can automatically log operating system effects to guide architecture simulation of application code. The benefits of our approach are: (a) we do not have to build or maintain any infrastructure for emulating the operating system effects, (b) we can support simulation of more complex applications on our applicationlevel simulator, including those applications that use asynchronous interrupts, DMA transfers, etc., and (c) using the system effects logs collected by our tool, we can deterministically re-execute the application to guide architecture simulation that has reproducible results.

The modern operating system is currently caught in a tug-of-war between two forces. At one end, there is a force that is demanding that the operating system become more flexible to handle the needs of evolving hardware and evolving user applications. At the other end, there is a force that is demanding that the operating system become more efficient to meet the needs of faster hardware. If the modern operating system does not keep pace with these two forces, it could cause the progress in computer design to become stagnant. One possible solution to this problem is the Exokernel Operating System - an extensible (or easily modifiable) operating system developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Extensibility allows the operating system to be flexible to change and also open to optimization. Extensibility within an operating system has resulted in several new issues. For example, extensibility seems to make customer-support harder to provide. Furthermore, some multithreaded...

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

The availability of the source code of a running real operating system is essential for teaching a practical course on Operating Systems. This, and the wide-spread use of PC-XT computers were the main reasons for transporting the XINU operating system to these computers. This paper describes the features, additions and constraints of this transportation, named XINIX.

Embedded systems are typically implemented as a set of communicating components some of which are implemented in hardware and some of which are implemented in software. Usually many software components share a processor. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is used to enable sharing and provide a communication mechanism between components. Commercial RTOSs are available for many popular micro-controllers. Using them provides significant reduction in design time and often leads to better structured and more maintainable systems. However, since they have to be quite general, they are not efficient enough for many applications, either in memory usage or in run times. Thus, it is often the case that RTOSs are hand coded by an expert for a particular application. This approach is obviously slow, expensive and error-prone.In this paper we propose an alternative where a RTOS is automatically generated based on a high-level description of the system. RTOSs created in our approach offer an ea...

In real-time computing is essential the accurate characterization of the performance and determinism that a particular real-time operating systehardware combination can provide for real-time applications. This issue is not properly addressed by existing performance metrics, mainly due to the lack of completeness and generalization. In this paper we present a set of comprehensive, easy-to-implement and useful metrics covering three basic real-time operating system features: response to external events, intertask synchronization and resource sharing, and intertask data transferring. The evaluation of real-time operating systems using a set of fine-grained metrics is fundamental to guarantee that we can reach the required determinism in real-world applications.

ABSTRACT We have recently proposed a Distributed Reconfigurable Active SSD computation platform (RASSD) for processing data-intensive applications at the storage node itself, without having to move data over slow networks. In this paper, we present the design of an operating system (OS) for the RASSD node. RASSD OS is a multitasking real-time operating system that runs on the 32-bit MicroBlaze® soft processor core available for Xilinx® FPGA's. We discuss in this paper our OS design features which include initializing the node and configuring the different components of the RASSD node, monitoring the node's activities, and processing middleware requests. RASSD OS provides a set of services to the middleware through which it hides the low-level details of the node's hardware architecture. We describe the functions essential for the data-intensive processing within the RASSD node using examples that capture the common states of the node and various possible requests.

Özetçe-Mikro i lemci içeren gömülü sistemlerde i letim sistemi çekirdeklerine saat h z , bacak ismi, ayg t adresi gibi birçok donan msal bilgi girilmesi gerekmektedir. Klasik i letim sistemi çekirde i derlenmesi i leminde, gömülü sistemin desteklemi oldu u bütün özelliklerin bilgileri kaynak kodlar n içerisinde bulunmaktad r. Bu bilgiler üzerinde yaz l m geli tirme çal malar yap l rken i letim sisteminin çekirde inin de her denemede tekrar derlenmesi gerekmektedir. Yüzlerce farkl özelli in bulundu u sistemlerde bu süreç oldukça zaman al c ve maliyetli olmaktad r. Öte yandan Ayg t A ac veri yap s kullan larak gömülü sistemlerde fiziksel bile enlerin tan mlanmas yap labilmektedir. Bu yap ile i letim sisteminin çekirde i bir kere derlenmekte ve gerekli geli tirme çal malar bu yap üzerinden yürütülebilmektedir. Bu çal mada, Ayg t A ac yap s n n gömülü sistem yaz l mlar n n geli tirilmesine yönelik uygulanabilecek bir yöntem tan t lmaktad r. Klasik yöntem ile Ayg t A ac yap s n n kullan m n içeren yeni yöntem kar la t r lm t r ve yeni yöntemin uygulanmas n n güçlü ve zay f yönleri tart lm t r.

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependab...

Energy Consumption has become a critical issue for all kinds of computer systems, data centers and servers. Their demand for 24X7 connectivity and availability needs huge power in quantity of megawatts. The performance of microprocessors has been improving at an exponential rate and this trend is continuing from past two decades. However, increased performance does not come for free. One of the most important consequences of higher performance has been a dramatic increase in power consumption. For example, Intel 386 processor initially consumed about 2 Watts of energy; a Pentium 4 can use as much as 55 Watts. Various algorithms have been developed with respect to present needs and situations, but no one thinks of the future. This paper discusses the novel approach to reduce the power consumption of the operating system and gives an entirely new dimension to look in. We have given the name "green" to that operating system, as its more energy efficient. Our paper will also explore the future power issues of the operating system and the holistic approach to tackle them, in the form of an entirely new operating system viz. Green OS.

The application of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) to the embedded operating system domain is still a very controversial topic, as this area demands high performance and small memory footprint. However, recent studies quantifying aspects overheads in AspectC++ show that the resource cost is very low. Therefore, operating system development may benefit with the modularization of crosscutting concerns and system specialization offered by AOP. This paper addresses our experience in applying aspects to synchronization (mutual exclusion) and logging in a real-time embedded operating system (BOSS). Furthermore, we present our ideas for future investigation in aspect-oriented implementations for fault tolerance, middleware customization and platform variability.

Fixed priority until Zero Laxity (FPZL) algorithm is the minimally dynamic scheduling algorithm. In FPZL, fixed priorities are assigned to the jobs and are scheduled accordingly until the state of zero laxity is reached and it does not follow any priority order. FPZL concentrates on scheduling more jobs as far as possible. The algorithm which is proposed in this paper is the variant of FPZL which employs the priority order. Instead of giving up processing of some tasks completely, this algorithm completes some portion of the tasks and at the same time if any zero laxity task arrives it takes that task also into consideration and schedules accordingly. In this way, this algorithm tries to process more jobs as compared to the FPZL algorithm and increases the CPU Utilization.

Selama 30 tahun terakhir, kemajuan dalam pembuatan manufaktur semi konduktor telah menghasilkan komputer yang lebih kecil dan lebih cepat. Kehadirannya menghasilkan pengembangan perangkat yang kompleks dan memproses data dalam jumlah besar dengan cepat dan handal. Semakin banyak fungsionalitas pada perangkat sistem, diperlukan mengelola sumber daya yang efektif dan efisien. Dalam beberapa kasus, hanya sistem operasi waktu nyata (RTOS) yang dapat memenuhi batasan waktu dan sumber daya dari sistem tersebut. Baik penggunaan software pada perangkat otomatisasi, atau level midleware untuk membantu berkomunikasi antar program, atau pengunaan perangkat lunak, akan bermanfaat untuk mengetahui kapan RTOS menggunakan platform yang tepat untuk aplikasi. Makalah ini dan fokus pada berbagai penelitian dan pengembangan RTOS selama sepuluh tahun terakhir yang terdapat di Indonesia. Tujuan utama adalah memungkinkan pembaca untuk memahami konsep dasar sistem operasi waktu nyata dan merangsang peneli...

Over the past decade the sheer size and complexity of traditional operating systems have prompted a wave of new approaches to help alleviate the services provided by these operating systems. The emergence of micro-kernels and a plethora of non-traditional operating system models, both geared toward reducing the role of the OS, attest to the promise of practical alternatives. The problem with these methods is that the three-tiered system of software, operating system, and hardware is still preserved. Even though the operating system might find some reprieve by having to handle less work there is a nascent notion being triggered by these alternative approaches that the operating system as an abstract entity is no longer a necessity. We propose a radical method of computing where we take this notion to the extreme and push the operating system into the software and hardware levels. By doing so, we create a decentralized operating system environment known as Dispersed Operating System Computing (DOSC). We outline how the Dispersed Operating System paradigm works, its benefits, and immediate practical applications in today's world.