Embedded operating system projects

2001

finished. It is possible to avoid the problem by adding break points to the event handling code where the handling of urgent events can take place. On the other hand, the problem is not critical, if a powerful processor is available. The real-time properties of most embedded systems are based on the use of real-time operating systems. Application of such operating systems requires high expertise and much time. The resulting software is often heavy and hard to maintain. In this paper we present a class of application specific operating systems called ReaGOS. ReaGOS is based on a new architecture and an operating principle, where the operating system calls application programs but not vice versa. The new architecture saves both data and code memory and it is fast enough for embedded systems. The operating system is generated automatically from a high level graphical specification. Another method uses interrupt mechanisms to handle I/O driver events [5]. This method has some disadvanta...

2011

The article proposes a new didactic platform for practical study of embedded Real Rime Operating Systems (RTOSs). Three fundamental parts that are included in the platform are discussed in detail: the hardware part, the firmware part and the software tools. In the description of the hardware part the following parts are addressed: main controller, input/output module, executing module and programmer module. The project of the hardware part is distributed according to GPLv2 license. The firmware of the platform is based on FreeRTOS distributed according to the modified GPL license, ported by the authors on the microcontrollers not originally supported, i.e., Atmega128 and Atmega168. The firmware part of the platform proposed and described in the article implements: the command line interpreter, file system, the protocol for communication between main controller and executing modules, TCP/IP stack and xModem protocol, among others. All the software tools work on the Linux operating system and are free of charge; most of them have open source code. Particular attention is given to a presentation of laboratory exercises that have been worked out in the process. These exercises are designed to facilitate the learning process in the study of embedded operating systems with the application of the proposed didactic platform. The proposed platform is not expensive and is easy to assemble. Most students can afford to build or modify it on their own.

Embedded systems are the computing devices hidden inside a vast array of everyday products and appliances such as cell phones, toys, handheld PDAs, cameras, etc. An embedded system is various type of computer system or computing device that performs a dedicated function and/or is designed for use with a specific embedded software application. Embedded systems may use a combination of 'Read-only' as well as with 'Read-Write' based operating system. But an embedded system is not usable as a commercially viable substitute for general-purpose computers or devices. As applications grow increasingly complex, so do the complexities of the embedded computing devices.

AICT 2011, The Seventh Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications, 2011

Abstract—This paper presents a new didactic platform that is capable of running an embedded Real Rime Operating System. The proposed platform consists of hardware, firmware and software tools. The project of the hardware part is distributed according to GPLv2 license. The firmware of the platform is based on FreeRtos distributed according to the modified GPL license, ported by the authors on the microcontrollers not originally supported, i.e., Atmega128 and Atmega168. All the software tools work on the Linux operating system and are free of charge; most of them have open source code. The main aim of the proposed platform is to familiarize students with the basics of embedded RTOS.

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2021

The complexity of an embedded system is directly proportional to the requirements of industrial applications. Various embedded operating system (OS) approaches had been built to fulfil the requirements. This review aims to systematically address the similarities and differences of the embedded OS solutions and analyse the factors that will influence decision-making when choosing what solution to use in the applications. This paper reviews three standard solutions; super loop, cooperative, and real-time operating system (RTOS). These are commonly used in industrial applications. By grouping the tasks in the foreground and background execution region, the concept and working principle of each of them are reviewed. The unique feature of RTOS in the context of task switching was used to define the deterministic characteristic of meeting the deadlines. The importance and performance of this characteristic is addressed and compared among various solutions in this paper. Subsequently, this paper reviewed the internet of things (IoT) requirements, automotive, medical and consumer electronics industry. The influential factors on choosing the right embedded OS to be used are extracted based on the requirements. They are reviewed in the perspective of memory footprint, regulated standards, cost-effectiveness, time effectiveness, and scalability.

Real-Time Systems

As computing platforms are becoming more powerful and energy efficient, embedded real-time systems are spreading in emerging application domains, from small autonomous robots to unmanned aerial vehicles, medical wearable devices, and intelligent sensors and actuators for the Internet of Things. Many of such systems are required to interact with the surrounding environment, reacting to events within stringent deadlines, also guaranteeing security and safety features. In addition, the heavy use of machine learning algorithms for perception and control tasks is increasing the complexity of the software architecture, which is often organized in modular components with different levels of criticality. One common way to manage such a software complexity is to partition the computational resources available on the platform into a set of execution domains coordinated by a hypervisor, which encapsulates each software component into a virtual machine, while guaranteeing safety, security, and predictability properties. The four papers collected in this special issue address some of the crucial topics highlighted above, presenting them in different application contexts. The articles are extended versions of papers carefully selected over twenty-four works presented at the 7th Italian Workshop on Embedded Systems (IWES 2022), held at Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy, on September 22-23 of 2022, and went through a rigorous and

2009

As embedded systems must constantly integrate new functionalities, their developement cycles must be based on high-level abstractions, making the software design more flexible. CBSE provides an approach to these new requirements. However, low-level services provided by operating systems are an integral part of embedded applications, furthermore deployed on resource-limited devices. Therefore, the expected benefits of CBSE must not impact on the constraints imposed by the targetted domain, such as memory footprint, energy consumption, and execution time. In this paper, we present the componentization of a legacy industry-established Real-Time Operating System, and how componentbased applications are built on top of it. We use the Think framework that allows to produce flexible systems while paying for flexibility only where desired. Performed experimentions show that the induced overhead is negligeable.

1997

Abstract Embedded systems are typically implemented as a set of communicating components some of which are implemented in hardware and some of which are implemented in software. Usually many software components share a processor. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is used to enable sharing and provide a communication mechanism between components. Commercial RTOSs are available for many popular micro-controllers.

ACM SIGBED Review, 2017

Embedded computer systems are proliferating, but the complexities of embedded software make it increasingly difficult to produce systems that are robust and reliable. These challenges increase as embedded systems are connected to networks and relied on to control or monitor physical processes in critical infrastructure. This paper describes a senior-level course that exposes students to foundational characteristics of embedded software, such as concurrency, synchronization and communication. The core of the class is a sequence of laboratory assignments in which students design and implement a real-time operating system. Each student-developed RTOS has the same API, so all can run the same application code, but internal implementations vary widely. The principal challenges that arise in the design and debugging of a multi-tasking RTOS tend to be instances of the general problems that arise in embedded software. In our experience, the activity of creating a working RTOS is effective i...