Disability policy

This article analyzes a recently published memoir entitled Wczoraj byłaś zła na zielono (Yesterday You Were Angry in Green) by Eliza Kącka. The memoir tells the story of raising an autistic child by a nondisabled mother. The article employs disability studies tools to think of the book and examines why the author refrains from using a word "autism" while listing the symptoms and naming the therapies her daughter attends. It argues that the memoir constitutes a continuum of nondisabled mothers' confessions about raising children with disabilities, and explores the ways in which Kącka grapples with the fundamental concepts of disability studies such as access and diagnosis. For example, it shows how Kącka reformulates the concept of access without identifying a barrier that prevents her from accessing her daughter's world. In other words, the memoir discusses her longing for access to her daughter's inner experiences, but does not identify what makes getting access impossible. As such, the memoir departs from more mainstream accounts of autism that depict it as a "thief" or "terrorist" who "steals" children. Moreover, the article considers the author's approach toward diagnosis and juxtaposes it with autistic people's experiences of getting autism diagnosis. As a result, the article shows that while mothers' accounts of living and raising disabled children are crucial for understanding disability in Poland, they cannot be the only source of knowledge about disability.

P ojęcie "autyzm" użyte zostało po raz pierwszy w 1910 r. przez szwajcar- skiego psychiatrę Eugena Bleulera w formie objawu choroby psychicznej -schizofrenii 1 . W tym kontekście oznaczało skupienie się na "ja" poprzez wycofanie się z relacji społecznych i zamknięcie się we "własnym świecie". Bleuler opisuje myślenie autystyczne (dereistyczne) jako takie, które utraciwszy kontakt ze światem zewnętrznym, przestaje się nim interesować. Takie myślenie powodowane jest nie nastawieniem na cele, ale wypełnianiem pożądań, działaniem pod wpływem afektu. Ewolucja rozumienia tego stanu rozpoczęła się dzięki pracy Hansa Aspergera zaczętej w 1938 r., który zwrócił uwagę, że takie zachowania nie dotyczą wyłącznie osób psychotycznych 2 . W tekście "'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood" zajmuje się dziećmi z zaburzeniem osobowości -psychopatią 3 . Pediatra wychodzi od znaczenia opisywanego przez Bleulera, przejmując je dla opisania autystycznego psychopaty. W 1941 r. użycie słowa "autyzm" zbliżyło się do współczesnego rozumienia tego zaburzenia w publikacji Leo Kannera 4 . W swoim raporcie Kanner opisuje przypadki jedenastu dzieci z podobnymi zaburzeniami behawioralnymi, wprowadzając pojęcie autyzmu wczesnodziecięcego.

The research aimed to highlight the responsiveness of existing health care systems in Pakistan towards addressing Sexual and Reproductive Health & Rights (SRH&R) concerns of young people with the lens of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially (Goal 3.7) with the focus on youth. This descriptive research used the inductive approach of theory. It fixed qualitative design to research the health care system of Pakistan by reviewing the available secondary data resources, e.g., official documents, reports, websites, and online resources of the relevant departments and organizations. Results highlight that in Pakistan, 64% of the population consists of young people. It is reviewed that Pakistan's existing health care system is insignificantly responsive towards the SRH&R needs of young people and contribution to achieving SDG, especially (Goal 3.7) with a special focus on youth. These policies and programs at the provincial and local level programs are limited to reproductive health issues (maternal health, family planning, and child health) and the needs of married women only. On the other hand, the existing health care systems, mainly private and non-governmental, are addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) needs of young people, which is insufficient due to limited infrastructure and delivery networks. The research provided insight into the significant programs and interventions and policies implemented, including gaps and challenges in the health care system in Pakistan for addressing SRH&R concerns of young people and contribution in achieving SDG, especially (Goal 3.7) with a special focus on youth.

The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of empowerment among individuals taking part in an empowerment project for people being unemployed. Semistructured interviews were conducted with ten people and analyzed through the usage of thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in ten themes: definition of the concept empowerment, the meaning of empowerment in the present project, equality between participants and staff, appreciation and encouragement, to make one's voice heard, to find one's place, economy, the importance of social interaction, responsibility and initiative, and self-worth. The analysis revealed that empowerment as a concept can have many different meanings for participants in an empowerment project. The results are discussed in relation to psychological theory, such as sense of coherence, humanistic motivational theories and locus of control. Implications for future research are presented.

The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of empowerment among individuals taking part in an empowerment project for people being unemployed. Semistructured interviews were conducted with ten people and analyzed through the usage of thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in ten themes: definition of the concept empowerment, the meaning of empowerment in the present project, equality between participants and staff, appreciation and encouragement, to make one's voice heard, to find one's place, economy, the importance of social interaction, responsibility and initiative, and self-worth. The analysis revealed that empowerment as a concept can have many different meanings for participants in an empowerment project. The results are discussed in relation to psychological theory, such as sense of coherence, humanistic motivational theories and locus of control. Implications for future research are presented.

Persons with disabilities encounter unequal access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRH). However, improving access to SRH remains a public health challenge, especially for this population in Bangladesh. This study explores the SRH-related care experiences and quality of services provided to PWDs in Dhaka city, along with the narratives of their personal struggles and vulnerabilities in navigating SRH issues in a society where they are often unseen and unheard. The research involved fifty semistructured in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions to assess the needs and challenges associated with SRH. Participants were selected using a network sampling method. The data were coded and classified using thematic analysis. The participants were generally young, with an average age of 22 (SD = 2.7). More than three-quarters (84.0%) of the respondents were visually impaired since birth, and 16% had been physically impaired for an extended period of time. The results show that persons with disabilities often lack awareness about their SRH needs, and they have limited access to sex education. Most participants were typically hesitant to seek SRH services due to a lack of understanding, stigma, discrimination and the perception that these services are not essential. Persons with disabilities highlighted the necessity for disabilityinclusive built environments within healthcare facilities and the support from health assistants with greater inclusion of female healthcare workers.

Praca socjalna w rozumieniu przepisów ustawy o pomocy społecznej to działalność zawodowa mającą na celu pomoc osobom i rodzinom we wzmacnianiu lub odzyskiwaniu zdolności do funkcjonowania w społeczeństwie poprzez pełnienie odpowiednich ról społecznych oraz tworzenie warunków sprzyjających temu celowi 1 . Doprecyzowując definicję pracy socjalnej ustawodawca rozwija zakres tej działalności stanowiąc, że "praca socjalna prowadzona jest z osobami i rodzinami w celu rozwinięcia lub wzmocnienia ich aktywności i samodzielności życiowej lub (…) dla zaspokajania potrzeb członków społeczności" 2 . Jednym ze sposobów, prawdopodobnie kluczowym, we wzmocnieniu aktywności i samodzielności życiowej osób z niepełnosprawnością jest ich aktywizacja zawodowa. Formalnie przebiega ona przez cały okres realizacji obowiązku szkolnego. Na nim też się nie kończy, osoby z niepełną sprawnością na zasadach ogólnych uczestniczą w procesie uczenia się przez całe życie. Funkcjonowanie osoby niepełnosprawnej na rynku pracy ma dla niej fundamentalne znaczenie. Szansa realizacji ról zawodowych w oczekiwaniach każdego

The school tends to emphasize the academic performance of the students. Academic competence has great importance in personal life 1. It leads to better adjustment and success in school or college. It motivates the students to set high goals for themselves. Academic performance also predicts the future of the student to a great extent. Some researchers conducted studies to see the effect of social skills on academic achievement and school adjustment 2. Behaviour refers to how one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others. It can

This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Redistribution -no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, nontransferable, individual and limited right to using this document. This document is solely intended for your personal, noncommercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated conditions of use. Wandel der Altersstrukturen -Widersprüche und Zukunftsszenarien www.sws-rundschau.at SWS-Rundschau (. Jg.) Heft /: - In den letzten 20 Jahren ist über den Alterungsprozess der Bevölkerungen in den Industriestaaten so intensiv wie nie zuvor diskutiert worden. Ein nicht unerheblicher Teil dieser Diskussion legt den Schluss nahe, dass eine ständig wachsende Gruppe von Menschen -die Älteren -als eine Belastung oder gar als ein Risiko für die Zukunft angesehen wird. Hier sind differenzierte Analysen nötig. In der Debatte über den Alterungsprozess dominieren Perspektiven, die auf steigende Belastungen für die Gesellschaft durch eine alternde Bevölkerung ausgerichtet sind und die den Beitrag älterer Menschen für die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung problematisieren. Diesen Sichtweisen wird mit Argumenten begegnet, die auf Basis von Forschungsbefunden eine Relativierung der heute gängigen Altersbilder ermöglichen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Überlegungen zur »Produktivität« des Alters und Szenarien für die Zukunft des Alters formuliert.

The National Sample Survey report (2018) in India describes that the prevalence of disability is 2.2 %, which is similar to the figures from the 2011 census i.e. In India of the 2011 census, there were 2.68 crores of persons living with disabilities. In 2006, the Indian Government framed a national policy for differently-abled persons covering the prevention and rehabilitation of disabilities. It also focuses on the rehabilitation of women and children with disabilities, facilitating a barrier-free environment, improving social security, initiating research, and formulating guidelines, among others. Later after 15 years, in 2021, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment released a draft National Policy for Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan). The scenario in 2021 has faced many changes compared to that of 2006. One important legislative development was the implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act in 2016, followed by the adoption of the National Education Policy in 2020. In better alignment with global initiatives, India ratified UNCRPD and acceded to various international resolutions directly or indirectly related to PwDs. The paper illustrates India's National policy for persons with disabilities. Generally, governments' policies are a means and mechanism for addressing the needs of citizens. Even in terms of disability, this existing policy and the new draft is a vehicle of sought-after change, which is the empowerment and inclusion of PwDs. Hence, the policy should consider the needs of the recipients and that it can meet those needs. The purpose of the current paper is to analyse the current policy as well as the recent draft policy, its strengths and weaknesses, and to identify areas that need attention.

Wstęp: Młodzieńcze idiopatyczne zapalenie stawów (MIZS) należy do grupy chorób zapalnych, przewlekłych, o nieznanej etiologii. Ustalenie takiego rozpoznania jest zawsze wyzwaniem dla rodziców, ponieważ muszą się oni zmierzyć z licznymi nowymi obowiązkami, do których na ogół nie są przygotowani ani merytorycznie, ani emocjonalnie. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu czasu trwania choroby na życie rodziny i dziecka. Analizie poddano wiedzę rodziców na temat choroby w kontekście usprawniania narządu ruchu. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono w 2009 r. w Instytucie Reumatologii, wśród rodziców dzieci hospitalizowanych w Klinice Wieku Rozwojowego, Klinice Rehabilitacji Reumatologicznej i Poradni Reumatologicznej. Posłużono się badaniem diagnostycznym jako metodą badawczą; autorski kwestionariusz ankiety służył do weryfikacji uzyskanych wyników. Wyniki: Uzyskane dane dowodzą, że MIZS wpływa na codzienne życie chorych dzieci oraz ich rodzin. Badani rodzice mają podstawową wiedzę na temat choroby. Wnioski: 1. Wykazano potrzebę profilaktycznej edukacji rodziców chorych dzieci, szczególnie w początkowym okresie choroby, bez względu na jej postać. 2. Najlepszą metodą przekazywania wiedzy praktycznej wydaje się dialog. 3. Indywidualne podejście do dysfunkcji narządu ruchu dziecka pozostaje nadrzędnym celem ochrony stawów w wieku rozwojowym.

FR : En France, les politiques du handicap et les politiques du grand âge constituaient depuis les années 1990 deux champs distincts de l’action publique. En dépit de la création en 2020 de la cinquième branche de la Sécurité sociale, le questionnement de la barrière d’âge au niveau national apparaît largement inachevé. Les politiques de vieillesse ayant fait l’objet, comme les politiques du handicap, d’un processus de décentralisation, il importe de resserrer la focale sur la mise en oeuvre à l’échelon départemental d’un service public de l’autonomie unique. Cet article explore l’hypothèse de la constitution par les conseils départementaux d’une nouvelle « catégorie d’action publique » en lieu et place des « personnes âgées dépendantes » et « personnes handicapées ». Afin d’éclairer ce questionnement, une analyse documentaire a été menée. Les organigrammes des conseils départementaux français ont été examinés, tout comme les outils de planification − les schémas autonomie. En complément, une campagne d’entretiens semi-directifs a été initiée auprès des cadres de l’un des conseils départementaux. Bien qu’inaboutie, la convergence, à l’échelon départemental, des politiques du handicap et des politiques du grand âge se donne à voir dans la réorganisation des services, dans les choix d’instruments, à travers le travail cognitif d’identification d’enjeux communs et dans la mise en place de dispositifs communs. La compréhension de chacune des strates de cette convergence nécessite son insertion dans une pluralité de dynamiques à l’oeuvre en matière de transformation de l’action publique. La dynamique de rapprochement est en outre différenciée d’un département à l’autre.

Mots clés : politiques de l’autonomie, politiques départementales, barrière d’âge

EN: In France, disability policies and policies for the elderly have been two distinct fields of public action since the 1990s. Despite the creation of the fifth branch of Social Security in 2020, questioning the age barrier at the national level appears largely incomplete. Both elderly and disability policies have undergone a process of decentralization, thus it is important to focus on the implementation at the departmental level of a single public service for autonomy. This article explores the hypothesis of the establishment by departmental councils of a new « category of public action » in place of « dependent elderly » and « disabled persons. » To shed light on this issue, a documentary analysis was conducted. The organizational charts of French departmental councils were examined, as well as planning tools − autonomy schemes. In addition, a campaign of semi-structured interviews was initiated with executives from one of the departmental councils. Although incomplete, the convergence, at the departmental level, of disability policies and policies for the elderly can be seen in service reorganizations, choice of instruments, through cognitive work of identifying common issues, and in the establishment of common mechanisms. Understanding each layer of this convergence requires its integration into a plurality of dynamics at work in the transformation of public action. Furthermore, the convergence dynamic varies from one department to another.

Keywords: policies of autonomy, departmental policies, age structuring

Tematyka pracy dotyczy neurodydaktyki, czyli procesu w nauczaniu, które jest obecne w naszym życiu. Szczególnie istotne jest właściwe podejście dydaktyczne do młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym. Ze względu na różne potrzeby rozwojowe tej grupy, proces edukacji i rehabilitacji powinien odbywać się na podstawie indywidualnych programów edukacyjno-terapeutycznych. Kształcenie osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną winno mieć charakter całościowy, zintegrowany, oparty na wielozmysłowym poznawaniu świata. Zatem nauczyciele i specjaliści kształcący osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną powinni opracować oddzielne programy z propozycją konkretnych celów, metod, środków i form współpracy. Podstawową zasadą pracy z osobami z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jest wybór właściwej metody, która umożliwi ukształtowanie pozytywnego stosunku do własnej niepełnosprawności oraz opanowanie umiejętności skutecznego radzenia sobie z wymaganiami życia codziennego.
W niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono główną hipotezę, że zastosowanie technik neurodydaktycznych w procesie edukacyjnym znacząco poprawi możliwości nauki młodzieży z umiarkowaną niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.
Przeprowadzone w ramach niniejszej monografii naukowej badania, dotyczące m.in. informacji o respondentach, wpływie zastosowania technik neurodydaktycznych w procesie edukacyjnym, wpływie technik wizualnych poprawiających pamięć semantyczną, informacji o oddziaływaniu aktywności fizycznej w połączeniu z technikami neurodydaktycznymi na poprawę pamięci epizodycznej, potwierdziły tezę oraz zasadność i celowość podjęcia tematyki. Przedstawione wyniki badań ukazują, jak istotny jest wpływ stosowania technik neurodydaktycznych w procesie edukacyjnym młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym.

En France, les politiques du handicap et les politiques du grand âge constituaient depuis les années 1990 deux champs distincts de l’action publique. En dépit de la création en 2020 de la cinquième branche de la Sécurité sociale, le questionnement de la barrière d’âge au niveau national apparaît largement inachevé. Les politiques de vieillesse ayant fait l’objet, comme les politiques du handicap, d’un processus de décentralisation, il importe de resserrer la focale sur la mise en oeuvre à l’échelon départemental d’un service public de l’autonomie unique. Cet article explore l’hypothèse de la constitution par les conseils départementaux d’une nouvelle « catégorie d’action publique » en lieu et place des « personnes âgées dépendantes » et « personnes handicapées ». Afin d’éclairer ce questionnement, une analyse documentaire a été menée. Les organigrammes des conseils départementaux français ont été examinés, tout comme les outils de planification − les schémas autonomie. En complément, une campagne d’entretiens semi-directifs a été initiée auprès des cadres de l’un des conseils départementaux. Bien qu’inaboutie, la convergence, à l’échelon départemental, des politiques du handicap et des politiques du grand âge se donne à voir dans la réorganisation des services, dans les choix d’instruments, à travers le travail cognitif d’identification d’enjeux communs et dans la mise en place de dispositifs communs. La compréhension de chacune des strates de cette convergence nécessite son insertion dans une pluralité de dynamiques à l’œuvre en matière de transformation de l’action publique. La dynamique de rapprochement est en outre différenciée d’un département à l’autre.

Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de

Despite recognizing the profound relevance of Indigenous knowledges to the relational turn, few posthuman design researchers elaborate on the considerations and implications of working from these rich sources of insight for material practice. In this paper, I develop an attention to the Indigenous relational framework of Right Relations in design from the perspective of studentship, considering how Indigenous ethical frameworks might be engaged with from the position of a non-Indigenous person. Building on insights from my own research experience in foraging for design materials, I use narratives to exemplify part of what attending to Right Relations in design implies. I articulate these implications through lessons learned in my studentship: prioritizing relationship over skill, reconciling working cycles to Mother Earth's, and respecting the histories and original peoples of the lands where materials hail from. These practices position a view of relational design that increases dialogue across posthuman design and decolonization, works to uproot systems of colonial industrial capitalism in material practice, and highlights a need for a post-secular paradigm in posthuman design.

Society often sees people with disabilities as different from the norm, leading to a history of treating them as less than human. This disadvantage is even more pronounced for women with disabilities. They face a constant uphill battle against societal and family barriers. Violence, marginalization, and injustice are sadly common in their daily lives. Additionally, lack of resources for proper care, support, and opportunities for economic advancement further hinders their progress. Even though international laws protect their access to healthcare, education, and work, ingrained prejudice and negative stereotypes create major obstacles for girls and women with disabilities. This paper explores the consequences of prejudice against both disability and gender, and how gender shapes the experience of disability.

Legislative reform for disability inclusion. • Improvement of implementation of existing policies. • Investment in accessible infrastructure. • Tailored financial support and resources. • Support for disability-friendly business training. • Promotion of disability-sensitive entrepreneurship education. • Awareness campaigns to combat stigma. • Engagement with disabled entrepreneurs in policy development. • Incentives for inclusive businesses. Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, fostering innovation, and creating employment opportunities. This dynamism is particularly significant in developing countries like Nigeria, where traditional employment opportunities are limited, and the informal sector thrives. However, the participation of Persons Living with Disabilities (PLWDs) in entrepreneurial activities has historically been constrained by various systemic barriers, including limited access to education, social stigmatization, and inadequate policy support (Dakung et al. 2019, Dakung et al. 2022). Research on entrepreneurship among PLWDs in Nigeria has evolved over the years, examining the unique challenges and opportunities faced by this demographic. This body of work highlights the critical role of entrepreneurship education in equipping PLWDs with the skills and knowledge necessary to start and sustain successful ventures. It also underscores the importance of supportive policies and initiatives that can mitigate the disadvantages faced by PLWDs in the entrepreneurial landscape. Despite the progress made, significant gaps remain in research, policy and practice. This section therefore, provides an overview of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education as a policy

Masturbation is frequently referenced as a key issue for supporting the sexuality of people with learning disabilities, yet the subject has received little attention in the professional and academic literature. This article provides an overview of masturbation in relation to service responses and user support in sexuality work in learning disability more widely, drawing in evidence and experience from sex education, clinical work and staff training. Issues such as gender, sexuality, culture and consent are addressed and some of the commonly held myths and assumptions about sexuality and masturbation are challenged. The discussion and related suggestions are designed to be of value to service managers and practitioners, particularly those involved in sexuality work and one-to-one support.

Commercial technologies for notating music pose usage barriers to blind and visually impaired (BVI) musicians because they use graphic user interfaces and only produce visual, print scores. However, more research to date has studied how to make existing scores available in braille or large print rather than understand the needs and workfows of BVI musicians who notate new music. To address this gap, we conducted a six-week remote study in which six BVI musicians with wide-ranging backgrounds wrote original music culminating in a live performance. To create their scores, participants used SoundCells, a product of ongoing co-design and testing with BVI musicians that uses text to generate audio, print, and braille music. Across three interviews, participants ofered diverse and nuanced views of how text input could facilitate creative expression. We uncovered how vision ability, music experience, and assistive technology preference afected how music was accessed and traversed. From this research, we provide design recommendations for improving SoundCells' input and output systems, discuss how visual cues embedded in SoundCells' syntax make learning and remembering harder for people who can't view it, and refect on how our chosen methods resulted in high engagement. • Human-centered computing → Accessibility technologies; Sound-based input / output.

region of the world, an area where there is no regional court or commission; and (3) participated in the building of the DRICAP website by researching and analyzing all disability rights lawbased developments in specified Asian and Pacific nations, and by preparing them for website posting and distribution. About twothirds of the way through the semester, four of the students (including three of the co-authors of this article) participated with MLP at New York Law School's "Faculty-Student Presentation Day," presenting the work in-progress on the DRICAP initiative to faculty and other students. 7 We have chosen to write this article to share with others the work that we have done through this clinic to serve as a tool for social change, to improve access to justice on behalf of persons with disabilities, and, we hope, to inspire other clinicians and students to engage in similar projects on behalf of disabled persons in other parts of the world. In Part II, MLP describes the evolution of the DRTAP idea, how he structured the course, what work was assigned, how the classroom sessions operated, how the nations were chosen, how "key players" in the nations in question were chosen as contacts, and how-for about half of the second semester-the class was broken up into overlapping groups of two to three students for intensive work with MLP. In Part III, five of the participating students will explain how they went about their work, including the pitfalls, the challenges, and the breakthroughs that they encountered along the way. 8 In Part IV, MLP retrospectively reconsiders the work completed, how the clinic served to teach students how to be more vigorous advocates, and its expected value for advocates in the regions in question and for persons with disabilities in the included nations. This Part is divided into two sections. Part A. describes the evolution of DRTAP 7. See Faculty/Student Presentation Day, NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL, (last visited Jan. 5, 2016). 8. These contributions are written in the individual "voices" of the students to reflect their personal thoughts about clinic participation.

Few concepts have captured the imagination of the conflict and development communities in recent years as powerfully as the idea of a ‘political settlement’. At its most ambitious, ‘political settlements analysis’ (PSA) promises to explain why conflicts occur and states collapse, the conditions for their successful rehabilitation, different developmental pathways from peace, and how to better fit development policy to country context. Yet despite the meteoric rise of the term and its tremendous promise, not all is well in the world of PSA. Rival definitions of the concept abound; there are disagreements about its scope and the way it should be used; a growing schism between conflict specialists and economists; basic concepts are ambiguous; and little progress has been made on measurement. This book consequently has three main aims. The first is to argue for a revised definition of a political settlement, capable of unifying its diverse strands. The second is to put the concept on a ...

Childcare is underdeveloped in Canada even though the country is a rich federation. Unlike many betterdeveloped social policies, childcare services are delivered primarily through voluntary, non-profit or commercial markets rather than by governments. This policy framework is disadvantageous for all children and families, and has particularly severe consequences for rural, remote and northern Canadians. This article provides an overview of childcare services outside of towns and cities, considering how Canada's political system of federalism and its liberal social welfare policy architecture work against high quality and equitable childcare services.

Comment reconnaîtrons-nous l'architecture chez l'habitant ? L'une des solutions consiste à chercher comment l'habitant exprime sa pratique des espaces et c'est par là que l'on pourra rendre compte de la situation de l'habitant par rapport à l'architecture dans la mesure où l'architecture, elle aussi, veut " faire exister " les espaces. Dialogue de sourds en prévision (…) » (H. Raymond, 1984, p. 183) Les logements du lotissement de Hay Moulay Rachid, dont il est question ici, ont été conçus dans le cadre d'une opération de résorption du bidonville de Ben M'sik à Casablanca. Le relogement de cette population d'environ 80 000 habitants dans un nouveau cadre social, territorial et architectural a provoqué un ensemble de recompositions territoriales, sociales et identitaires qui ont mis les habitants dans une situation de rupture avec leur passé « bidonvillois ». Leur délocalisation, leur passage d'un espace résidentiel occupé pour la plupart pendant plus de vingt ans -pour certains plus de quarante ans -les confrontent à une logique exogène, celle des institutions, des administrations, des techniciens et architectes, qui met en crise un territoire, des réseaux sociaux, des voisinages, des solidarités, des manières d'habiter l'espace domestique mais également l'espace public. Il s'agit d'un passage paradoxal dans la mesure où il cumule des valeurs d'ascension par le logement, d'amélioration des conditions d'habitat mais également des valeurs d'insécurité. Le relogement institue un temps marqué par 1 Arrif, Abdelmajid. « Composition architecturale et recompositions habitantes à Hay Moulay Rachid (Casablanca) ». Lieux et façons d'habiter, aujourd'hui,

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the discourse on disability has been shaped by a tension between self- and external categorization, between oppression and self-empowerment through language. The terms that were and are chosen to refer to people with disabilities can only be understood by taking into account the cultural and historical context of the respective periods. Conversely, language also provides crucial insights into historical ideologies and mindsets and thus into disability history. My presentation demonstrates that both historical studies and linguistics can benefit greatly from close collaboration. My research is part of the interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Centre 1482 "Human Differentiation" at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (cf. Hirschauer 2021). From the perspective of historical linguistics, it examines the lexical change in the discourse on disability from the beginning of the 20th century to contemporary language use, tracing which terms used to refer to people with disabilities have newly emerged during this period, which have disappeared (e.g., Schwerbeschädigte, Gebrechliche, erbkrank), and how these linguistic changes correlate with cultural and historical developments. For example, the Severely Disabled Persons Act of 1974 legally unified previously distinct categories (e.g., Kriegsbeschädigte, Krüppel) under a single linguistic label, thereby making their concerns and needs more visible. Furthermore, the study addresses semantic change: Which terms have become pejorative over time (e.g., Krüppel, Idiot, geisteskrank)? Has the meaning of disability expanded over the years (e.g., to include social disabilities)? (cf. e.g., Schmuhl 2007; Thomann 1992). Based on language corpora - large collections of historical and contemporary language data prepared for linguistic research - frequency developments of various linguistic forms are documented and visualized quantitatively. To trace how discourses on disability evolve, this analysis is supplemented by a qualitative perspective.

This report from the United States Commission on Civil Rights focuses specifically on the efforts of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to enforce Title II, Subtitle A of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits discrimination based on disability by public entities such as state and local governments. The report evaluates DOJ's regulations and policies clarifying the language of the statute; processing of complaints of discrimination based on disability; litigation; and outreach, education, and technical assistance efforts related to the Act. The Commission finds that DOJ's implementation and enforcement program for the Americans with Disabilities Act is generally adequate, given its limited resources and extensive responsibilities. It finds that DOJ's greatest strength is its technical assistance and outreach and education program, which is extremely effective and praised widely by agency stakeholders. Another strength is DOJ's innovative use of alternative dispute resolution or mediation techniques to resolve complaints of discrimination. A general weakness of DOJ, however, is that it appears unresponsive to the concerns and priories of its stakeholders. To ensure that all stakeholders have a voice in DOJ's decision making, the Commission recommends that a formal mechanism be instituted to obtain input from interested parties. (Contains over 700 references.) (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Among important specific failings the Commission identified in DOJ's title II, subtitle A, implementation and enforcement program is that DOJ does not develop and publish indepth policy guidance documents to clarify the meaning of the law and explain the reasoning behind the positions it takes in controversial areas. Instead, DOJ's Americans with Disabilities Act policy development is limited to its enforcement and technical assistance activities, such as investigation of complaints and negotiation of settlement agreements, filing of arnicus curiae briefs, and development and dissemination of technical assistance materials. The divergent rulings among Federal courts on title II issues reinforces the need for DOJ to develop and publish formal title II policy guidance. The Department of Justice is required by its regulations to investigate all charges of discrimination it receives under title II. The Commission found that DOJ does not have enough investigators to investigate all charges of discrimination received. Without additional investigators, the length of time it takes for a complaint to be resolved and the possibility that the complaint may never be investigated are increased. The Commission also found that DOJ has not directed sufficient resources toward establishing legal precedent that is binding on parties in subsequent cases. One significant obstacle has been that title II regulations require DOJ to attempt to negotiate a resolution to every complaint before considering litigation. However, the past has shown a positive result from more litigation efforts by DOJ in many areas affecting larger numbers of people, such as clarifying curb cuts and eliminating improper mental health inquiries in professional licensing procedures.

• Australia's global reputation as a rights-oriented, inclusive society increasingly contrasts with the experiences of those with disabilities, particularly those from Aboriginal and ethnically diverse origins. Notwithstanding the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the establishment of the NDIS, Australia's disability framework continues to be influenced by eugenic legacies, ingrained ableism, and systemic ethnocentrism. This paper refutes the concept of a post-discrimination environment, demonstrating how systemic exclusion is embedded within funding mechanisms, evaluation processes, and a lack of data transparency. Rights extend beyond mere legal obligations. Inclusion is not quantifiable through documentation or strategies but rather by the treatment, representation, and empowerment of individuals. To achieve genuine reform, it is essential to integrate cultural safety, collaborate with marginalised people in co-design, and eradicate structural unfairness. The CRPD serves merely as a foundation; justice necessitates transcending mere conformity.

Artykuł przedstawia teoretyczne ujęcie problematyki dotyczącej edukacji i komunikacji dzieci
z autyzmem. Skupia się na założeniach dotyczących dysfunkcji umiejętności komunikacyjnych
występujących wśród dzieci i proponuje funkcjonalne podejście do nauczania i rozwijania
kompetencji porozumiewania się. W tekście zostały opisane główne komponenty funkcjonalnej
edukacji, a także ogólna analiza metody komunikacji funkcjonalnej stosowanej wśród dzieci
z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu, którą jest Picture Exchange Communication System.
Autyzm, jako całościowe zaburzenie rozwoju, wymaga stosowania odpowiednich i zapla￾nowanych strategii pracy terapeutycznej, które umożliwią dziecku w przyszłości w miarę
możliwości samodzielne życie w społeczeństwie.

Understanding each other's differences is critical to any successful relationship. The National Technical Institute for the Deaf at RIT has been holding workshops for employers around the country that not only help them better understand deafness, but provide hands-on practice for integrating deaf workers into the hearing workplace. Employers tell us these workshops have helped answer the questions and alleviate concerns people naturally have when working for the first time with someone with hearing loss.

I. THE PROBLEM OF INACCESSIBLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT .............................. 19 ... A. Examination Tables and Pelvic Exams ....................................... 22 ... C. Mammography Machines and Breast Health ............................. 26 ... II. LEGAL GUARANTEES OF EQUAL ACCESS ...................... ...

This chapter is an update to Minkowitz's "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Right to be Free from Nonconsensual Psychiatric Interventions" first published in 2007 (and appearing in this volume). It demonstrates that the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (official monitoring body for the Convention) and UN Special Rapporteurs on Torture have confirmed much of the interpretation and approach I argued for, including a strong and clear prohibition of nonconsensual psychiatric interventions, applying the torture framework, and reparations.

Accepted version of the manuscript, cite as Minkowitz, T. (2024). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Right to be free from nonconsensual Psychiatric Interventions: An update on its interpretation by UN mechanisms. In A. Cantú, E. Maisel, & C. Ruby (Eds.), Institutionalized Madness: The Interplay of Psychiatry and Society’s Institutions (pp. 119–135). Ethics Press.

In the fall of 2010, the Mexican Supreme Court sponsored an international conference on human rights clinics to celebrate the launch of a new clinic at a prestigious law school in Mexico City. 1 A colleague from the United States was invited to speak from a clinical perspective about impact litigation, or strategic litigation as it is known in Latin American parlance, because the newly inaugurated Mexican clinic would have such a focus. Instead, the American professor challenged the conference participants to think about better

Previous research of environmental groups and social movements underline the potential of alliances between groups to increase their aggregate impact. Through a case study of a cooperation between the climate action group Code Rood and the environmental interest organization Groninger Bodem Beweging, the thesis examines cooperation between the European movement for climate justice and locally based environmental groups. The aim is to attain a deeper understanding of the gains and restrictions of such cooperation in order to strengthen the groups being studied. The material of six semi-structured interviews with people from both groups is analyzed through resource mobilization theory as well as Gould, Schaniberg and Weiberg’s concept transnational treadmill of production and Nixon’s notion of slow violence. The results indicate that alliances between the groups can improve the mobilizing structures of local groups and bring appealing framing possibilities for the global climate justi...

Can simitleri olup bize ölü olarak görünen varlık nedir? Gözcünün varlığı bizi
ötekileştiren şey ise yabancılaşan varlık kimdir? Varlığı ayırt eden diyar kimin diyarıdır?
Gözcüye görünmeden sihir diyarına girilecekse görünmeden nasıl çıkılacak? Eğer gözcüye
görünmeden girilecekse sihir diyarının hükmü kalır mı? Gözcüyü yok etmenin bir yolu yoksa
gözcüyü var eden nedir? Bu soruların cevaplarını bulmak adına çıkılan “Panoptik Evren”
aslında “Sihir Diyarı”nın ta kendisidir. Bu evrenin yapısı, havası ve varlığı iliklerinize kadar
işlerken “Ben” kavramının nasıl değiştiği ve varlık ile arasına nasıl mesafe koymaya çalıştığı,
sizi gözetimin içerisine hapsederek gözetenin kendisi yaptığı, kısacası “GÜÇ” ve “GÖZ” ile
her şeyi kontrol ettiği ve değiştirdiği açık-seçik ortaya çıkar.

The promotion of inclusive education remains one of the foremost challenges of contemporary educational policies, requiring the transcendence of normative rhetoric and the implementation of transformative pedagogical practices. In this context, the Wonder Learning Approach proposes a reconfiguration of the teaching and learning process, centred on the pedagogy of wonder, the appreciation of diversity, and the creation of more equitable educational environments. This article critically analyses the potential and the constraints associated with the implementation of this model, with particular emphasis on the development of accessible pedagogical materials, the use of adapted technological resources, and the significance of the European project Wonder Learning for Digital Natives. It concludes that the effective realisation of inclusive education demands a structural transformation of school contexts and a firm ethical and political commitment to social equity. that the effective realization of inclusive education requires the structural transformation of school contexts and an ethical and political commitment to social equity.

The papers submitted for the purpose of the summit form the content of this publication. They include academic articles, interviews with Swedish civil servants and politicians and articles from civil society organisations. They reflect the diverse angles from which this topic can and should be addressed. We hope it will be a useful resource for politicians, civil servants working in local government and researchers and practitioners interested in human rights implementation at the local level.

M aria Reimann była wybitną polską antropolożką i badaczką relacji rodzinnych. W ramach Interdyscyplinarnego Zespołu Badań nad Dzieciństwem na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim uczestniczyła w projektach badawczych dotyczących nowych technologii reprodukcyjnych, zespołu Turnera i zdrowia widzianego z perspektywy dzieci. Otrzymała też grant NCN Opus na projekt poświęcony wychowywaniu dzieci w opiece naprzemiennej. W swojej pracy badawczej Reimann realizowała etyczne i metodologiczne postulaty badań nad dzieciństwem (childhood studies) -była współautorką Kodeksu dobrych praktyk w badaniach z dziećmi prowadzonych z perspektywy nauk społecznych, zależało jej na dobrostanie i upodmiotowieniu badanych osób. Poza własnymi badaniami Reimann zajmowała się też pracą translatorską, była cenioną tłumaczką specjalizującą się w książkach o tematyce psychologicznej. Przetłumaczyła m.in. Bliskie spotkania z uzależnieniem. W świecie głodnych duchów Gabora Maté, książkę Lewis Judith Herman Trauma. Od przemocy domowej do terroru politycznego i Petera A. Levina Trauma i pamięć. Mózg i ciało w poszukiwaniu autentycznej przeszłości. "Almanach Antropologiczny" poświęcony tematyce praktyk piśmiennych i laboratoriów humanistycznych jest dobrą okazją, żeby wrócić do pionierskiej książki Reimann, w której przełamywała ona granice między piśmiennictwem naukowym a osobistą eseistyką. Nie przywitam się z państwem na ulicy to książka oparta na badaniach kobiet z zespołem Turnera, prowadzonych przez autorkę wspólnie z innymi badaczkami z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Z pozoru może ona wydawać się pozycją popularyzatorską, w której efekty badań naukowych zostają zaprezentowane zrozumiałym językiem i opublikowane przez uznane wydawnictwo. Reimann jednak decyduje się w niej na coś szczególnego: podejmuje się uprawiania humanistyki na kanwie osobistego doświadczenia, łączy etnogra ę z autoetnogra ą i dzieli się z czytelniczką swoją historią. Autorka wychodzi od własnego doświadczenia niepełnosprawności, jej własne ciało prowadzi ją przez tematy zdrowia, choroby i relacji społecznych, które im towarzyszą. W tym sensie można uznać, że jej książka należy do nurtu autoteoretycznego, w którym osobiste doświadczenia, zwłaszcza te cielesne, stają się podstawą pogłębionego eseju 2 . Twórcy autoteorii to między innymi Paul B. Preciado, Maggie Nelson i Chris Kraus, czyli badacze łączący autobiogra ę z teorią krytyczną i wytwarzający w ten sposób wiedzę usytuowaną w konkretnym ciele. Autoteoria jest często tworzona z pozycji mniejszościowych -zwrócenie uwagi na perspektywę

https://compositionforum.com/issue/39/cynthia-lewiecki-wilson-interview.php
This interview tracks the early days of the field, the importance of mentorship, and the work we have left to do. We opted for an informal conversation, conducted over Skype in late 2017. The interview is a testament to Cynthia's brilliance and humility.

When planning a new patio, driveway paving, or walkway, choosing the right material is crucial. Among the popular options, Landscaping design , interlocking pavers and concrete stand out for their distinct advantages and challenges. In this comprehensive guide, we'll compare these materials based on durability, cost, maintenance, aesthetics, and more to help you make an informed decision. Understanding Interlock and Concrete Materials Interlock Pavers: Interlock pavers are versatile, offering an array of design options with various sizes, colors, and textures. These individual units fit together, creating a flexible surface that adapts to ground movements. This flexibility makes them particularly suitable in areas exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. Concrete: Concrete offers a continuous, seamless surface that can be customized with stamping, texturing, or polishing. While concrete is strong and durable, it is susceptible to cracking, especially in regions with significant temperature changes. Cost Considerations When selecting a material, budget plays a pivotal role.

College television newscasts serve as training grounds for future broadcast journalists and should help students understand emerging trends in the field, such as social media use and developing web and multimedia skills. Increasingly, television news websites need to connect with technologically diverse audiences and the industry is under increasing legal pressure to make its websites more accessible, particularly in terms of captioning. In addition, with smartphone use becoming almost ubiquitous and people turning to their smartphones as news sources, the industry needs to make sure their websites are responsive to mobile devices. This study examined award winning college television news websites to see if they are preparing students for the realities of communicating with technologically diverse audiences, by examining website mobile readiness and accessibility, including captioning adoption. While most sites were usable on mobile devices, about a quarter did not offer captioning, and there were wide spread accessibility problems.

For individuals living with a disability, maintaining a clean and safe home environment is essential for comfort, health, and overall well-being. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was designed to support Australians with disabilities by offering tailored services that promote independence-and one of those essential supports is the NDIS cleaning service. What is an NDIS Cleaning Service? An NDIS cleaning service refers to professional cleaning support funded under the NDIS plan. These services are intended to assist participants who may be unable to manage household cleaning tasks on their own due to physical, cognitive, or mental health challenges. These cleaning services are generally categorized under "Assistance with Daily Living" or "Core Supports" in a participant's plan. They may include regular home cleaning, deep cleaning, and help with maintaining hygiene standards, depending on the participant's specific needs.