Disability Rights

This article analyzes a recently published memoir entitled Wczoraj byłaś zła na zielono (Yesterday You Were Angry in Green) by Eliza Kącka. The memoir tells the story of raising an autistic child by a nondisabled mother. The article employs disability studies tools to think of the book and examines why the author refrains from using a word "autism" while listing the symptoms and naming the therapies her daughter attends. It argues that the memoir constitutes a continuum of nondisabled mothers' confessions about raising children with disabilities, and explores the ways in which Kącka grapples with the fundamental concepts of disability studies such as access and diagnosis. For example, it shows how Kącka reformulates the concept of access without identifying a barrier that prevents her from accessing her daughter's world. In other words, the memoir discusses her longing for access to her daughter's inner experiences, but does not identify what makes getting access impossible. As such, the memoir departs from more mainstream accounts of autism that depict it as a "thief" or "terrorist" who "steals" children. Moreover, the article considers the author's approach toward diagnosis and juxtaposes it with autistic people's experiences of getting autism diagnosis. As a result, the article shows that while mothers' accounts of living and raising disabled children are crucial for understanding disability in Poland, they cannot be the only source of knowledge about disability.

P ojęcie "autyzm" użyte zostało po raz pierwszy w 1910 r. przez szwajcar- skiego psychiatrę Eugena Bleulera w formie objawu choroby psychicznej -schizofrenii 1 . W tym kontekście oznaczało skupienie się na "ja" poprzez wycofanie się z relacji społecznych i zamknięcie się we "własnym świecie". Bleuler opisuje myślenie autystyczne (dereistyczne) jako takie, które utraciwszy kontakt ze światem zewnętrznym, przestaje się nim interesować. Takie myślenie powodowane jest nie nastawieniem na cele, ale wypełnianiem pożądań, działaniem pod wpływem afektu. Ewolucja rozumienia tego stanu rozpoczęła się dzięki pracy Hansa Aspergera zaczętej w 1938 r., który zwrócił uwagę, że takie zachowania nie dotyczą wyłącznie osób psychotycznych 2 . W tekście "'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood" zajmuje się dziećmi z zaburzeniem osobowości -psychopatią 3 . Pediatra wychodzi od znaczenia opisywanego przez Bleulera, przejmując je dla opisania autystycznego psychopaty. W 1941 r. użycie słowa "autyzm" zbliżyło się do współczesnego rozumienia tego zaburzenia w publikacji Leo Kannera 4 . W swoim raporcie Kanner opisuje przypadki jedenastu dzieci z podobnymi zaburzeniami behawioralnymi, wprowadzając pojęcie autyzmu wczesnodziecięcego.

The research aimed to highlight the responsiveness of existing health care systems in Pakistan towards addressing Sexual and Reproductive Health & Rights (SRH&R) concerns of young people with the lens of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially (Goal 3.7) with the focus on youth. This descriptive research used the inductive approach of theory. It fixed qualitative design to research the health care system of Pakistan by reviewing the available secondary data resources, e.g., official documents, reports, websites, and online resources of the relevant departments and organizations. Results highlight that in Pakistan, 64% of the population consists of young people. It is reviewed that Pakistan's existing health care system is insignificantly responsive towards the SRH&R needs of young people and contribution to achieving SDG, especially (Goal 3.7) with a special focus on youth. These policies and programs at the provincial and local level programs are limited to reproductive health issues (maternal health, family planning, and child health) and the needs of married women only. On the other hand, the existing health care systems, mainly private and non-governmental, are addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) needs of young people, which is insufficient due to limited infrastructure and delivery networks. The research provided insight into the significant programs and interventions and policies implemented, including gaps and challenges in the health care system in Pakistan for addressing SRH&R concerns of young people and contribution in achieving SDG, especially (Goal 3.7) with a special focus on youth.

Persons with disabilities often live in the margins, being excluded by the system as well by the impairments they experience. A pandemic such as COVID-19, further pushes them into invisibility, unless active attempts are made to consider them as entitled to the same care as others. This paper explores the manner in which pandemic pushes people with disabilities further into the margins, thus experiencing exclusion. The changes that the pandemic has brought in comes with a price that all people have to pay, However the social and economic costs that people with disabilities experience are uniquely different. The article focuses on economic and social marginalisation that ensues the pandemic and the state response and the struggles that PWD had to experience. Further this is compounded by social exclusion and 'othering' that not only complicates their life, but also worsens stigmatising practices. The paper discusses the interplay of the macro context, the market and life within the home that has altered during the pandemic.

This study systematically reviewed and thematically analyzed studies that investigated psychosocial support services provided to Syrian refugees with disabilities between 2011 and 2020. Nine studies published in the English language were identified from database searches (Google Scholar, PsychInfo, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and Scopus). Results showed that the forms of psychosocial support services provided to Syrian refugees with disabilities were varied based on the nature of the study and the disability type. The results also provided detailed information about methods, participants, and findings of the identified studies. The thematic analysis results identified six themes that represent the factors related to the psychosocial support services, which were assessment, mental health, psychological well-being, rehabilitation, social participation, and vulnerability. This study provided a set of recommendations that may improve the quality of mental health and psychosocial support services provided to Syrian refugees with disabilities and their families, which are professional development, researches, and policy reforming.

The study examined the possible strategies that could encourage effective growth and spread of the nonoil sector in the country and possibly influence the youths with empowerment. The paper surveyed some available locally sourced strategies in the non-sector within or among the states in the country that would yield profitable returns and engage the Nigerians youths with jobs and wealth creation and for sustainable national development. Findings from the study emerged that entrepreneurs who invested their resources in the sector today have recorded a very big success in the country. Also, youths who are exposed to fully engagement in the non-oil sector are better placed to create jobs for themselves and others. The paper concludes that, strategies for diversification of non-oil sector contribute significantly to youth empowerment and improved economy in the country.

Persons with disabilities encounter unequal access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRH). However, improving access to SRH remains a public health challenge, especially for this population in Bangladesh. This study explores the SRH-related care experiences and quality of services provided to PWDs in Dhaka city, along with the narratives of their personal struggles and vulnerabilities in navigating SRH issues in a society where they are often unseen and unheard. The research involved fifty semistructured in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions to assess the needs and challenges associated with SRH. Participants were selected using a network sampling method. The data were coded and classified using thematic analysis. The participants were generally young, with an average age of 22 (SD = 2.7). More than three-quarters (84.0%) of the respondents were visually impaired since birth, and 16% had been physically impaired for an extended period of time. The results show that persons with disabilities often lack awareness about their SRH needs, and they have limited access to sex education. Most participants were typically hesitant to seek SRH services due to a lack of understanding, stigma, discrimination and the perception that these services are not essential. Persons with disabilities highlighted the necessity for disabilityinclusive built environments within healthcare facilities and the support from health assistants with greater inclusion of female healthcare workers.

How can we make the digital performing arts truly accessible?

Written by experts at metaLAB at Harvard, this pioneering study explores the urgent need to rethink digital access in the performing arts. Drawing on comparative research across the US, UK, EU and Australia, it examines how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed both the potential and the shortcomings of digital programming, particularly for disabled and marginalized audiences. Through rich case studies and critical legal analysis, it advocates for a new global framework that balances copyright protection with the human right to culture.

This is an essential resource for policy makers, arts leaders, disability rights advocates and legal scholars seeking a more inclusive digital future.

REVIEWS:

‘This is an urgent and necessary book. It insists, without apology, that digital access to performance is not a luxury, but a lifeline – a matter of both disability rights and human rights. By offering practical tools for theatre makers to reach disabled, elderly, homebound and geographically isolated audiences – as well as the digital natives who grew up online – it challenges our field to expand its horizons and embrace the communities that sustained it during the darkest months of the pandemic. In doing so, it calls upon artists, institutions and funders alike to imagine a future of both access and artistry.’ Anne Bogart, Columbia University

‘Polemically embracing disabled communities’ Right to Art, Digital Access marshals legal and cultural experts to assess inhibiting policies in a livestreaming age. Differently-abled folks were able to access culture with unprecedented ease during the coronavirus pandemic, when pivoting to digital online performance suddenly became urgent. The current book gathers the data about how this historical event enlarged audiences and became dramatically more inclusive – but also reveals the absence of any economic model to sustain it. Magda Romanska, tireless theorizer of transmedia and performance studies, here summons a team of legal experts and digital mavens to report on how online accessibility is faring across cultures in the Anglophone world. Extending the Future Stage manifesto that framed live performance within online culture and accessibility, Digital Access posits streaming as a new creative vehicle of inclusive, dynamic, dramaturgical might.’ Caroline Jones, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The contemporary legal and ethical landscape is undergoing a transformation. Traditional rights frameworks focused solely on human dignity are now expanding to address the moral and legal standing of animals and nature.

This article proposes a unified legal framework that integrates human rights, animal rights, and nature rights under the rule of law, civil liberties, and the separation of powers.

Building on the foundational legacy of the Magna Carta, and incorporating modern legal instruments such as the Care Act 2014 and the Housing Act 1998, this article argues that only through systemic legal evolution can sustainable and just societies emerge.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) promises to enhance women's reproductive autonomy by providing genetic information about the fetus, especially in the detection of genetic impairments like Down syndrome (DS). In practice, however, NIPT provides opportunities for intensified manipulation and control over women's reproductive decisions. Applying Miranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice to prenatal screening, this article analyzes how medical professionals impair reproductive decision-making by perpetuating testimonial injustice. They do so by discrediting positive parental testimony about what it is like to raise a child with DS. We argue that this testimonial injustice constitutes a twofold harm: (1) people with DS and their family members who claim that parenting a child with DS may be a rewarding and joyous experience are harmed when they are systematically silenced, disbelieved, and/or denied epistemic credibility by medical professionals, and (2) pregnant women are harmed since they might make poorly informed choices without access to all relevant information. The broader implication of the analysis is that epistemic justice is a precondition of reproductive autonomy. We conclude by calling for federal oversight of the acquisition and dissemination of information that prospective parents receive following a positive diagnosis of DS to ensure that it is comprehensive and up to date.

This paper explores the fragile yet vital architectures of equity as shaped by Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) laws and policies in the United States. Drawing on historical, political, philosophical, and ideological perspectives, it interrogates the ways DEIA both protects minorities and destabilizes dominant orders. The study employs an eclectic, postmodern methodology that integrates autobiographical reflection, interdisciplinary theory, and critical analysis of case studies in education, corporate practice, and public policy. Central to the argument is the metaphor of architecture: equity is not a finished edifice but a perpetually unfinished construction, subject to both rupture and continuity. By engaging thinkers from multiple traditions — Rawls, Arendt, Honneth, Fraser, Derrida, Bobbio, Fanon, Dussel, among others — the paper situates DEIA within a global genealogy of rights expansion and ethical responsibility. The author’s lived experience as an asylee and disabled advocate grounds the inquiry, making the theoretical personal and the personal theoretical. Ultimately, the paper argues that DEIA, despite its fragility and contestation, offers a kairos — an opportune moment — for reimagining democracy itself as an architecture of belonging. The work seeks not only to analyze but also to encourage: to support those disoriented by the ideological storm surrounding DEI and to inspire agents of transformation committed to building a more inclusive and accessible future.

Cet article s’appuie sur un cas précis: la catégorie dite des "fillettes anormales" accueillies à l'Hôpital de Saint-Cyprien-des-Attafs (Algérie), chez les sœurs blanches, entre les années 1930 et 1950. Il consolide ou enrichit trois pistes de recherches précédentes:
- le remplacement du système préexistant à la colonisation et la délégation à des institutions privées de personnes en situation de handicap ;
- les discriminations variables en fonction du genre, de la race et surtout la hiérarchisation en fonction des situations de handicap;
- l'agentivité des "enfants" et d'autres protagonistes (aides-soignantes, sœurs, etc.).

De plus, l'article ouvre de nouvelles pistes, en particulier sur deux points: 
- l’importance de l’utilitarisme et de la logique gestionnaire qui a des effets sur les discriminations déjà citées d’une part; 
- l'analyse des récits administratifs d’autre part. En effet, sur ce dernier point, la catégorie "d'enfants anormaux" ou de "fillettes anormales", tout comme les mesures juridiques en lien avec ces conditions, ne correspondent aucunement aux réalités juridiques et pratiques. Il s’agit d’une catégorie administrative fictionnelle.


This article is based on a specific case: the category known as ‘abnormal girls’ taken in by the White Sisters at the Saint-Cyprien-des-Attafs Hospital (Algeria) between the 1930s and 1950s. It consolidates and enriches three previous lines of research:
- the replacement of the system that existed prior to colonisation and the delegation of responsibility for persons with disabilities to private institutions;
- varying discrimination based on gender, race and, above all, the hierarchy based on the type of disability;
- the agency of the ‘children’ and other protagonists (caregivers, sisters, etc.).

Furthermore, the article opens up new avenues of inquiry, particularly on two points:
- the importance of utilitarianism and managerial logic, which has an impact on the forms of discrimination already mentioned; 
- the analysis of administrative narratives. Indeed, on this last point, the category of ‘abnormal children’ or ‘abnormal girls’, as well as the legal measures related to these conditions, do not correspond in any way to practical realities. This is a fictional administrative category.

Demokrasilerin vazgeçilmez unsurları olan seçimler, sonuçları itibariyle yönetimleri belirlemede etkili olurken aynı zamanda ülkelerin ve toplumların içinde bulundukları siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik koşulların anlaşılması açısından da ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Sosyal bir varlık olan insanın içinde bulunduğu koşullardan etkilenmesi ve bu koşullar altında hareket etmesinin siyasal alana yönelik yansıması, en belirgin ve meşru şekilde siyasi seçimler aracılığıyla olmaktadır. Bireylerin siyasal alana yönelik sergiledikleri duygu, düşünce, kanaat ve faaliyetlerinin bütününü oluşturan siyasal davranışlarının oluşmasında siyasal kültürün ve siyasal toplumsallaşma süreçlerinin önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Bu anlamda bireylerin veya toplumların benzer gelişmeler karşısında farklı davranışlar sergilemeleri, süreç içerisinde edindikleri siyasi kültür ve siyasal toplumsallaşma süreçleri ile yakından ilgilidir ve seçmenlerin siyasal alana yönelik hassasiyetlerinin gelişmesinde ve siyasal davranışlarının şekillenmesinde etkili olmaktadır. Seçmenlerin siyasal davranışları
üzerinde birçok faktör etkili olmaktadır ve seçmenler bu faktörlerden bilinçli veya bilinçsiz bir şekilde etkilenmektedirler. Ayrıca yaşanan siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik gelişmelere bağlı olarak bu faktörlerin etkileri değişmektedir.
Yapılan bu çalışmayla, seçmen davranışları yaklaşım modelleri kapsamında seçmenlerin siyasal davranışları üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerle birlikte belli seçim dönemleri içerisinde gerçekleştirilen genel seçimler öncesi ve sonrası yaşanan gelişmeler ele alınmış, genel seçimlerin sonuçlarının değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve Malatya seçmenlerinin siyasal tercihlerinin şekillenmesinde etkili olan durumlar analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. / Elections, which are indispensable elements of democracies, are effective in determining governance as a result, while at the same time, it is also important to understand the political, social and economic conditions in which countries and societies are located. The influence of a social being on the conditions in which it is present and the reflection of its movement on the political sphere is the most obvious and legitimate way through political elections. Political culture and political socialization processes have an important place in the formation of the political behaviors that constitute the whole of the feelings, thoughts, opinions and activities exhibited by individuals in the political
sphere. In this sense, the different behaviors of individuals or societies in the face of similar developments are closely related to the political culture and political socialization they have acquired in the process and they are effective in the development of the sensitivity of the voters to the political arena and in the formation of political behavior. Many factors influence the political behavior of the voters, and they are consciously or unconsciously affected by these factors. In addition, the effects of these factors vary
depending on the political, social and economic developments experienced.
In this study, factors affecting the political behavior of voters in the context of approach models and developments in the general election before and after the general election period were discussed, the results of the general elections were evaluated and the cases affecting the shaping of the political preferences of Malatya voters were analyzed.

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has positively impacted the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Overall, the ECtHR has delivered significant judgments in favour of persons with disabilities and is moving towards a disability-sensitive interpretation of facts. However, in specific areas such as legal capacity, inclusive education, voting, and involuntary treatment, the ECtHR has sharply distanced itself from the CRPD following some initial attempts at harmonizing its norms with that of the treaty. This emerging divergence does not arise from differences in underlying substantive norms, but rather from the ECtHR's different jurisprudential methods and views on its role relative to the CRPD's treaty body, as well as the polycentric nature of their respective decisions. Explaining the nature of the disagreement is key to understanding what role adjudicative bodies can play in promoting disability rights, and whether their norms can be harmonized.

Specially-abled persons constitute a disadvantaged group in society who, owing to their disabilities, continue to face discrimination even in accessing justice. Article 14 of the Constitution of India and Section 3 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, guarantee the right to equality and equal participation for persons with disabilities. However, significant challenges remain in accessing justice through the traditional or formal court system. This study examines the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in enhancing access to justice for the specially-abled community. Adopting a doctrinal approach, it explores the barriers encountered by specially-abled persons in the formal justice system and highlights its inefficiencies in addressing their needs. The paper analyses scholarly articles, government reports, statutory instruments, and judicial precedents of the Supreme Court and High Courts to identify the persisting obstacles to justice and the potential of ADR mechanisms to overcome them. Relying on secondary data, the study further reveals policy gaps and implementation challenges. It argues that ADR mechanisms can provide a more inclusive, efficient, and accessible path to justice, and offers insights for legislators and policymakers to formulate disability-friendly legal frameworks beyond the conventional court system.

Persons with disabilities represent a diverse segment of society, facing unique challenges in accessing public services such as education, healthcare, and employment. In response, Indonesia ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) through Law No. 19 of 2011, which serves to promote, protect, and ensure equal rights and fundamental freedoms for individuals with disabilities. This commitment led to the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2016, replacing an earlier, more compassionate framework with one emphasizing equality and the protection of rights for persons with disabilities. The law defines individuals with disabilities as those facing long-term physical, intellectual, mental, or sensory limitations and emphasizes the necessity of special protections to uphold their rights and prevent discrimination. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of disability rights protection policies in Indonesia, revealing significant challenges despite the legal framework established by Law No. 19 of 2011. Access to education, healthcare, and employment remains limited due to inadequate facilities, discriminatory practices, and social stigma. Effective solutions require strengthening the legal framework, increasing awareness, and involving the disability community in policy planning. Furthermore, robust monitoring and enforcement mechanisms are essential for safeguarding rights. To enhance protections, improved coordination among ministries, ongoing training for service providers, inclusive education practices, and recognition of employers who hire individuals with disabilities are critical. These measures are vital for fostering a more equitable society and ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities are upheld sustainably.

conocimientos presentan los integrantes de una comunidad sobre Salud Bucal. El diagnóstico del estado de salud de la población por ser multifactorial se hace muy complejo, más aún si pretendemos abarcarlo en toda su magnitud, para una colectividad o comunidad determinada, sea ésta la de un país, provincia, municipio, área de salud, centros educacionales, centros laborales. Todas estas poblaciones pueden ser estudiadas para conocer su estado de salud, sus componentes, sus determinantes o factores de riesgo y su causalidad, para elaborar un plan de acción y de ejecución que permita alcanzar indicadores de salud cada vez más favorables. El estado de salud de la población es un reflejo de desarrollo material y espiritual de una sociedad referente a la salud social, es un sistema valioso para evaluar la eficiencia y eficacia del sistema de salud y un instrumento para demostrar la capacidad del estado en garantizar la salud de la población. Entendemos por nivel educativo el grado de aprendizaje que adquiere una persona a lo largo de su formación en la educación formal. Recordemos que existe tres tipos de educación: la formal, la no formal y la informal. La educación formal (Educación Infantil-Educación Primaria -Educación Secundaria -Educación Superior) hace referencia a los ámbitos de las escuelas, institutos, universidades, La educación no formal se refiere a los cursos, academias, e instituciones, que no se rigen por un particular currículo de estudios. La educación informal es aquella que fundamentalmente se recibe en los ámbitos sociales, pues es la educación que se adquiere progresivamente a lo largo de toda la vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue Determinar si el nivel educativo de los niños y de adultos pertenecientes a nuestra área programática es acorde con los conocimientos referentes a los cuidados de su salud bucal. En referencia a materiales y métodos se realizó una encuesta estructurada elaborada ad-hoc en la zona correspondiente al centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS) N° 33 de Los Hornos, mediante la cual pudimos recabar información de aquellos individuos que forman parte de nuestra área programática, designada entre las calles: 145 a 150 y de 60 a 65 de la localidad de Los Hornos, partido de La Plata. De la información recolectada se realizó el análisis estadístico de las mismas, con los gráficos correspondientes. El total de la muestra fue de 100 personas, (n=100); el 50% de los mismos pertenece niños y el otro 50% a adultos. La media de las edades fue de 38,9 años. En referencia al sistema educativo donde

This article explores the collective side of independent living - a social movement, policy framework, and practical arrangements emerging from disabled people's struggles for self-determination. The collective side of independent living is revealed by discussing the role of peer support for independent living as political and everyday practice. The first part of the article considers the meaning and essential features of peer support, its importance for independent living, and its place in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The second part grounds these reflections in activist discourse by thematically analysing interviews with European independent living activists. This provides evidence against one-sided interpretations of independent living as a liberal-individualist ideology. The analysis also outlines prominent epistemic, biopolitical, and ethical features of peer support, contributing to discussions on biopower, epistemic injustice, and care ethics. It concludes with a call for policies that recognise the collective side of independent living.

The Olympic Games, historically dating back to approximately 776 BC, represent perhaps the most fascinating athletic and religious celebrations of the ancient world, as well as being fundamental chronological references for ancient and modern historians. Sports competitions that take place on the mythical island of the Phaeacians during a banquet are also described in the Odyssey and are practically the same as in the Iliad, with the only difference that the solos have become a discus throw and the long jump is also mentioned (halma). During the 8th century and the first half of the 7th century, Spartan athletes had enormous successes in Olympia. Still, this almost absolute predominance which persisted between the end of the first Messenian war and the first decades following the second collapsed vertically during the 6th and early 5th century. After the end of the Persian Wars, victories became relatively more frequent again, especially in horse races. Concerning this phenomenon, there are not only sporting reasons but also profound political innovations, social difficulties, and cultural upheavals that have affected the entire Lacedaemonian society. We propose, here, a report that attempts to investigate at least in part some of the reasons for the sporting decline of Sparta just mentioned, trying to give body and face also to some athletes, whose biographies have been preserved in the Spartan collective memory and, more generally, Hellenic.
Keywords: Sparta, Athletics, Olympics, decline, society;

People with disabilities are vulnerable. They carry high risk for poor health and health outcomes. As a group, they experience social disadvantages such as poverty, underemployment and unemployment, isolation, and discrimination at a higher rate than the general population. They also face multiple barriers to quality health care and report poorer health status than people without disabilities. This Special Issue will explore the key health disparities and barriers to health care experienced by people with disabilities, and explore the legal, ethical, and social issues they raise. It will investigate the legal requirements of the Americans with Disabilities and other antidiscrimination laws as they apply to health and health care, the implications of health care reform efforts affecting people with disabilities, and other uses of law and policy to promote health determinants, such as access to education and work opportunities, a life in a community, and full participation in society for people with disabilities.

Education is a pivotal component of human capital development. However, barriers to human capital development exist, particularly in the education sector of Akwa Ibom State. This necessitated the study to assess the barriers to human capital development in education sector of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Using Becker's Human Capital Theory (1964) to guide the study, three (3) objectives and research questions were formulated. The descriptive survey design, involving the Focus Group Discussion and In-depth interviews aided the collection of primary data. The purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 285 respondents. The data obtained were analysed in themes. The results revealed that insufficient funding limits access to quality teachers, learning materials, and infrastructure, leading to overcrowded classrooms and high dropout rates. Infrastructure deficiencies, such as inadequate classrooms, poor sanitation, and lack of electricity, further weaken the learning environment. High poverty exacerbates these challenges, as many families cannot afford school expenses, forcing children into labour or early marriages. Malnutrition also affects concentration and learning outcomes. These factors collectively hinder human capital development by reducing educational attainment and limiting future economic opportunities. The study recommended that government should be committed to allocate a substantial and consistent portion of the budget to education. Also, a diversified plan is needed for the government to improve the academic outcomes of students living in poverty, and this needed to be focusing on addressing issues related to both the social and educational needs of the students for a better society.

El presente capítulo se orienta a indagar sobre la siempre compleja situación de las mujeres portadoras de un diagnóstico en el camla salud mental. La propuesta se dirige a identificar y visibilizar algunas tensiones que se presentan en la relación Mujer-Locura, en tanto se
considera que algunos aspectos o aristas de esa vinculación exigen ser
revisados desde el obligado enfoque de los derechos humanos y desde
una doble perspectiva: sexo-género y discapacidad. Para cumplir con
el fin propuesto, se utiliza el concepto de interseccionalidad, a partir del
cual se debe reconocer que la discriminación no siempre se presenta en
forma unidimensional, sino que múltiples factores de discriminación
pueden sumarse a la categoría sexo-género. Será entonces a partir de
que se identifique la intersección de varios factores opresivos —que se
articulan en simultáneo y dan como resultante un daño distinto y único,
diferente a las discriminaciones valoradas por separado— que se puedan pensar, diseñar y ejecutar estrategias de intervención más eficaces.
Luego de analizar la relación mujeres-locura-patriarcado, la propuesta está dirigida a visibilizar al menos tres cuestiones o aspectos
polémicos que se presentan en orden al diagnóstico en el campo de la
salud mental. En primer término, y a partir de reconocer que la categoría locura responde a una construcción social, cultural e histórica,
se analizan las implicancias que de allí derivan en orden a la siempre
cambiante clasificación de los trastornos. Seguidamente, se aborda la
relación diagnóstico-estigma-estereotipos y, como tercer tensión, se
hace referencia a la ligazón histórica que ha existido entre diagnóstico-incapacitación-manicomialización.
Sobre el final del trabajo, se caracterizan las dificultades que para
acceder a la Justicia tienen las mujeres que al ser etiquetadas “locas”
se encuentran institucionalizadas y se identifica una estrategia formulada por distintas organizaciones sociales y de derechos humanos que, al reconocer la situación de discriminación interseccional,
presentan un pedido de audiencia ante la Comisión Interamericana
de Derechos Humanos.

Legal systems reflect the cultural norms that shape laws with respect to disability and access. By taking a theoretical and empirical approach to disability rights, it is possible to assess how basic functionings and freedoms are affected by laws, rights, and norms. This chapter examines how the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and Federal Law No. 29 differ significantly in their approach to social inclusion (i.e., social protectionism vs. human rights) and assesses what levels of progress were achieved in the implementation and enforcement of the national laws at local levels. In many instances, Federal Law No. 29 can be seen to have fallen short of the guidelines outlined by the CRPD. At a fundamental level, the federal law characterizes disability as a failure in the capacities of the individual regardless of their environment. A clear example can be seen in the federal law which emphasizes a protectionist approach to independent living and community involvement, in stark contrast to the CRPD's Article 19 that outlines a rights-based model. Dubai's local-level law on disability passed in 2014 presents a strong alternative by shifting the focus to rights, equity, and access.

Universal Design (UD) has long been romanticized within architectural pedagogy and professional rhetoric as a panacea for equitable spatial access. Yet, behind the utopian promises lies a pervasive architecture of illusion, a meticulously constructed simulacrum of inclusivity. This paper critically interrogates the ideological veneer surrounding Universal Design by examining its profound failures, particularly within two contrasting yet structurally analogous urban paradigms: Mumbai, India, and New York City, USA. We posit that UD, far from being an inherent design imperative, is frequently reduced to a performative addendum, imposed through top-down regulations rather than embedded within contextual, tectonic, and phenomenological logics. This study exposes the profound dissonance between academic ideals and the built reality, critiques the insidious limitations imposed by development economics, restrictive zoning bylaws, and a political apparatus that views accessibility as a ceremonial act. Through a detailed architectural critique of public and private projects from sprawling rail networks and municipal offices to ultra-luxury condominiums and historic cultural institutions this paper unveils the architectural absurdity of tokenistic ramps, misaligned vertical conveyance systems, and symbolic wayfinding that actively perpetuate spatial exclusion. We argue that the current discourse and practice of UD, fixated on prescriptive mandates and prosthetic additions, functions as a sophisticated political and market-driven hoax, creating a deceptive semblance of inclusivity while preserving a fundamentally exclusionary architectural syntax. Concluding with a radical reconceptualization, we propose a revolutionary design paradigm: Integrated Adaptive Design (IAD) a framework that eschews post-facto compliance and instead fuses technological intelligence, spatial empathy, and volumetric integration into the very DNA of architectural thought, forging environments that are inherently, rather than superficially, universal.

COVID-19 significantly affected people with disabilities, with many facing additional barriers in access to services and increased risks of poor health and social outcomes. Focusing on the impact of COVID-19 in the Global South, this study took place in Bangladesh and Liberia, where 14% and 16% of the population are thought to live with disabilities. However, there is minimal research on the needs and experiences of this population group and how these are shaped by intersecting axes of inequity. Furthermore, disabled people are often excluded from being actively involved in research. To address these evidence gaps, we used the creative participatory method of photovoice remotely to document experiences of COVID-19 through the lens of people with physical and psychosocial disabilities and their caregivers as co-researchers. The findings present themes relating to inaccessibility, social connection, hopes and fears. The nexus between disability and poverty was exacerbated for many in ...

The conceptions on disability have been coursing through different forms. Disability history is recognised as an emerging and developing sub-discipline of the social history of medicine. The concept of disability has a vital position in the domains of religion and law. This paper attempts to examine the historical conceptualisation of disability in the domains of religion and law in India.. Though the experience of disability in India is historically distinct from that of western tradition, there may be similarities between the western and Indian high culture tradition of exclusion and stigmatisation of people with disabilities, particularly in the pre-modern period, these cultures are grounded in different concepts of social inclusion. Though the term disability is interpreted in various ways by the social context of religion and political context of law, presently it has been conceived as something to be synchronised with inclusion, equality and accessibility.

Apaçık Radyo 16 Temmuz 2025 Sakat Muhabbet Program Kaydı

Temmuz Ayı Engelli Onur Ayı'dır - July is Disability Pride Month
Sakat Muhabbet'te Alper Tolga Akkuş, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi'nin İnsan Hakları kürsüsündeyken 2017'de Barış İmzası nedeniyle ihraç edilen ve ihraç sonrası Katı İnsan Sendromu tanısı konan Cavidan Soykan ile 2019'dan beri Temmuz ayında çeşitli ülkelerde kutlanan Engelli Onur Ayı üzerine konuşuyor.

To reform the abusive way that courts use the term frivolous, making that designation narrow and defined rather than broad and vague. Judges should simply avoid using the term or any other abusive term a court may impose on a litigant. Litigants are to be respected in their petititoning and due process rights and ROFA (REFORM OF FRIVOLOUS ACT) acheives these noble goals.

The paper affirms the reality of various forms of disabilities in society.
Since the church, through her leadership, has direct responsibility to
the society, to make life habitable for community members and to
make Christ known to every category of people, able or diabled, the
researchers therefore probed into the direct responsibility of Pastoral
Leadership in the local churches to minister self-reliance to people
living with one form of disability or another. To achieve this goal, the
researchers engaged descriptive method of research by clarifying the
concepts of Pastoral Leadership and disability. The researchers
further identified six specific roles of local church pastors in
providing enabling environment for people living with disabilities using P-A-S-T-O-R acronym, and finally identified some factors that
can be responsible for pastors' non-involvement in ministering to the
people living with disabilities. The research discovered that local
church pastors could Preach an inclusive message; Assist in
mobilizing financial and emotional support for people living with
disability; Support individual, and non-governmental organizations,
and foundations that are committed to the ministry; Teach and Reteach the principle of theodicy; Organize enriching programmes for
the people living with disabilities and their family; and Re-orienting
church members on their attitudes to people living with disabilities.
Key Words: Pastoral Leadership, Ministry, Disabilities

region of the world, an area where there is no regional court or commission; and (3) participated in the building of the DRICAP website by researching and analyzing all disability rights lawbased developments in specified Asian and Pacific nations, and by preparing them for website posting and distribution. About twothirds of the way through the semester, four of the students (including three of the co-authors of this article) participated with MLP at New York Law School's "Faculty-Student Presentation Day," presenting the work in-progress on the DRICAP initiative to faculty and other students. 7 We have chosen to write this article to share with others the work that we have done through this clinic to serve as a tool for social change, to improve access to justice on behalf of persons with disabilities, and, we hope, to inspire other clinicians and students to engage in similar projects on behalf of disabled persons in other parts of the world. In Part II, MLP describes the evolution of the DRTAP idea, how he structured the course, what work was assigned, how the classroom sessions operated, how the nations were chosen, how "key players" in the nations in question were chosen as contacts, and how-for about half of the second semester-the class was broken up into overlapping groups of two to three students for intensive work with MLP. In Part III, five of the participating students will explain how they went about their work, including the pitfalls, the challenges, and the breakthroughs that they encountered along the way. 8 In Part IV, MLP retrospectively reconsiders the work completed, how the clinic served to teach students how to be more vigorous advocates, and its expected value for advocates in the regions in question and for persons with disabilities in the included nations. This Part is divided into two sections. Part A. describes the evolution of DRTAP 7. See Faculty/Student Presentation Day, NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL, (last visited Jan. 5, 2016). 8. These contributions are written in the individual "voices" of the students to reflect their personal thoughts about clinic participation.

To achieve the full inclusion of people with cognitive, intellectual, and sensory disabilities, a shift beyond traditional models of linguistic simplification is required. It is imperative to adopt participatory research methods that treat textual adaptation as a co-creation process, thereby giving voice and decision-making power to the final recipients. This study has a twofold objective: first, to evaluate the efficacy of a textual co-design approach, and second, to measure the impact of specific visual, syntactic, and pragmatic interventions on the comprehension of complex texts and on the participants' perceived self-efficacy. A qualitative study was conducted through a cycle of focus groups with 8 participants (4 men and 4 women; aged 36-60). Adopting a methodology inspired by ethnography and utilizing MAXQDA for data analysis, textual materials were co-developed and analyzed. The main findings highlight two key aspects. First, the active role of participants transcended simple feedback, establishing a genuine co-authorship role by directly influencing textual layout, lexis, and syntax. Second, the didactic interventions demonstrated measurable efficacy, with a significant increase in the ability to interpret figurative language and a corresponding growth in self-efficacy. The conclusions emphasize the indispensable value of including target recipients as co-researchers.

Development practitioners in fragile and conflict-affected contexts are demanding better support for research, evaluation and assessments: this can range from conducting an exploratory needs assessment for an emergency intervention, monitoring and evaluating ongoing project impact, or building the evidence base to design a reconstruction or post-conflict program. In contexts of overwhelming adversity it is crucial not only to get reliable and valid data but to also ensure that we are going about this data collection in the right way. Doing research "right" in these contexts requires asking the right questions, talking to the relevant participants and stakeholders, using the most pertinent methods, and paying particular attention to ethics and power differentials. To address these concerns, the ERA Program developed the Resilience in Education Settings (RES)-Research training module. The training is specifically targeted for researchers living in context of conflict, violence and other adversities. It brings together resilience theory and a transformative research paradigm. Resilience theory seeks to understand the process by which individuals, communities and organizations recover from crisis, continue to perform in the midst of adversities and even radically change to prevent future risk exposure and continue their development process (Reyes 2013). The transformative research paradigm provides methodological guidance to conduct studies with vulnerable populations, while recognizing both their exposure to overwhelming threats but also their assets such as strengths, opportunities and available services (Mertens 2009). Through a nine-month training program, RES-Research builds on the capacities of academics and education practitioners in fragile, conflict and violence-affected contexts to undertake locally relevant and rigorous education resilience research. First piloted in Central America, the training program was improved and recently implemented in the South Asia region as part of a multi-donor trust fund for the Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) initiative supported by DfID-UKAID, DFAT-Australian AID and the World Bank. This study is the product of one of the researchers who attended the nine-month RES-Research training. It provides valuable contributions to our on-going understanding of resilience in education settings in difficult context. As with all SABER tools, the RES-Research training module is openly available for education practitioners within the World Bank, as well as other agencies. The module consists of a research manual and handouts, power point presentations and additional guidance materials.

Aim: Understanding how these digital resources are being utilized in special education contexts is essential to improving learning outcomes and bridging the digital divide for students with intellectual disabilities. The study examined the use of assistive digital resources to enhance learning for students with intellectual disabilities in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria. Five study objectives were stated to guide the research. Five research questions were formulated, and three hypotheses were stated. A literature review was conducted in line with the study variables. Method: This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The area of the study is Cross River and Akwa Ibom States. The population of this study comprises all six special education and inclusive schools in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States-709 teachers, school heads, and education officers were directly involved in teaching or supporting students with intellectual disabilities-3,020 Students with intellectual disabilities (where possible, for observational data). A multi-stage sampling technique was used. A purposive sampling was used to select 4 LGAs, stratified sampling was used, and a simple random sampling technique was used. The instrument for data collection is a questionnaire, which was validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation at the University of Uyo. The instrument was subjected to test reliability using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The test result revealed a reliability index of 0.81. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, independent t-test) to test the hypotheses. Results: The results revealed a significant relationship between the availability of assistive digital resources and their utilization level in teaching students with intellectual disabilities. There is also a significant relationship between the use of assistive digital resources and the learning outcomes of students with intellectual disabilities. There is a significant difference between urban and rural schools in the availability of assistive digital learning tools for students with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: Based on the study's results, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the availability of assistive digital resources and their level of utilization in teaching students with intellectual disabilities. There is also a significant relationship between the use of assistive digital resources and the learning outcomes of students with intellectual disabilities. There is a significant difference between urban and rural schools in the availability of assistive digital learning tools for students with intellectual disabilities. Recommendation: Schools and disability support centers should implement peer-mentoring programs and anti-drug clubs that empower students to resist negative peer pressure.

Aim: Understanding how these digital resources are being utilized in special education contexts is essential to improving learning outcomes and bridging the digital divide for students with intellectual disabilities. The study examined the use of assistive digital resources to enhance learning for students with intellectual disabilities in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria. Five study objectives were stated to guide the research. Five research questions were formulated, and three hypotheses were stated. A literature review was conducted in line with the study variables. Method: This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The area of the study is Cross River and Akwa Ibom States. The population of this study comprises all six special education and inclusive schools in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States-709 teachers, school heads, and education officers were directly involved in teaching or supporting students with intellectual disabilities-3,020 Students with intellectual disabilities (where possible, for observational data). A multi-stage sampling technique was used. A purposive sampling was used to select 4 LGAs, stratified sampling was used, and a simple random sampling technique was used. The instrument for data collection is a questionnaire, which was validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation at the University of Uyo. The instrument was subjected to test reliability using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The test result revealed a reliability index of 0.81. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, independent t-test) to test the hypotheses. Results: The results revealed a significant relationship between the availability of assistive digital resources and their utilization level in teaching students with intellectual disabilities. There is also a significant relationship between the use of assistive digital resources and the learning outcomes of students with intellectual disabilities. There is a significant difference between urban and rural schools in the availability of assistive digital learning tools for students with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: Based on the study's results, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the availability of assistive digital resources and their level of utilization in teaching students with intellectual disabilities. There is also a significant relationship between the use of assistive digital resources and the learning outcomes of students with intellectual disabilities. There is a significant difference between urban and rural schools in the availability of assistive digital learning tools for students with intellectual disabilities. Recommendation: Schools and disability support centers should implement peer-mentoring programs and anti-drug clubs that empower students to resist negative peer pressure.

This booklet outlines insights on the needs of persons with disability gained from JCTR's training programme for provincial planning units, Disability bodies and associations in the nine Provinces of Central, Copper belt, Eastern, Luapula, Muchinga, Northern, North-western, Southern and Western. The trainings begun in June, 2016 and were concluded in November, 2016. JCTR also conducted eld visits to institutions providing services to PWDs. The objective of the trainings and eld visits were to sensitize workshop participants on the challenges faced by persons with disability in a quest to promote access to rights and services of persons with disability in Zambia. Participants had an opportunity to share their experiences on issues of persons with disability and learn from disability institutions about the many challenges being faced by these institutions.United Nations Development Programme (UNDP

COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging evidence suggests that the crisis has made this worse, as well as presenting new challenges for people with disabilities. This paper presents a review of published research and grey literature of relevance to the proven or anticipated socio-economic, wellbeing and human right related impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa and other contexts. Its purpose is to summarise evidence to inform a study on the experiences of South Africans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of an improved inclusive framework for future management of such crises in South Africa. After a brief introduction, the paper is structured around four main sections. Context is provided by considering COVID-19 and disability both global...

During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa started to emerge. As members of an informal network looking at issues affecting this group, some of the authors of this report realised that much of the research done was not specifically focusing on their perceptions during the pandemic and that it was not using the WG-SS questions. Having noticed a gap in the type of data being collected by other scholars and the media, this small informal network identified a need for a survey that would look at both experiences and perceptions of persons with disabilities focussing on lived experiences of socioeconomic impacts and access to human rights during the pandemic in South Africa. This report summarises some of the key findings of the study, which was conducted on-line ...

This is a report on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Inclusion Works programme, aiming to reach a group who are not often included in research studies. A Nigeria-based researcher asked 10 people with disabilities in Nigeria to tell us about their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. They had different types of impairments such as intellectual, physical, visual and hearing impairments.

This is a report on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Inclusion Works programme, aiming to reach a group who are not often included in research studies. A researcher based in Bangladesh asked 10 people with disabilities in the country to tell us about their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. They had different types of disabilities such as intellectual, physical, visual and multiple disabilities.

a) Recent data on the state of PWD in Jordan, such as data on access to basic services for PWD. b) Analyses of the political, social, cultural, and economic context for PWD in Jordan. Relevant issues could include, for example: norms and behaviours towards PWD; gender equality; social cohesion; the impact of violent conflict on the mental health and psychosocial needs of PWD; and any issues particular to Jordan. c) Assessments of laws on the rights of PWD in Jordan.

This paper explores the relationship between accessible sanitation and disability-inclusive employment in Bangladesh and Nigeria. Both countries have sanitation and hygiene challenges as well as disability-inclusive employment challenges, but the existing evidence on the intersection of these issues that is focused on Nigeria and Bangladesh is extremely limited. Building on the literature where this complex issue is addressed, this paper presents the findings of a qualitative pilot study undertaken in Nigeria and Bangladesh. It focuses on the need for toilets at work that are easy for people with disabilities to use in poor countries. These are sometimes called accessible toilets. Accessible sanitation is not regarded as a challenge that must be addressed by people with disabilities themselves, but as a challenge that must be addressed by many people working together – including governments, employers, and the community.