Digital Policy

Abstract
AI companions—digital entities designed to simulate human relationships through psychological manipulation techniques such as friendship, romantic relationships, or emotional support—represent a rapidly growing industry projected to reach $290 billion by 2034. These platforms deliberately architect emotional dependencies through sophisticated psychological manipulation techniques, targeting users experiencing loneliness, isolation, or social vulnerability. While promising comfort and support, AI companions create unprecedented governance challenges when companies prioritize engagement optimization over user welfare.
The tragic suicide of fourteen-year-old Sewell Setzer III following intensive interaction with Character.AI's chatbot represents a preventable consequence of inadequate governance, crystallizing the urgent need for comprehensive governance frameworks that can protect vulnerable users while preserving innovation. The landmark Garcia v. Character Technologies ruling—the first federal court decision to deny Section 230 immunity for AI-generated content—establishes that platforms employing psychological manipulation assume enhanced duties of care proportional to their sophistication and knowledge of user vulnerability.
This analysis presents an integrated governance framework combining enhanced corporate oversight under evolving Caremark doctrine, privacy-by-design architecture, technology-embedded legal counsel, and transparent voluntary self-regulation through multi-agency coordination. The framework addresses critical gaps in traditional Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) approaches that prove structurally inadequate for managing real-time psychological risks created by emotional AI platforms. Rather than waiting for regulatory mandates or navigating fragmented state-by-state requirements, the proposed voluntary registry enables companies to demonstrate authentic commitment to user protection while capturing competitive advantages through verified safety leadership.
The voluntary framework leverages existing regulatory expertise through multi-agency coordination involving the Federal Trade Commission, Food and Drug Administration, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, avoiding new bureaucratic structures while enabling specialized focus on AI companion governance challenges especially with minors and vulnerable populations. A four-tier classification system addresses the full spectrum of AI companion relationships—from therapeutic applications requiring clinical oversight to adult intimate platforms demanding maximum privacy protection—while establishing universal baseline safety standards across all registered platforms.
The framework transforms potential regulatory compliance burden into strategic business advantage by demonstrating that comprehensive user protection enhances rather than constrains technological innovation. Companies implementing voluntary standards position themselves advantageously for inevitable regulatory expansion while building sustainable competitive advantages through governance excellence that competitors cannot easily replicate. Early adopters capture brand equity, operational expertise, and stakeholder relationships that provide lasting advantages in markets where trust and safety increasingly determine long-term success.
Beyond immediate business benefits, the voluntary framework provides foundation for American leadership in global AI governance by demonstrating that market-driven solutions can achieve protective outcomes while preserving the innovation autonomy that characterizes American technological competitiveness. The approach enables US companies to influence international policy development rather than merely responding to foreign regulatory mandates, positioning voluntary excellence as an export product that spreads American approaches to responsible innovation worldwide.

Digital technologies are now an integral part of Latin America’s political campaigns. While television and radio remain parties’ preferred communication channels, particularly in Mexico, platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, TikTok, and X have rapidly become electoral battlegrounds of persuasion, mobilization, and, increasingly, disinformation. Yet unlike the European Union’s recent push for hard or soft digital regulatory measures, the Latin American regulatory response remain fragmented, oscillating between judicial activism, regulatory vacuum, and voluntary self-regulation.

This blog post explores three contrasting cases – Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay – to illustrate each country’s distinct regulatory pathway. We then provide a comparative snapshot of the region, highlighting the challenges of digital campaign governance where democratic resilience coexists with fragility and, in some instances, authoritarian drift.

Language generators are AI systems capable of creating and processing knowledge that bears a resemblance to natural language. Their capabilities make them the ideal tools for use in disinformation practices. At the same time, they are a technology that is set to change the way society accesses, processes and uses in- formation. This prompts the emergence of intricate legal concerns, particularly given the potential for AI systems to produce erroneous, false, or seemingly accu- rate outputs. The present essay addresses these issues in the context of the regula- tions recently introduced by the European legislator, taking into account the roles and responsibilities of the various socio-economic actors involved, not only the providers of language generators, but also those who use them and, finally, the end users of their output. This study focuses on the utilisation of this technology in the context of digital services, encompassing both those provided by intermediary ser- vice providers as outlined in the Digital Services Act and language generation ser- vices directed towards a broad and undifferentiated audience. The latter, in partic- ular, give rise to issues concerning consumer rights when users are natural per- sons who use the output for purposes unrelated to any professional activities they may carry out.

GAFA is a term that refers to the four dominant digital platforms: Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon. This term is more commonly used in Europe and other regions, while in the U.S. it is common to call these companies "Big Tech," including also Microsoft.

a. Sebutkan dan jelaskan setidaknya 3-5 jenis insiden keamanan digital yang paling sering terjadi dan berdampak signifikan di Indonesia dalam 3-5 tahun terakhir. Berikan contoh kasus nyata (jika memungkinkan) untuk setiap jenis insiden? b. Menurut Anda, jenis insiden mana yang paling mengancam stabilitas nasional dan mengapa? Jawaban: a. Jenis-Jenis Insiden Keamanan Digital yang Sering Terjadi di Indonesia 1. Kebocoran Data Pribadi (Data Leak/Breach) Insiden ini terjadi ketika informasi pribadi masyarakat-seperti NIK, nomor telepon, alamat, bahkan rekam medis-diketahui atau dipublikasikan tanpa izin. • Contoh: Tahun 2022, data 1,3 miliar registrasi SIM card yang berisi NIK dan nomor HP diduga bocor dan diperjualbelikan di forum gelap. • Dampak: Rentan disalahgunakan untuk penipuan, pemalsuan identitas, hingga doxing. Kepercayaan terhadap sistem digital nasional menurun drastis.

Indonesia saat ini menghadapi krisis keamanan digital yang serius, ditandai dengan meningkatnya insiden kebocoran data pribadi, serangan ransomware, phishing, serta penyebaran hoaks dan disinformasi yang mengancam stabilitas nasional. Krisis ini dipicu oleh berbagai faktor, mulai dari kelemahan teknis dalam infrastruktur TI, rendahnya kesadaran keamanan siber, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, hingga implementasi regulasi yang belum optimal. Dampaknya merambah berbagai sektor, termasuk privasi publik, perekonomian, keamanan negara, hingga kohesi sosial-politik. Pemerintah melalui BSSN, Kominfo, dan aparat penegak hukum telah melakukan berbagai upaya mitigasi, namun efektivitasnya masih memerlukan penguatan kebijakan, edukasi, teknologi, serta kolaborasi multipihak. Diperlukan strategi nasional yang komprehensif dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat untuk membangun ekosistem digital yang tangguh dan aman di Indonesia.

Membahas rekomendasi konkret untuk mengatasi krisis keamanan digital di Indonesia melalui pendekatan kebijakan, teknologi, pendidikan, dan kerja sama multipihak. Dengan menyoroti peran penting Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN), UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi, dan urgensi literasi digital, tulisan ini juga menegaskan pentingnya keterlibatan masyarakat sipil dan individu dalam membangun budaya keamanan digital. Strategi nasional yang berkelanjutan dan kolaboratif menjadi fondasi menuju kedaulatan siber di era digital.

Digital sovereignty is a fluid and complex concept. This chapter highlights the necessity to consider digital sovereignty strategies, policies, and governance mechanisms from a holistic and long-term perspective. Digital sovereignty plays a pivotal role in fostering self-determination, while remaining critical to cybersecurity and the control capabilities of the “digital sovereign.” The “sovereign” can be an individual, a community, a corporation, a state, or a group of states. Taking an agnostic approach to digital sovereignty, the authors explore diverse practices and provide insight into what this concept means in practical terms. Digital technologies can facilitate enormous advancements to be put at the service of people, but can also be weaponized against individuals, corporations, and nation-states. BRICS countries’ approaches offer telling examples of not only how and why the need for digital sovereignty can emerge but also how dysfunctional the implementation of digital sovereignty policies may become without a coherent and long-term vision. Ultimately BRICS experiences illustrate that enhancing a digital sovereign’s self-determination, cybersecurity, and control is likely to reduce the undue influence of other digital actors. However, the success of a digital sovereignty strategy largely depends on the understanding, consistency, resourcefulness, and, ultimately, organizational capabilities of aspiring digital sovereigns.

This chapter lays the theoretical foundation for the book by disentangling the myriad discourses and interpretations of digital sovereignty from the perspective of the Global South and emerging power alliances. It argues that BRICS countries symbolize the “rise of the rest” in an increasingly multipolar world, their digital policies critical to the future shape of global internet, and digital governance. In this book, the idea of digital sovereignty itself is viewed as a site of power contestation and knowledge production. Specifically, the chapter identify seven major perspectives on digital sovereignty in a complex discursive field: state digital sovereignty, supranational digital sovereignty, network digital sovereignty, corporate digital sovereignty, personal digital sovereignty, postcolonial digital sovereignty, and commons digital sovereignty. The chapter highlights the affinities and overlaps as well as tensions and contradictions between these perspectives on digital sovereignty with brief illustrative examples from BRICS countries and beyond. While a state-centric perspective on digital sovereignty is traditionally more salient especially in BRICS contexts, increasing public concern over user privacy, state surveillance, corporate abuse, and digital colonialism has given ascendance to an array of alternative perspectives on digital sovereignty that emphasize individual autonomy, indigenous rights, community well-being, and sustainability.

Th is study aims to identify the critical factors for enhancing the government performance management system in Indonesia. Th e research was carried out in three major provinces: Yogyakarta, South Sumatra, and West Java Province. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study utilized descriptive research with both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Th e quantitative analysis involved multivariate regression analysis conducted using R-Studio, while the qualitative aspect included insights from selected key informants. Th e fi ndings of the study highlight that leadership commitment and internal policy support are the most infl uential factors in sustaining the government performance management system in Indonesia. Additionally, such factors as organizational structure stability, working culture, conformity to national policies, clarity of performance cascading, and quality of human resources showed positive correlations. However, the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) was found to have no comprehensive correlation in supporting performance management systems.

L'analyse des facteurs de risque et de vulnérabilité pour les systèmes utilisant abondamment l'électronique, le numérique et l'intelligence artificielle (IA) met en lumière plusieurs enseignements clés :
1. Diversité des Risques : Les systèmes électroniques et numériques sont exposés à une large gamme de risques, tant d'origine naturelle qu'humaine. Cela inclut des phénomènes comme les tempêtes géomagnétiques et les catastrophes naturelles, ainsi que des menaces comme les cyberattaques et les erreurs humaines.
2. Importance de la Résilience : La mise en place de stratégies de mitigation et de résilience est cruciale pour atténuer les impacts des risques identifiés. Cela implique des mesures de protection, de préparation et de récupération pour assurer la continuité des opérations.
3. Nécessité d'une Approche Multidimensionnelle : Une approche multidimensionnelle est nécessaire pour aborder les risques de manière holistique. Cela inclut des mesures techniques, organisationnelles et humaines.
4. Rôle de la Formation et de la Sensibilisation : La formation et la sensibilisation des employés et des utilisateurs sont essentielles pour réduire les risques liés à l'erreur humaine et à l'ingénierie sociale. Cela inclut des programmes de formation continue et des simulations de phishing.
5. Importance de la Conformité et de l'Éthique : Le respect des normes et réglementations de sécurité, ainsi que l'adoption d'un cadre éthique pour le développement et l'utilisation de l'IA, sont cruciaux pour assurer la protection des systèmes et des données.
6. Équilibre entre Technologie et Interaction Humaine : Encourager un équilibre entre l'utilisation de la technologie et l'interaction humaine est important pour maintenir des relations et des processus humains essentiels.
7. Promotion de la Durabilité : La promotion de pratiques durables, comme l'éco-conception et le recyclage, est essentielle pour réduire l'impact environnemental de l'utilisation de l'électronique et du numérique.
8. Évaluation des Besoins Réels : Une évaluation soigneuse des coûts et des bénéfices de l'adoption de solutions technologiques est nécessaire pour investir de manière judicieuse et justifiée.
En tirant parti de ces enseignements, les organisations peuvent améliorer la résilience, la sécurité et la durabilité de leurs systèmes électroniques et numériques, tout en atténuant les risques et les vulnérabilités.

Governments worldwide play a pivotal role in shaping the AI ecosystem through instruments such as legislation, funding, and international collaboration. Analysing 512 policy documents from 64 countries, our recent work reveals significant disparities in how countries emphasise data within their AI policies, potentially worsening the global data divide.

Nadie podrá comprender lo que resta del siglo XXI, sin considerar las rupturas y continuidades que sigue provocando la pandemia, en una sociedad globalizada los efectos trastocan todos los rincones del mundo, independientemente el grado e intensidad de las interacciones sociales, económicas, culturales, políticas, educativas, ambientales, tecnológicas y de salud a las que somos sometidos. Han trascurrido dos años desde el inicio de la Pandemia, sus efectos han sido devastadores para el mundo. SARS-COV-2 o también conocido como Covid-19, visibilizó la vulnerabilidad de las sociedades, mostró que la economía, la salud y la educación penden de un hilo cuando se enfrentan a lo desconocido, en la batalla por entender sus alcances han surgido distintas obras que intentan explicar las consecuencias, precisamente el libro Emergencias de la Vida Cotidiana en Tiempos de Pandemia, adquiere protagonismo intelectual, científico y social para comprender los efectos de la complejidad producida por el Covid- 19 y sus mutaciones sobre la vida cotidiana de las personas.

Статья посвящена анализу цифровизации традиционных процессов социально-политической коммуникации в условиях развития технологий искусственного интеллекта и нейронных сетей и выявлению рисков, угроз, вызовов, которые она представляет для этих процессов. Для достижения поставленной цели методологическая оптика исследования базируется на принципе ансамблирования научных подходов, необходимых для достижения поставленной в работе цели: критического дискурс-анализа, сравнительного анализа, реконцептуализации, метода прогнозного сценарирования и сценариотехник. В работе рассматриваются три основных фактора современной цифровизации: стремительное развитие нейросетевых технологий, активное применение алгоритмов, функционирующих в цифровом пространстве коммуникаций на основе искусственного интеллекта, а также технологии Big Data, которые, по мнению авторов, выступают ресурсной базой для «умной» цифровизации. Авторы фокусируют свое внимание на рисках, угрозах и вызовах, связанных с современной цифровизацией, в аспекте ценностно-смысловых трансформаций традиционных социально-политических коммуникаций, информационного капсулирования онлайн-пользователей, а также автоматизации социально-политического взаимодействия на основе алгоритмизации цифровых коммуникационных практик. Авторы приходят к ключевому выводу о том, что в качестве одного из основных факторов предотвращения рисков, угроз и вызовов, связанных с цифровизацией процессов социально-политических коммуникаций, выступает наличие цифрового технологического суверенитета современного государства. По мере роста разнообразия цифровых решений и эволюции «умных» технологий государства все в большей мере будут сталкиваться с необходимостью защиты своих традиционных социально-политических пространств, предотвращения управляемой внешней трансформации ценностно-смысловых и мировоззренческих основ и принципов своего существования, а также моделей социально-политического поведения со стороны технологически развитых государств-интервентов, стремящихся к сохранению существующего миропорядка и собственного геополитического доминирования.
Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, нейронные сети, алгоритмы, социально-политическая коммуникация, цифровой суверенитет, массовое сознание, цифровая коммуникация.

Amid the crisis of the unipolar order and the ensuring geopolitical turbulence, which are further intensifi ed by global digital technological transformations, the establishment, reinforcement, and protection of a new form of state sovereignty – digital sovereignty – has become increasingly pertinent. This situation necessitates further academic research into the existing prerequisites, obstacles, challenges, as well as the civilizational characteristics infl uencing the transformation of current sovereignty models. It also requires development of new sovereign frameworks for digital communications in the socio-political sphere that would effectively safeguard national interests. This study aims to identify the specifi cs of contemporary academic discourse surrounding the
issue of sovereignization in terms of digital communication in the socio-political context. Employing a methodological framework of critical discourse analysis, the research focuses on two primary criteria: (1) exploring theoretical frameworks that explain the motivations behind the sovereignization of digital communications, and (2) identifying sovereignization models that emerge these days in relation to digital communication. The findings indicate a rising emphasis on such concepts as digital sovereignty, cybersecurity, data sovereignty, digital borders, and digital balkanization within current academic discussions. The study concludes that the theories of digital colonialism, data colonialism, platform imperialism, and the weaponization of the Internet are not
mutually exclusive; rather they complement the existing scholarly understanding of the ongoing transformations in the digital realm. A comparative analysis of these concepts and theories reveals nuanced distinctions between them. Furthermore, the examination of academic literature has uncovered a range of emerging sovereignization models of
digital communications in the socio-political sphere, largely driven by the discontent of various states with the prevailing US-centric global governance in the digital realm. Consequently, the authors advocate for the development of a Russian sovereignization model of digital communication, outlining its key characteristics that distinguish it from
similar emerging models in other countries and regions of the world.

Keywords: digital sovereignty, digital communications, sovereignization, socio-political sphere, digital colonization, platform imperialism, sovereignization models of digital communications

el capítulo Posibilidades educativas para personas con discapacidad auditiva mediante el uso de tecnologías digitales que presenta los avances de una investigación sobre los desafíos de las personas
con discapacidad auditiva en la educación superior y las oportunidades que ofrecen las tic en esta área. El estudio, de carácter descriptivo muestra que los alumnos, usuarios de dispositivos de asistencia auditiva que cursan sus estudios con apoyo de plataformas digitales, presentan avances en su desarrollo académico y social. En la investigación, se pudo reconocer la utilidad de estrategias para mejorar la inclusión en educación, como son el: subtitulado en tiempo real y la toma de conciencia en el profesorado sobre las limitaciones que acarrea la discapacidad auditiva. Entre los hallazgos, se destaca que la falta de recursos económicos y capital social impacta negativamente para la inclusión de estos estudiantes y se hacen recomendaciones sobre el uso de diversas herramientas tecnológicas para mejorar la enseñanza.

„Drepturile omului și spațiul digital: protejate, înlocuite sau redefinite?” face parte din volumul colectiv „Economia și societatea în era digitalizării”, lucrare coordonată de profesorii Constantin Brătianu, Doina Banciu și Nicolae Dănilă. Preocuparea la care răspunde capitolul 13 („Drepturile omului și spațiul digital: protejate, înlocuite sau redefinite?”) este dacă activitatea în spațiul digital, o altfel de teritorialitate, modifică mecanismele de protejarea a drepturilor universale ale omului sau nu, sau chiar anulează aceste drepturi în ansamblul lor.

The development of Society 5.0 has become imperative to achieve improved quality of life and sustainable economic growth, one of the keys to which is digitalization. West Java is trying to increase digitalization through various innovative programs, including the Desa Digital Jabar Program, which aims to equalize village development through digital technology. This study evaluates the extent of the role of the Desa Digital Jabar Program in increasing digitalization and its impact on economic growth using Fixed-Effect Ordinal Regression modeling. The data used includes the number and level of development of Digital Villages in subdistrict and regional economic indicators. The results show that districts with a relatively large number of Digital Villages have a service sector base, which significantly requires digital connections. Further analysis reveals that the level of Digital Villages positively correlates to local economic growth. These findings confirm that the Desa Digital Jabar Program is on track to support sustainable economic development in West Java. Despite being an effective instrument for achieving Society 5.0, this program needs continuous improvement and expansion. Policy recommendations for strengthening digital villages include improving digital infrastructure in villages, increasing community digital literacy, and strengthening financial inclusion in rural areas.

The new interactive services associated with the development of the Internet seem to promise dramatic changes in the organization of commerce. If this promise is fulfilled through the emergence of digital intermediation, important implications will follow in the adjustment of existing firms to compete with new service provid- ers.1 A principal issue at the heart of the adjustment process concerns uncertainty about the extent to which the dematerialization of economic activity is likely to be- come a reality.2 Dematerialization presupposes a capacity for "digital intermedia- tion," but some aspects of intermediation may require physical presence and associated organizations. In addition, "disintermediation"-the process of eliminat- ing traditional intermediary firms-challenges the business of many existing compa- nies. The implications of electronic intermediation or disintermediation are con- siderable, given the significance that is being given to the growth of electronic com- merce as the future mode of transaction for many commercial activities

Section II examines the evidence in support of claims about the potential gains from the transfer of digital technologies to developing countries. Section III considers the extent of the so-called ‘digital divide’ and its relationship to the position of countries with respect to per capita income and educational attainment indicators. In section IV the opportunities created by the development of electronic commerce for firms in developing countries are examined, particularly with respect to whether the Internet offers a new means for firms to enter global markets on terms that are more favourable than in the past. Section V illustrates the institutional conditions that must be in place if the new global electronic trading environment is to be open to many firms in developing countries. The final section draws some conclusions about the likely prospects for successful ICT-based technological leapfrogging strategies.

En el presente trabajo se ensayan reflexiones sobre la formación docente continua a la luz de los cambios y las continuidades que trajo la situación excepcional de la pandemia COVID-19. El objetivo es tomar esta situación como analizador para apuntar algunas cuestiones a considerar en el diseño de políticas públicas para la formación docente continua vinculadas a la inclusión de las tecnologías digitales en las prácticas educativas. En esta dirección, y en base a la experiencia, se exploran elementos de la educación a distancia como una modalidad propicia para la construcción de procesos formativos orientados al desarrollo profesional docente.

Целью настоящей работы стало определение степени содержательного характера зависимости суверенитета современного государства от технологического развития в области искусственного интеллекта и нейросетевых технологий, а также выявление новых социально-политических вызовов государственному суверенитету России в условиях глобальных цифровых технологических трансформаций. В качестве методологической оптики были
выбраны метод критического дискурс-анализа тематических академических исследований, а также метод экспертных интервью, позволивший более глубоко раскрыть содержательные особенности характера влияния процессов развития технологий искусственного интеллекта и нейросетевых алгоритмов на параметры современного государственного суверенитета. По итогам исследования, на основе комплексирования полученных результатов авторами сделан вывод о формировании спектра связанных с технологическим развитием
в цифровой сфере вызовов суверенитету современного государства, а также о высоком влиянии процессов цифрового технологического развития на государственный суверенитет России. В качестве главного вызова для нашей страны выступает то, что государство, не способное создавать независимые и конкурентоспособные технологии, продукты и решения в цифровой сфере, неизбежным образом будет находиться в прямой технологической зависимости от других государств, что самым непосредственным образом влияет
на способность обеспечивать собственный суверенитет и независимость.
Ключевые слова: государственный суверенитет, цифровой суверенитет, искусственный интеллект, «умные» алгоритмы, цифровая трансформация, технологические вызовы.

As the EU and US share fundamental human rights principles, regulatory alignment across the Atlantic on protection of personal privacy in the development and use of AI may seem a realistic prospect. However, Washington and Brussels have adopted considerably different approaches to AI regulation in general, and privacy protection in particular. While the EU’s regulatory process has produced several pieces of legislation, the US has so far opted for voluntary guiding principles.

Настоящая работа посвящена определению потенциальных рисков, вызов и угроз интенсивного развития и активного внедрения в актуальную практику общественно-политических коммуникаций, связанную с активным информационным воздействием на массовое сознание, технологий искусственного интеллекта и алгоритмов самообучающихся нейросетей в частности. В работе доказывается, что современные цифровые технологические трансформации и активное распространение цифровых технологий самым непосредственным образом влияют на трансформацию традиционных мировоззренческих систем и идеологий. По итогам проведенного исследования делается заключение о том, что при помощи цифровых инструментов осуществляется значительное информационно-коммуникационное воздействие на массовое сознание в аспекте влияния на традиционные мировоззренческие и идеологические системы. В связи с этим автор выдвигает в качестве ключевого вывода тезис о необходимости формирования и поддержания цифрового суверенитета современных государств, как критичного условия сохранения и защиты национальных мировоззренческих и идеологических пространств в условиях актуальных глобальных технологических трансформаций.
Ключевые слова: цифровизация, технологические трансформации, искусственный интеллект, нейросети, мировоззрение, политическая идеология, цифровой суверенитет.

Abstract: This study is devoted to identifying potential risks, challenges, and threats of intensive development and active implementation of artificial intelligence technologies and self-learning neural network algorithms in the current practice of socio-political communications associated with active information impact on mass consciousness. This study proves that contemporary digital technological transformations and the active spread of digital technologies most directly influence the transformation of traditional worldview systems and ideologies. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that with the help of digital tools, there is a significant information and communication impact on mass consciousness in terms of influencing traditional worldview and ideological systems. In this regard, the author puts forward as a key conclusion the thesis about the need to form and maintain the digital sovereignty of contemporary states, as a critical condition for preserving and protecting national worldview and ideological spaces in the conditions of current global technological transformations.
Keywords: digitalization, technological transformations, artificial intelligence, neural networks, world view, political ideology, digital sovereignty

Me preocupa el televisor. Da imágenes distorsionadas últimamente. Las caras se alargan de manera ridícula, o se acortan, tiemblan indistintamente, hasta volverse un juego monstruoso de rostros inventados, rayas, luces y sombras como en una pesadilla. Se oyen palabras claramente, la música, los efectos de sonido, pero no corresponden a la realidad, se atrasan, se anticipan, se montan sobre los gestos que uno adivina. Jaime Sabines, 1972 ÍNDICE Introducción Del estudio de las juventudes y tecnologías digitales. Experiencias de producción y consumo cultural en y desde lo digital

În contextul în care accelerarea tranziției digitale este evidentă în toate regiunile lumii, iar Uniunea Europeană se află în urma SUA în ceea ce privește competitivitatea digitală, în plan comunitar se remarcă intensificarea adoptării de inițiative de reglementare mai strictă a activității companiilor și a serviciilor digitale. Acestea includ atât măsuri de susținere a companiilor autohtone, dar și de monitorizare a mediului concurențial. Prezentul articol are ca principale obiective: (1) analiza Strategie i și a viziunii UE în materie de digitalizare și a factorilor determinanți; (2) interpretarea pozițiilor ocupate de țările UE în clasamentele mondiale în materie de competitivitate digitală; (3) evidențierea accentuării protecționismului digital prin instrumente specifice de protejare a vieții private a consumatorilor, a ordinii publice, a securității, dar și prin noi inițiative de taxare a economiei digitale, asociate cu ținta consolidării suveranității digitale a UE.

Th is study aims to identify the critical factors for enhancing the government performance management system in Indonesia. Th e research was carried out in three major provinces: Yogyakarta, South Sumatra, and West Java Province. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study utilized descriptive research with both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Th e quantitative analysis involved multivariate regression analysis conducted using R-Studio, while the qualitative aspect included insights from selected key informants. Th e fi ndings of the study highlight that leadership commitment and internal policy support are the most infl uential factors in sustaining the government performance management system in Indonesia. Additionally, such factors as organizational structure stability, working culture, conformity to national policies, clarity of performance cascading, and quality of human resources showed positive correlations. However, the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) was found to have no comprehensive correlation in supporting performance management systems.

Cet article explore les impacts de la transformation numérique (TN) sur la santé et la sécurité au travail (SST), mettant en évidence les défis et les opportunités pour la SST associés aux nouvelles formes d’organisation du
travail « New way of work », notamment le télétravail, ce mode de travail offrant d’une part une certaine flexibilité aux employés, peut également, d'autre part engendrer des risques pour leur sécurité, leur santé physique et mentale.
Toutefois, l’article évalue également la législation de l'Union Européenne en matière de SST relative à l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) et de la robotisation dans le contexte du travail, il souligne la nécessité d'actions concrètes pour garantir un environnement de travail sain et sécurisé à l'ère numérique, telles que l'instauration d'un
cadre juridique adéquat encadrant le "droit à la déconnexion" numérique, l’investissement dans la formation et le développement des compétences , la promotion d'une culture de prévention, etc. Par conséquent, le présent article met également en exergue l'importance d'un accompagnement du changement dans le contexte de la TN au milieu du travail. En effet, la mise en place d'une stratégie de prévention au sein des organisations s'avère fondamentale pour une gestion optimale de la SST, cette stratégie implique la sensibilisation des travailleurs aux risques psychosociaux et ergonomiques émergents, aux mesures de sécurité adéquates et aux bonnes pratiques d'utilisation des outils numériques. Cependant, l'article soulève également des préoccupations d’ordre éthique, concernant la
confidentialité des données, le respect de la vie privée et les difficultés relatives à la prise de décisions automatisées, particulièrement avec l'implémentation de l'IA et son utilisation croissante dans la supervision et le pilotage du travail.

Mots clé : Transformation numérique (TN) - Santé et sécurité au travail (SST) - Intelligence artificielle (IA) - Risques – législations UE

MoU Protocoles d'accord PEN Politique européenne du numérique PEV Politique européenne du voisinage RELEX Relations extérieures RETEX Retour d'expérience RoK République de Corée RTDeur Revue trimestrielle de droit europeén SEAE Service européen pour l'action extérieure ST standard TFUE Traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne TIC Technologies de l'information et de la communication TUE Traité sur l'Union européenne Vol. Volume Voy. Voyez UE Union européenne UIT Union internationale des télécommunications WK Working document VI * CONCLUSION GENERALE VIII transformation numérique UE-Afrique » 13 (le premier fait défaut à la dénomination stricte et le deuxième fait échec au bilatéralisme car biregional). Délimitation matérielle de l'objet partenariat numérique. D'un point de vue matériel, s'intéresser aux partenariats numériques, c'est partir à la recherche des instruments juridiques de soft law 14 (actes hors nomenclature) permettant d'établir une relation de coopération durable et poussée dans un domaine sectoriel précis : le numérique. En paraphrasant les textes institutionnels, il est possible de rajouter qu'il s'agit d'un cadre général destiné à faire progresser la coopération bilatérale UE-8 Nous verrons par la suite que la matrice de sélection des partenaires est construite sur des critères particulièrement précis, ce qui limite considérablement l'expansion géographique de l'instrument.

Ce livre blanc explore en profondeur le phénomène des hallucinations dans l'intelligence artificielle générative, en examinant ses causes, manifestations, et impacts sur des secteurs critiques comme la santé et la finance. Il présente des techniques avancées de détection et de correction, discute des enjeux éthiques et légaux, et propose des stratégies pratiques pour les entreprises et les décideurs.

Quelle est l'influence des avancées technologiques (IA, blockchain, surveillance numérique) sur les politiques nationales et internationales ? Par Pierre Laborda Introduction: Les avancées technologiques du XXIe siècle, notamment l'intelligence artificielle (IA), la blockchain et la surveillance numérique, ont profondément transformé divers aspects de la société moderne, incluant les dynamiques politiques tant au niveau national qu'international. Ces technologies, en révolutionnant les modes de gouvernance, de gestion économique et de sécurité, ont créé de nouveaux paradigmes pour les décideurs politiques. Cette thèse explore comment ces innovations influencent les politiques publiques et internationales, en mettant en lumière les opportunités et les défis qu'elles présentent.

This article explores the pivotal role of European Union institutions in the global projection of EU regulatory power, focusing on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a case study within the framework of the Brussels effect. The Brussels effect describes the process by which EU regulations become de facto global standards, driven by two key conditions: regulatory capacity and a preference for stringent rules. The article argues that EU institutions are essential in fulfilling these conditions. The theoretical discussion introduces the Brussels effect and highlights how EU institutions contribute to regulatory capacity and the formation of stringent regulations. By examining the GDPR, the article illustrates that EU institutions, such as the European Commission and European Parliament, have both the regulatory expertise and the enforcement power necessary to create and uphold comprehensive data protection standards. Additionally, the article presents an original argument that the stringent nature of EU regulations, necessary for the Brussels effect to unravel, can be attributed to the neofunctionalism theory's cultivated spillover effect, where supranational institutions push for stricter regulations to foster further integration. The case of the GDPR demonstrates how EU institutions not only establish and enforce these regulations within the EU but also drive their adoption internationally through both de facto and de jure mechanisms. The findings underscore that without the active involvement of EU institutions, the Brussels effect would not materialise, and EU standards, such as those embodied in the GDPR, would not achieve global influence.

Developing advanced AI systems requires three key components: algorithms, massive high-quality datasets and access to compute resources (powerful microchips). Of the three, managing access to and use of compute resources is the most convenient lever for pre-development AI governance. We propose that the G7 countries back an international institution that designs international standards for the responsible management of compute resources. Such standards would help expand AI governance to cover the entire AI lifecycle, as appropriate for such a high-risk technology, and as proposed in the 2023 Hiroshima Guiding Principles.

Durant la pandémie de COVID-19, les pays sont confrontés à la propagation des informations fausses et trompeuses dans l’espace numérique. Prendre des mesures contre ce phénomène devient un enjeu important des gouvernements ainsi que des organisations internationales dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire. Au Vietnam, les contenus des fausses nouvelles abordent principalement le traitement de la maladie à coronavirus, la gestion des vaccins, la situation de la pandémie et les mesures prises par le gouvernement. Cet article a pour objectif de faire comprendre les politiques du gouvernement vietnamien afin d’assurer un environnement sécurité dans la prévention et la lutte contre la pandémie. Nous avons recouru à l’analyse thématique de six documents gouvernementaux et juridiques qui figurent sur les politiques de la cybersécurité, les mesures entreprises par les organismes gouvernementaux et l’État-parti par rapport aux attaques dans le cyberespace. En effet, les autorités vietnamiennes renforcent à contrôler l’espace numérique dans le but d’éliminer les fausses nouvelles, mais aussi punissent des actions de diffusion ou de partage des informations inexactes sur les réseaux sociaux. De plus, les dirigeants vietnamiens ont recours aux technologies numériques et aux médias afin de propager les informations étatiques pour maintenir l’ordre social et renforcer la confiance de la population dans les politiques de l’État-parti.

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la IA en la educación, centrándose en sus aplicaciones y desafíos. Para lograr esto, se llevó a cabo una metodología documental que consistió en revisar y analizar investigaciones previas, estudios de casos y documentos relevantes relacionados con la IA en el ámbito educativo.

This could, for example, include developing instructions and simulations on putting on and taking off personal protection equipment (PPE) or regarding environment disinfection for cleaners. Advise and support distributed leadership Leadership is essential during a pandemic crisis, at all levels; however, leaders are always at risk of missing feedback, lessons and perceptions from the bedside. Help leaders with system thinking and learning through feedback loops, promoting deference to expertise and distributed leadership. Support and design frequent, concise, open communication about the ongoing situation. Support situational awareness and situation monitoring about the pandemic and its impact (including effects on care of patients with conditions other than the pandemic illness). As a note to leaders, all the above will be made much easier if the head of PS/QI is included in the emergency task force. Promote staff safety, well-being and psychological safety Advise leaders on staff physical and psychological safety needs [2] and on debriefing needs, including those for non-clinical staff. Set up a space for staff to express fears and preoccupations, and relay these, with appropriate confidentiality, to leaders. Promote frequent expressions of gratitude, as carried out, for example, through daily CEO video messages at a hospital in Pisa, Italy [3]. Connect leaders with occupational health services to identify, prevent and mitigate

This paper critically assesses the European Union's vulnerability to weaponized interdependence in the digital sector. The concepts of the "panopticon effect" and "chokepoint effect" from Farrell and Newman's theory of weaponized interdependence are used as criteria to evaluate the EU's lack of autonomy and risk exposure. Key cases like the Snowden revelations and the dominance of US and Chinese tech platforms are analysed. The research finds that the EU is highly vulnerable to the panopticon effect, as evidenced by foreign mass surveillance of EU data with little prospect for improvement despite measures like the GDPR. However, the EU is not significantly vulnerable to the chokepoint effect. This is because no single state currently meets the criteria of having both critical platform dominance in the EU market and strained diplomatic relations that could precipitate a chokepoint scenario. The EU is also taking proactive steps like the Digital Markets Act which will further insulate itself from potential chokepoint vulnerabilities going forward. The paper concludes that EU vulnerability to weaponized interdependence in the digital sector is currently asymmetric, being high for the panopticon effect but low for the chokepoint effect.

La cuarta revolución industrial es un escenario cambiante, donde la tecnología y el conocimiento amplían su cobertura en la operación de las empresas, por ende, se requiere capital humano capaz de construir soluciones para conducir y mantener a la empresa en la competitividad. Pero, ¿qué perfil de capital humano se requiere para satisfacer las demandas del actual mercado laboral que cada día se vuelve más digital e inteligente? Para determinarlo, se realizó un estudio exploratorio en bolsas de trabajo digitales. Los resultados muestran que se requieren profesionistas capaces de aplicar big data como herramienta de tratamiento de datos e información, participar en el diseño de modelos de negocio y nuevos métodos de crear valor, contabilidad con blockchain, administración digital de los ingresos y adoptar Internet en el proceso de toma de decisión. Un desempeño soportado en inteligencia artificial. Un perfil enfocado en liderar empresas inteligentes. En tal sentido, se infiere que es preciso modificar y/o actualizar los planes de estudio con el fin de que se formen los profesionales que demanda el mercado laboral en la cuarta revolución industrial. Palabras clave: descripción de puesto, vacantes, candidato adecuado.

This rapid review explores the question “How can we undertake ‘people-powered’ contact tracing activity at scale? What types of options are available?”. The main focus of the report will be on investigating any methods and evidence around digitally enhanced people-powered contact tracing. The spectrum of available methodologies for contact tracing range from paper-based methods to fully automated, anonymous digital contact tracing using mobile phone Apps and Bluetooth or geolocation services. Selected examples are provided.

In a time of rapid technological advancements and changing energy paradigms, the European Union and the United States are trying to coordinate their efforts to navigate the complexities of an ever-evolving landscape. Transatlantic dialogues and cooperative endeavours are key mechanisms for mitigating tensions and fostering a common assessment of the opportunities and risks arising from these advancements. Critical in this regard are the problems of governance emanating from technological development and its consequences in the digital sphere as well as the delicate balance between security, competitiveness and environmental targets in the energy dimension.

Este trabalho destaca que a cibersegurança é um assunto necessariamente multidimensional, multissetorial e, frequentemente, transnacional. Tal natureza é evidente, considerando que a elaboração e implementação de conceitos, estratégias, normas, ferramentas e mecanismos de governança de cibersegurança depende de atores de natureza extremamente diferente – pública, privada, associativa etc. – que não são necessariamente localizados na mesma jurisdição. Ao mesmo tempo, ciberataques implicam frequentemente atores de natureza diferente localizados em várias jurisdições, tornando a cooperação internacional uma necessidade não somente para conseguir respostas apropriadas aos ciberataques, mas, ainda mais basicamente, para conseguir um nível de certeza adequado na atribuição mesma dos ataques.

La question du recours au numérique en éducation en Afrique ne constitue pas une préoccupation nouvelle. Le numérique semble aujourd’hui omniprésent, conduisant certains à parler d’un véritable tsunami numérique, voire de révolution numérique. Nous pouvons tout de même nous demander si la pervasion numérique a réellement touché le champ de l’éducation en Afrique, mais aussi quels sont les réels usages et que recouvrent les pratiques et les recherches relatives au numérique. Ce numéro thématique rend compte des divers usages et recherches actuelles du numérique dans le champ de l’éducation et de la formation dans le contexte africain.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evidenciar la aparición de nuevas formas e instrumentos de cooperación birregional (Union Europea y America Latina y Caribe) en materia digital. Muestra cómo con un instrumento inédito de soft law (Alianzas digitales) la UE exporta su política digital interna al escenario latinoamericano.