Corosolic acid

Petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were obtained through partitioning the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Campsis radicans L. (Family. Bignoniaceae) followed by the chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites from them. A total of five triterpene compounds i.e., corosolic acid methyl ester (1), β-amyrin (2), arjunolic acid (3), maslinic acid (4) and 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-12-en-28-ursolic acid (5) were isolated from the dichloromethane fractions and their structures were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and compared the NMR data with published values.

Leaf extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz. are used in the Chilean cosmetic industry on the assumption that they have decongestant, regenerative, and anti-aging properties. A bioassay-guided fractionation of this plant material showed that some extracts have potent anti-inflammatory activities. Further fractionation led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids, and the 2a-hydroxy derivatives alphitolic, asiatic, and corosolic acids. The latter three were evaluated in vivo in the mouse ear assay for their topical anti-inflammatory activity, inducing inflammation with either arachidonic acid (AA) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). Only corosolic acid was active in the AA assay, with similar potency to nimesulide, but all three triterpene acids inhibited TPA-induced inflammation with potencies comparable to that of indomethacin.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the past work done on Lagerstroemia reginae (Lytharceae). This review summarizes the previous and current literature regarding the Lagerstroemia reginae commoly known as banaba which is used for its different biological and chemical potentiality. The plant is a medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree with elliptic or oblong-lanceolate leaves are acuminate. Flowers are generally large and posses showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as A medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree. Leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, acuminate. Flowers are large, showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as leaves posess hypoglycaemic activities, fruits are used as a local application for aphthae of the mouth, seeds are used as narcotic, bark and leaves are used as purgative while roots are considered as astringent, stimulant and fe...

The objective of the present work is to evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-arthritic activity of fruits (with seeds) of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Based on this, a new series of constituents had been planned to extract by ethanol from the fruit-seeds of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. The in-vitro anti oxidant activity was carried out by DPPH assay and the in-vitro anti arthritic activity was performed by BSA method. The results of DPPH free radical scavenging activity showed that the ethanolic extracts of fruit-seeds of Lagerstroemia speciosa (EE-FSLS) possessed good to moderate anti-oxidant activity. The percentage (%) inhibition at various concentration (10-250 µg/ml) of EE-FSLS was found to be 14.89%, 20.53%, 31.81%, 37.62%, 49.24% and 60.52% and the IC 50 value was found to be 152.78 μg/ml and the IC 50 value of Std. drug ascorbic acid was found to be 97.52 μg/ml. The in-vitro experimental data of BSA method displayed that EE-FSLS inhibit the protein denaturation and the percenta...

Plants, such as as green tea (Camellia sinensis), banaba (Lagestroemia speciosa) and moringa (Moringa oleifera L.), have been known as the basis of traditional medicine that have been existed for thousands years due to their bioactive compounds. This research aimed to investigate total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of various tea infusion made from green tea, moringa and banaba leaves. Dried green tea, dried banaba leaves, and fresh moringa leaves were used in this study. Fresh moringa leaves then was dried at two different temperatures (50 and 60 ºC). The results showed that the total phenolic content of tea infusions were ranged from  11–20 mg GAE/g, while the DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP activity ranged from 6–12 µmol TE/g, 0.2–0.65 mmol FeSO4/g, respectively. Banaba tea had the highest total phenolic content (20.54±0.31 mg GAE/g), DPPH (11.19±0.12 µmol TE/g), and FRAP activity (0.66±0.02 mmol FeSO4/g) compared to another infused tea (P<0.05). Higher drying ...

Plants, such as as green tea (Camellia sinensis), banaba (Lagestroemia speciosa) and moringa (Moringa oleifera L.), have been known as the basis of traditional medicine that have been existed for thousands years due to their bioactive compounds. This research aimed to investigate total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of various tea infusion made from green tea, moringa and banaba leaves. Dried green tea, dried banaba leaves, and fresh moringa leaves were used in this study. Fresh moringa leaves then was dried at two different temperatures (50 and 60 oC). The results showed that the total phenolic content of tea infusions were ranged from  11–20 mg GAE/g, while the DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP activity ranged from 6–12 µmol TE/g, 0.2–0.65 mmol FeSO4/g, respectively. Banaba tea had the highest total phenolic content (20.54±0.31 mg GAE/g), DPPH (11.19±0.12 µmol TE/g), and FRAP activity (0.66±0.02 mmol FeSO4/g) compared to another infused tea (P<0.05). Higher drying ...

Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, occurs when there is too much cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is a soft, waxy, fat-like substance that is a natural component of all the cells of the body. Molecular docking is used to predict the binding orientation of small molecule drug candidates to their protein targets in order to in turn predict the affinity and activity of the small molecule. Hence docking plays an important role in the rational design of drugs. The present study is deals with the molecular docking of derivatives of 2α-hydroxyursolic acid which is the active component of the plant Banaba leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Pers, Lythraceae) against HMG CoA reducatse involved in cholesterol biosynthesis using AutoDock software. The protein file of HMG CoA reductase [PDB ID: 1DQ8] was taken from the protein data bank. The lead moiety 2α-hydroxyursolic acid has shown best ligand binding energy-5.32kcal/mol. All the derivatives have shown best ligand binding energy between-2.82 kcal/mol to-12.52kcal/mol. Out of the nine derivatives 1I show best ligand binding energy as-12.52 kcal/mol.

Rational and efficient approaches to research and development are becoming more popular for increasing value enhancement in bioactive materials. In this study, metabolite profiles of 17 different Lagerstroemia species from different countries were performed using UPLC-QTof-MS combined with chemometric tools to identify potential metabolite predictors of antidiabetic activity. PLS-DA of the Lagerstroemia samples indicated two large, distinct clusters in the score plot. On the loading scatter plot, significant changes in metabolites of antidiabetic candidates were found between species, and two flavonol glycosides and corosolic acid were evaluated as key markers among the 25 analyzed metabolites. Based on the screening results, samples high in two triterpenic acids (corosolic acid and asiatic acid) showed a tendency to inhibit glucose uptake, which could have contributed to the correlation of active and inactive extracts. Therefore, these comprehensive results support our biochemometric models and contribute to the rational and efficient studies of pharmacologically active metabolites.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the past work done on Lagerstroemia reginae (Lytharceae). This review summarizes the previous and current literature regarding the Lagerstroemia reginae commoly known as banaba which is used for its different biological and chemical potentiality. The plant is a medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree with elliptic or oblong-lanceolate leaves are acuminate. Flowers are generally large and posses showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as A medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree. Leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, acuminate. Flowers are large, showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as leaves posess hypoglycaemic activities, fruits are used as a local application for aphthae of the mouth, seeds are used as narcotic, bark and leaves are used as purgative while roots are considered as astringent, stimulant and fe...

Ghetu) is a flowering shrub, about 4 feet high, with broadly ovate leathery leaves, pinkish white flowers and small fruits enclosed in red bracts 1. The leaf and root are widely used as antidandruff, antipyretic, ascaricide, laxative, vermifuge and in treatments of convulsion, diabetes, gravel, malaria, scabies, skin diseases, sore, spasm, scorpion sting, snake bite and tumor 2,3. Previous phytochemical investigation of this plant led to the isolation of sterols, sugars, flavonoids and saponins 4. Scutellarin and hispidulin-7-O-glucuronide are present in the leaf 5. Poriferasterol and stigmasterol are the components of the aerial parts 6. As a part of our ongoing investigations on local medicinal plants of Bangladesh 7,8 , in this paper, we report the first time isolation of (22E,24S)-stigmasta-5,22,25-trien-3β-ol from the ethanol extract of Clerodendrum viscosum. The 1 H NMR spectrum was recorded using a Bruker AMX-400 (400 MHz) instrument and the spectrum was referenced to the residual nondeuterated solvent signal. Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) was carried out using Merck Si gel 60 F254 on glass plates (20 cm × 20 cm) at a thickness of 0.5 mm. TLC was conducted on normal-phase Merck Si gel 60 F254 on glass plates and the spots on thin layer chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography plates were visualized under UV light at 254 nm as well as by spraying with vanillin sulfuric acid followed by heating for 5 minutes at 110 ºC. Whole plant parts of Clerodendrum viscosum were collected from Savar, Dhaka in August 2010. A voucher specimen for this collection has been deposited in the herbarium of the

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used as traditional medicines and are effective in controlling diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-HIV property of the extracts prepared from the leaves and stems of banaba, and further purification and characterization of the active components. Aqueous and 50 per cent ethanolic extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of banaba and were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity using in vitro reporter gene based assays. Further, three compounds were isolated from the 50 per cent ethanolic extract of banaba leaves using silica gel column chromatography and characterization done by HPLC, NMR and MS analysis. To delineate the mode of action of the active compounds, reverse transcriptase assay and protease assay were performed using commercially available kits. All the extracts showed a dose dependent inhibition of HIV-1-infection in TZM-bl and CEM-GFP cell lines with a maximum from the 50...

Petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were obtained through partitioning the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Campsis radicans L. (Family. Bignoniaceae) followed by the chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites from them. A total of five triterpene compounds i.e., corosolic acid methyl ester (1), β-amyrin (2), arjunolic acid (3), maslinic acid (4) and 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-12-en-28-ursolic acid (5) were isolated from the dichloromethane fractions and their structures were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and compared the NMR data with published values.

Petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were obtained through partitioning the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Campsis radicans L. (Family. Bignoniaceae) followed by the chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites from them. A total of five triterpene compounds i.e., corosolic acid methyl ester (1), β-amyrin (2), arjunolic acid (3), maslinic acid (4) and 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-12-en-28-ursolic acid (5) were isolated from the dichloromethane fractions and their structures were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and compared the NMR data with published values.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the past work done on Lagerstroemia reginae (Lytharceae). This review summarizes the previous and current literature regarding the Lagerstroemia reginae commoly known as banaba which is used for its different biological and chemical potentiality. The plant is a medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree with elliptic or oblong-lanceolate leaves are acuminate. Flowers are generally large and posses showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as A medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree. Leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, acuminate. Flowers are large, showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as leaves posess hypoglycaemic activities, fruits are used as a local application for aphthae of the mouth, seeds are used as narcotic, bark and leaves are used as purgative while roots are considered as astringent, stimulant and fe...

The present study was conducted to estimate the mineral elements and to determine antimicrobial and radical scavenging efficacy of flower of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) belonging to the family Lythraceae. Estimation of mineral elements present in microwave digested sample of flower was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of flower was determined against 5 isolates of Streptococcus mutans, 5 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans by Agar well diffusion assay. Radical scavenging activity was performed by ABTS radical scavenging assay. The content of potassium and sodium was highest and least among major elements respectively. In case of minor elements, content of iron was highest whereas the content of nickel was least. The extract was effective in inhibiting all test microorganisms. Among bacteria, high susceptibility was observed in case of S. aureus isolates. C. neoformans was inhibited to high extent than C. albicans. The extract scavenged ABTS radicals in a dose dependent manner. The flower of L. speciosa can be used as a source of various mineral elements having key role in the normal physiology of an individual. The flower may also be used against diseases caused by infectious agents and oxidative damage caused by free radicals.

Medical and folklore reports suggest that Eugenia uniflora (E. uniflora) is a functional food that contains numerous compounds in its composition, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the best solvents (water, ethanol and methanol/acetone) for extracting bioactive compounds of E. uniflora

The main objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of crude extract of the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba). In vitro MCF-7 cell line and in vivo brine shrimp lethality bioassay methods were followed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the selected sample. In this study, the qualitative phytochemical assessment demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, steroids, phenols and flavonoids in Banaba extract. Moreover, the present findings revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of L. speciosa leaves extract on both MTT-assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 45-49, 2019

Leaf extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz. are used in the Chilean cosmetic industry on the assumption that they have decongestant, regenerative, and anti-aging properties. A bioassay-guided fractionation of this plant material showed that some extracts have potent anti-inflammatory activities. Further fractionation led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids, and the 2a-hydroxy derivatives alphitolic, asiatic, and corosolic acids. The latter three were evaluated in vivo in the mouse ear assay for their topical anti-inflammatory activity, inducing inflammation with either arachidonic acid (AA) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). Only corosolic acid was active in the AA assay, with similar potency to nimesulide, but all three triterpene acids inhibited TPA-induced inflammation with potencies comparable to that of indomethacin.

With an estimated annual incidence of one million cases, leishmaniasis is one of the top five vector-borne diseases. Currently available medical treatments involve side effects, including toxicity, non-specific targeting, and resistance development. Thus, new antileishmanial chemical entities are of the utmost interest to fight against this disease. The aim of this study was to obtain potential antileishmanial natural products from Psidium guajava leaves using a metabolomic workflow. Several crude extracts from P. guajava leaves harvested from different locations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, and subsequently evaluated for their antileishmanial activities. The putative active compounds were highlighted by multivariate correlation analysis between the antileishmanial response and chromatographic profiles of P. guajava mixtures. The results showed that the pooled apolar fractions f...

Leaf extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz. are used in the Chilean cosmetic industry on the assumption that they have decongestant, regenerative, and anti-aging properties. A bioassay-guided fractionation of this plant material showed that some extracts have potent anti-inflammatory activities. Further fractionation led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids, and the 2a-hydroxy derivatives alphitolic, asiatic, and corosolic acids. The latter three were evaluated in vivo in the mouse ear assay for their topical anti-inflammatory activity, inducing inflammation with either arachidonic acid (AA) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). Only corosolic acid was active in the AA assay, with similar potency to nimesulide, but all three triterpene acids inhibited TPA-induced inflammation with potencies comparable to that of indomethacin.

Methanolic extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (MLL) & barks (MBL) have been evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant & cytotoxic activity. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against 11 Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and 3 fungi using disk diffusion technique. Kanamycin (30μg/disc) was used as standard. Antioxidant potentiality of the extracts was investigated on DPPH scavenging activity, Total antioxidant capacity, Reducing ability as well as total phenolic contents. Cytotoxic study was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristin sulphate was used as standard. In antimicrobial study, the average zone of inhibition exhibited by MLL & MBL (each 500μg/disc) was 10-20 mm & 12-21mm respectively. In DPPH scavenging activity, IC50 value was found 27.89 ± 0.83µg/ml,21±0.61 µg/ml and 16.76 ± 1.11μg/ml for MLL, MBL and standard ascorbic acid, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was found 398.37 ± 0.22 mg/g and 346.37 ± 4.02 mg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid for MLL & MBL, respectively. Reducing ability was found concentration dependent for both the extracts. The total phenolic content was found 71.06 ± 2.01 and 60.65 ± 2.16 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid for MLL & MBL, respectively. The cytotoxicity exhibited by MLL was promising with LC50 value 9.602μg/ml, comparing with the LC50 (6.25 μg/ml) values of standard vincristin sulphate as a positive control. The results suggest into the plant extracts could be used as a potential therapeutics in many pathological conditions.

Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, occurs when there is too much cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is a soft, waxy, fat-like substance that is a natural component of all the cells of the body. Molecular docking is used to predict the binding orientation of small molecule drug candidates to their protein targets in order to in turn predict the affinity and activity of the small molecule. Hence docking plays an important role in the rational design of drugs. The present study is deals with the molecular docking of derivatives of 2α-hydroxyursolic acid which is the active component of the plant Banaba leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Pers, Lythraceae) against HMG CoA reducatse involved in cholesterol biosynthesis using AutoDock software. The protein file of HMG CoA reductase [PDB ID: 1DQ8] was taken from the protein data bank. The lead moiety 2α-hydroxyursolic acid has shown best ligand binding energy-5.32kcal/mol. All the derivatives have shown best ligand binding energy between-2.82 kcal/mol to-12.52kcal/mol. Out of the nine derivatives 1I show best ligand binding energy as-12.52 kcal/mol.

Leaf extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz. are used in the Chilean cosmetic industry on the assumption that they have decongestant, regenerative, and anti-aging properties. A bioassay-guided fractionation of this plant material showed that some extracts have potent anti-inflammatory activities. Further fractionation led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids, and the 2a-hydroxy derivatives alphitolic, asiatic, and corosolic acids. The latter three were evaluated in vivo in the mouse ear assay for their topical anti-inflammatory activity, inducing inflammation with either arachidonic acid (AA) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). Only corosolic acid was active in the AA assay, with similar potency to nimesulide, but all three triterpene acids inhibited TPA-induced inflammation with potencies comparable to that of indomethacin.

An HPTLC method has been established for rapid and simple quantitative determination of corosolic acid, a type-II (non-insulin dependant) anti-diabetic agent found in the plant Lagerstroemia speciosa. To identify the high-yielding parts of the plant, different tissues, for example leaf, stem, stem bark, root, heartwood, calyx, and fruit were extracted with 80% ethanol. The extracts were chromatographed on aluminum plates coated with silica gel 60F 254 , with chloroform-methanol 8.5:1.5 (v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric quantification of corosolic acid was performed in absorbance mode at 366 nm after derivatization. Amounts of corosolic acid in the different samples were calculated by use of the regression equations (r = 0.99603) of calibration plots, which showed there was a good linear relationship between peak area and amount of corosolic acid in the range 0.5-4.5 μg. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 6 and 16 ng, respectively. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Recovery was determined by spiking samples with corosolic acid standard before and after extraction and found to be in the range 95.80-97.13%. The maximum corosolic acid content (0.89%) was found in the leaves. 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Chemicals Different parts of L. speciosa (leaf, stem, stem bark, root, heartwood, calyx, and fruit) were collected from Naharakanta, Bhubaneswar, India, and were authenticated by taxonomists. Voucher specimens were preserved at Herbal Drugs and Bioremedies, IMMT, Bhubaneswar. All samples were dried in the shade and powdered in a pulverizer. All solvents used are of analytical grade and distilled before use.

Petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were obtained through partitioning the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Campsis radicans L. (Family. Bignoniaceae) followed by the chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites from them. A total of five triterpene compounds i.e., corosolic acid methyl ester (1), β-amyrin (2), arjunolic acid (3), maslinic acid (4) and 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-12-en-28-ursolic acid (5) were isolated from the dichloromethane fractions and their structures were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and compared the NMR data with published values.

Special Thai oolong tea is oolong tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) steamed with selected Thai botanical drugs. Oolong tea steamed with ginger (Zingiber officinale), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and celery (Anathallis graveolens L.) is called eternity tea (EN), whereas peaceful rest (PR) tea is made of oolong tea leaves steamed with Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), Turkey berry (Solanum torvum), and wild betel leaf bush leaves (Piper sarmentosum). Oolong tea is known for its numerous biological activities including antidiabetic properties. However, the effect of the additional botanical drugs on the biological activities of special oolong teas has not yet been explored. From the results, the PR extract exhibited the best activity in the in vitro assays relevant to antidiabetic properties such as chemical antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-adipogenesis, enzyme inhibition, and glucose uptake and consumption. The UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS profiles of PR and EN extracts indicate...

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used as traditional medicines and are effective in controlling diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-HIV property of the extracts prepared from the leaves and stems of banaba, and further purification and characterization of the active components. Aqueous and 50 per cent ethanolic extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of banaba and were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity using in vitro reporter gene based assays. Further, three compounds were isolated from the 50 per cent ethanolic extract of banaba leaves using silica gel column chromatography and characterization done by HPLC, NMR and MS analysis. To delineate the mode of action of the active compounds, reverse transcriptase assay and protease assay were performed using commercially available kits. All the extracts showed a dose dependent inhibition of HIV-1-infection in TZM-bl and CEM-GFP cell lines with a maximum from the 50...

Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used as traditional medicines and are effective in controlling diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-HIV property of the extracts prepared from the leaves and stems of banaba, and further purification and characterization of the active components. Aqueous and 50 per cent ethanolic extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of banaba and were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity using in vitro reporter gene based assays. Further, three compounds were isolated from the 50 per cent ethanolic extract of banaba leaves using silica gel column chromatography and characterization done by HPLC, NMR and MS analysis. To delineate the mode of action of the active compounds, reverse transcriptase assay and protease assay were performed using commercially available kits. All the extracts showed a dose dependent inhibition of HIV-1-infection in TZM-bl and CEM-GFP cell lines with a maximum from the 50...

The main objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of crude extract of the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba). In vitro MCF-7 cell line and in vivo brine shrimp lethality bioassay methods were followed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the selected sample. In this study, the qualitative phytochemical assessment demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, steroids, phenols and flavonoids in Banaba extract. Moreover, the present findings revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of L. speciosa leaves extract on both MTT-assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 45-49, 2019

Rational and efficient approaches to research and development are becoming more popular for increasing value enhancement in bioactive materials. In this study, metabolite profiles of 17 different Lagerstroemia species from different countries were performed using UPLC-QTof-MS combined with chemometric tools to identify potential metabolite predictors of antidiabetic activity. PLS-DA of the Lagerstroemia samples indicated two large, distinct clusters in the score plot. On the loading scatter plot, significant changes in metabolites of antidiabetic candidates were found between species, and two flavonol glycosides and corosolic acid were evaluated as key markers among the 25 analyzed metabolites. Based on the screening results, samples high in two triterpenic acids (corosolic acid and asiatic acid) showed a tendency to inhibit glucose uptake, which could have contributed to the correlation of active and inactive extracts. Therefore, these comprehensive results support our biochemometric models and contribute to the rational and efficient studies of pharmacologically active metabolites.

Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba) was studied for its bioactive phytoconstituents, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The nutritional values and elemental analysis were also conducted. Preliminary phytochemical tests have revealed that the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, α-amino acid, carbohydrates, starch, organic acids, phenolic compounds, saponin, glycosides, reducing sugar, tannin, steroids and terpenoids in the samples. The samples had relatively high Ca, K, P and S according to EDXRF spectrum. Proximate composition has been found as 10.75 and 14.77% of moisture, 3.36 and 0.26% of crude fat, 11.24 and 2.88% of protein, 13.76 and 38.39% of dietary fiber, 51.20 and 42.48% of carbohydrate, 9.69 and 2.42% ash, and 275 and 183 kcal /100 g based on dried leaf and fruit sample. βsitosterol, gallic acid and corosolic acid were mainly isolated from samples. In the enzymatic αglucosidase inhibitory assay, the result suggested the order of the extracts of EtOH (leaf) &g...

Jarul (It  is  also  known  as Banaba) is  a  flowering  plant  that  grows  in  warm  climate  like  the Philippines, India and others. Jarul is widely used in the Philippines and as herbal medicine for diabetes. While in India, Jarul is also used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The Jarul leaves and flowers contain corrosolic acid, a substance being studied for its insulin like effect of lowering the glucose in the body.Jarulis also being studied as a weight-loss supplement for its ability to delay or reduce the absorption of carbohydraes. Jarul is also rich in vitamins and minerals including zinc and magnesium. Jarul is also rich in dietary fibers. The scientific name the Jarul or Banaba is Lagerstroemia speciosa L (Lythraceae). It displayed that the leaves, bark,stem  seeds  of Lagerstroemia  speciosa  L was  found  to  be contain  several  bioactive  compounds such as terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and glycosides and alkaloids etc. The objective of  the  present  work  is  to  evaluate  the  antimicrobial  activity  of  fruit  (without  seeds)of Lagerstroemia  speciosa  L.Based  on  this,  a  new  series  of  constituents  had  been  planned  to extract  by  Methanol  (ML),  Ethanol  (EL),  Chloroform  (CF)  from  the  fruits  of Lagerstroemia speciosa L.  The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of fruit (without seeds) of Lagerstroemia speciosa L were carried out by using agar diffusion method using bacterial cultures Staphylococcus  aureus(ATCC 9144),  Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853, ) Escherichia coli  (ATCC  25922)and  fungal  cultures Aspergillus  niger  (ATCC  9029),  Aspergillus  flavus  (ATCC204304),    Candida  albicans  (ATCC  10231).  By  observing  it  was  found  that  most  of  the  extracts executed  moderate  to  good  antimicrobial  activity  against  the  tested  micro-organisms.The extracts were active against all the tested microorganism for anti bacterial activity with range of MIC values for S.aureus (MIC: 15-39 μg /ml),E.coli( MIC: 16-38 μg /ml) , P. aeruginosa ( MIC:15-39  μg  /ml)  and B.subtilis (14-39  μg  /ml).  The  extracts  wereactive  against  all  the  tested microorganism  for  anti  fungal  activity  with  the  range  of  MIC  values  for A.niger (MIC  :16-38μg/ml), A.flavus(18-39 μg/ml) and C.albicans(16-38 μg/ml).

The insulin plant is a traditionally used medicinal plant and a common member of ornamental plants in south Indian Gardens. Leaves are the most important part which produces significant antidiabetic activity. It reduces fasting sugar level as well as postprandial blood glucose levels. It was found that chewing on one fresh leaf of the insulin plant or consuming 1 teaspoon of the dried leaf powder daily helps in regulating blood glucose levels in persons with diabetes. The leaves of Insulin Plant contain corosolic acid and palmitoleic acid which helps to generate insulin thereby treating diabetes. It is believed that consumption of the insulin plant leaves helps lower the blood glucose levels, and diabetics who consumed the leaves of this plant report a fall in their blood glucose levels. The dried leaves are ready to be steeped just like you make a cup of tea. Boil the water until it is boiling and put the insulin leaves into the glass. Pour the boiling water into the glass which there is some dried insulin leaves. Wait a moment until the water inside the glass turns into brown. In the above studies it was found that the corosolic acid and palmitoleic acid present in the insulin plant have the ability to cure cardiovascular disease and lower blood sugar level. Glycolysis pathway, fatty acid synthesis, drug compounds and drug indication was also analyzed. The drug molecules acarbose and albiglutide present in palmitoleic acid and corosolic acid have good disease curing property.

The ethanol extract of the dried fruits of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Family -Lythraceae) was investigated for its possible antinociceptive, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities in animal models. The extract produced significant (P<0.001) writhing inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. The extract showed antidiarrhoeal activity on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice, it increased mean latent period and decreased the frequency of defecation significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01) at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight comparable to the standard drug Loperamide at the dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. The crude extract also produced the most prominent cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp Artemia salina (LC 50 = 60 µg/ml and LC 90 = 100 µg/ml). The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine and its further investigation.

Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) has several common names, which reflect its attractive and colourful pink or purple flowers. Native to South and Southeast Asia, L. speciosa is a common ornamental tree planted along roadsides, and in gardens and parks. The species has been traditionally used in folk medicine as remedy for illnesses and ailments, particularly for lowering blood sugar level, reducing body weight, and as a remedy for diabetes. The current knowledge on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of L. speciosa is reviewed since the species has been regarded as a natural product for anti-diabetic drugs. Triterpenes, tannins, ellagic acids, glycosides and flavones have been isolated from the leaves. Pharmacological properties of the species include antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiarrhoeal, cytotoxic, xanthine oxidase inhibition, anti-obesity and anti-fibrotic activities. A more exhaustive review is accorded to its anti-diabetic properties, which have generated much research involving in vitro, animal and human studies.