A Comprehensive Review on the Significance of Cysteine in Various Metabolic Disorders; Particularly CVD, Diabetes, Renal Dysfunction, and Ischemic Stroke
Current protein and peptide science/Current protein & peptide science, May 17, 2024
International journal of biology, pharmacy and allied sciences, Apr 1, 2024
Among other skin allergies, hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and urticaria (hives) are symptoms of a... more Among other skin allergies, hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and urticaria (hives) are symptoms of allergies that can be treated with loratadine, a second-generation non-sedating antihistamine. In an effort to create a dosage form for fast action that is helpful in controlling severe allergy symptoms, aids in enhancing bioavailability, and is highly easy for administration-without the need for water-a quick release film formulation of loratadine was attempted. The artificial sweetener aspartame, which also works as a saliva stimulant, was used in an effort to cover up the drug's salty flavour. Polymers like hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M), polyvinyl pyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30), and poly vinyl alcohol were used to make loratadine films via solvent casting (PVA). They passed all of the physical and chemical tests that were performed on them, including those for tensile strength, weight uniformity, thickness, folding
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, often known as SGLT2Is, are a class of medications use... more Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, often known as SGLT2Is, are a class of medications used largely for anti-diabetic activity in oral dose form that lowers blood glucose levels. In recent years, numerous trials have documented the use of medications for conditions including renal and cardiovascular illness that go beyond only decreasing blood sugar. Other benefits of SGLT2Is' glucose-lowering activities include slowing or halting the progression of chronic kidney disease, lowering estimated glomerular filtration rate, lowering albuminuria, improving renal and cardiovascular health, and reducing estimated glomerular filtration rate. Published clinical trials reported all of these SGLT2I effects. The studies that we reviewed for this article are the Canagliflozin CardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE), Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney ...
Background: DRESS syndrome is a distinctive, severe, and atypical drug reaction includes drug ras... more Background: DRESS syndrome is a distinctive, severe, and atypical drug reaction includes drug rash with eosinophilia and organ dysfunction symptoms, as well as hematological abnormalities. This disease is diagnosed using the Regis CAR (European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction) scoring system. Case presentation: A 25-year-old lady presented with complaints of skin lesion over whole body since 3 days along with multiple clear fluid filled blisters over face and chin and lesions in oral cavity, multiple ill-defined areas of erythema with multiple bullae over face and chin. She also had complained about was also having cough, breathlessness and chest pain. Conclusion: DRESS syndrome is a severe hypersensitivity reaction caused by a reaction from drug, which in this case is found to be allopurinol. The treatment for the same is firstly the withdrawal of causative drug and using corticosteroids,in this patient dexamethasone was used.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the past work done on Lagerstroemia reginae (... more Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the past work done on Lagerstroemia reginae (Lytharceae). This review summarizes the previous and current literature regarding the Lagerstroemia reginae commoly known as banaba which is used for its different biological and chemical potentiality. The plant is a medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree with elliptic or oblong-lanceolate leaves are acuminate. Flowers are generally large and posses showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as A medium-sized to large much branched deciduous tree. Leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, acuminate. Flowers are large, showy to mauve to purple in colour. The parts of the plant posses many activities as leaves posess hypoglycaemic activities, fruits are used as a local application for aphthae of the mouth, seeds are used as narcotic, bark and leaves are used as purgative while roots are considered as astringent, stimulant and fe...
Herbs have been used to treat various diseases in one form or another for the betterment of manki... more Herbs have been used to treat various diseases in one form or another for the betterment of mankind since the ancient ages. As a result of this usage, the situation gradually deteriorated due to overexploitation, resulting in a decrease in natural resource production. Looking in to the benefits, the flora and fauna were rehabilitees through tissue culture, conservation, plantation and other means to ensure their availability in their natural form. Nature is the best chemist, as it aids in the treatment of ailments and provides the results of them. It is impossible to find any plant that has no medical use. Ulcer and liver diseases are at an alarming rate in the developing countries. A number of drugs, which are in the existing medications for peptic ulcer and hepatic diseases, are on the comeback list due to their adverse effects and drug interactions. Drugs, which are derived from the flora, have an important role in treatment and show a higher rate of acceptance. Flavonoids are the naturally occurring, low-molecular-weight molecules seen mostly distributed in the vegetable kingdom and hold an utmost thurst in declining the generation of reactive oxygen species. Secondary compounds like apigenin, sylimarin, genesis, quercetin, kaempherol and catechins have a significant role in these diseases. This article focuses on the importance of flavonoids, which can serve as potent anti-ulcer and hepatoprotective agents.
The study is aimed at development of physicochemical parameters and to investigate the active pri... more The study is aimed at development of physicochemical parameters and to investigate the active principle present in Coccinia grandis. Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as Ivy Gourd is an important plant used against various disorders in indigenous system of medicine such as antioxidant, anti-hypoglycemic agent, laxative , used in the treatment of gonorreha and immune system modulator. Thus from the extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on microscopic evaluation, standardization parameters and chemo profile of Coccinia grandis and to check the identity and purity of the drug. The present work embodies the investigations carried out to establish methods for quality control of drugs as per who guidelines which includes macroscopical features, physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, foreign matter, extractive value, ash value and to investigate the phytochemical present in the extract in the preliminary level with respect to thin layer chromatography were also carried out for the quality control of the drug. Thus, it was thought worthwhile to explore this plant on the basis of these standardization parameters. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug.
The morning saliva samples collected and inoculated in the optimized Nutrient medium, incubated a... more The morning saliva samples collected and inoculated in the optimized Nutrient medium, incubated at 37 ± 2°C for 24 hours showed the organisms with specific gram character using Gram's staining method. Using Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as control, saliva as the test material and Chloramphenicol as the standard; the potential antibacterial property of saliva was evaluated on B.subtilis, S.aureus and E.coli bacterial species by measuring the zone of inhibitions. The pH conditioned medium at 7.4 gave highly populated colonial growth of the cocci species from the saliva sample after 24 hrs of incubation and were observed to be Gram negative species and displayed significant inhibitory zones when checked with Chloramphenicol conferring to its antibacterial nature. Thus the biological fluid, saliva confirmed the presence of cocci which were proven to be possessing potent antibacterial properties for immune and non-immune defence systems.
Summary The morning saliva samples collected and inoculated in the optimized Nutrient medium, inc... more Summary The morning saliva samples collected and inoculated in the optimized Nutrient medium, incubated at 37 ± 2°C for 24 hours showed the organisms with specific gram character using Gram’s staining method. Using Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as control, saliva as the test material and Chloramphenicol as the standard; the potential antibacterial property of saliva was evaluated on B.subtilis, S.aureus and E.coli bacterial species by measuring the zone of inhibitions. The pH conditioned medium at 7.4 gave highly populated colonial growth of the cocci species from the saliva sample after 24 hrs of incubation and were observed to be Gram negative species and displayed significant inhibitory zones when checked with Chloramphenicol conferring to its antibacterial nature. Thus the biological fluid, saliva confirmed the presence of cocci which were proven to be possessing potent antibacterial properties for immune and non3immune defence systems.
Current Trends in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jul 15, 2021
Niosome are non-ionic surfactant vesicles. These are obtained by hydrating combination of cholest... more Niosome are non-ionic surfactant vesicles. These are obtained by hydrating combination of cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants. It is used as carrier for amphiphilic and lipophilic medicine. Niosomes are identity assemble vesicles collected largely of artificial surfactants and cholesterol. Drug delivery potential of niosomes can be enhanced in use of novel drug delivery concepts similar to proniosomes, discomes and aspasomes. By reducing the clearance the rate of noisomes they provide better help in analytic imaging and as a vaccine adjuvant. As well as they supply better support in analytic imaging and as a vaccine adjuvant. This short communication reviews the niosomes.
Analgesic Activity of Methanolic extract of Tagetes Erectus
The methanolic extract of Tagetes erectus has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice o... more The methanolic extract of Tagetes erectus has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice of either sex. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg significantly (P< 0.05) showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control and standard drug Diclofenac Sodium (5 mg/kg). The analgesic activity was also assessed by increasing the pain threshold level in tail immersion test in mice at dose of 50 mg/kg compared with standard drug Aspirin (25 mg/kg). The results suggest that the extract acts peripherally to produce significant analgesic action.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Chlorophytum Borivilianum
Extracts of leaves and stems of Chlorophytum borivilianum San and Fern (aerial parts) were subjec... more Extracts of leaves and stems of Chlorophytum borivilianum San and Fern (aerial parts) were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the presence of plant secondary metabolites and in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal studies. The results of the preliminary investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroidal nucleus, saponins and tannins in both parts. The methanolic extract of leaf and stems part were investigated in vitro antimicrobial activity using agar disc diffusion technique. Six clinical strains of human pathogenic microorganisms, comprising 3 Gram positive, 1 Gram negative and 2 fungi were utilized in the studies. The leaf extract of Chlorophytum borivilianum displayed overwhelming concentration dependent antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, far above that of ampicillin used in the study at a concentration of 1.0 g/ml. The extract was less sensitive to the 2 Gram negative bacteria in th...
Review Article CLERODENDRUM INERME: A CURRENT REVIEW
The genus Clerodendrum L. (Family: Lamiaceae) is very widely distributed in tropical and subtropi... more The genus Clerodendrum L. (Family: Lamiaceae) is very widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. More than five hundred species of the genus are identified till now, which includes small trees, shrubs and herbs. Ethno-medical importance of various species of Clerodendrum genus has been reported in various indigenous systems of medicines and as folk medicines. The genus is being used as medicines specifically in Indian, Chinese, Thai, Korean, Japanese systems of medicine for the treatment of various life threatening diseases such as syphilis, typhoid, cancer, jaundice and hypertension. Along with biological studies, isolation and identification studies of chemical constituents and its correlation with the biological activities of the genus has also been studied. The major chemical components reported from the genus are phenolic, steroids, di- and triterpenes, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc.
Medicinal Plants are considered as part and parcel for human society to combact diseases fom the ... more Medicinal Plants are considered as part and parcel for human society to combact diseases fom the very beginning of civilization. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) commonly known as Neem is an important plant used against various disorders in indigenous system of medicine such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, antifugal, antibacterial and antihistaminic. Thus from the extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on microscopic evaluation, standardization parameters and chemo profile of Azadirachta indica and to check the identity and purity of the drug. The present work embodies the investigations carried out to establish methods for quality control of drugs as per who guidelines which includes macroscopical features, physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, foreign matter, extractive value, ash value and to investigate the phytochemical present in the extract in the preliminary level with respect to thin layer chromatography were also...
The methanolic extract of Nerium indicum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and ... more The methanolic extract of Nerium indicum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and starch in phytochemical investigation. Total phenolic content of the drug was estimated by Folin Ciocatteu’s method and was found to be 55.20 µg/10 ml. Analgesic activity was performed using three models they are Writhing, Tail-flick activity and Hot plate models. The methanoilc extract showed 44.51% inhibition in Writhing model, 50.09 % for 30 sec’s and 62.45 % in 60 sec and hot plate method showed 47.31%. Analgesic activity was carried out and the results were encouraging, which stated that the methanolic extract of Nerium indicum showed significant peripheral analgesic activity. The mechanism of analgesic activity action of Nerium indicum may be due to its inhibitiory effect on the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Powder Microscopy, Ash Value Correspondence to Author
The study is aimed at development of physicochemical parameters and to investigate the active pri... more The study is aimed at development of physicochemical parameters and to investigate the active principle present in Tridax Procumbens Linn. Tridax Procumbens Linn. (Asteraceae) commonly known as Coat Buttons is an important plant used against various disorders in indigenous system of medicine such as Wound-Healing, Hepatoprotective, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-diabetic and Immunomodulatory activities. Thus from the extensive literature survey it was revealed that no reports were available on microscopic evaluation, standardization parameters and chemo profile of Tridax Procumbens to check the identity and purity of the drug. The present work embodies the investigations carried out to establish methods for quality control of drugs as per WHO guidelines: complete botanical evaluation which comprises
Plants are the best source of active secondary metabolites which are beneficial to mankind. Many ... more Plants are the best source of active secondary metabolites which are beneficial to mankind. Many plant origin drugs have been reported with biological properties like Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, hypoglycemic agents and many more. Five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extract of Bridelia patens have been studied for both in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activites. The different extracts showed remarkable inhibitory action against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria and two fungal species.
The paper presents the pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia oleracea Linn. (Amaranthac... more The paper presents the pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia oleracea Linn. (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as Palak, a traditional medicinal plant with high nutritional value, used as anti diabetic, anti bacterial and hepatoprotective agent. Extensive literature survey revealed that no reports were available on organoleptic, microscopic and physicochemical properties of Spinacia oleracea Linn. The present study was undertaken to perform pharmacognostical research which can support the identification and characterization of the plant. Available online on www.ijpsr.com 41International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research ISSN: 0975-8232 INTRODUCTION: A high intake of fruit and vegetables is well known to have positive effects on human health and has been correlated to a
The methanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) whole plant was evaluated for its effica... more The methanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) whole plant was evaluated for its efficacy against wound healing activity by excision wound healing models using Albino wistar rat. In this study whole plant parts powder were extracted using methanol, it was used further for evaluation of wound healing activity. Wound healing activity was assessed by observing the following parameters, period of epithelialization and measuring the area of wound contraction for excision model. The methanolic extract of the whole plant of Wedelia chinensis showed the significant wound healing activity on excision wound healing model which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction. Therefore the present investigation revealed the traditional claim of Wedelia chinensis as a wound healing drug in the Indian system of medicine.
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