Co-Location

Entrepreneurial marketing and branding have become critical components of startup success, particularly in the digital age where competition is fierce, and consumer attention is fragmented. This study explores the unique marketing challenges faced by startups and examines the strategies they employ to build strong brands with limited resources. Through a mixed-methods approach, including case studies and surveys of 50 early-stage ventures, the research identifies key factors such as digital marketing, storytelling, and customer-centric approaches that contribute to effective entrepreneurial branding. The findings highlight the importance of agility, creativity, and authenticity in startup marketing, offering practical insights for entrepreneurs and suggestions for future research.

The study of entrepreneurship literature has highlighted the presence of a number of antecedents of successful initiatives at individual, organizational, and ecosystem level. Such conditions assume more peculiar meaning, relevance, and dynamics in the context of technology-based ventures. In them, the entrepreneurial process is conceived, designed, and undertaken in a landscape of digital platforms and multi-stakeholder communities that interact within digital ecosystems. In such an endeavor, the objective of the chapter is to define the multiple meanings of digital entrepreneurship as well as the distinguishing features and "dimensions" of successful digital entrepreneurship. Using theory and practical evidence, a set of key success factors and enabling or facilitating conditions are extracted and organized along a process-based view showing the different stages and steps of the entrepreneurial roadmap. The study is undertaken using a combined desk, premarket, and market view of the entrepreneurial process. The final purpose is to derive the digital entrepreneurship "genome" as well as the key activities for its effective management. While a genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes, and contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism, the idea of the digital entrepreneurship genome is to identify and classify the DNA of successful digital entrepreneurship. This is done by providing an initial reference framework useful for further theory and practitioner development. In theory, the study can be a knowledge platform for investigating the antecedents for the success of digital entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, for practitioners, the chapter provides a reference guide and management checklist to design and implement more effective initiatives aimed to facilitate, nurture, and develop successful entrepreneurial processes in digital settings.

Digital technology always accelerates change, altering organisations culturally, socially and technically. These modifications are known as "digital transformation" (DT). On a much greater scale than DT, the world was changed in 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic, which re-organised society in the way of thinking, acting, producing, consuming and creating new business. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) were no different, since these institutions had to make changes to the student-lecturer interaction; teaching-learning, where DT had a relevant role, above all in academic entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study aims to propose a framework showing the structural pillars of the link between digital transformation (DT) and academic entrepreneurship (AC) (DT-AC Framework). This framework identifies the new patterns, methods, skills and other discoveries in aspects such as management, information systems and culture sciences. The intention is not to analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic imposed global structural changes, but because of it, lecturers and students found their DT accelerated and intensified, and so it is necessary to investigate the pillars supporting academic entrepreneurship. The results show that DT was already emerging as a basic element of academic entrepreneurship before the pandemic, but the process has speeded up. This bibliometric study indicates the structural pillars that support entrepreneurship following the Covid19 pandemic, as created from DT in universities, providing an extensive systematic review that indicates the cause and effect of the academic entrepreneurship process.

Despite the importance of media entrepreneurship, this field is poorly studied by scholars of entrepreneurship during the past decade. Nevertheless, scholars in the field of media and communication studies- such as Hoag (2008), Ferrier (2013), Khajeheian (2017 a,b), Salamzadeh et al. (2019); Horst & Hitters (2020); Achtenhagen (2020)- have recently put more emphasis on this emerging field. Nevertheless, why this field is interesting? Is there any significant difference between media entrepreneurs and other types of entrepreneurs? What is specific about media entrepreneurship? These are among several open questions in this domain. If one focuses on the particularities of media entrepreneurship, he/she will notice that these entrepreneurs are among the most famous players of the entrepreneurial scenes Salamzadeh & Radovic Markovic, (2018). For instance, founders of Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Telegram are among the most famous media entrepreneurs who are titled as "entrep...

The use of digital media enables entrepreneurs to develop their startups in strategic manner. However, how entrepreneurs develop their identity through digital media is currently underexplored. Our focus is on how entrepreneurs describe their products and, in turn, how that shapes the growth of their businesses. The purpose was to take a sociological scrutiny of different processes of developing identity through digital media. The specific objective of the study is to establish the factors responsible for the promotion of digital entrepreneur process amongst others. Survey research design was adopted to meet the objective. The data consists of 50 qualitative interview guide were used in the entrepreneur start-up clinic of both Association of Business Development Professional in Nigeria (ABDPIN) and Longrich Networking Entrepreneurs Webinars. Interview method was used to collect the data. Qualitative analysis was chosen because Its methods are exploratory. Findings to this objective was that the practice of strategic sparring and brand co-creation facilitate the development towards three alternative identity types. The study highlighted the need for every startup to prioritize data collection in order to understand the way to tap into intended audiences and influence them. The economic and sociological theories of entrepreneurship were adopted to help understand what motivates startups. It was concluded that as technology become more powerful, digital business platforms will emerge the leading order of business. Amongst the recommendations made was that there is need for digital startup to understand that Social Media Marketing is one of the best ways to get exposure and customers.

Though there has been plenty of research into new product success factors, only a few studies have tried to analyse whether these factors are important in different settings. In this study, we propose and test a model that links physical proximity among functional units, presence of product champions, crossfunctional harmony, and new product program performance. The moderating effects of perceived technological turbulence on relationships between new product performance and its antecedents are also tested. Our results, obtained from 151 managers working for Spanish firms with a R&D department, confirm the different impact of these factors on the three measures of performance considered and also on two groups of organizations, the ones that perceive high technological turbulence and the ones that perceive low technological turbulence.

Despite having one of the fastest rates of wind power growth in Europe, offshore wind power development in Spain has been relatively slow. One of the factors affecting its deployment is strong local opposition. In this paper, we explore the main factors affecting local perceptions of offshore wind farms in the coastal regions of Southern Spain. We also compare local opinions of on-land and offshore farms, their impacts on local landscapes/seascapes, and their compatibility with local practices and values. To this end, a multi-phase research approach was applied, based on several stages of data collection and analysis and on surveys conducted between 2012 and 2022. Our study shows that the conflicts surrounding offshore wind farms are linked to the perception of the sea and the wind as important local resources and the perceived right of the coastal region to use these resources to generate wealth for their communities. The coastal communities’ values, perceptions, and practices rega...

This research is an initial attempt to provide a prototype that can be used and scaled up to stablish a coexistence plan between commercial fishers and offshore wind energy developers. It provides recommendations for improving co-existence practices between the two sectors through the lens of building trust and benefit sharing opportunities. Within a common deductive thematic framework, thirty three interview data was categorized into appropriate codes using NVivo Plus 12 Software. The interviews produced more than 500 useful text references, which were categorised into four main themes and 15 subthemes; 437 references (87%) were related to co-existence. The perception, knowledge and expectations of the research participants on the potential community benefit options was gauged using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The comments raised from interviews showed a strong link between: Communication (an important element of trust); Sharing of knowledge (a sign of respect and ...

This study examines the direct and combined effects of managerial output control and team autonomy on the speed of new product development (NPD). The study also explores the moderating effect of product newness on the previous relationships. By studying 247 new product projects, we found that managerial output control is positively related to NPD speed. A positive interaction effect was found between managerial output control and team autonomy on NPD speed. Specifically, the results show that when managerial output control is high, team autonomy has a positive impact on the speed of new product development. Team autonomy has no influence on new product development speed otherwise. Regarding the moderating role of product newness, results indicate that managerial output control is more positively related to the speed of low innovative products than that of high innovative products.

Entrepreneurs connect with people in their networks to help them pursue their entrepreneurial activities. This article describes the results of a small pilot study focused on how Iranian immigrant entrepreneurs in Canada use their social networks during the process of starting and developing a business. Through in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected from five Iranian entrepreneurs in the media industry. We analyze the members identified were in the entrepreneurs’ social networks, how these individuals supported the entrepreneurs, and what the effects of the support were in both phases of the business lifecycle: start-up (phase I) and growth (phase II).

INTRODUCTION: Media entrepreneurship in Web 3.0 is focused on the entrepreneurial activities of individual entrepreneurs and small media firms. Web 3.0 and social media platforms have provided a unique opportunity for start-ups and small businesses, which enables them to propose value to the demanding customers (Labafi and Williams, 2018). The Web 3.0 concept describes social communication platforms that adds the element of cooperation to the communication characteristics evident in Web 2.0 and the cognition characteristic evident in Web 1.0 (Fochs, 2017). Social media platforms enables media and technological start-ups to offer their innovations without market entry barriers. Today, social media platforms is a significant breeder of entrepreneurial pursuits. The entrepreneurial possibilities created by web 3.0 has been of interest to researchers in the study of media entrepreneurship. The value proposition presented by social media platforms has led to a heightened interest in its ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial intention on performance development mediated by social media in digital start-ups. The study population includes the managers of 416 digital start-ups. Based on Cochran's formula and with an error level of 5% at 95% confidence level, the minimum number of samples for this study was estimated to be 199. To collect data, a standard 29-item questionnaire was distributed online in 2020. This research has investigated the relationships between variables by using PLS3 software and structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the components of entrepreneurial intention including knowledge sharing, reputation, social relations and identity have a positive effect on the performance of digital start-ups mediated by social media. Furthermore, the results show that successful companies are constantly creating and distributing new knowledge and rapidly applying it to new technologies and products.

Coastal seas around the world are under increasing anthropogenic pressures due to the rapid expansion of maritime industry and coastal urbanisation. Multi-use (MU) of ocean space, meaning the use of the same space by multiple resource users, has emerged as one strategy to address spatial conflicts resulting from an increasing use density. The proposed multi-use of offshore wind farms (OWF) and mariculture (MAQ) is one of the most-researched examples of such a potentially symbiotic relationship. Two decades of public and academic discourse have produced an abundance of research regarding various facets of this particular combination. Nevertheless, the latest research projects of the EUs Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme have identified a number of persistent barriers to continued multi-use development. The past and current public discourse has created a situation where technological readiness has outpaced societal readiness and the discussion is often complicated by the ...

The innovation process has traditionally been understood as a predefined sequence of phases: idea generation, selection, development, and launch/diffusion/sales. Drawing upon contingency theory, we argue that innovation process may follow a number of different paths. Our research focuses on a clear theoretical and managerial question, i.e., how does a firm organize and plan resource allocation for those innovation processes that do not easily fit into traditional models. This question, in turn, leads to our research question: Which configuration of innovation processes and resource allocation should be employed in a given situation, and what is the rationale behind the choice? Based on a large-scale study analyzing 132 innovation projects in 72 companies, we propose a taxonomy of eight different innovation processes with specific rationales that depend on a project's contingencies.

The paper summarize a potential environmental impacts of OWFs, recognized from a literature review a n d g i v e s a n c o m p r e h e n s i v e overview of these impacts on the fish communities during the preconstruction, construction and operation phase of OWFs. The most important benefit of this paper is conclusion that OWF, based on current results, is not believed to impose any significant negative effects on the fish fauna, which is of the outmost importance for a future application of OWfs and discussion on their impact on environment.

This paper aims to investigate an agile, knowledge-based, innovative, and integrated solution for businesses, i.e., “Digital entrepreneurship”, which means creating new ventures and transforming existing businesses by developing novel digital technologies and novel usage of such technologies. On the one hand, financing the projects is unaffordable for the companies, and a crowdsourcing platform is a good way to mitigate the burden of expenditure. The Digital Entrepreneurship process is a multidisciplinary field: developing software is rooted in information systems (IS), conceptualising business models, and formulating strategy. In addition to that, digital entrepreneurship is located at the junction of knowledge, business, and institutional entrepreneurship. This complicated nature of digital entrepreneurship requires a strategy. The type of opportunities they pursue characterises the strategy of formation and sustainability for a new venture; therefore, the entrepreneurs need to se...

This paper aims to address the gap concerning our knowledge about early purchasing's involvement (EPI) in new product development (NPD) projects in contexts characterized by discontinuous innovation. We adopt a dynamic capability perspective to explore how existing sourcing and supplier relationship management capabilities are adapted when purchasing agents become involved in discontinuous innovations projects. We use an embedded case-study approach to study four NPD projects in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) company. The case studies are based on interviews with managers and staff from the research and development, purchasing, and marketing departments, as well as suppliers involved in the projects. Our empirical findings capture emerging purchasing practices including a "reversed" sourcing process, purchasing-marketing interaction, and the coordination of "a learning atmosphere" between the R&D department and suppliers through proactive innovation meetings and creativity workshops. We derive propositions to conduct further research into the role of the purchasing department in times of discontinuous innovation. We also provide a framework of sourcing and supplier-relationship practices that firms can use when embarking on discontinuous innovation.

Though there has been plenty of research into new product success factors, only a few studies have tried to analyse whether these factors are important in different settings. In this study, we propose and test a model that links physical proximity among functional units, presence of product champions, crossfunctional harmony, and new product program performance. The moderating effects of perceived technological turbulence on relationships between new product performance and its antecedents are also tested. Our results, obtained from 151 managers working for Spanish firms with a R&D department, confirm the different impact of these factors on the three measures of performance considered and also on two groups of organizations, the ones that perceive high technological turbulence and the ones that perceive low technological turbulence.

JOCIS is a Scientific Journal created by MediaXXI/ Formalpress in partnership with several international entities, such as International Media Management Academic Association (IMMAA), and also with the collaboration of the Centre for Research in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC. Digital) of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto and the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of the University Nova of Lisbon. Co-directed by Terry Flew and Paulo Faustino, JOCIS is created, designed and peer-reviewed by a highly qualified international team of academic researchers and publishers with years of experience.

Coastal seas around the world are under increasing anthropogenic pressures due to the rapid expansion of maritime industry and coastal urbanisation. Multi-use (MU) of ocean space, meaning the use of the same space by multiple resource users, has emerged as one strategy to address spatial conflicts resulting from an increasing use density. The proposed multi-use of offshore wind farms (OWF) and mariculture (MAQ) is one of the most-researched examples of such a potentially symbiotic relationship. Two decades of public and academic discourse have produced an abundance of research regarding various facets of this particular combination. Nevertheless, the latest research projects of the EUs Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme have identified a number of persistent barriers to continued multi-use development. The past and current public discourse has created a situation where technological readiness has outpaced societal readiness and the discussion is often complicated by the ...

Coastal seas around the world are under increasing anthropogenic pressures due to the rapid expansion of maritime industry and coastal urbanisation. Multi-use (MU) of ocean space, meaning the use of the same space by multiple resource users, has emerged as one strategy to address spatial conflicts resulting from an increasing use density. The proposed multi-use of offshore wind farms (OWF) and mariculture (MAQ) is one of the most-researched examples of such a potentially symbiotic relationship. Two decades of public and academic discourse have produced an abundance of research regarding various facets of this particular combination. Nevertheless, the latest research projects of the EUs Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme have identified a number of persistent barriers to continued multi-use development. The past and current public discourse has created a situation where technological readiness has outpaced societal readiness and the discussion is often complicated by the ...

New product development (NPD) speed is a key component of time-based strategy, which has become increasingly important for managing innovation in a fast-changing business environment. This metaanalytic review assesses the generalizability of the relationships between NPD speed and 17 of its antecedents to provide a better understanding of the salient and cross-situationally consistent factors that affect NPD speed. We grouped the antecedents into four categories of strategy, project, process, and team, and found that process and team characteristics are more generalizable and cross-situationally consistent determinants of NPD speed than strategy and project characteristics. We also conducted subgroup analyses and found that research method variables, such as level of analysis, source of data, and measurement of speed, moderate the relationships between NPD speed and its antecedents. We apply the study's findings to assess several models of NPD speed, such as the balanced model of product development, the strategic orientation and organizational capability model, the compression vs. the experiential model, the centrifugal and centripetal model, and the product development cycle time model. We also discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice.

Adopting a contingency framework, this paper explores consequences of manufacturing outsourcing and product/process newness for R&D-manufacturing coordination. Based on case-study findings, the following coordination challenges are outlined: accessing manufacturing competence and understanding suppliers' processes (outsourcing of manufacturing and high newness); receiving feedback from suppliers and motivating suppliers (outsourcing and low-medium newness); exploiting manufacturing competence and establishing close working relations (internalization of manufacturing and high newness); early involvement of manufacturing and suppliers, and reducing variability in supplier performance (internalization and low-medium newness). The paper further elaborates on how the role of purchasing may change in order to address these challenges.

Using data from 137 completed new product design (NPD) projects, we examine the direct and indirect effects on new product design quality of technological novelty, project organization complexity, and design-manufacturing integration (DMI). We use structural equation modeling to test the potential of DMI as a mediator of the effects of project organization complexity and technology novelty on product design quality. The results suggest that DMI is a strong driver of design quality, whereas technology novelty and project organization complexity serve to improve design quality only indirectly, in so much as they are associated with greater DMI. These findings extend prior research by establishing the importance of DMI at the NPD project level, suggesting that it is an effective means for coping with technological uncertainty and project organization complexity. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and for managerial practice.

The nature of cross-functional relationships during NPD projects has received considerable research attention with an emphasis on achieving successful integration. To achieve this functional integration new product development activities often require functional specialists to communicate with one another to achieve their respective task goals. This study examines the frequency of communication within NPD projects as reported by R&D Manager from 184 Australian NPD projects. We find that informal methods of communication have a positive relationship with three key NPD outcome variables such as perceived relationship effectiveness, interpersonal collaboration and NPD project success. This study provides empirical support for the proposition that while formal communication methods are useful in NPD activities the communication process should not be overly formalized and thus prevent informal communication to occur between managers.

Effective cross-functional integration between Marketing and R&D functions is considered essential to achieve key NPD outcomes. To achieve this integration, functional specialists need to communicate effectively with one another to achieve their respective task goals. This paper examines the role of two forms of interpersonal communication, formal and informal, on three key NPD outcome variablesNPD success, perceived relationship effectiveness, and interpersonal collaboration. The relationships between these variables are tested in a structural model using PLS. Data was collected from 184 R&D Managers in Australia who worked on NPD projects. Our results show that both formal and informal communication have a positive effect on NPD success and on Marketing Manager/R&D Manager working relationships. This study provides empirical support for the proposition that whilst formal communication between managers is important in NPD projects, managers should also be aware that informal commu...

Purpose-The primary objective of this research is to test a model examining interpersonal trust between marketing managers and R&D managers during new product development projects. Design/methodology/approach-In this study interpersonal trust as a bi-dimensional construct with cognitive and affective components is conceptualised. The authors' integrative structural model specifies Weber's structural/bureaucratic dimensions-formalisation and centralisation to predict three communication dimensions, communication frequency, quality, and bi-directionality. In turn these communication dimensions are used to predict cognition-based trust, and affect-based trust. In addition, the paper models the direct effects of the three communication dimensions on a dependent variable-perceived relationship effectiveness. The hypothesised model consists of 16 hypotheses, seven of which relate to the two focal interpersonal trust constructs. The measures were tested and a structural model estimated by using PLS. Data were provided by 184 R&D managers in Australia, reporting on their working relationship with a counterpart marketing manager during a recent product development project. Findings-The hypothesized model has high explanatory power and it was found that both trust dimensions strongly influenced the effectiveness of marketing/R&D relationships during new product development, with cognition-based trust having the strongest impact. The results also reveal which forms of communication help to build interpersonal trust. The most powerful effect was from communication quality to cognition-based trust. The next strongest effects were from bi-directional communication, which was a strong predictor of affect-based trust, and a somewhat weaker predictor of cognition-based trust. Interestingly, the direct effects of our three communication behaviours on relationship effectiveness were modest, suggesting that their relationship building effects are largely indirect. Last, it is revealed that bureaucratic means of control on product development projects have mixed effects. As expected, centralisation reduces cross-functional communication. In contrast, formalisation has a positive effect during product development, as it stimulates both the frequency and bi-directionality of communication between marketing managers and R&D managers on these projects. Originality/value-This is the first study to treat interpersonal trust as the focal construct in marketing/R&D relationships during new product development. Moreover, it is the only study of marketing/R&D relationships to conceptualise, measure, and model two underlying dimensions of interpersonal trust (cognition-based trust, and affect-based trust). Our study also integrates aspects of Weber's theory of bureaucracy, with interaction theory, and demonstrates the strong links between these theoretical frameworks.

The installation of base station antennas within close frequency range in a co-located scenario constitutes a major interference for radio spectrum engineers. In a co-located setting involving a downlink frequency of CDMA2000 (1960-1990MHz) and an uplink frequency of WCDMA (1920-1980MHz) as used in the telecommunication industry in Nigeria, the base station receiver is required to receive low amplitude desired signals in the presence of strong transmitting power signals resulting to sideband noise interference. The paper identifies the major mechanism of the sideband noise and proposes the application of a Butterworth Band Pass Filter (BBPF) as a mitigation technique. The technique was developed through the applications of empirical and mathematical analysis conducted in two different scenarios to evaluate the levels of the interference signals on the WCDMA receiver from CDMA2000 transmitter. The first scenario involved a standalone un-collocated WCDMA network while the second scenario involved a co-located network (CDMA2000 and WCDMA). A 52dB required attenuation specification was obtained for the BBPF design.

The offshore wind energy sector in the UK has grown rapidly since the first turbine generators were installed in 2000: by 2016 there were over 1400 installed turbines with combined capacity of 5.1GW. The sector is considered by UK Government as essential to the development of a low carbon economy and to meeting binding targets on carbon reduction and renewable energy generation. The Crown Estate, responsible for licensing development on the sea bed around the UK, has held 3 rounds of licensing since 2000 for wind developments. Some of the projects in the first two rounds suffered long delays due to uncertainty of project level impacts, particularly cumulative impacts. A number of key stakeholders identified a need for cumulative impact assessment methodology to be developed that was definitive and endorsed by regulators and industry to aid unblocking barriers to delivery. This paper explores the background to the development of such guidelines and how they were 'co-created' with industry and regulators. We evaluate to what extent they have been used to shape and develop practice.

The offshore wind energy sector in the UK has grown rapidly since the first turbine generators were installed in 2000: by 2016 there were over 1400 installed turbines with combined capacity of 5.1GW. The sector is considered by UK Government as essential to the development of a low carbon economy and to meeting binding targets on carbon reduction and renewable energy generation. The Crown Estate, responsible for licensing development on the sea bed around the UK, has held 3 rounds of licensing since 2000 for wind developments. Some of the projects in the first two rounds suffered long delays due to uncertainty of project level impacts, particularly cumulative impacts. A number of key stakeholders identified a need for cumulative impact assessment methodology to be developed that was definitive and endorsed by regulators and industry to aid unblocking barriers to delivery. This paper explores the background to the development of such guidelines and how they were 'co-created' with industry and regulators. We evaluate to what extent they have been used to shape and develop practice.

Though there has been plenty of research into new product success factors, only a few studies have tried to analyse whether these factors are important in different settings. In this study, we propose and test a model that links physical proximity among functional units, presence of product champions, crossfunctional harmony, and new product program performance. The moderating effects of perceived technological turbulence on relationships between new product performance and its antecedents are also tested. Our results, obtained from 151 managers working for Spanish firms with a R&D department, confirm the different impact of these factors on the three measures of performance considered and also on two groups of organizations, the ones that perceive high technological turbulence and the ones that perceive low technological turbulence.

This majority decision of the High Court may be of interest to local councils on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander land, and to councils who maintain council housing stock. It discusses the interaction of the Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (ACT) (Residential Tenancies Act) with the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986 (Cth) (‘Land Grant Act’). The judgement notes that land rights legislation in Queensland and the Northern Territory do not create exclusive and exhaustive codes. The High Court was not persuaded that the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council was in a different position from other landowners, with more power to determine for itself the terms of the leases granted to its tenants, notwithstanding that it was subject control by its members in a reasonably direct manner. The Residential Tenancies Act could circumscribe that power.

Purpose: Digital media technologies transform the ways in which entrepreneurs communicate, organize and strategize. Yet, how strategy work is practiced as a form of "mediated" engagement with audiences through social media technologies remains a novel ground. Therefore, this paper traces the growing interdisciplinary literature and describes (1) how media is playing a more predominant role in entrepreneurship, (2) how classical media entrepreneurship is opening up, and (3) how digital media entrepreneurship (DME) emerges. Subsequently, the paper envisions how DME can be seen as a strategic practice of entrepreneurs. Methodology: Our paper constructs new theoretical concepts based on existing frames and discussions. We purposefully review relevant literature and create an idiosyncratic interpretation of what digital media entrepreneurship entails. Findings/Contribution: We discuss implications for entrepreneurial strategy work regarding entrepreneurial identity development and entrepreneurial knowledge construction, with a particular emphasis on co-location. Overall, this contributes to our understanding of strategy work of beginning entrepreneurs and sheds light on possibilities for future research.

The Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies – JOCIS, a scientific international publication, aims to stimulate the production, sharing, dissemination and transference of knowledge about creative and cultural areas and activities. In addition to the classical model of a magazine in this field, JOCIS will have interviews with specialists, summaries of studies, reviews of scientific events and reading proposals. Since creativity is also essential to a scientific magazine, we will be constantly improving and searching for better design solutions appreciated by our readers.

The installation of base station antennas within close frequency range in a co-located scenario constitutes a major interference for radio spectrum engineers. In a co-located setting involving a downlink frequency of CDMA2000 (1960-1990MHz) and an uplink frequency of WCDMA (1920-1980MHz) as used in the telecommunication industry in Nigeria, the base station receiver is required to receive low amplitude desired signals in the presence of strong transmitting power signals resulting to sideband noise interference. The paper identifies the major mechanism of the sideband noise and proposes the application of a Butterworth Band Pass Filter (BBPF) as a mitigation technique. The technique was developed through the applications of empirical and mathematical analysis conducted in two different scenarios to evaluate the levels of the interference signals on the WCDMA receiver from CDMA2000 transmitter. The first scenario involved a standalone un-collocated WCDMA network while the second scenario involved a co-located network (CDMA2000 and WCDMA). A 52dB required attenuation specification was obtained for the BBPF design.

An efficient noise cancellation technique for a co-located network was realized using Adaptive Noise Cancellation Technique (ANCT). The technique was developed as improved feature to the classical application of passive filters. The paper focused on achieving a theoretical perfect cancellation considering three essential parameters: the amplitude, phase and delay characteristics of the signal and noise at both the primary path and the reference path of the co-located system. An experimental test-bed of the ANC Architecture was developed using Matlab-Simulink block design which demonstrated the error signals before and after cancellation.

The installation of base station antennas within close frequency range in a co-located scenario constitutes a major interference for radio spectrum engineers. In a co-located setting involving a downlink frequency of CDMA2000 (1960 and an uplink frequency of WCDMA (1920 as used in the telecommunication industry in Nigeria, the base station receiver is required to receive low amplitude desired signals in the presence of strong transmitting power signals resulting to sideband noise interference. The paper identifies the major mechanism of the sideband noise and proposes the application of a Butterworth Band Pass Filter (BBPF) as a mitigation technique. The technique was developed through the applications of empirical and mathematical analysis conducted in two different scenarios to evaluate the levels of the interference signals on the WCDMA receiver from CDMA2000 transmitter. The first scenario involved a standalone un-collocated WCDMA network while the second scenario involved a co-located network (CDMA2000 and WCDMA). A 52dB required attenuation specification was obtained for the BBPF design.

In focusing on R&D and marketing departments within the same business units in 31 German companies, data were obtained on the success rate of innovations, causes for failure of innovations, marketing and technology strategy, and the dynamics of the technological environment. Semistructured interview protocols were used for obtaining the data. Although marketing was mentioned as the most important cause for innovation failure, it was found that the reasons for the failure of product innovation were embedded in complex multidimensional factors related to the fit between strategic behavior and the demands of the competitive environment. Four different technology strategies were identified: defensive imitator, process developer, aggressive specialist, and aggressive innovator. Four different marketing strategies were identified: defensive imitator, market defender, market penetrator, and innovative marketer. Our data did not show any relationship between the technology and marketing strategies. We found that under a dynamic technological environment, firms used an aggressive marketing strategy and a less aggressive technology strategy. Finally, our data indicate that the technology push factor was no less effective than a market pull factor in determining innovation success.

There is a need to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of marketing-manufacturing integration (MMI) in new product development. In this paper we examine the influences of MMI in each of four stages of new product development (NPD) on new product time and success. A path analysis of data collected from 467 completed NPD projects indicates that increased MMI in each stage of product development is respectively associated with greater product competitive advantage, which in turn is associated with higher project return on investment (ROI). Greater MMI is also significantly associated with longer product commercialisation (PC) stages of new product development, but the data indicate little significant relationship between NPD project time and project return on investment. Hence, increased MMI may require added NPD time, but this drawback appears to be outweighed by the added benefits accrued to greater product competitive advantage. # (M. Swink), songmi@umkc.edu (M. Song). URL: http://www.bloch.umkc.edu/4747troost/song/ 1 Tel.: +1 816 235 5841; fax: 1 816 235 6529. 0272-6963/$ -see front matter #

Growing concerns about climate change and energy security have fueled a rapid increase in the development of marine renewable energy installations. Offshore wind farming is an emerging technology in the field of renewable energies. Technological advances allow the installation of higher capacity turbines in deeper waters, but there is still a lot to learn about the effects on marine and anthropogenic environment. This activity should be also examined in the context of other anthropogenic drivers (e.g. fishing, aquaculture, oil and gas exploitation, cables and pipelines, shipping, tourism, defense, environmental protection), which lead to growing and competing demands for the same maritime space. Also, concerns have been raised about the potential risk of offshore wind farms on the environment. What happens, for instance, to whales and seals' sense of hearing when the turbines foundations are being driven into the ground? Can lighting a turbine tower with blue light rather than red be the difference between life and death for some bird species? The aim of this paper is to present and analyze up to date data on how and whether offshore wind installations affect marine, social and economic environments and are based on recent literature and examples of good practices in order to inform decision-makers, planning authorities and private developers, to support selection of the best projects, and thus limit the negative impacts of such projects on marine and anthropogenic environment. The findings show that a comprehensive communication between all interested stakeholders, involvement of local communities and implementation of benefit schemes can establish a common understanding of environmental and economic impacts on and benefits for local communities and optimize social acceptance. Moreover,

This article examines diflerences between more and less effective new product development team leaders. We found that successful leaders understood and accepted project goals, perceived more autonomy in managing their projects, and perceived more senior management support for their projects. Moreover, successful leaders learned significantly different Eessons from their projects than their less successful colleagues. A discussion of the results, along with several implications for new product development, is presented.

Firms that are searching for new technologies from suppliers through collaborative new product development (NPD) need to devise effective approaches for governing the supplier relationship. Based on in-depth case studies of four collaborative NPD projects, this paper shows that in projects with a high degree of uncertainty (1) firms achieve governance by simultaneously limiting supplier involvement and allowing for high levels of collaboration, (2) transactional and relational governance have distinct roles in achieving limited supplier involvement and establishing high levels of collaboration, and (3) transactional and relational governance are organizationally separated. These findings have implications for the complementary use of relational and transactional governance, as well as for the role of purchasing and R&D in technologically uncertain NPD projects.

A.J.v.Weele@tm.tue.nl Supplier involvement in product development has been a widely discussed theme in recent years. Sometimes, one 'best method' for involvement, derived from studies of one particular industrial context, has been suggested. In this article, however, various forms for coordinating such involvement are distinguished, based on a study of six different product development projects. Three main approaches are formulated and discussed: project integration coordination, disconnected sub-project coordination, and ad hoc coordination. Based on the empirical study and the literature, the drivers of different types of supplier coordination are discussed. Several managerial implications are suggested related to the need to differentiate interorganizational coordination, not only from project to project but also throughout a project. The importance of taking into account short-term, project-based drivers as well as long-term strategic objectives of supplier coordination is also discussed.

Despite differences in definitions, researchers understand that radical innovation within an organization is very different from incremental innovation and that it is critical to the long-term success of firms. Unfortunately, research has also shown that it is often difficult to get support for radical projects in large firms , where internal cultures and pressures often push efforts toward more low risk, immediate reward, incremental projects. Interestingly, we know considerably less about the effective management of the product development process in the radical than in an incremental context. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of radical new product development from a strategic perspective, and to outline key observations and challenges that managers face as they move these projects to market. The findings presented here represent the results of a longitudinal (since 1995), multidisciplinary study of radical innovation projects. A multiple case study design was used to explore the similarities and differences in management practices applied to twelve radical innovation projects in ten large, established North American firms. The findings are grouped into three high-level strategic themes. The first theme, market scope, discusses the challenges associated with the pursuit of familiar versus unfamiliar markets for radical innovation. The second theme of competency management identifies and discusses strategic challenges that emerge as firms stretch themselves into new and unfamiliar territory. The final theme relates to the people issues that emerge as both individuals and the project teams themselves try to move radical projects forward in organizations that are not necessarily designed to support such uncertainty.

The installation of base station antennas within close frequency range in a co-located scenario constitutes a major interference for radio spectrum engineers. In a co-located setting involving a downlink frequency of CDMA2000 (1960 and an uplink frequency of WCDMA (1920 as used in the telecommunication industry in Nigeria, the base station receiver is required to receive low amplitude desired signals in the presence of strong transmitting power signals resulting to sideband noise interference. The paper identifies the major mechanism of the sideband noise and proposes the application of a Butterworth Band Pass Filter (BBPF) as a mitigation technique. The technique was developed through the applications of empirical and mathematical analysis conducted in two different scenarios to evaluate the levels of the interference signals on the WCDMA receiver from CDMA2000 transmitter. The first scenario involved a standalone un-collocated WCDMA network while the second scenario involved a co-located network (CDMA2000 and WCDMA). A 52dB required attenuation specification was obtained for the BBPF design.