Knowledge & Creativity Management

Creativity has long been regarded as a mysterious force, often described as an unpredictable gift available to only a select few. Yet, scientific progress in neuroscience challenges this notion, positioning creativity as a skill deeply rooted in the brain’s neuroplastic capacity—the ability to reconfigure and form new connections. In a world undergoing rapid transformations due to climate change, social upheavals, and technological disruption, creativity is no longer a luxury; it is a survival mechanism and a competitive advantage.
Traditional models of creativity have provided partial insights into how ideas are formed, nurtured, and implemented. Frameworks such as Wallas’ four-stage model, Guilford’s divergent and convergent thinking, dual-process theories, and design thinking have all contributed valuable perspectives. However, these approaches often lack grounding in neuroscience or fail to provide a concrete trigger mechanism for creativity. They describe what happens but not why or where creativity begins.
This report positions burden identification as the central novelty—a precise and explanatory gateway to creativity that links problem framing with brain pathways. It asserts that the accuracy of burden identification determines whether the brain will generate effective, innovative solutions or waste cognitive resources on irrelevant directions. This perspective fills a gap in existing literature, offering a neurocognitive model that makes creativity both explainable and actionable.

The Matthew Defect (MD) is the systematic burying of ideas and their originators through standard academic practices that reward prestige over provenance. Unlike Merton's Matthew Effect, which demonstrates how advantage accumulates for those already recognized, the Matthew Defect reveals how evaluation systems actively disadvantage specific work through routine procedures rather than misconduct. This dynamic emerges from everyday practices including editorial gatekeeping, strategic citation, and metrics that substitute institutional prestige for substantive judgment. These patterns, already intensified by digital platforms and hypercompetition, now risk being permanently embedded in Large Language Models that inherit and amplify skewed citation patterns from their training data. I introduce KNOBE (Knowledge-Native Objects for Bots and Engines) as a proposed infrastructure for preserving provenance in human-AI knowledge systems.

The Matthew Defect (MD) is the systematic burying of ideas and their originators through standard academic practices that reward prestige over provenance. Unlike Merton's Matthew Effect, which demonstrates how advantage accumulates for those already recognized, the Matthew Defect reveals how evaluation systems actively disadvantage specific work through routine procedures rather than misconduct. This dynamic emerges from everyday practices including editorial gatekeeping, strategic citation, and metrics that substitute institutional prestige for substantive judgment. These patterns, already intensified by digital platforms and hypercompetition, now risk being permanently embedded in Large Language Models that inherit and amplify skewed citation patterns from their training data. I introduce KNOBE (Knowledge-Native Objects for Bots and Engines) as a proposed infrastructure for preserving provenance in human-AI knowledge systems.

The generation of novel ideas often begins when an individual perceives a burden, problem, or inefficiency, entering a mental "path of creativity" characterized by immersion, internal ideation, and vulnerability to disturbances. This paper proposes and elaborates that concept, situating it within existing creativity theory such as problem-finding, flow, divergent/convergent thinking, and Honing Theory. Key are the stages: burden recognition → entry into immersive idea mode → internal and external disturbance → idea harvesting (logbook/sketch pad). We highlight the uniqueness of this framework, especially its explicit focus on disturbances and the necessity of capturing fleeting creativity. Implications for inventors, educators, and organizations are discussed, including recommended practices and future research directions.

Definition of the Pathway of Creativity

The Pathway of Creativity is a dynamic cognitive and experiential process through which an individual moves from the recognition of a burden, inefficiency, or problem toward the generation and capture of novel ideas. It begins with the identification of a triggering problem, followed by an immersive mental state where external awareness diminishes and spontaneous ideas emerge. This pathway is inherently fragile, subject to disruption by both external disturbances (such as interruptions or environmental distractions) and internal disturbances (such as fatigue, hunger, or emotional shifts). The critical feature of the pathway is the necessity of harvesting ideas—through logbooks, sketch pads, or other recording tools—before disturbances terminate the process. Unlike stage-based models of creativity, the Pathway of Creativity emphasizes the temporal vulnerability, dual nature of disturbances, and the centrality of idea capture as defining characteristics of the inventive process.

The Core-System represents a novel framework for creating self-executable life constitutions - comprehensive organizational frameworks that individuals develop and execute to systematically manage life complexity. Originating from Till Tomczak's pioneering implementation (2018-present), this paper presents the Core-System as a universal architectural concept rather than a specific implementation. The framework consists of three foundational components: a Constitution (Verfassung) providing universal hierarchical structure through six life chambers plus administration, a Rulebook (Regelwerk) containing individually-developed methods triggered by binary verification questions (Prüffragen), and an Administration (Verwaltung) layer coordinating documentation and system coherence.
The Core-System evolved from the recognition that static documents of values and knowledge fail to produce action. By transforming principles into executable methods that can be chained and reused across contexts, the framework creates a dynamic mechanism for translating knowledge into daily practice. Crucially, the system operates on selective binding - autonomy is constrained only where methods exist, preserving space for learning and spontaneous action elsewhere. This paper examines the Core-System as a conceptual framework, analyzing its architecture, operational mechanisms, and philosophical implications for human agency and systematic living. The framework represents both an organizational tool and a form of intelligence preservation - a safeguard against forgetting and decision degradation over time.

Author's contribution The author designed the study, facilitated the focus groups with the assistance of some trained research assistants and drafted the focus group questions, which some creativity and educational evaluation experts validated. The author performed the qualitative analysis with the trained research assistants. The author wrote the first draft of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.

This study investigated the degree of relationship between eight psychosocial factors and their potential for creativity among undergraduates in southwestern Nigeria. Multistage sampling was used to select 651 respondents who responded to four psycho-social creativity instruments. Risk-taking behavior recorded a mean score of 40.75 (SD of 7.55). Peer pressure threshold mean score was 38.26 (SD of 6.470). Knowledge of creativity mean score was 35.33 (SD of 6.61). Attitude towards creativity revealed a mean score of 41.07 (SD of 6.45). The mean score on the Williams Creativity Test was 72.73 (SD of 7.69). Peer pressure and creativity have a significant correlation of 0.200 (p<0.05). Knowledge/awareness of creativity has a significant correlation of 0.545 (p<0.05). Correlation between attitude and creativity is 0.532 significant at p<0.05. The significant correlation between age and creativity is 0.104 (p<0.05). The correlation between gender and creativity is 0.036 which is not significant (p<0.05). Risk-taking behaviour and creativity have a correlation of 0.007 which is not significant (p<0.005). The correlation between parental influence and creativity is 0.064, and it is not significant (p<0.05), while the course of study and creativity have no significant correlation of-0.047. The results suggest implications for stakeholders in the educational system.

There is a new policy shift in the Nigerian university educational policy which promotes entrepreneurial education to facilitate entrepreneurial pursuit after graduation. This is in response to the growing rate of unemployment among the young population especially university graduates because governments at various levels cannot provide enough employment for the teeming population of youth who needs jobs. Entering the world of business or entrepreneurship could be challenging especially within the context of the ever-evolving 21st-century business climate. Business success thus becomes a huge concern for entrepreneurs and other stakeholders in the growth and development of the Nigerian society and economy. This apprehension becomes magnified with Nigeria's myriads of economic challenges. This work aims at contributing to the discourse on consolidating entrepreneurial practices in a developing economy such as Nigeria by targeting students at different levels of study in the university system. While exposing the concepts of creativity and innovation, the work proposes that the preparation of university students for business or entrepreneurial pursuit should include deliberate creativity and innovation through the use of structured tools and deliberate methods and principles for business success in a highly competitive and dynamic business world. This proposal becomes relevant within the context of the sustainability of businesses in the ever-challenging Nigerian economy. Conclusively, the paper avers that the principles and strategies canvassed will facilitate entrepreneurial success when these university students eventually become entrepreneurs.

Africa is bedevilled with myriads of problems. Attempts at proffering solutions result in multiple ideas and concepts that accomplish little in ameliorating the condition of ordinary citizens on the continent. A leadership crisis has gripped the region despite the numerous postulations about leadership for Africa's growth and development. This paper examines the African leadership problem in order to suggest ways to transform the African narrative by institutionalizing creative leadership. This will facilitate a departure from what is occurring across the African continent. It delineates the concept of leadership with an expose of creative leadership. It discusses the need for creative leadership as gradual and immediate, depending on stakeholders' needs assessment and the different contexts in which individuals and organizations may apply its elements. It calls on governments, research institutes, policymakers, individuals and groups across Africa to invest in this new form of leadership.

The final presentation of Erasmus+, KA1 2024-2025 project of the Erasmus accredited Primary school Jagoda Truhelka, Osijek, was held for the public on September 2 and 4, 2025, at the school premises. Project mobilities and activities carried out were presented at this occasion, with an emphasis on the application of knowledge acquired through the project mobilities.

Creativity is one of humanity’s most vital capacities, enabling adaptation, innovation, and progress. Across civilizations, it has been regarded as a mysterious gift, a skill to be trained, or a social force driving change. In today’s world of accelerating technological transformation, global crises, and cultural interconnectedness, creativity has become a key driver of solutions and opportunities.
Yet, despite centuries of study, creativity remains difficult to define consistently. Different fields emphasize different dimensions—novelty, usefulness, cognition, motivation, social context—leading to fragmented theories. Neuroscience frames creativity in terms of brain networks; psychology emphasizes divergent thinking; management focuses on innovation and competitive advantage; cultural theory stresses recognition by society.
This fragmentation creates a pressing need for a unified global framework. The Integrated Framework of Creativity (IFC) responds to this need by synthesizing existing knowledge into a model that is comprehensive, accessible, and globally relevant. The IFC defines creativity as a higher-order cognitive function that combines knowledge, skills, and motivation to produce breakthroughs that are only fully realized when socially validated.

Creativity has long been recognized as a defining human capability, yet definitions vary across disciplines. This paper proposes an integrated definition that reflects both cognitive processes and social validation. From an academic standpoint, creativity is conceptualized as a higherorder cognitive function of the brain, which may be regarded as an innate gift but can also be cultivated through practice. It integrates functions, processes, and procedures with domain knowledge, skills, and motivational resources to generate solutions-often within secondsthat are novel, original, appropriate, useful, and contextually valuable. From a popular science perspective, creativity can be described as the brain's ability to bring together its knowledge, skills, and motivations to spark fresh ideas or solutions, functioning like an internal problemsolving engine. Creativity is ultimately realized when these ideas or outputs are recognized, validated, and accepted within society or a professional field.

Laporan ini mendokumentasikan dan menganalisis program pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif, dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM) bagi guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Program ini diinisiasi sebagai respons terhadap tantangan pendidikan yang signifikan di wilayah tersebut, termasuk keterbatasan infrastruktur, tingginya angka putus sekolah, dan kebutuhan akan metode pembelajaran yang lebih dinamis. Pelatihan ini dirancang untuk membekali guru dengan pemahaman teoretis dan keterampilan praktis dalam menerapkan prinsip-prinsip PAKEM. Metode yang digunakan mencakup lokakarya, diskusi, dan praktik langsung, dengan evaluasi berbasis perbandingan data kuantitatif (pre-test dan post-test) dan observasi kualitatif. Hasil program menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan guru, yang terefleksi dalam peningkatan skor evaluasi pasca-pelatihan. Analisis lebih lanjut mengungkap bahwa meskipun menghadapi tantangan infrastruktur yang berat, seperti ketiadaan meja dan kursi di beberapa sekolah, guru-guru di Pandeglang menunjukkan semangat dan kreativitas luar biasa dalam mengadaptasi konsep PAKEM. Mereka berhasil mengimplementasikan multi-metode dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar sebagai sumber belajar, menjadikan keterbatasan sebagai pemicu inovasi. Laporan ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelatihan PAKEM relevan dan efektif dalam konteks pendidikan di Pandeglang, dan merekomendasikan intervensi yang berkelanjutan, termasuk dukungan profesional dan perbaikan infrastruktur, untuk menjamin keberlanjutan dampak positif program

Innovation has long been regarded as a cornerstone of economic growth and social transformation. While creativity frameworks such as brainstorming, design thinking, and TRIZ (Russian acronym-Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadach in English-Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) provide systematic approaches, they often lack universality, accessibility, or adaptability across disciplines. This paper introduces the Logic Gates of Creativity (LGCs), a novel framework inspired by computational logic gates but redefined for the processes of invention and innovation. LGCs transform creativity into a series of structured operations-such as changing material states, scaling dimensions, altering constraints, or integrating sustainability principles-that can be universally applied to generate solutions. The study categorizes these gates into basic (e.g., Change Gate, Combination Gate, Scaling Gate) and advanced (e.g., Feedback Gate, Sustainability Gate, Community Gate, Ethics Gate), providing detailed definitions, theoretical underpinnings, and real-world analogies. The methodology demonstrates how problems can be systematically transformed into innovative solutions using these gates. Case illustrations in sectors such as construction, agriculture, energy, and healthcare show how LGCs bridge grassroots insights with advanced technological readiness. The paper concludes by positioning LGCs as a democratizing tool for innovation-accessible to grassroots workers and experts alike-and highlights their potential to complement existing frameworks like TRIZ and design thinking. Adoption of this approach can accelerate national innovation ecosystems, especially in developing countries like Sri Lanka, by unlocking hidden creativity and aligning inventions with economic growth.

My approach to the Christian imagination is best understood in the context of the idea of God's creativity, or the creatio Dei, specifically in terms of mission as participation in the larger creativity of God. In this sense, the concept of the Christian imagination has reiterated that human imagination is not a value-free zone. If you think about the capacity for the imagination as something that has its source in the inspiration of God and that is fundamentally a conduit for the illumination of God's world in the light of Christ, then the imagination has a particular and real context as we think about what it means to share in the Trinitarian economy of the Father, the Christ who is Jesus, and the Holy Spirit.

Buku ini menghadirkan pembahasan menyeluruh mengenai akuntansi syariah, mulai dari pengenalan program akuntansi, kurikulum, hingga perannya dalam dunia akademik dan praktik kehidupan nyata. Isi uraian dimulai dengan penguasaan dasar-dasar program akuntansi dan pilihan profesi yang dapat ditempuh oleh lulusannya, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kurikulum yang relevan dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja. Buku ini juga menguraikan pendidikan akuntansi syariah di perguruan tinggi, pentingnya peran akuntan dalam pengelolaan keuangan, serta dasar-dasar akuntansi syariah yang membedakannya dari akuntansi konvensional.

Buku ini juga menyoroti bagaimana akuntansi syariah mendukung sistem ekonomi Islam, baik di sektor perbankan, perusahaan, zakat, wakaf, maupun pasar modal syariah. Disajikan pula pembahasan mengenai peluang karier di bidang akuntansi syariah serta panduan praktis bagi calon mahasiswa dalam memilih program yang sesuai minat hingga mempersiapkan diri menuju perguruan tinggi impian. Dengan penyajian yang runtut dan informatif, buku ini diharapkan menjadi rujukan bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa, praktisi, maupun masyarakat yang ingin memahami peran akuntansi syariah dalam membangun sistem ekonomi yang adil, transparan, dan berlandaskan nilai-nilai Islam.

The traditional or conventional role of market research is one of enabling marketing managers to make informed decisions about key strategic issues and likewise reduce chances of poor strategic decisions. (Hamlin, 2000; Raguragavan et al., 2000) Yet recent literature suggests ...

This study examines the views of research buyers about the efficacy of market research used within their firms. A sample of research buyers from Australia's top 1000 companies was asked to evaluate the research outcomes of their most recent market research project in terms of their overall business strategy. Specialist market research buyers (insights managers) believed their commissioned research was very effective. This was in contrast to research buyers in generalist roles who did not believe in the effectiveness of the research outcomes to the same extent. The overarchlng strategic direction adopted by the buyer's firm did not make a difference to the type of research conducted (,action orientated' vs. 'knowledge enhancing'). However, entrepreneurial firms were more likely to rate their research as effective and to have dedicated research buyers generating insights into their markets. The results of this study are inconsistent with earlier studies and indicate that the market research function within Australian firms stili plays an ambiguous role.

The aim of this study was to understand the effect that proactive personality has on individuals’ knowledge creation ability and innovative work behaviors. This study proposed a model which assists in understanding the effects that proactive personality has on innovative work behaviors through individual knowledge creation. The results were based on data that was collected through a cross-sectional field survey. The data consisted of a diverse paired sample of employees and their supervisors (N=249) who belonged to various organizations in Pakistan. The results of the main effects regression revealed that proactive personality had a positive relationship with both knowledge creation ability and innovative work behaviors. To test the mediating hypothesis, mediating regression analysis was used which showed that individual knowledge creation ability mediated the link between proactive personality and innovative work behaviors. The results of the mediation were also confirmed through a...

This research's aim was to explore the role of cognitive flexibility in mediating the effect of intrinsic motivation on the creativity of junior high school students. A creativity scale, an intrinsic motivation inventory and a cognitive flexibility inventory were utilized to investigate a sample of junior high school students in Shaanxi Province in western China. 765 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM). The SEM analysis showed that intrinsic motivation and cognitive flexibility have significantly positive impacts on junior high school students' creativity. Furthermore, a full model revealed that cognitive alternatives and cognitive control mediate the relationship intrinsic motivation and creativity, and the mediation effect of cognitive alternatives is significantly greater than that of cognitive control. In general, the current research suggests that the impact of intrinsic motivation on junior high school students' creativity is mediated by cognitive flexibility, and its results amplify prior scholars' research results and give educators an inspiration how to cultivate creativity for the middle school students.

The PhET Interactive Simulations Project partnered with the Excellence Research Center of Science and Mathematics Education at King Saud University with the joint goal of making simulations useable worldwide. One of the main challenges of this partnership is to make PhET simulations and the website easily translatable into any language. The PhET project team overcame this challenge by creating the Translation Utility. This tool allows a person fluent in both English and another language to easily translate any of the PhET ...

The worldwide market opening and globalization of supply chains demand a series of structural changes where logistics plays a strategic role. Customers evaluate the quality of the product, its added value and its availability in time and form, which involves making processes more efficient. Some experts have proposed logistic management models to elevate competitiveness in the market. Some of these models are ambitious for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) due to their informal structure and a lack of technical knowledge. Other models make indirect reference to the internal information flows, including a whole disintegration of the system because of the interrelation among the different areas. SMEs represent 4.2% of enterprises existing in Mexico, generate 31.5% of employment and contribute to the Gross Domestic Product. It is important to reinforce their competitive position in the market. Some 85.9 percent of the textile industry in Mexico is SMEs. In this descriptive inve...

This paper explores how proactive behavior and constructive deviance relate to affective organizational commitment and turnover intention through idea championing. Based on a two-wave study (N= 310), structural equation model analyses revealed that constructive deviance had an inhibitory effect and proactive behavior a facilitatory effect on idea championing. In turn, idea championing was related to increased affective commitment and reduced turnover intention. The analyses of indirect effects further indicated that proactive behavior and constructive deviance had opposite indirect effects on affective commitment and turnover intention. This research underlines the importance of acting proactively upstream rather than deviating from the norm to promote innovation and build employee loyalty to the organization. Finally, this study also indicates that proactive and constructive deviant behaviors are conceptually different and exert opposite effects despite their similar orientation to...

Like Maslow, Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who also described humans as naturally good and evolving entities.  He pioneered a client-centered approach to psychotherapy that translated directly into a student-centered approach to teaching.  This chapter describes some of his seminal ideas as they relate to human growth, teaching, and being a human being.  As you read this chapter, you will notice that these ideas are interconnected such that the borders between teaching and psychology are often indistinguishable.  This is as it should be.  Rogers believed that teaching, psychotherapy, and being a fully functioning person all came from the same place.

This special issue of the journal "Reliability: Theory and Applications" contains quality articles on innovative approaches to risk minimization. We would like to express our gratitude to all the participants of the RISK-2023 Conference for the submitted articles and the reviewers for their effective work in evaluating the submitted materials. We sincerely appreciate their excellent timely responses. The invited editors are also very grateful to the secretary, Doctor of Sci., Alexander Bochkov, for his constant support and constructiveness in the process of reviewing and drafting the proposal of the special issue. We hope that this special issue will make a significant contribution to improving the scientific field of assessment, analysis and management of natural and man-made risks.

Knowledge is analysed as a homogeneous and endogenous production factor in economic, while disciplines related to economic such as philosophy, management, sociology, knowledge analyse it as a heterogeneous factor. The assertion of heterogeneity challenge the recommendations made by economists of growth new growth theory. The purpose of this study is to improve economic analysis with results found in other disciplines.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى ربط وتحليل العلاقة بين إدارة المعرفة والابتكار في المؤسسات الاقتصادية، من خلال إبراز دور إدارة المعرفة بمختلف عملياتها في تعزيز هذا الابتكار وإدارته، وإسقاط ذلك على تجربة شركة تويوتا؛ واعتمدت الدراسة لتحقيق ذلك على المنهج الاستقرائي المبني على الوصف والتحليل؛
توصلت الدراسة إلى أن إدارة المعرفة تُحفِّزُ الابتكار في المؤسسات عبر تسهيل تبادل الأفكار، تنظيم المعرفة، التشحيع على التعلُّمِ المستمر، وتعزيز التعاون بين الفرق. هذا ما تستند عليه شركة تويوتا من خلال استراتيجية "تعلّم محليا، تصرّف عالميا"، التي تقوم على تسهيل نقل المعرفة بين الفروع، مع دعم التحسين المستمر في العمليات والمنتجات من خلال مشاركة الـمُوظّفين في كافة المستويات الإدارية؛ كما تستخدم منهجيات مثل "الكايزن" لضمان الجودة والابتكار، مع مراعاة الاحتياجات والمعرفة المحلية.

This study explores the relationship between knowledge management and innovation in economic enterprises by highlighting the role of knowledge management processes in enhancing and managing innovation,


focusing on Toyota’s experience. The study adopted the inductive approach based on description and analysis to achieve this.
The study concluded that knowledge management stimulates innovation in organizations by facilitating the exchange of ideas, organizing knowledge, promoting continuous learning, and enhancing team collaboration. This is the foundation of Toyota's "Learn Locally, Act Globally" strategy, which aims to facilitate knowledge transfer across branches while supporting continuous improvement in operations and products through employee participation at all administrative levels. Toyota also employs methodologies such as "Kaizen" to ensure quality and innovation while considering local knowledge and needs.

سعت الدراسة إلى التعرف على تأثير تصميم ملفات الكروس ميديا على مستوى أداءها في مواقع الصحف الإلكترونية المصرية وذلك في إطار دراسة تحليلية وذلك بالمسح لشامل لملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الصحف الألكترونية المصرة المنتجة لملفات الكروس ميديا وهي (الدستور-الوطن – البوابة نيوز-القاهرة 24-الكونسلتو-مصراوي-بوابة الأهرام) وذلك في الفترة من أغسطس 2017 وهو تاريخ أول ملف كروس ميديا نشر بموقع مصراوي حتى أغسطس 2022، وذلك برصد وتحليل الجوانب الشكلية لكل من العناصر البنائية سواء التقليدية أو المساعدة والعناصر التفاعلية وأشكال وأساليب تصميم ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على مصادر المعلومات بالملف واهم فئات الموضوعات التي تم التركيز عليها في ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة، بالإضافة إلى تقييم أداء ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة بالاستعانة بموقع Google PageSpeed Insights.
أوضحت نتائج الدراسة تعدد أشكال وأساليب وطرق تصميم ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة وان جاء استخدام النمط التركيزي في تخطيط ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة في المرتبة الأولى والذي يعتمد على صفحة رئيسية كمدخل للملف، كما تعددت وتنوعت الموضوعات والمصادر في ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة، كما جاء مستوى أداء اغلب ملفات الكروس ميديا بمواقع الدراسة بشكل منخفض ويحتاج إلى تحسين وخاصة موقع كونسلتو حيث تأثر أداء ملفات الكروس ميديا بعده عوامل منها زمن تحميل صفحات الملف وزمن عرض أكبر جزء بصفحة الملف واستخدام صور وعناصر كبيرة الحجم وعرض الصور بتنسيقات الجيل القديم مما يزيد من زمن التحميل وسرعة الاستجابة للمتصفح.

The aim of this article is to characterize and evaluate the use of selected innovative marketing tools implemented by retail enterprises in the DIY (Do It Yourself) sector in Poland. The theoretical part of the article presents the evolution of the concept of innovation, with particular emphasis on marketing innovation as a form of non-technological change. The discussion highlights how innovation has shifted from being a technology-centric activity to a customer-focused process of value creation 1. The empirical part is based on qualitative research conducted in 2025, using standardized interviews with five managers representing the leading DIY retail chains operating in Poland. The study identifies the most relevant contemporary marketing innovations in the DIY sector, including the use of artificial intelligence for content personalization, the implementation of AR/VR visualization tools, omnichannel integration, sustainable branding practices, and private label development. The findings also indicate that DIY retailers are increasingly embracing agile assortment and pricing strategies, placing strong emphasis on customer experience, sales space design, and product display innovations. 1 S. Zupok, Contemporary tools for creating customer value.

Organizational team spirit should not be regarded as an end in itself for as old employees leave an organization and are replaced with new ones, organizational team spirit dynamics changes. Organizations should rather strive for team spirituality-an organization-wide consciousness to continuously cultivate, nurture and sustain team spirit within the organization. Hence the need to understand factors that affect and are affected by team spirituality within organizations. As misunderstanding among organizational members occasioned by miscommunication can have adverse organizational consequences, this study examined the correlation between communication patterns and team spirituality. Intrapersonal communication and extrapersonal communication constituted communication patterns dimensions while supervisor support, mentoring, co-worker support and selflessness were measures of team spirituality, with corporate culture as a moderating variable. The study population comprised private secondary school teachers in Government-approved private secondary schools in Bayelsa and Rivers States of Nigeria. Using stratified random sampling technique, copies of researcher-designed questionnaire were distributed to a total sample size of 561 teachers from private secondary school teachers in Bayelsa and Rivers State, which was determined with the Taro Yamane (1967) formula. Nine research questions and nine hypotheses were posed for the study in line with the study objectives; descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses to the questionnaire questions while Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient (r) was employed as the inferential statistics to test the research hypotheses. Findings of the study showed that Intrapersonal communication positively and significantly correlated to team spirituality dimensions of supervisor support, mentoring, co-worker support and selflessness; that extrapersonal communication positively and significantly correlated to team spirituality dimensions of supervisor support, mentoring, co-worker support and selflessness ; and that corporate culture does moderate the relationship between communication patterns and team spirituality. Hence the need for organizations to increase interactions amongst employees and between employees and supervisors so as to engender team spirituality.

BSE or popularly known as Bombay Stock Exchange is Asia’s one of the oldest and largest stock market. Every year BSE enlists companies in the ranks from top 50, 100 and 200. These companies are well performing companies financially as well as from market operations. The deep understanding of the financial information of the trends of these companies can help investors and decision makers to take better decisions. The present paper emphasis to study the financial performance of selected 100 BSE listed companies in India. The area of study covers top 100 public listed companies for the financial year 2022- 23. It is based on secondary collected from the portal of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and Prowess IQ Database. The collected data was analyzed using mean, median, correlation and graphs like pie chart and histogram. The study concludes that all the companies that rank top 100 showed strong profitability ratios and liquidity ratios. The average operating ratios for overall all the companies showed satisfactory. Also the study showed that there is a strong and positive correlation between profitability ratios, liquidity ratios and operating ratios of these companies

This study examined the influence of managerial capability, e-fluency, and organizational culture on the research practices of school heads in Region X-Northern Mindanao during the school year 2024-2025. It assessed school heads' managerial capability in terms of school operation management, fiscal management, and learning climate management; e-fluency based on awareness, self-efficacy, leadership, and affective domains; organizational culture in terms of managing change, achieving goals, coordinating teamwork, building a strong culture, and commitment to service; and research practices in the areas of infrastructure, capability, funding opportunities, collaborative practices, and interest and engagement. The study further investigated the correlation between research practices and the identified independent variables and identified which variables best predicted research practices. Findings revealed that school heads demonstrated high levels of managerial capability, e-fluency, and organizational culture, with awareness in e-fluency needing further enhancement. Research practices were rated practiced, but areas such as infrastructure, funding opportunities, and capability require additional support to further enhance research participation. Correlation analysis found significant relationships between research practices and managerial capability, e-fluency, and organizational culture, with building a strong culture, organizational culture, and e-fluency as the strongest correlates. Regression analysis identified five significant predictors of research practices: building a strong culture, achieving goals, selfefficacy, awareness, and school operation management.

Performance appraisal is a critical stage in the performance management process. It is a mechanism that can be used by organizations to better their staff, departmental and general performance of the entity they serve. The value of effective appraisal cannot be underestimated because it has a great bearing on the overall performance management system. In the public sector, the correct appraisal of employee performance is critical in enabling the public service achieve a describable or measurable change in service delivery. The research sought to achieve its general objective of identifying the factors that determine effectiveness of performance appraisal exercise as practiced in the public service in Kenya. Specifically, the study purposed to determine the effects of supervisor communication, performance planning prior to appraisal as well as the reward in the appraisal process. This was meant to understand how the factors affect the employees and the public service in Kenya can make performance appraisal better by improving on the results of these three variable. The study was guided by the goal setting theory, expectancy theory, psychodynamic theory of personality and social cognitive theory. The study used the descriptive survey research design which is exploratory. The participants of this study are the permanent and pensionable employees of Kenya School of Government-Mombasa as at September 2023. The study collected both data (primary and secondary) by distribution of semi-structured questionnaires. Afterwards, the data measures of central tendency (such as mean, median and mode) and measures of dispersion (such as variance, standard deviation and range) were used to analyse the data. The study used correlation analysis techniques, T-test analysis, ANOVA and regression analysis using SPSS ver. 23. The study findings showed that performance planning affects the implementation of performance appraisal with  mean 4.19 and s.d 0.668 followed by reward through promotion, training, recommendation influences the effectives of performance appraisal with mean 4.11 and s.d 0.950 and Supervisor communication was established to influence effectiveness of performance appraisal system, generating a  mean 4.0 and s.d 0.756. in general, the variables in the study namely: performance planning, reward positively, and supervisor communication, were found to influence how effective performance appraisal was in public service in Kenya. The study recommended that; the management should put up strategies to enhance supervisor communication by ensuring timely feedback to employees, good communication between staff and supervisors and ensure supervisors assess employee’s performance objectively and without bias, ensure proper performance planning by putting up mechanisms to ensure development of meaningful goals, ensure supervisors clearly explains the goals to employees and enhance supervisors  supports to enable staff achieve their  goals and revamp their reward system through providing training opportunities, motivating staff through recognition, support and promotion.

Melbourne's love-hate relationship with being Australia's 'street art capital' theconversation.com /melbournes-love-hate-relationship-with-being-australias-street-art-capital-78177 Tourists are drawn to cities by a myriad of attractions and activities. Some cities are blessed with iconic attractions that are on every visitor's "must see" list -the Opera House and Harbour Bridge in Sydney, for example.

The principle of non-discrimination and the principle of equality are fundamental principles of labour law, as, in addition to the rule that labour is not a commodity, the protection of dignity at work inevitably implies the elimination of discrimination against job candidates and employees. The latter statement also applies to the discrimination of women, who have been granted special protection by labour legislation since the first phases of labour law development. Although some legal systems have had legal reasons for restrictive employment policies for women (such as the prohibition of employing married women), special labour law protection for women has primarily been based on biological and social reasons, which led lawmakers to favor the view that for woman's development, care for children, and household chores are more important than working in factories. In this sense, labour law has traditionally been built around the model of the male worker employed under a standard employment contract. This resulted in the legal regulation of only a few "female" labor law issues, or the failure to adequately address the specific needs of women in the labor market, while some measures of special legal protection for women prevented them from working under the same conditions as men (so-called benign discrimination). However, the use of the feminist method has influenced the opening of a range of labour law issues that require appropriate solutions, along with the gradual development of a legal (and institutional) framework to prevent and protect workers from gender-based discrimination in the exercise of (individual and collective) labour rights. Despite this, women continue to face difficulties in finding and retaining employment, as well as barriers related to career advancement. This is also the reason why contemporary labour law is focused on empowering women in the world of work. However, such an approach to achieving gender equality may appear overly simplistic, even ignorant, considering the role of men in ensuring the effective implementation of the principle of equality between men and women. Therefore, this paper summarizes the framework for the development of employment relationship regulation, from classical labor law whose norms served as "guardians" of the traditional social role of women, through the application of the feminist method in the regulation of employment relationships, to the most important contemporary challenges of labour law (in light of the principle of gender equality).

The Atelier Theory reimagines organizations as artist's studios, where creativity thrives through a synergy of vision (Canvas), technology (Tools), and human ingenuity (Mastery). Addressing modern corporate dysfunction-fragmented priorities, regulatory constraints, and incoherent execution-it proposes AI and IoT as harmonizing forces to amplify innovation. Drawing on historical lessons, it affirms creativity's timeless, irreplaceable role, with 70% of creatives valuing AI as an enabler, not a rival (PwC, 2024). For CXOs, the theory offers a blueprint to clear bureaucratic clutter, streamline tools, and elevate human mastery, unlocking a $15.7 trillion AI-driven economy (PwC, 2021). Through vivid examples, like Nike's AI-IoT pipeline or Refik Anadol's installations, it charts a path to transform enterprises into ateliers of boundless possibility.

The study aims to identify the concept of "cloud computing", its types, characteristics, advantages, and the challenges faced by staff members in the University of Mosul libraries when using it. The questionnaire is adopted as the main tool for data collection regarding the variable of "cloud computing". It includes three dimensions: the use of "cloud computing" technology, the importance and benefits of "cloud computing", and the challenges of its implementation. The descriptive analytical method is used to analyse the collected data from the research field, utilizing the statistical software (SPSS V.25) by employing frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations for the indicators of each dimension in the study. The study concludes the following: (1) The implementation of "cloud computing" technology leads to the development of the library by improving the quality of services provided. (2) There are various challenges facing the implementation of "cloud computing" technology in libraries, including the lack of guarantees for protecting intellectual property rights of "cloud computing" users, centralization in decisionmaking, and the issues of slow or interrupted internet connectivity. The study recommends the necessity of harnessing the vast capabilities and potentials offered by "cloud computing" to support the library profession and reap the benefits derived from relying on it. It also emphasizes the importance of training librarians on modern technologies and enhancing their technical skills through workshops and educational seminars in this field.

While the body of empirical literature on the correlates of general knowledge sharing behaviour is growing, literature that focuses on the predictor of willingness to share and use tacit knowledge is scarce. Moreover, in the few studies that consider tacit knowledge sharing, their focus tends to be on employees in non-profit organisations with little focus on those in profit oriented organisations. This study therefore investigated whether affect-based and cognitive-based trusts will predict willingness to share and use tacit knowledge among employees in team-based organisations in Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 487 team-based workers in Lagos, Nigeria. They responded to Affect-based and Cognition-based trusts Scales and Willingness to Share Tacit Knowledge and Use tacit knowledge Questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses generated. The results revealed that team members’ willingness to share tacit knowledge was facilit...

The ascendance of relativism has defined the politics, social relations, values, science, and other aspects of modern civilization and its practice. While some effects of relativism are salutary (relativism, for example, has promoted greater tolerance), others are not. This article argues that the ascendance of relativism has led to the demise and ultimate rejection of the concept of absolute truth. As the article explains, absolute truth is a very important operational concept that integrates, regulates, and conserves all spheres of human practice. It enhances human capacity to create new and increasingly more powerful levels of mental organization that are the source of radical innovations: new ideas, theories, and approaches. The article explains that the functional role of absolute truth is essential for sustaining human civilization and its evolution. It demonstrates that the functional role of absolute truth is defined by the universal process of creation. The rejection of absolute truth has been an inevitable result of the anthropocentric tradition that has dominated and continues to dominate human civilization. This tradition fails to recognize the central role of the process of creation in human existence. It is exclusionary and is incompatible with objectivity. This tradition poses a threat to the survival of civilization. The article argues that the revival of absolute truth and its role in human practice will ensure the survival and evolution of human civilization. The article offers a new conception of absolute truth. This conception relies on the universal process of creation as its main organizing principle. Due to its inclusive nature, the process of creation is objective, universal, and invariable under transformation. Since the new conception is based on the process of creation, it also possesses its properties; it is objective, universal, and invariable. It is not transient as the past conceptions of absolute truth. Finally, the article discusses the ways in which the new conception of absolute truth will affect human practice.

Est inconscient ainsi défini décrit un état de fait extraordinairement flou : tout ce que je sais, mais à quoi je ne pense pas momentanément ; tout ce dont je fus conscient autrefois mais qui est momentanément oublié ; tout ce qui est perçu par mes sens mais à quoi mon conscient ne fait pas attention ; tout ce que je sens, pense, me rappelle, veux et fais sans dessein et sans attention, c'est à dire inconsciemment ; tout ce qui est futur, qui se prépare en moi et ne viendra que plus tard à la conscience ; tout cela est contenu de l'inconscient. Ces contenus sont tous plus ou moins susceptibles de conscience ou furent du moins conscients autrefois et peuvent le redevenir d'un moment à l'autre » PROBLEMATIQUE Qu'appelle-t-on conscience collective, conscience individuelle, inconscience collective, inconscience individuelle, préscience montante et préscience descendante ? En quoi l'externalisation, la conscientisation et la connaissance sontelles rattachées à des problématiques linguistiques ? Dans quelle mesure ces différents termes entretiennent-ils des relations à différentes échelles de représentation ? Existe-t-il une solution algébrique d'ensemble permettant de répondre à ces enjeux visant une « conscience de l'inconscient » et indirectement ce que l'on désigne par la « boîte noire » de l'IA ?

Este artigo analisa a literatura científica recentemente produzida na área de desenvolvimento de novos produtos (DNP), de modo a identificar e classificar os principais domínios de conhecimento, possíveis ligações, bem como a natureza dos artigos e ferramentas analíticas utilizadas. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura a 461 artigos sobre DNP, publicados em três revistas de topo entre os anos 2000 e 2010. Foi possível criar 13 categorias principais, nas quais se destacam a inovação, investigação e desenvolvimento, produtos e processos de DNP e equipas de DNP. Os resultados confirmam que o DNP é multifacetado, integra múltiplos conceitos e há transversalidade entre as categorias. Igualmente, há necessidade de complementar as pesquisas qualitativas e quantitativas e de analisar as diferenças entre as pequenas e as grandes empresas.

Knowledge Management has played an important role for organizational strategic processes. Thus, this work sought to examine the relation between strategic process and KM in the organization of an alimentary sector located in Brazil, namely, the company Frimesa. Through semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation, the proposed problem was instrumentalized. For that, the strategic process steps of this organization's dairy line were identified from certain events; the knowledge flow and its application in the identified steps of the strategic process were investigated; and, finally, it was verified whether this relation configured a KM sample by means of promotion and knowledge sharing practices. The results of the pattern proposed point to the existence of a relation between strategic process and knowledge flow, with KM figuring as support for this relation, suggesting the existence of a strategic knowledge management.

This paper presents historical facts, pivotal figures, and significant locations that led to the development of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine at the turn of the 20 th century to combat tuberculosis. We reviewed historical publications and gathered original data about the co-inventors, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin, and the birthplace of their discovery, the Pasteur Institute of Lille, France. This historical overview highlights the co-inventors' distinct personalities and the local political drive to unify scientific efforts to rid the northern region of France of contagious diseases. Owing to their relentless dedication, the vaccine is aptly named after its creators. It is a fitting tribute, as Calmette and Guerin combined their expertise, courage, and determination to develop this exceptional preventive medicine. This review underscores their contributions to the creation of the BCG vaccine and their lasting impact.

Despite the importance of supply chains to firms, we know little about the intangible aspects of why some supply chains excel while others struggle. Building on the resource‐based view, strategic choice theory, and configurational research, we suggest that the relative fit among strategy and eight knowledge elements is a key to achieving superior supply chain performance. Using data from 913 entities in supply chains, we conducted a profile deviation analysis by using ideal “knowledge profiles” for five strategy types as the benchmarks. Separate analyses were conducted based on the ideal profiles derived from qualitative, quantitative, and theoretical inputs. Overall, the results indicate that the strategy‐knowledge fit is associated with chain performance. Our findings lend support to the notion that capitalizing on knowledge can create superior performance in supply chains, but only if the relative emphasis on various knowledge elements matches strategy.