Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Automation

In the digital age, managing organizational change has become increasingly challenging. Leaders must balance visionary strategies with compassionate engagement to construct organizational resilience and adaptability. This paper examines how organizations can utilize new technologies, particularly blockchain, to enhance modern work styles while addressing the challenges of digital transformation. Technological advancements offer substantial benefits, such as improved efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness. However, they also present significant obstacles, including high implementation costs, resistance to change, cybersecurity risks, and regulatory complexities. Adequate leadership in this evolving landscape requires a structured change management approach that integrates technology and addresses the human aspects of transformation. Leaders can reduce resistance and foster organizational alignment by adopting people-centred strategies that promote collaboration and continuous learning. The study highlights that product innovation, processes, business models, and organizational structures can position companies for long-term success. Proactive leadership, strategic adaptability, and a commitment to ethical and sustainable practices are essential for navigating change and empowering organizations to become more resilient, competitive, and prepared for future disruptions. This research highlights the need to blend innovative solutions with firm leadership to manage organizational transitions effectively, ensuring sustainable growth in an increasingly dynamic global environment.

The  rapid  adoption  of  Robotic  Process  Automation  (RPA)  across industries has introduced significant changes to workforce dynamics, particularly raising concerns regarding employee displacement anxiety. This  study  investigated  the  role  of  Human  Resource  (HR)  practices  in mitigating    such    anxiety    during    RPA    implementation.    Using    a quantitative  survey  method,  data  were  collected  from  employees  across operational,  administrative,  and  technical  departments  in  medium  to large enterprises. The results revealed that clarity in HR communication, targeted training, and participatory involvement significantly reduced perceived    displacement    threats.    Job    satisfaction    also    negatively correlated    with    anxiety,    highlighting    the    protective    effect    of psychological  security.  Departmental  variations  were  noted,  with operational  staff  expressing  higher  anxiety  levels than  IT  professionals, underlining  the  need  for  role-specific  HR  interventions.  The study emphasized that displacement anxiety was not solely a technological issue  but  a  human-centered  challenge  that  required  strategic  HR involvement.    Recommendations    included    proactive    communication strategies, role-specific training, and inclusive design approaches to ensure  smoother  RPA  transitions.  Future  research  directions  were proposed, including  longitudinal  and  qualitative  analyses  better to understand the evolving emotional landscape of automation integration. By  foregrounding  the  emotional  and  psychological  dimensions  of  RPA, this  study  contributed  to  the  growing  body  of  literature  on  technology-human interaction and highlighted the critical role of HR in facilitating sustainable digital transformation in the workplace.

Organizations have had to continuously adapt their business processes to the dynamic nature of the digital industry to support their businesses and provide value. The current advances in the digital space have provided enterprises with the opportunities to digitalize their business processes, integrating various advanced Nano digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, and machine learning to automate production processes and boost workplace operational efficiency and productivity. As society and businesses undergo digital transformation, enterprises are faced with the constant need for the integration of new digital infrastructure to power their business processes, provide business value, and remain competitive in a dynamic market economy. While some organizations have immensely benefited from the integration of advanced digital technologies to support business processes others are facing challenges from stiff organizational culture, such as resistance from employees, due to fears of job loss. The study adopted organizational culture theory to examine the role of organizational culture in enabling a successful integration of advanced digital technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning to drive business process activities and organizational business models within a dynamic digital society. A qualitative research approach was adopted for this study, and a semi-structured interview conducted with a population of 21 participants in the commerce industry. A systematic review of existing literature provided significant insight into scholarly views. Findings from the study reveal a significant relationship between organizational culture and successful integration of advanced digital technology. The study provided insight into the considerable role of organizational culture in shaping successful digitalization outcomes.

In an era where software systems are increasingly complex, code review remains a critical quality assurance practice. While effective, traditional manual code review methods are time-consuming and prone to inconsistency. This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes code review by enabling automation, improving accuracy, and promoting coding standardization. Drawing on recent AI-driven tools like GitHub Copilot and Google's internal frameworks, it examines the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in real-world settings. It highlights AI's ability to streamline refactoring, detect bugs, suggest secure coding practices, and provide real-time feedback. However, adopting AI raises concerns about developer over-reliance, algorithmic bias, and contextual misjudgments. Case examples from leading tech firms underscore AI's transformative potential while emphasizing the need for ethical safeguards and human oversight.

In an era where software systems are increasingly complex, code review remains a critical quality assurance practice. While effective, traditional manual code review methods are time-consuming and prone to inconsistency. This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes code review by enabling automation, improving accuracy, and promoting coding standardization. Drawing on recent AI-driven tools like GitHub Copilot and Google's internal frameworks, it examines the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in real-world settings. It highlights AI's ability to streamline refactoring, detect bugs, suggest secure coding practices, and provide real-time feedback. However, adopting AI raises concerns about developer over-reliance, algorithmic bias, and contextual misjudgments. Case examples from leading tech firms underscore AI's transformative potential while emphasizing the need for ethical safeguards and human oversight.

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics is transforming nations worldwide, triggering discussion about their socioeconomic impacts and appropriate regulatory responses. While extensively debated in developed economies, this issue remains underexplored in Africa-a region facing unique developmental challenges and opportunities. This systematic review explores the implications of automation, robotics and AI on income inequality, employment and taxation policies, focusing on literature published between 2017 and 2024. For this purpose, as search was carried out in Scopus and Google Scholar databases. A total of 78 papers were found, and after analysing them according to the PRISMA Statement 2020, a total of 36 papers were selected. The review indicates that automation and AI excessively impact low-skilled employees, worsening income disparity, while high-skilled workers benefit from increased salaries. Moreover, analysis indicates that robot taxation and investment in higher education are potential interventions to mitigate these adverse socioeconomic effects of technological innovation. The review suggests that government and policymakers should consider tax policies to fund educational institutions to equip citizens with the skills needed in the digital age. The paper offers practical insights for policymakers on robot taxation and labour force and advances understanding by proposing a framework for addressing automation-driven inequality internationally.

Code refactoring is an important practice to improve software maintainability, readability, performance in general. Current
refactoring approaches are mainly based on a manual intervention thus makes it time consuming and error prone. With the rising AI
driven solutions, the way came to implement enhanced performance with acceptable quality of code has become feasible through
automatic code refactoring. This research takes a look at an AI - based framework to refactor the code automatically based on deep
learning models, reinforcement learning, and symbolic analysis for identifying inefficiencies and optimizing the code structure. We
developed our approach that is an integration of a hybrid AI model capable of static and dynamic analysis in order to look for bottlenecks
and apply performance enhancing transformations. Then, we introduce an intelligent refactoring engine leveraging transformer-based
models and graph neural networks (GNNs) to learn code semantics and gastrointestinal surgery what might be the best restructuring
strategy. Moreover, our system by us iteratively refines refactored code using reinforcement learning, given the execution performance.
Relevant to the research also included the use of AI to optimize memory usage, efficiency in time complexity, and computational efficiency
while maintaining functional correctness. Performance gains and maintainability benefits are demonstrated on real world open-source
repositories that are used as empirical evaluations. The use of AI driven automation in software engineering is brought up by this study
which will eventually lead to more efficient, scalable, and high-performance software development processes.

This paper examines modern methods of object identification in industrial production lines, focusing on quality control automation and production efficiency optimization. The research analyzes both classical computer vision approaches (including edge detection, contour analysis, Hough transformation, and template matching) and statistical methods for object identification and quality assessment. The study provides comprehensive comparison of various algorithms' effectiveness based on speed, noise tolerance, and accuracy criteria. Special attention is given to evaluating these methods' performance under different production conditions, considering factors such as lighting, surface characteristics, background environment, geometric parameters, and movement speed. Through systematic analysis of existing identification technologies, research establishes key implementation factors for industrial vision systems and provides structured recommendations for deploying identification systems in manufacturing environments. The paper offers valuable insights for industrial enterprises seeking to enhance their quality control processes through modern computer vision and object identification systems.

Recent advances in generative AI have depicted it as a revolutionary approach in the software development technologies pioneered to improve the codes' reliability and sustain their quality and performance. Generative AI tools can help develop code independently, suggest intelligent solutions and ideas, and enhance several development procedures thanks to superior algorithms and machine learning features. This paper discusses how generative AI can/has been applied within software development to achieve the following three goals: First, to increase the code quality using automated code generation/review. Second, the code maintainability should be improved through standards and documentation. Third, to increase the up-to-speed development productivity due to AI-based automation, namely the automation of repetitive tasks and fast prototyping. The paper also considers issues and difficulties that can be tied to AI in this context: problems of dependence on AI, ethical and security issues, and technical imperfections. Finally, the implications of generative AI in software development in the future are presented, which can open a new direction in the development of software products while primarily pointing to the processes of managing the introduction of generative AI. Using the evaluation of the current possibilities and future perspectives of generative AI presented in this paper, one can conclude its impact on the future of software engineering.

This paper is based on how software development has been revolutionized using AI in automation, mainly dealing with code synthesis and rewrite frameworks. While there is no focused definition for software development with AI technologies, their application in development processes is unlikely to remain marginal as they mature and provide higher productivity, improved code quality, and enhanced ability for automating repetitive tasks in development. Automating coding means that predefined tools can bring code suggestions, show and apply refactoring features, and enforce coding standards so developers can devote their efforts to other aspects of software development. The following paper describes the practical systems that should be adopted before AI can be incorporated into software development. It also covers essential factors such as ethical, security, and quality aspects regarding the proper use of artificial intelligence. Lastly, the paper focuses on the direction and innovations in the future, including domain-specific AI models, better explainability of the AI solutions, and collaborative tools that can work according to improved and modified development practices. The framework is intended to balance machine learning with human experience to help developers utilize the benefits that an AI-Based Software Development Framework can render.

ODAY manufacturing companies are becoming increasingly aware that excellence in manufacturing can provide a competitive weapon to compete in sophisticated worldwide markets. In order to compete effectively, companies must be capable of manufacturing innovative product of high quality at a low cost, and also provide a first class customer services. At the same time, they must have the flexibility to cope with short product life cycle, demands for greater product variety from more discriminating customers and increasing international competition. World-class manufacturing companies have responded to these competitive demands by changing their traditional production system. To eliminate waste and improve quality, an innovation approach to inventory control called the Just-in-Time (JIT) system was developed by the Japanese-Taiichi Ohno, but has gained popularity throughout the world.Taiichi Ohno was considered to be the creator of the Toyota Production system and the father of the JIT s...

ODAY manufacturing companies are becoming increasingly aware that excellence in manufacturing can provide a competitive weapon to compete in sophisticated worldwide markets. In order to compete effectively, companies must be capable of manufacturing innovative product of high quality at a low cost, and also provide a first class customer services. At the same time, they must have the flexibility to cope with short product life cycle, demands for greater product variety from more discriminating customers and increasing international competition. World-class manufacturing companies have responded to these competitive demands by changing their traditional production system. To eliminate waste and improve quality, an innovation approach to inventory control called the Just-in-Time (JIT) system was developed by the Japanese-Taiichi Ohno, but has gained popularity throughout the world.Taiichi Ohno was considered to be the creator of the Toyota Production system and the father of the JIT system. JIT production system means an organization purchases materials and parts and produces components just when they are needed in the production process. Goods are not produced until it is time for them to be shipped to a customer. Many organizations adopt JIT systems to eliminate sources of manufacturing waste by producing the right part in the right place at the right time. The goal is to have minimum or zero inventories, because holding inventory is a non-value-added activity. The main goals of JIT manufacturing system are eliminate non-value-adding activities, to increase the focus upon product quality throughout the production process, reduction of inventory level, space requirements, wasted materials, time and effort. Plants are design for maximizing efficiency which smoother production flow with fewer disruptions. Improve the organization's ability to compete with others and remain competitive over the long run.

10 ways to speed up the design of numerically controlled power converters using Simulink 10 ways to speed up the design of numerically controlled power converters using Simulink | 2 BLAISE KEVINE LENZ SORONGA , Electrical Automation-Program debugging and tutor (master) Engineer At Lyric Robot Automation (Headquarters) China ,mainly responsible and specialist for debugging and designing Helium detection Machines and blade battery assembly line programs with a constant high speed production ,programming the automatic operation and controlling the running process of Coating and cell assembly machines, writing PLC fragment programs , Debugging and programming the end plate processing section and side plate processing section Machines, E-module stacking machine ,Kuka and Epson Robot. Researcher and Certified MATLAB Associate. His research and professional interests are Renewable Energy and Electrical Power, Artificial Intelligent and Mechatronic-pure Automation Programming, Industrial Automation application.

Securing profits both in the present and the future may be the main objective of any business. The manner in which a business can accomplish this is by providing customer satisfaction, thereby furnishing reliable products and services at a reasonable price, quality and consistent features which exceeds the customer's expectation. The accounting system followed by most of the business houses are inadequate to provide information that is required to meet and support these objectives. Accurate and valid financial information are essential for making decisions. Unfortunately, most manufacturing companies make their decision using traditional accounting such as standard costing which is unacceptable for any lean manufacturing concern. The information required for a lean environment are completely different from traditional manufacturing. In this article we explore what it is about standard costing that causes this conflict with lean and suggest an alternative costing approach that is consistent with the goals of lean and which provides the basis for sound management decisions. Value Stream Costing enables the true facts of production to be much more clearly realized than before.

Vehicle license number plate production in Nigeria faces high variability in terms of process times and inter-arrival times, resulting in poor production schedule reliability. This study aims to clarify the level of such variation and to provide process improvement strategies within plate production. The specific objectives herein include identifying assignable variables, estimating variability indices and minimizing variation by developing solutions to improve system performance. This study explores the variability pooling method in assessing potential cost-effective process improvements and a case study is conducted on four Nigerian vehicle license number plate production plants in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. Structured questionnaires were circulated to plant workers and data collected from plant production records from 2012 to 2015 in seven production lines were analyzed. A preliminary study on the production lines revealed the coefficient of variation (CV) for the Awka, Gwagwalada, Lagos and Lagos State Plants, showing measured variability levels of 0.62, 0.67, 0.60 and 0.78, respectively. Comparatively, the results obtained after the variability pooling showed a significant improvement in performance characteristics, such as low CV levels, enabling a 68% increase in net annual income for each plant, as well as enhanced machine utilization.

Purpose: Technological innovations are understood as new or improved processes, products or services, the technical characteristics of which are significantly different from the previous ones. Technological innovations in the banking sector have undoubtedly improved the functionality and performance of banks across the globe including West African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana and Coted’Ivoire. It has redefined the way and regime in banking operation in West Africa. It enables banks to improve the quality of service delivery to their numerous customers and makes it easy for customers to access banking services at the lowest cost possible. This study, therefore, focused on examining the impact of technological innovations on bank performance in West Africa.   Method: A set of annual time series covering the period 1997 to 2020 and a multiple regression analysis including an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, a fully modified OLS (FMOLS) model and a dynamic OLS (DOLS) mod...

Vehicle license number plate production in Nigeria faces high variability in terms of process times and inter-arrival times, resulting in poor production schedule reliability. This study aims to clarify the level of such variation and to provide process improvement strategies within plate production. The specific objectives herein include identifying assignable variables, estimating variability indices and minimizing variation by developing solutions to improve system performance. This study explores the variability pooling method in assessing potential cost-effective process improvements and a case study is conducted on four Nigerian vehicle license number plate production plants in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. Structured questionnaires were circulated to plant workers and data collected from plant production records from 2012 to 2015 in seven production lines were analyzed. A preliminary study on the production lines revealed the coefficient of variation (CV) for the Awka, Gwagwalada, Lagos and Lagos State Plants, showing measured variability levels of 0.62, 0.67, 0.60 and 0.78, respectively. Comparatively, the results obtained after the variability pooling showed a significant improvement in performance characteristics, such as low CV levels, enabling a 68% increase in net annual income for each plant, as well as enhanced machine utilization.

Currently, the role of tourism significantly influences the economy of Indonesia. Ecotourism is an environmentally conscious tourism activity that prioritizes the preservation of nature, and empowerment of the local community in terms of social, cultural, and economic aspects, as well as learning and education. In the village of Poncokusumo, the local cultural tradition known as Hari Raya Karo is still preserved to this day. Hari Raya Karo, or Yadnya Karo, is the second major festival after Kasada. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive methodology. The findings from field research encompass the entire series of Hari Raya Karo ceremonies, which can be sequentially described as follows: (1) opening ceremony, (2) sodoran, (3) puja sesanti, (4) andon mangan, and (5) sadranan and tari ojung. On the other hand, the Selamatan Desa ceremony follows the following order: (1) visiting graves, (2) ater tumpeng, (3) tandakan, (4) entertainment, and (5) sadranan. Observing the transition...

A spring is a place where water comes out of the ground seepage, seeps into the soil, then flows through cracks, gaps or natural tracts. Springs (sumber, tuk, umbulan, belik) are used to extract water by local people. This study was aimed at uncovering the knowledge about the types of sacred trees which supported the traditional conservation for water spring in Malang regency. The survey was carried out directly by taking three specimens in the spring environment. Interviews were conducted in person, in-depth, semi-structurally to the local community and tribe leaders. This study contained also the description of the diversity of sacred tree species which supported water spring in Malang Regency, East Java. The results of the study recorded 41 types of 27 genera and 20 families. The diversity of sacred tree species that are believed to be sacred include: ringin (Ficusbenyamina), lo (Ficusglomerata), serut (Streblusasper), ipik-ipik (Ficusprocera), ilat-ilat (Ficuscallosa), bendo (Ar...

Vehicle license number plate production in Nigeria faces high variability in terms of process times and inter-arrival times, resulting in poor production schedule reliability. This study aims to clarify the level of such variation and to provide process improvement strategies within plate production. The specific objectives herein include identifying assignable variables, estimating variability indices and minimizing variation by developing solutions to improve system performance. This study explores the variability pooling method in assessing potential cost-effective process improvements and a case study is conducted on four Nigerian vehicle license number plate production plants in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. Structured questionnaires were circulated to plant workers and data collected from plant production records from 2012 to 2015 in seven production lines were analyzed. A preliminary study on the production lines revealed the coefficient of variation (CV) for the Awka, Gwagwalada, Lagos and Lagos State Plants, showing measured variability levels of 0.62, 0.67, 0.60 and 0.78, respectively. Comparatively, the results obtained after the variability pooling showed a significant improvement in performance characteristics, such as low CV levels, enabling a 68% increase in net annual income for each plant, as well as enhanced machine utilization.

ackflush Costing (BC) has been made in response to the advances and innovations of production. The approach that is called backflush accounting (BA) has developed in response to the requirements of JIT manufacturing environment. The most important point to understand Backflush Costing and accounting is that there is no continuous tracking system. Backflush Costing which is also called Delayed or Post Deduct Costing is one of the simplest methods of cost accumulation that is used by companies that have adopted the JIT system. However, the JIT is not just a technique or techniques for accumulating cost and has broader philosophy that focuses on continuous simplification and reduction of loss and waste in all levels of the institution's activities and one of the goals of this system is zero ending inventories. The new costing system which is connected with the aim of responding to the requirements of JIT production system is called backflush costing.

This paper describes the development of a fast, efficient, artificial neural network (ANN) based fault diagnostic This paper describes the development of a fast, efficient, artificial neural network (ANN) based fault diagnostic This paper describes the development of a fast, efficient, artificial neural network (ANN) based fault diagnostic This paper describes the development of a fast, efficient, artificial neural network (ANN) based fault diagnostic system (FDS) for the system (FDS) for the system (FDS) for the system (FDS) for the location of fault on transmission lines. The principal functions of this diagnostic system are location of fault on transmission lines. The principal functions of this diagnostic system are location of fault on transmission lines. The principal functions of this diagnostic system are location of fault on transmission lines. The principal functions of this diagnostic system are: : : : detection of fault occurrence, detection of fault occurrence, detection of fault occurrence, detection of fault occurrence, identification of faulted sections and classification of faults into types. This has been identification of faulted sections and classification of faults into types. This has been identification of faulted sections and classification of faults into types. This has been identification of faulted sections and classification of faults into types. This has been achieved through a cascaded, multilayer ANN structure using the back achieved through a cascaded, multilayer ANN structure using the back achieved through a cascaded, multilayer ANN structure using the back achieved through a cascaded, multilayer ANN structure using the back-propagation (BP) learning algorithm. This propagation (BP) learning algorithm. This propagation (BP) learning algorithm. This propagation (BP) learning algorithm. This paper shows that the FDS accurately identifies High Imp paper shows that the FDS accurately identifies High Imp paper shows that the FDS accurately identifies High Imp paper shows that the FDS accurately identifies High Impedance Faults, which are relatively difficult to identify with edance Faults, which are relatively difficult to identify with edance Faults, which are relatively difficult to identify with edance Faults, which are relatively difficult to identify with other methods. Test results are simulated and generated in MATLAB using Apo 132KV transmission line in Apo other methods. Test results are simulated and generated in MATLAB using Apo 132KV transmission line in Apo other methods. Test results are simulated and generated in MATLAB using Apo 132KV transmission line in Apo other methods. Test results are simulated and generated in MATLAB using Apo 132KV transmission line in Apo transmission substation, Abuja. These results amply demonstrate the capability of the transmission substation, Abuja. These results amply demonstrate the capability of the transmission substation, Abuja. These results amply demonstrate the capability of the transmission substation, Abuja. These results amply demonstrate the capability of the FDS in terms of accuracy and FDS in terms of accuracy and FDS in terms of accuracy and FDS in terms of accuracy and speed with respect to detection, localization, and classification of faults in transmission lines. speed with respect to detection, localization, and classification of faults in transmission lines. speed with respect to detection, localization, and classification of faults in transmission lines. speed with respect to detection, localization, and classification of faults in transmission lines.

The relevance of operations research cannot be overemphasized, as it provides the best possible results in any given circumstance, through analysis of operations and the use of scientific method thus, this paper explore the combination of two operations research models (analytic hierarchy process and Markov chain) for solving subscribers’ churn and retention problem peculiar to most service firms. A conceptual model for unraveling the problem customer churn and retention decision management was proposed and tested with data on third level analysis of AHP for determining appropriate strategies for customer churn and retention in the Nigeria telecommunication industries. A survey was conducted with 408 subscribers; the sample for the study was selected through multi-stage sampling. Two analytical tools were proposed for the analysis of data. These include: Expert Choice/Excel Solver (using Microsoft Excel) and Windows based Quantitative System for Business (WinQSB). This paper plays i...

Talk on Challenges in the Mobile Application security and
vulnerabilities of mobile apps. There are many possible
weaknesses within the Android Based Devices. In this case study we look at 25 vulnerabilities and how they occur. We also look at the remedial action we could take to overcome the vulnerabilities so that application can be secure for use.
case study outline :
V1: Architecture, Design and Threat Modelling
V2: Data Storage and Privacy
V3: Cryptography Verification
V4: Authentication and Session Management
V5: Network Communication
V6: Environmental Interaction
V7: Code Quality and Build Settings
V8: Resiliency Against Reverse Engineering

In the highly competitive manufacturing environment, many companies around the world are searching for ways to improve manufacturing performance. This is in response to changes in the manufacturing environment reflected by shortened product life cycles, diverse customer needs and the rapid progress of manufacturing technology. A JIT tool otherwise referred to as kanban based scheduling is then considered as a suitable management concept for Juhel Pharmaceutical Nigeria Ltd to address the challenges by minimising all the components, particularly on the shop floor. The JIT system is not just related to Kanban implementation but it comprises an all-inclusive approach for improving batch size reduction, setup time reduction, quality, production planning, and human resources management. Mechanisms and operating procedures are required to provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the implementation of a pull system.

Intense competition in today’s economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for re-design of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. The ...

Purpose: This paper examined solving electric power transmission line faults using hybrid artificial neural network modules. This paper focuses on detecting, classifying and locating faults on electric power transmission lines. Methodology: The fundamental principle of the proposed fault diagnosis method is to add to the original network a fictitious bus where the fault occurs. Hence, the bus impedance matrix is augmented by one order. Then, the driving point impedance of the fault bus and the transfer impedances between this bus and other buses are expressed as functions of the unknown fault distance. Based on the definition of the bus impedance matrix, the change of the sequence voltage at any bus during the fault is formulated in terms of the corresponding transfer impedance and sequence fault current. Results: Findings from this study prove that back propagation neural networks are very efficient when a sufficiently large training data set is available. The regression plots of the various phases such as training, testing and validation indicate that the best linear fit very closely matches the ideal case with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.99329. The performance of the neural network in this case illustrates its ability to generalize and react upon new data. It is to be noted that the average error in this case is just 0.836 % which is still acceptable. Thus the neural networks performance is considered satisfactory and can be used for the purpose of three phase fault location as well.

This paper is on “Enhanced Real Time and Off-Line Transmission Line Fault Diagnosis Using Artificial Intelligence”. The actual implementation and development of the neural networks and their architectures have been achieved for the three different parts of the fault diagnosis process namely fault detection, classification and fault location. This paper also gives an overview of the training and testing processes employed with neural networks. Series of simulation results that have been obtained using MATLAB, Sim Power Systems and the Artificial Neural Networks Toolboxes in Simulink are also presented in detail to emphasize the efficiency and accuracy factors of the proposed fault locator. Several neural networks with varying configurations have been trained, tested and their performances have been analyzed in this work.

This research pursues inductive/deductive approach by studying existing techniques for fraud detection and customer churn prediction. Telecommunication operators for instance store large amounts of data related with the activity of their clients. In these records exists both normal and fraudulent activity records. It is expected that the fraudulent activity records should be substantially smaller than the normal activity. If it were the other way around this type of business would be impractical due to the amount of revenue lost. Furthermore, customer churn is the focal concern of most companies which are active in industries with low switching cost. Among all industries which suffer from this issue, telecommunications industry can be considered in the top of the list with approximate annual churn rate of 30%. This means wasting the money and efforts, "it is like adding water to a leaking bucket". In this paper, the authors present the review of past work that has been carried out by various researchers based on fraud detection and churn behavior modeling.

Pursuant to what had been stated in Region Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Malang Regency for period 2010-2030, Malang Regency was considered as the center of agricultural development, including districts bordered with Malang City. To protect the region functioning as the provider of rice production, then the policy of sustainable food farming-land (LP2B) was made which its implementation aims to protect rice-land. In the existing condition, LP2B system was not maximally executed, and it caused a limited extend of rice-land to deliver rice production output. One cause related with the development of settlements and industries due to the effect of Malang City that converted land-function. Location of research focused on 30 villages with direct border with Malang City. Review was conducted to develop a model of relation between farming production output and ecological footprint variables. These variables include rice-land area (X1), built land percentage (X2), and number of farmers (X3). Analysis technique was regression. Result of regression indicated that the model of rice production output Y=-207,983 + 10.246X1. Rice-land area (X1) was the most influential independent variable. It was concluded that of villages directly bordered with Malang City, there were 11 villages with higher production potential because their rice production yield was more than 1,000 tons/year, while 12 villages were threatened with low production output because its rice production yield only attained 500 tons/year. Based on the model and the spatial direction of RTRW, it can be said that the direction for the farming development policy must be redesigned to maintain rice-land area on the regions on which agricultural activity was still dominant. Because rice-land area was the most influential factor to farming production. Therefore, the wider the rice-land is, the higher rice production output is on each village.

A spring is a place where water comes out of the ground seepage, seeps into the soil, then flows through cracks, gaps or natural tracts. Springs (sumber, tuk, umbulan, belik) are used to extract water by local people. This study was aimed at uncovering the knowledge about the types of sacred trees which supported the traditional conservation for water spring in Malang regency. The survey was carried out directly by taking three specimens in the spring environment. Interviews were conducted in person, in-depth, semi-structurally to the local community and tribe leaders. This study contained also the description of the diversity of sacred tree species which supported water spring in Malang Regency, East Java. The results of the study recorded 41 types of 27 genera and 20 families. The diversity of sacred tree species that are believed to be sacred include: ringin (Ficusbenyamina), lo (Ficusglomerata), serut (Streblusasper), ipik-ipik (Ficusprocera), ilat-ilat (Ficuscallosa), bendo (Ar...

Indonesia has a high potential for the diversity of flora and fauna species together with their ecosystem. Preservation of natural resources can be done through conservation using the concept of ecotourism. The purpose of this research is to identify the potential of the flora and fauna in Biodiversity Park of Pelawan Forest for tourist attraction. The study was conducted from October 2016 to January 2017 through inventory and in-depth interview. The analysis on the results of this study indicate that there are 41 species of 27 families of plants and 135 species of animals consisting of amphibians (6 species), reptiles (16 species), birds (99 species) and mammals (14 species). This indicates that Biodiversity Park of Pelawan Forest is very competitive for tourism attractions, which is supported by the presence of key species (Tristaniopsis merguensis), flagship species (Cephalopachus bancanus), and abundance of birds for bird watching. Based on the IUCN red list, several species of flora, such as Gonystylus bancanus, and fauna, such as Setornis criniger, Chloropsis sonnerati, Macaca nemestrina, Nycticebus menagensis, and Cephalopachus bancanus, are vulnerable to extinction. This study on flora and fauna results in the initial data that can be used to support conservation efforts. Moreover, the result of this study can provide an opportunity for visitors to enjoy these tourist attractions, which can benefit the local community.

In the highly competitive manufacturing environment, many companies around the world are searching for ways to improve manufacturing performance. This is in response to changes in the manufacturing environment reflected by shortened product life cycles, diverse customer needs and the rapid progress of manufacturing technology. A JIT tool otherwise referred to as kanban based scheduling is then considered as a suitable management concept for Juhel Pharmaceutical Nigeria Ltd to address the challenges by minimising all the components, particularly on the shop floor. The JIT system is not just related to Kanban implementation but it comprises an all-inclusive approach for improving batch size reduction, setup time reduction, quality, production planning, and human resources management. Mechanisms and operating procedures are required to provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the implementation of a pull system.

This research pursues inductive/deductive approach by studying existing techniques for fraud detection and customer churn prediction. Telecommunication operators for instance store large amounts of data related with the activity of their clients. In these records exists both normal and fraudulent activity records. It is expected that the fraudulent activity records should be substantially smaller than the normal activity. If it were the other way around this type of business would be impractical due to the amount of revenue lost. Furthermore, customer churn is the focal concern of most companies which are active in industries with low switching cost. Among all industries which suffer from this issue, telecommunications industry can be considered in the top of the list with approximate annual churn rate of 30%. This means wasting the money and efforts, "it is like adding water to a leaking bucket". In this paper, the authors present the review of past work that has been carried out by various researchers based on fraud detection and churn behavior modeling.

This study assessed the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria for the period 1991 to 2012 using data sourced from 11 sampled commercial banks in Onitsha, Anambra State. This study applied Ordinary Least Square approach econometric techniques, Fixed and Random Effects Models in its analysis to ascertain the relationship between Banks Performance and the Application of ICT. The results indicate that Random Effects Model was appropriate. Also the findings reveal that the use of ICT in Nigerian banking industry increased return on equity. The regression and factor analysis showed that an insignificant size of profit exist without the introduction of ICT implying that ICT has a positive effect on profitability. Furthermore, the findings indicate strong relationship between sustained investment in ICT and efficiency. The study recommends among other things the enforcement of more policies that will boost proficient/appropriate utilization of ICT equipment rather than additional investments.

This research has developed an extended Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based high speed accurate transmission line fault location for double phase to- earth fault on non-direct-ground. Therefore, this research presents a system that capable of detecting and locating the fault with less proportion of error. This system uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to locate the position and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to send these messages to system supervisor. A reduction in the size of the neural network improves the performance of the same and this can be achieved by performing feature extraction. By doing this, all of the important and relevant information present in the waveforms of the voltage and current signals can be used effectively. Voltage and current waveforms have been generated and were sampled at a frequency of 720 Hertz. The neural network diagnostic system trained for double faults was found to be able to accurately diagnose abnormal behavior resu...

Intense competition in today’s economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for re-design of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. The ...

In the highly competitive manufacturing environment, many companies around the world are searching for ways to improve manufacturing performance. This is in response to changes in the manufacturing environment reflected by shortened product life cycles, diverse customer needs and the rapid progress of manufacturing technology. A JIT tool otherwise referred to as kanban based scheduling is then considered as a suitable management concept for Juhel Pharmaceutical Nigeria Ltd to address the challenges by minimising all the components, particularly on the shop floor. The JIT system is not just related to Kanban implementation but it comprises an all-inclusive approach for improving batch size reduction, setup time reduction, quality, production planning, and human resources management. Mechanisms and operating procedures are required to provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the implementation of a pull system.

Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy which helps the organisation to achieve and improve the return on investment by reducing material inventory plus the associated carrying costs. It is a logistics philosophy which is practiced in many manufacturing companies with an aim of reducing inefficiencies and unproductive time in the production process. However, earlier research and experience suggest that the interrelationship between JIT and other manufacturing system’s components such as product design and business strategies are more complex than it is suggested by the traditional JIT studies. This paper deals with the modelling and simulation in the manufacturing industry where assemblies are made as per the production forecast. The main objective of this paper is to observe how the Finished Goods Inventory of the assembly process using System Dynamics methodology and how it can be improved by considering the lead time and the manufacturing cycle time.

Intense competition in today's economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for redesign of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. T...

Tengger tribe is one of the tribes in Indonesia that live around Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) area. BTSNP area inhabited by the Tengger tribe people is an area in Indonesia with high biodiversity. The local wisdom of the Tengger tribe is in terms of the use of natural resources for various requirements of their lives. This study aimed to explore the utilization of multiple plants by the Tengger tribe in Ngadas and Ranupani villages around BTSNP. This research used surveys and group discussion (GDF) methods involving traditional leaders and some people of the Tengger tribe. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the plants used for traditional medicinal materials were 25 species, food sources were 17 species, industrial materials and household were 11 species, building materials were 17 species, ecological functions were nine species, and traditional ritual ceremonies were seven species. The Tengger tribe used the natural resources in the form cultivation plants and non-cultivation plants to support in all aspects of their livelihood.

As a famous tourism destination in Indonesia, Malang Raya has many interesting places for visiting, like river. River becomes an important part in tourism spatial planning of a region, because almost all the waste from human activities dumped into the river, thus it will affect the quality of the river water. Malang Raya passed by 12 sub-watersheds whereas 4 of them passed 3 districts/cities, namely Metro, Bango, Amprong and Manten sub-watershed. Therefore, it needs an integrated spatial planning between the three regions, especially to support tourism destination. The purpose of this research is to formulate water carrying capacity assessment and its recommendation in spatial planning in Malang area. This is a quantitative-descriptive study using regular monitoring of water quality in 20 rivers surrounding Malang Raya by Malang Department of Environment. The results of this study show that the sub-watershed area of Metro, Bango, Amprong and Manten are classified into mild contaminated. This condition, one of them, is caused by land use changing in upstream areas. A bit more pollution in the river will affect the number of tourist visits to Malang Raya area.

Intense competition in today’s economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for re-design of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. The ...

The relevance of operations research cannot be overemphasized, as it provides the best possible results in any given circumstance, through analysis of operations and the use of scientific method thus, this paper explore the combination of two operations research models (analytic hierarchy process and Markov chain) for solving subscribers’ churn and retention problem peculiar to most service firms. A conceptual model for unraveling the problem customer churn and retention decision management was proposed and tested with data on third level analysis of AHP for determining appropriate strategies for customer churn and retention in the Nigeria telecommunication industries. A survey was conducted with 408 subscribers; the sample for the study was selected through multi-stage sampling. Two analytical tools were proposed for the analysis of data. These include: Expert Choice/Excel Solver (using Microsoft Excel) and Windows based Quantitative System for Business (WinQSB). This paper plays i...

This article presents the development of a novel microcontroller based electric cooker/Oven with time and temperature control. It employs the rich application of ATmega8microcontroller as the core component. The system is software driven through the Clanguage code written to the microcontroller. Temperature control is achieved using a temperature sensor (LM35). The sensor monitors and measures the temperature of the system, keeping it at a preset value. The internal timing function of the microcontroller is used to time the cooking, baking or drying process. This whole cycle of temperature and time control is repeated until the set time elapses or until the item being cooked, dried or baked is ready (that is when the time is set to infinity mode). These processes conserve power and essential food nutrients. The cooker/oven is a cutting edge innovation and it is efficient, reliable and user friendly.