Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Automation

Since September 11, 2001, countries the world over has invested considerable resources to improving aviation security. Despite technology and procedural improvements, passenger screening remains subject to much criticism. Challenges to the current approach include the assumption that all passengers pose a risk; the reactive responses to new threats that are applied broadly to all passengers; high levels of threat uncertainty; a focus on objects versus people; and time constraints on completing the screening process. Combined, these challenges adversely impact performance and result in poor public acceptance of government efforts to protect the commercial aviation sector from terrorist attacks. Questions persist regarding the long-term efficacy and sustainability of the current approach and the availability of a better model. A risk-based approach that calibrates security measures to groups of passengers based on risk is frequently offered alternative screening models. This study evaluates the current and alternative models using security effectiveness and risk mitigation as evaluation dimensions. This evaluation of policy options allows a side-by-side comparison of models and demonstrates that adopting a risk-based security approach to passenger screening is the best option for Nigerian aviation industry.

Intense competition in today's economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for redesign of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. The conventional JIT approach is mostly applicable to static production systems and the dynamic production systems require a more practical integrated JIT approach.

The objective of this research is to design a "Microcomputer Based Multipoint Time Operated Power Switching System" (with overload protection). The system is made up of eight relays that can be controlled independently through the parallel port of a computer using visual basic software. It is a time operate electrical appliance controlling system and is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of switching the electrical devices ON/OFF with respect to time. Once is set and device activated, the device remain on till the set time elapses. With the aid of software devices on/off indicate the set time perimeter (hr. Min: sec) and the corresponding real time clock are displayed at the front of the panel. It can be time event, intervals of time and can definitely control AC appliances, it will trigger a relay when it has timed down. The system makes use of a real time check built around the computer system clock and keeps track of the time. When this time is equals to the programmed off time of a device, then the corresponding relay for the devices is switched off. The switch time can be edited using the peripherals devices like the keyboard and mouse.

This research pursues inductive/deductive approach by studying existing techniques for fraud detection and customer churn prediction. Telecommunication operators for instance store large amounts of data related with the activity of their clients. In these records exists both normal and fraudulent activity records. It is expected that the fraudulent activity records should be substantially smaller than the normal activity. If it were the other way around this type of business would be impractical due to the amount of revenue lost. Furthermore, customer churn is the focal concern of most companies which are active in industries with low switching cost. Among all industries which suffer from this issue, telecommunications industry can be considered in the top of the list with approximate annual churn rate of 30%. This means wasting the money and efforts, "it is like adding water to a leaking bucket". In this paper, the authors present the review of past work that has been carried out by various researchers based on fraud detection and churn behavior modeling.

In the highly competitive manufacturing environment, many companies around the world are searching for ways to improve manufacturing performance. This is in response to changes in the manufacturing environment reflected by shortened product life cycles, diverse customer needs and the rapid progress of manufacturing technology. A JIT tool otherwise referred to as kanban based scheduling is then considered as a suitable management concept for Juhel Pharmaceutical Nigeria Ltd to address the challenges by minimising all the components, particularly on the shop floor. The JIT system is not just related to Kanban implementation but it comprises an all-inclusive approach for improving batch size reduction, setup time reduction, quality, production planning, and human resources management. Mechanisms and operating procedures are required to provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the implementation of a pull system. Abstract-In the highly competitive manufacturing environment, many companies around the world are searching for ways to improve manufacturing performance. This is in response to changes in the manufacturing environment reflected by shortened product life cycles, diverse customer needs and the rapid progress of manufacturing technology. A JIT tool otherwise referred to as kanban based scheduling is then considered as a suitable management concept for Juhel Pharmaceutical Nigeria Ltd to address the challenges by minimising all the components, particularly on the shop floor. The JIT system is not just related to Kanban implementation but it comprises an all-inclusive approach for improving batch size reduction, setup time reduction, quality, production planning, and human resources management. Mechanisms and operating procedures are required to provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the implementation of a pull system. Basically, the Drug Process Plant operations are mainly characterised by single flow line production processes, periodical and multi-items orders. Based on the evaluation of the implementation of the new system, there are some factors that must be considered for further improvement including inventory reduction, improving visibility, batch size reduction and matching with other systems.

In electronics, testing tools is a major part when it comes to laboratory work. It’s a part of everyday activity to use one or several too while working on electrical system. No workman can do without testing tools. It is of great importance on practical basis. Thus the aim of this research is to build a Logic tester capable of testing most 74 series logic gates integrated circuits using a Microcontroller (AT89C51). This project is basically designed test or determines the condition of the gates in a logic gate IC by simulating its characteristics using the truth table of the particular IC. Different design approaches were compared and finally one approach was implemented. Each individual module was designed separately. After successful simulation and testing, they were put together to create the finalized version.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to design a traffic model for optimum performance analysis and enhancements of IEEE 802.11b QOS parameters. It investigated the effect of traffic distribution on the quality of service parameter on WLAN, in other to establish enhanced WLAN Performance.  In order to evaluate the mean packet delay and network throughput performance, this research has presented a traffic loading for MAC DCF which supports WLAN’s QOS Parameters.Methodology: Based on this model, a computer simulation model over a MATLAB Simulink was developed.Results: In this research, results show that the IEEE 802.11b does not perform well in terms of high throughput, and low mean delay at high traffic load conditions. Furthermore, it was also shown that the mean packet delay of arrived packets decreases as the number of workstations decreases, but at saturation, it was shown that throughput decreases, mean packet delay increases. Therefore, to achieve a better enhanced networ...

Street light has become part of our environment. Good street lighting provides and enhances safety in the community for residents, pedestrians and road users. Street lighting helps people feel safe and helps to reduce car crashes and crime. There are no specific hours for the lights to be on. Street lights are switched on and off by photo-electric control units, which react to changes in light levels. Thus the objective of this research is to design and implement a Photo-Electric Control System using AT89c51 Microcontroller and Light dependent resistor (Light/Dark Sensor). This was done by first comparing the different design approaches for each functional part to determine feasible and still affordable designs. The underlying hardware is complex and small, manufacturer-defined; "power on reset routine" must be run to place this hardware into an appropriate state before it can begin executing the user program. Running this reset routine requires that the microcontroller"s oscillator is operating. Application software was used to implement street light Control function. Each individual module was designed separately. After successful simulation and testing, they were put together to create the finalized version. Then, analysis was performed on the entire materials comparable to components that are already available in the market. The outcome of the design implementation of the microcontroller based photo-electric control system was satisfactory. This study recommends that further research work be carried out to design and implement automatic lighting system with remote database capable of sending signal and situation reports regarding operational parameters such as battery life and maintenance tips.

This research has developed an extended Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based high speed accurate transmission line fault location for double phase to- earth fault on non-direct-ground. Therefore, this research presents a system that capable of detecting and locating the fault with less proportion of error. This system uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to locate the position and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to send these messages to system supervisor. A reduction in the size of the neural network improves the performance of the same and this can be achieved by performing feature extraction. By doing this, all of the important and relevant information present in the waveforms of the voltage and current signals can be used effectively. Voltage and current waveforms have been generated and were sampled at a frequency of 720 Hertz. The neural network diagnostic system trained for double faults was found to be able to accurately diagnose abnormal behavior resu...

This research has developed an extended Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based high speed accurate transmission line fault location for double phase to- earth fault on non-direct-ground. Therefore, this research presents a system that capable of detecting and locating the fault with less proportion of error. This system uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to locate the position and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to send these messages to system supervisor. A reduction in the size of the neural network improves the performance of the same and this can be achieved by performing feature extraction. By doing this, all of the important and relevant information present in the waveforms of the voltage and current signals can be used effectively. Voltage and current waveforms have been generated and were sampled at a frequency of 720 Hertz. The neural network diagnostic system trained for double faults was found to be able to accurately diagnose abnormal behavior resulting from simultaneous multiple faults. Graceful degradation of the diagnostic system was observed in situations where faults were not accurately diagnosed or under damage to a few nodes.

This study assessed the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria for the period 1991 to 2012 using data sourced from 11 sampled commercial banks in Onitsha, Anambra State. This study applied Ordinary Least Square approach econometric techniques, Fixed and Random Effects Models in its analysis to ascertain the relationship between Banks Performance and the Application of ICT. The results indicate that Random Effects Model was appropriate. Also the findings reveal that the use of ICT in Nigerian banking industry increased return on equity. The regression and factor analysis showed that an insignificant size of profit exist without the introduction of ICT implying that ICT has a positive effect on profitability. Furthermore, the findings indicate strong relationship between sustained investment in ICT and efficiency. The study recommends among other things the enforcement of more policies that will boost proficient/appropriate utilization of ICT equipment rather than additional investments.

The objective of this research is to design a traffic model for optimum performance analysis and enhancements of IEEE 802.11b QOS parameters. It investigated the effect of traffic distribution on the quality of service parameter on WLAN, in other to establish enhanced WLAN Performance. In order to evaluate the mean packet delay and network throughput performance, this research has presented a traffic loading for MAC DCF which supports WLAN‟s QOS Parameters. Based on this model, a computer simulation model over a MATLAB Simulink was developed. In this research, results show that the IEEE 802.11b does not perform well in terms of high throughput, and low mean delay at high traffic load conditions. Furthermore, it was also shown that the mean packet delay of arrived packets decreases as the number of workstations decreases, but at saturation, it was shown that throughput decreases, mean packet delay increases. Therefore, to achieve a better enhanced network performance, it was observed that IEEE 802.11b WLAN QOS parameters can be improved to a maximum throughput.

This study assessed the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria for the period 1991 to 2012 using data sourced from 11 sampled commercial banks in Onitsha, Anambra State. This study applied Ordinary Least Square approach econometric techniques, Fixed and Random Effects Models in its analysis to ascertain the relationship between Banks Performance and the Application of ICT. The results indicate that Random Effects Model was appropriate. Also the findings reveal that the use of ICT in Nigerian banking industry increased return on equity. The regression and factor analysis showed that an insignificant size of profit exist without the introduction of ICT implying that ICT has a positive effect on profitability. Furthermore, the findings indicate strong relationship between sustained investment in ICT and efficiency. The study recommends among other things the enforcement of more policies that will boost proficient/appropriate utilization of ICT equipment rather than additional investments.

In the highly competitive manufacturing environment, many companies around the world are searching for ways to improve manufacturing performance. This is in response to changes in the manufacturing environment reflected by shortened product life cycles, diverse customer needs and the rapid progress of manufacturing technology. A JIT tool otherwise referred to as kanban based scheduling is then considered as a suitable management concept for Juhel Pharmaceutical Nigeria Ltd to address the challenges by minimising all the components, particularly on the shop floor. The JIT system is not just related to Kanban implementation but it comprises an all-inclusive approach for improving batch size reduction, setup time reduction, quality, production planning, and human resources management. Mechanisms and operating procedures are required to provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the implementation of a pull system.

Intense competition in today’s economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for re-design of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. The ...

Intense competition in today's economy, the shrinking life cycles of products, and the heightening expectations of customers have forced business enterprises to focus their attention on correctly arranging and controlling their production and supply chain systems. Thus, manufacturing firms/industries adopt JIT techniques to enjoy competitive advantage. In this paper, a literature review is presented to show the important applications of JIT Algorithms and Models in Production Systems. The purpose of this step is to review the results obtained from the implementation and to provide the practical recommendations for further improvement. This will help reveal practical issues encountered in the implementation. All these issues should become main concerns if the manufacturing Plant wants to get maximum benefits from the JIT implementation. This study bridged a research gap by identifying a framework for redesign of manufacturing systems into practical optimum Just-In-Time systems. T...

This paper examined solving electric power transmission line faults using hybrid artificial neural network modules. This paper focuses on detecting, classifying and locating faults on electric power transmission lines. The fundamental principle of the proposed fault diagnosis method is to add to the original network a fictitious bus where the fault occurs. Hence, the bus impedance matrix is augmented by one order. Then, the driving point impedance of the fault bus and the transfer impedances between this bus and other buses are expressed as functions of the unknown fault distance. Based on the definition of the bus impedance matrix, the change of the sequence voltage at any bus during the fault is formulated in terms of the corresponding transfer impedance and sequence fault current. Findings from this study prove that back propagation neural networks are very efficient when a sufficiently large training data set is available. The regression plots of the various phases such as training, testing and validation indicate that the best linear fit very closely matches the ideal case with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.99329. The performance of the neural network in this case illustrates its ability to generalize and react upon new data. It is to be noted that the average error in this case is just 0.836 % which is still acceptable. Thus the neural networks performance is considered satisfactory and can be used for the purpose of three phase fault location as well.