Agent Technology

This paper summarizes our efforts to address some of the technical and social aspects of agent design for increased human acceptability. From a technical perspective, we want to be able to ensure the protection of agent state, the viability of agent communities, and the reliability of the resources on which they depend. To accomplish this, we must guarantee insofar as possible that the autonomy of agents can always be bounded by explicit enforceable policy that can be continually adjusted to maximize their effectiveness ...

Federated simulations address the need for interoperability, as well as the improvement of reuse and composability. The focal goal in a federated simulation is to facilitate composable simulations by standardizing interfaces to assure technical interoperability among disparate simulations. Yet, existing federated simulation infrastructures neither facilitate substantive interoperability nor are dynamically extensible. Emergent Web services technologies hold out the potential to significantly improve the development of interoperable, extensible, and dynamically composable federations. As such, recent initiatives (i.e., XMSF) are urging the use of open standards that can be applied within an extensible framework for next generation modeling and simulation applications. We discuss how the realization of multimodel and multisimulation formalisms in terms of semantic Web and agent technologies may bring new vistas to demonstrate runtime model discovery, instantiation, composition, and in...

The unpredictability of business processes requires that business applications support exception management with the ability to dynamically adapt to the changing environment. Exception management is a kind of complex process, in which multiple organizations and mixture of human activities and automated tasks may be involved. For a competitive solution to exception management, a web services and agents supported approach is elaborated in this paper. Agent technology is applied to deal with the dynamic, complex, and distributed processes in exception management; web services techniques are proposed for more scalability and interoperability in network-based business environment. By integrating knowledge-based agents with web services to make use of the advantages from both, this approach leads to more intelligence, flexibility and collaboration in business exception management. A case of exception management in securities trading is developed to demonstrate the validity and benefits of this approach.

In recent years, workflow technology has been widely used in business process management. With the increased complexity, uncertainty and risks in business operations, workflow monitoring is gaining growing attention in business process controlling and supervision. However, monitoring functions provided in traditional workflow systems lack flexibility, and provide little support for managing complex and dynamical changes in business process. In this paper, we propose a novel workflow monitoring approach, in which various intelligent agents work together to perform flexible monitoring tasks in an autonomous and collaborative way. By using customized monitoring plan and proactive monitoring process, the workflow monitoring activities can be executed flexibly and efficiently. The application of intelligent agents for such flexible, adaptive and collaborative workflow monitoring is investigated through an intelligent monitoring system in securities trading.

engetahuan dimulai dengan rasa ingin tahu, kepastian dimulai dari rasa keragu-raguan, dan filsafat dimulai dari kedua-duanya. Sehingga jika kita ingin mengerti akan pengetahuan harus mengetahui apa yang kita tahu dan ketahuilah apa yang kita tidak tahu. Rumit memang jika membicarakan pengetahuan, ilmu, dan filsafat namun ketiganya itu ada di dalam hidup kita dan kita pasti akan bertemu dengan ketiganya. jadi janganlah menganggap sulit sesuatu sebelum kita berusaha untuk mencobanya. Filsafat mempunyai beberapa karakter, yang pertama adalah menyeluruh. Maksud dari menyeluruh adalah tidak akan cepat puas dengan apa yang dimilikinya, karena masih ada banyak lagi sesuatu yang belum diketahui. Dan jika sudah mempunyai spesialisasi ilmu maka jangan remehkan ilmu yang lain, tetapi coba kaitkanlah ilmu-ilmu yang lain dengan ilmu yang dimiliki. Kemudian karakter yang kedua adalah mendasar, maksudnya yaitu jangan cepat percaya bahwa sesuatu yang kita miliki adalah paling benar sehingga tidak ada kesombongan diantara kita ini. Yang terakhir karakternya adalah spekulatif, arti dari spekulatif ini adalah segala sesuatu yang kita anggap benar atau salah itu hanya pendapat dari kita sendiri. Hal ini disebabkan karena manusia mempunyai batas dalam pemikirannya. Untuk filsafat ilmu sendiri, ia adalah bagian dari epistimologi yang secara spesifik mengkaji hakekat ilmu (pengetahuan ilmu). Dan secara garis besar filsafat ilmu ini dibagi menjadi filsafat ilmu-ilmu alam dan filsafat ilmuilmu sosial. Hal ini hanya untuk pembatasan masing-P ii | M. Mahbubi, S.Fil.I., M.Pd.I. Mahbubi adalah masih satu-satunya buku Filsafat Ilmu yang ada di lingkungan UNUSA. Kepada penulis, saya ucapkan selamat dan sukses atas bukunya yang berjudul "FILSAFAT ILMU: Sebuah Catatan Ringkas" yang telah diterbitkan ini. Harapan saya, semoga buku ini bisa bermanfaat bagi seluruh civitas akademika UNUSA pada umumnya dan seluruh Dosen UNUSA pada Khususnya agar termotivasi munculnya karya-karya lainnya di lingkungan UNUSA, sehingga semakin banyak kajian keilmuan yang muncul dari UNUSA. Silahkan buku ini dibaca, dimengerti, termotivasi, berfikir, dan berkarya.

KM initiatives in organisations have often run into difficulties at the implementation level. Research into the causes of these problems has shifted attention to the human dimension of KM. Recently some researchers have focused on personal knowledge management ...

The Medical information systems evolve constantly. The quality of the medical information system relies on competences, qualifications, and the organization of the participating partners. Those last ones belong to heterogeneous and autonomous information systems. So, it is necessary to assure a permanent cooperation. This paper shows a coherent architectural framework that allows the development of interoperable medical information systems in measure or these systems evolve. The essential idea is to use concepts of multi-agent systems to perform the different activities of medical information system and thus, to adapt the solutions provided by the agent paradigm to solve the different problems encountered while establishing a medical information system.

With the widespread adoption of online social networks as a crucial means for communication, social information retrieval is becoming one of the most interesting areas of research in terms of the large number of-theoretical and practical-issues that it encompasses. We argue that agent technology is central in supporting the decentralization of next generation online social networks and the synergistic pairing of agents and social networks is evident, if nothing else, because members of a social network interact as agents do in a multiagent system. In this paper we investigate the possibilities that agent technology can offer to social information retrieval and we emphasize the role that agents and multi-agent systems can play by presenting Blogracy, an agent-based online social network system.

In this paper, we present a software framework, called HDS (Heterogeneous Distributed System), that tries to simplify the realization of distributed applications and, in particular, of multi-agent systems, by: i) abstracting the use of different technologies for the realization of distributed applications on networks of heterogeneous devices connected through a set of different communication transport protocols, ii) merging the client-server and the peer-to-peer paradigms, and iii) implementing all the interactions among the processes of a system through the exchange of typed messages that allow the implementation of a large set of communication protocols and languages.

AOIS is a multi-agent system that supports the sharing of information among a community of users connected through the Internet. In respect to Web search engines, this system enhances the search through domain ontologies, avoids the burden of publishing the information on the Web and guaranties a controlled and dynamic access to the information. The use of agent technologies has made the realization of three of the main features of the system straightforward: i) filtering of information coming from different users, on the basis of the previous experience of the local user, ii) pushing of new information that can be of interest for a user, and iii) delegation of access capabilities, on the basis of a reputation network, built by the agents of the system on the community of its users.

This paper presents a software framework, called Collaborator, to provide a shared work-space supporting the activities of virtual teams. This system exploits seamless integration of standard Web technologies with agent technologies, enhancing the classic Web communication mechanisms to support synchronous sharing of applications, and its use through emerging technologies such as: third generation of mobile networks and terminals, and new generation of home appliances. The system presented in the paper is the main result of an on-going European research project Collaborator (IST-2000-30045) that aims at specifying and developing a software distributed environment to support efficient synchronous collaborative work between virtual teams, and experiment such an environment in the construction and telecommunication working sectors EJB Framework components Portlets

RAP (Remote Assistant for Programmers) is a Web and multi-agent based system to support remote students and programmers during common projects or activities based on the Java programming language. RAP helps users to solve problems proposing information extracted from dedicated repositories and forwarding answers received from other users, recommended as experts. Its peculiar characteristic is the integration of the agent technology with the semantic Web technology. In fact, in order to improve filtering and recommendation techniques, RAP takes advantage of an ontological approach to user and document profiling. A RAP system is not a closed system, instead it is based on a dynamic network of RAP platforms managing groups of geographically localized users and documents. Therefore, recommendations should take into account of the accessible experts and documents. At this purpose, RAP users and documents profile management subsystems provide a mechanism that dynamically adapts the relevance of each profile. An initial prototype of the RAP System is under development by using JADE.

In today's increasingly competitive global market, most enterprises place great stress on reducing order fulfillment costs, minimizing time-to-market and maximizing product quality. The desire of businesses to achieve these goals has seen a shift from a make-to-stock paradigm to a make-to-order paradigm. The success of the make-to-order paradigm requires robust and efficient supply chain integration and implementation in the business-to-business (B2B) environment. Recent Internet-based approaches to this problem have enabled efficient and effective information sharing among trading partners (i.e., customers, manufacturers and suppliers). Here we present an integration framework for supply chain operations among trading partners in the B2B environment. A supply chain scenario is formed, for which an integration framework is proposed by using the concepts of business process specifications (BPS) and agent technology. The BPS with message choreographies among the trading partners is detailed by using a modified unified modelling language (UML). The behaviour of the enterprise applications within each trading partner is modelled as agent concepts by using Petri-nets, which depict how the enterprise applications respond to external events specified in the BPS. The concepts and models proposed in this paper should provide the starting point for the formulation of a structured approach to B2B supply chain integration and implementation.

This paper presents a strategy for the support of Personal Communication Services in TINA compliant systems through the use of mobile agents. The paper reflects the vision of the EC/ACTS research project DOLMEN that has developed OSAM, an Open Service Architecture for fixed and Mobile environments. After introducing the principle of retailer federation in a multi-domain environment, the paper analyses how federation can be established to support migration of agents acting on behalf of the user within the network. Moreover, a strategy for mobile agents allocation is presented and its effectiveness is evaluated according to two different performance metrics: the signalling load on the network and the average response time for service requests.

This paper describes the role of agent in distributed data mining, comparison of various agent frameworks and also focusses on jade agent framework as a suitable framework for distributed data mining and discovery of patterns from multi agent systems. In this paper, overview of JADE architecture and basic steps to develop agents are described. The paper also focusses on implementing association rule mining algorithm-Apriori on JADE agent framework and result has been generated.

Ontologies are one of the most used representations to model the domain knowledge. An ontology consists of a set of concepts connected by semantic relations. The construction and evolution of an ontology are complex and timeconsuming tasks. This paper presents DYNAMO-MAS, an Adaptive Multi-Agent System (AMAS) that automates these tasks by co-constructing an ontology from texts with an ontologist. Terms and concepts of a given domain are agentified and they act, according to the AMAS approach, by solving the non cooperative situations they locally perceive at runtime. These agents cooperate to determine their position in the AMAS (that is the ontology) thanks to (i) lexical relations between terms, (ii) some adaptive mechanisms enabling addition, removing or moving of new terms, of concepts and of relations in the ontology as well as (iii) feedbacks from the ontologist about the propositions given by the AMAS. This paper focuses on the instantiation of the AMAS approach to this difficult problem. It presents the architecture of DYNAMO-MAS, and details the cooperative behaviors of the two types of agents we defined for ontology evolution. Finally evaluations made on three different ontologies are given in order to show the genericity of our solution.

The authors are concerned about how Information Systems (I.S.) managers might contribute their expertise in the management of information to encourage the birth of innovative industries. Evidence from the now extensive management and economics innovation literature argues that, in order to encourage innovation, it is necessary to design an evolving mix of social networks between organisations that encourages a range of very different tacit core competencies to meet. The soft and multiple perspective literature from the Information Systems discipline literature may then be useful to provide a more 'personal level' analysis of these meetings, especially using the 'inquiry systems' work that has derived from Churchman [1971].

Educational Modelling Languages have been proposed to enable the conceptual description of educational processes to be supported by computational systems. These languages are mainly concerned with the modelling of the coordination issues involved in educational practices, namely: learners, tutors, contents, tasks, assignments, document flows, etc. They abstract from any technological or pedagogical consideration and focus themselves on the modelling of the elements and interactions involved. In this paper we propose a meta-model to achieve an eventual modelling language in this field. Current proposals are defined as generic languages able to describe any educational scenario or practice. We consider that they do not adequately support some coordination issues and our proposal is mainly focused on collaborative learning. It tries to enable the modelling of the information managed and their transmission between tasks, and of the roles involved and their assignment to different tasks. The paper contains an example demonstrating the use of the meta-model.

Within inter-organizational supply chains decentralized planning spheres lead to new challenges for the tracking and tracing of the fulfillment process. Nevertheless, information about progress and delays for instance in production has to be gathered to plan and to control the supply ...

The Pellucid project is developing an adaptable and customisable platform for enabling experience management in public organisations. Starting with a study of the three pilot applications, a uniform framework has been developed for experience management, based on the generation of 'active hints' that are presented to the user according to working context. Working context encompasses both position in the work process and domain-specific characteristics, typically similarity to previous cases. The paper discusses the applications and the framework.

Public organisations often face knowledge management problems caused by organisational mobility, the continual and pervasive movement of staff between units and departments. This can be a strength, but also introduces problems of loss of experience and reduced efficiency and effectiveness in working. The Pellucid project is developing a knowledge management system to assist in such situations. The project's three pilot applications are described, and an abstracted view of their knowledge management needs is developed. An outline of key parts of the technical solution is given.

A Framework for Experience Management in e- ... Simon Lambert and Alvaro Arenas CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK SCLambert@rl.ac.uk AEArenas@rl.ac.uk ... Sabine Delaitre and José Mena Raposo, SADIEL, SA, c/ Isaac Newton s/n, Edificio Sadiel, ...

Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) is a software in JAVA, which is used for the development of agents, implemented in JAVA. It is a distributed agents platform, which has a container for each host where we run the agents. Additionally the platform has various debugging tools, mobility of code and content agents, the possibility of parallel execution of the behavior of agents, as well as support for the definition of languages and ontologies. In this paper, we will be having a detailed study on the functioning of JADE and we will put forward our conclusions on how its functioning can be enhanced.

La toile (i.e., Web) exige de nos jours des logiciels capables d'opérer sur des sources d'information hétérogènes placées dans un environnement ouvert et dynamique (comme par exemple l'internet). Elle exige également de revoir certaines applications complexes (les bibliothèques digitales, les services banquiers, les assurances, etc.) comme un ensemble d'agents logiciels autonomes capables d'interagir en vue de réaliser certains objectifs. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une architecture réutilisable multiagent qui intègre de nouveaux développements technologiques (incluant entre autres : la technologie agent, KQML, la médiation entre agents, la technologie web, etc.) en vue de supporter ces exigences. Cette architecture appelée NetSA est composée de trois couches : la couche de communication avec l'utilisateur, la couche de traitement de l'information et la couche d'interrogation et d'extraction d'informations. Ainsi, NetSA traite des aspects I3 (Information, Interaction et Intelligence), au travers respectivement des bases de données qu'elle adresse pour extraire de l'information, des communications entre agents et des stratégies de recherche au moyen de la couche intermédiaire. Nous avons spécifié, développé et validé une telle architecture. Pour la validation, nous avons opté pour une compétition entre agents-banques, en vue de proposer les meilleurs taux hypothécaires à d'éventuels clients. Pour cela, nous avons étudié et développé des algorithmes à base d'enchères qui pourraient optimiser le profit de l'acheteur ou du vendeur selon les conditions de vente. Les premiers résultats de la validation ont à qui toute correspondance doit être adressée : B. Chaib-draa, Dépt Informatique, Pav.

Secara sederhana, filsafat adalah berpikir secara kritis. Definisi filsafat bersifat subjektif dan tidak ada kesepakatan di antara para ahli filsafat terkait definisi filsafat. Menurut Mohammad Hatta, filsafat lebih baik tidak didefinisikan secara mutlak karena dikhawatirkan akan membawa banyak perdebatan. Cukup dengan membaca sebanyak-banyaknya tentang filsafat, sehingga mendapatkan pemahaman tersendiri atas filsafat. Kebijaksanaan ini dilakukan berdasarkan kepercayaan adanya persamaan-persamaan dalam keanekaragaman yang dapat mengantarkan pada garis besar masalah. Dikutip dari filsuf dan fisikawan Socrates dan Edwin Schrödinger (1887-1961) yang mengatakan bahwa filsafat berawal dari ketidaktahuan yang dibarengi dengan rasa ingin tahu. Namun, seiring revolusi ilmu pengetahuan, filsafat juga dapat digunakan sebagai suatu sikap perilaku seseorang secara sadar berdasarkan pemikiran yang menyeluruh dan mendalam.
Filsafat merupakan ibu dari banyak pengetahuan di bumi. Salah satu cabang dari filsafat adalah logika. Logika berasal dari bahasa latin yaitu ‘logos’ yang berarti perkataan atau sabda (K.Prent C.M.T Adisubrata, 2008). Kemudian George F. Kneller dalam buku Logic of Language Education, mendefinisikan logika sebagai penyelidikan tentang dasar-dasar dan metode berpikir (correct reason). Logika merupakan salah satu cabang filsafat menjadi indikator proses mencapai pengetahuan secara rasional dan objektif, tegas, serta jauh dari emosi (Drs. H. Mundiri, 1994). Menjadikan logika sangat terikat dengan filsafat sebagai dasar akal dan pikiran. Logika mengajarkan kita untuk menggunakan kata yang tepat untuk menghindari ambiguitas, mengajarkan kita untuk menjabarkan ide pemikiran dari filsafat ke dalam struktur yang jelas. Filsafat logika mempelajari prinsip-prinsip dasar metode penalaran yang digunakan untuk membentuk pemikiran dan argumentasi.
Ekologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup dengan tempat yang dia hidupkan. Ekologi menekankan pada pola hubungan timbal balik termasuk didalamnya struktur, proses, dan fungsi. Filsafat ekologi merupakan sebuah paradigma baru yang menempatkan hubungan manusia dengan alam sebagai satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisahkan. Dalam konteks ilmu hubungan internasional, filsafat ekologi menawarkan perspektif menyeluruh yang menekankan pentingnya kesadaran global untuk menjaga keberlanjutan bumi dan lingkungan hidup. Paradigma ini menggeser fokus dari sekadar kepentingan nasional dan politik kekuasaan menuju perhatian pada isu-isu lingkungan yang bersifat internasional. Melalui filsafat ekologi, hakikat manusia tidak dapat dipisahkan dari alam dan lingkungan, yang artinya, segala sesuatu yang dilakukan manusia akan berdampak pada keseimbangan alam, begitupun sebaliknya.
Menanggapi kesadaran hubungan tersebut, diplomasi lingkungan dari pihak manusia muncul sebagai solusi atas isu-isu lingkungan yang tidak hanya secara nasional, tetapi dampaknya juga mendunia. Diplomasi lingkungan juga merupakan bentuk kerja sama antarnegara demi menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan. Tantangan lingkungan seperti perubahan iklim, deforestasi, dan polusi udara, tidak mengenal batas negara, sehingga membutuhkan kolaborasi internasional.
Filsafat ekologi hadir sebagai paradigma baru dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang menekankan keterkaitan mendalam antara manusia, alam, dan sistem global. Etika lingkungan hidup sebagai landasan moral kolektif berangkat dari pemikiran A. Sonny Keraf (2010), yang menyatakan bahwa “manusia dan alam memiliki hubungan saling ketergantungan” dan alam memiliki hak untuk dihormati, bukan semata alat bagi manusia. Selain itu, Robyn Eckersley (2004) dalam konsep green state memperluas batas komunitas moral hingga mencakup lingkungan, dengan menyatakan bahwa negara memiliki peran strategis untuk memasukkan isu lingkungan ke dalam kebijakan domestik dan internasional.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis studi literatur termasuk karya Keraf (2010), Eckersley (2004), dan konsep green theory dalam hubungan internasional  untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana filsafat ekologi bisa diterjemahkan dalam praktik diplomasi lingkungan. Diplomasi global seperti Paris Agreement memang menjadi mitra penting dalam menangani perubahan iklim, tetapi implementasinya masih terbatas karena kurangnya kesadaran ekologis yang mendalam di tatanan negara dan masyarakat.
Penelitian ini berisi tentang pemahaman akan paradigma filsafat ekologi dalam ilmu hubungan internasional dalam membahas isu-isu terkait lingkungan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa bagian, yang masing-masing bagiannya memiliki keterkaitan satu sama lain. Bagian 1 memiliki penjelasan akan gambaran umum terkait dengan filsafat, ekologi dan diplomasi, serta pembahasan mengenai filsafat ekologi dan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam menyusun penelitian. Pada bagian 2, penelitian membahas terkait dasar-dasar pemikiran  seperti holisme, interkoneksitas, dan keadilan lingkungan sebagai konsep dan pemikiran dasar yang memiliki keterkaitan antara filsafat ekologi dengan ilmu hubungan internasional, terutama pada implementasinya dalam menangani isu pada aspek lingkungan. Terakhir pada bab 3 penelitian ini, memberikan kesimpulan dari isi keseluruhan penelitian ini dan menekankan akan pentingnya pemahaman filsafat ekologi dalam ilmu hubungan internasional serta implementasinya.

Penelitian ini membahas filsafat ekologi sebagai paradigma baru dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional, dengan menekankan pentingnya membangun kesadaran global untuk menjaga keberlanjutan bumi. Filsafat ekologi menawarkan perspektif holistik dan interkonektif yang menempatkan hubungan manusia dan alam sebagai satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisahkan, serta menyoroti peran penting etika lingkungan dalam membentuk kebijakan domestik dan internasional. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis studi literatur, penelitian ini mengkaji konsep holisme, interkoneksitas, dan keadilan lingkungan sebagai landasan teoretis untuk memahami keterkaitan antara manusia, alam, dan sistem global. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya diplomasi lingkungan dan kerja sama internasional dalam menghadapi tantangan global seperti perubahan iklim, deforestasi, dan polusi lintas batas. Penelitian ini juga menekankan bahwa penerapan filsafat ekologi dalam praktik hubungan internasional masih menghadapi hambatan akibat kurangnya kesadaran ekologis yang mendalam di tingkat negara dan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya perubahan paradigma dan penguatan etika lingkungan dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional guna mencapai tata kelola lingkungan yang inklusif, adil, dan berkelanjutan di tingkat global.

Penelitian ini membahas filsafat ekologi sebagai paradigma baru dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional, dengan menekankan pentingnya membangun kesadaran global untuk menjaga keberlanjutan bumi. Filsafat ekologi menawarkan perspektif holistik dan interkonektif yang menempatkan hubungan manusia dan alam sebagai satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisahkan, serta menyoroti peran penting etika lingkungan dalam membentuk kebijakan domestik dan internasional. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis studi literatur, penelitian ini mengkaji konsep holisme, interkoneksitas, dan keadilan lingkungan sebagai landasan teoretis untuk memahami keterkaitan antara manusia, alam, dan sistem global. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya diplomasi lingkungan dan kerja sama internasional dalam menghadapi tantangan global seperti perubahan iklim, deforestasi, dan polusi lintas batas. Penelitian ini juga menekankan bahwa penerapan filsafat ekologi dalam praktik hubungan internasional masih menghadapi hambatan akibat kurangnya kesadaran ekologis yang mendalam di tingkat negara dan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya perubahan paradigma dan penguatan etika lingkungan dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional guna mencapai tata kelola lingkungan yang inklusif, adil, dan berkelanjutan di tingkat global

Penelitian ini membahas filsafat ekologi sebagai paradigma baru dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional, dengan menekankan pentingnya membangun kesadaran global untuk menjaga keberlanjutan bumi. Filsafat ekologi menawarkan perspektif holistik dan interkonektif yang menempatkan hubungan manusia dan alam sebagai satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisahkan, serta menyoroti peran penting etika lingkungan dalam membentuk kebijakan domestik dan internasional. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis studi literatur, penelitian ini mengkaji konsep holisme, interkoneksitas, dan keadilan lingkungan sebagai landasan teoretis untuk memahami keterkaitan antara manusia, alam, dan sistem global. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya diplomasi lingkungan dan kerja sama internasional dalam menghadapi tantangan global seperti perubahan iklim, deforestasi, dan polusi lintas batas. Penelitian ini juga menekankan bahwa penerapan filsafat ekologi dalam praktik hubungan internasional masih menghadapi hambatan akibat kurangnya kesadaran ekologis yang mendalam di tingkat negara dan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya perubahan paradigma dan penguatan etika lingkungan dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional guna mencapai tata kelola lingkungan yang inklusif, adil, dan berkelanjutan di tingkat global

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of short term assets and short term liabilities in cement industry of Pakistan for the period of last twelve years 2000-2011. Our intention was about the use of current assets and current liabilities how effecting the profitability of this sector. The data were collected from the financial analysis of the State Bank of Pakistan for non-financial company's analysis. The population of this study was the complete cement industry of the Pakistan. We have used multiple regressions through SPSS for the testing of this study hypothesis. The results show that cash is significant at 5% level of significance. Inventory and debtors are insignificant at 5% level of significance. The results also show that current liabilities and sales are highly significant at 5% level of significance. The current liabilities are negatively affecting the profitability. The variable sales are positively affecting the profitability. The current assets are also significant at 5% level of significance.

Healthcare is seen as one of the most important areas for networked enterprise applications & services. Much effort is put into IT to achieve better efficiency & quality of service. Especially the fields of Patient general & preventive Education are associated with desirable outcomes like greater satisfaction and compliance of the patient. This work addresses the issue of more efficient handling of doctor-patient relationship. HealthBot.Net uses Agent technology to extend patient-doctor relationship beyond the physical & logistical limitation of face-to-face consultations. Work was done at a sample of 47 Patients educated before Catheter Ablation. Objective was to give patients possibility to let them (pre)access & enter information speaking "natural" language and evaluate the impact. Second objective was to provide a conversation overview & screening objective for the doctor.

Agent-based recommender systems are tools able to assist users' choices with suggestions coming closest to their orientations. In this context, it is relevant to identify those users that are the most similar to the target user in order to require them suitable suggestions. However, particularly when we deal with video contents for e-Learning, it should be appropriate also to consider (i) recommendations coming from those students resulted the most effective in suggesting video and (ii) the effects of the device currently exploited. To address such issues in a multimedia scenario, we propose a multi-agent trust based recommender architecture, called ELSA, appositely conceived to this aim. Some preliminary performed simulations permitted to evaluate our proposal with respect to the other considered agentbased RSs.

Pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan Islam tradisional yang tumbuh dan berkembang ditengah-tengah masyarakat Muslim dan ikut terlibat langsung dalam upaya mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan telah memberikan kotribusi yang cukup signifikan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Indonesia. Pendidikan pesantren dan gender adalah dua hal yang selalu menarik untuk diperbincangkan, sebab penggagas pendidikan untuk perempuan adalah melalui didirikannya Madrasah diniyah yang diselenggrakan di lembaga pendidikan pesantren, sehingga kini, kita bisa melihat kiprah perempuan disegala sektor sekarang sudah mulai memiliki jabatan dan kedudukan, baik dalam ranah kultural maupun structural. Dalam arti, jika dahulu ada anggapan bahwa perempuan adalah orang kedua, maka sekarang anggapan tersebut sudah tidak relevan lagi. Namun jika kita telisik lagi, munculnya tokoh-tokoh perempuan di arena public bahkan hanya sering terdengar sebagai ikon persamaan kesempatan, dan bukan sebagai manifestasi yang konsisten dari kebijakan berbasis kesetaraan gender. Pada titik inilah "bias gender" dirasakan masih kental ditemukan dalam berbagai segmen kehidupan masyarakat. Pada umumnya pergerakan perempuan itu muncul sebagai jawab atas respon terhadap permasalahan yang muncul. Pada masa awal abad XX hingga masa kemerdekaan; strategi yang ditempuh oleh gerakan perempuan adalah untuk meningkatkan kedudukan perempuan dan mencapai Indonesia merdeka. 1 Pasca kemerdekaan; keterlibatan dan eksistensi perempuan adalah selalu berupaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan pemberdayaan bagi kemajuan kaum perempuan disegala aspek kehidupan, baik melalui pendidikan dan pengajaran di sekolah atau di pesantren maupun eksistensinya di dunia kerja dan politik.

To facilitate the development of multi-agent systems and improve the reusability, robustness and feasibility of these systems, we proposed a role-based agent development framework (RADE). In this paper, we present more details on the design of agents and motivations within such framework. We introduce a practical approach to modeling agent's motivation and specifying agent's goals, where a role-mapping mechanism is developed based on this design. We also introduce the RTAEMS language based on the extension of TAEMS to model the plan tree for each goal. This representation is used to support the development of general planning/scheduling and collaboration/cooperation mechanisms.

Intelligent agents are becoming one of the most important topics in distributed and autonomous decentralized systems, and there are increasing attempts to use agent technologies to develop large-scale commercial and industrial software systems. The complexity of such systems suggests a pressing need for system modeling techniques to support reliable, maintainable and extensible design. The mission of this proposed chapter is to describe an approach for using a formal model in the design of agents. The approach is based on G-nets, which are a type of Petri net defined to support system modeling in terms of a set of independent and loosely-coupled modules. We customize the basic G-net model to define a so-called "agent-oriented G-net" that can serve as a generic model for agent design. To illustrate our formal modeling technique for multi-agent systems, an example of an agent family in electronic commerce is provided. Finally, we discuss our future research plans.

Agent technologies have steadily matured in moving from the research laboratory to industrial application over the last ten years. Numerous systems have been deployed or are under advanced development with strong industrial support. These systems suggest important lessons for both industry and researchers. From an industrial perspective, these examples reflect trends in both business and technology that make agents an increasingly attractive commercial tool. From a research perspective, these examples identify important gaps in agent technology that merit the attention of academicians.

There is a proliferation of "smart" devices for industrial and commercial systems employing embedded processor, sensors, logic, and communications. Along with benefits provided such as enhanced control and diagnostics, there is a commensurate increase in system complexity and the need to effectively manage real time dynamic system components. A framework for managing complex, dynamic, coupled entities based on autonomous cooperating agents has been shown to be effective in managing a chilled water system representative of shipboard systems. This same model may be readily extended to manage power generation and distribution such as found in a shipboard environment. Additional capabilities are provided by integrating the distributed intelligent power system control architecture with the corresponding model for other ship services such as chilled water. The use of autonomous cooperating agents for individual critical ship subsystems and their collaboration across ship services to realize mission-level objectives are the basis for an integrated suite of intelligent devices that can provide superior performance, reliability, survivability, and lifecycle cost.

In this paper, we summarize advantages of using agent technology in the design and operation of industrial control systems. To support appropriate responses to dynamically generated events, we divided the agent operation into two main levels: planning and real-time control. A higher-level software agent covers the planning phase and low-level distributed control agent provides the real-time control. The proposed architecture is targeted on applications where real-time response is essential but also more sophisticated higher-level control mechanisms are needed for efficient control. An implementation of such system is briefly described.

Content Delivery Network (CDN) refers to a collection of servers strategically positioned across multiple geographical locations, with the primary purpose of caching content close to end users. A Content Delivery Network (CDN) facilitates the expeditious transmission of essential components for rendering digital content on the Internet, encompassing HTML pages, JavaScript files, style sheets, images, and videos. The utilization of Content Delivery Network (CDN) services is witnessing an upsurge in popularity, presently accounting for a significant proportion of web traffic, even encompassing major platforms like Facebook, Netflix, and Amazon. Due to the importance of this site, this paper will discuss the concept of CDN, and the important topics related to it related to the network, what are its types and divisions, and its importance in the world of information technology. The research analyzes the most important studies presented by researchers from 2021 to 2023.

To perform large-scale coordination in real-world environments requires that many individually complex technologies come together to form integrated solutions. We present an application where several key technologies are integrated into a unified system via a multiagent infrastructure. We show how the synergistic behavior among heterogeneous technologies results in a significant improvement over the performance of the individual technologies acting alone. Critical extensions were required to the language describing required behavior to allow the pieces to work together. Initial experimental results show system performance on a task of coordinating a military convoy in an adversarial environment was significantly improved when all technologies worked together. However, experiments with a human user in the loop showed that significant advances must still be made before such systems can be fielded in the real-world.

Intelligent agents can be used as agents of organizational change. This potential exists in the domain of accounting audit, where much of what is currently done manually in batch mode could be done continuously and on-line. We discuss the use of intelligent Internet agents as a way of changing and expanding audit practices in the virtual world. A quality/service framework is presented that suggests ways that accounting firms can evolve in this era of on-line opportunities. The EDGAR Agent is presented as an example of an intelligent Internet agent that gathers financial information. The challenges involved in the development of the EDGAR agent are analyzed, providing insight into the practical aspects of agent technology designed for a specific business domain. A test of the agent is presented, with comments and suggestions from financial practitioners that will be integrated into the research stream.

Economic models are found efficient in managing heterogeneous computer resources such as storage, CPU and memory for grid computing. Commodity market, double auction and contract-net-protocol economic models have been widely discussed in the literature. These models are suitable for sharing distributed computer resources that belong to different owners. Agent technology can be used to manage these heterogeneous resources without human intervention, since agents are autonomous and intelligent in behavior. In this paper, we develop and simulate an agent-oriented double auction economic model. We compare the performance of our agent-oriented model with traditional double auction model, and show that the agent-oriented model is good in maximizing profit for providers.

Successful recombination in the simple GA requires that interdependent genes be close to each other on the genome. Several methods have been proposed to reorder genes on the genome when the given ordering is unfavorable. The Messy GA (MGA) is one such 'moving-locus' scheme. However, gene reordering is only part of the Messy picture. The MGA uses another mechanism that is influential in enabling successful recombination. Specifically, the use of partial specification (or variable length genomes) allows the ...

This paper presents MPIAB, an agent based architecture for parallel processing. The architecture is developed to model the functions of standard MPI using Java agents. It remedies the deficiencies that exist in MPI, including the incapability to operate in heterogeneous environments. The architecture also addresses other issues such as effective utilization of system resources by dynamically selecting the least busy computing nodes through the computation of a threshold barrier value. Our proposed agent architecture would integrate the power of Java technology and agents to support efficient communication and synchronization of the nodes over the network for parallel processing.

In the past few years, mobile agent (MA) paradigm has received a great deal of attention. While MAs have generated considerable excitement in the research community, they have not translated into a significant number of real-world applications. One of the main reasons for this is the ...