Theology

We present techniques for fast motion planning by using discrete approximations of generalized V oronoi diagrams, computed with graphics hardware. Approaches based on this diagram computation are applicable to both static and dynamic environments of fairly high complexity. We compute a discrete Voronoi diagram by rendering a three-dimensional distance mesh for each Voronoi site. The sites can be p oints, line segments, polygons, polyhedra, curves and surfaces. The computation of the generalized V oronoi diagram provides fast proximity query toolkits for motion planning. The tools provide the distance to the nearest obstacle stored in the Z-bu er, as well as the Voronoi boundaries, Voronoi vertices and weighted V oronoi graphs extracted f r om the frame bu er using continuation methods. We have implemented these algorithms and demonstrated their performance for path planning in a complex dynamic environment composed o f m o r e than 140,000 polygons.

Il Decre t o U nitati s r edi nt egratio nel su o conte st o st ori co-te ol ogi co * PETAR VRANKIĆ / AUGSBURG Introduzione Nell'introduzione al Decreto Unitatis redintegratio si legge: Il ristabilimento dell'unità da promuoversi fra tutti i cristiani è uno dei principali intenti del sacro sinodo ecumenico Vaticano II 1 . La divisione contraddice apertamente alla volontà di Cristo, ed è di scandalo al mondo e danneggia la santissima causa della predicazione del vangelo a ogni creatura 2 .

In this second paper on the election of the bishops in Herzegovina at the time of Austro-Hungarian rule (1878-1918), which in some ways follows the topic discussed in the first paper, shows a very tense and resistant struggle over the election of the second bishop in Herzegovina at the time of Austro-Hungarian rule, Fr Alojzije Misic. After a brief overview of the historical-legal context of the Catholic Church in Herzegovina at the time of Austro-Hungarian rule, the first chapter covers the situation of finding a new bishop cum iure successionis, (a coadjutor bishop with the right of succession) to assist the elderly bishop Buconjic in Mostar. The interested parties in a very close competition were: the National Government in Sarajevo, the Joint Ministry of Finance in Vienna, Archbishop Josip Stadler as the Metropolitan Bishop of Vrhbosna, Bishop Buconjic in Mostar, the Provincial of Bosna Srebrena (Bosnia Argentina) - Fr Alojzije Misic and the Provincial of the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina - Luka Begic as well as the Holy See in Rome (Vatican). This competition, which turned into a real struggle, including even the disparaging of opponents in BiH, Vienna and Rome, lasted from the end of January to the beginning of December 1910. As the Holy See in Rome was not convinced of the suitability of the only candidate who was supported by the National Government in Sarajevo - Provincial Misic, his appointment was suspended until the Bishop Buconjic's death on December 8, 1910.
The Bishop Buconjic's death was followed by the second round of the competition, described in the third chapter of this paper, in which, apart from the old ones, some new actors and candidates took part. First of all, Archbishop Stadler appeared as a metropolitan and appointed temporary administrators in spiritualibus (in spiritual matters) and in materialibus (in the material goods) of the diocese of Mostar-Duvno. This ensured the minimum functioning of dioceses. After that he sent the candidate list to the National Government, as well as to the Holy See. Stadler's list of candidates could not be accepted by the government because he had, for years, publicly criticized the government and their actions against him, his institutions, the priests and the Catholic Church in BiH in general. In Rome, Stadler's candidates were looked at with certain understanding and sympathy, especially the auxiliary bishop Dr. Ivan Saric. But the National Government confidently supported its candidate, the Bosnian Provincial Misic, not only as a suitable man of the Church, but also as a man of their trust, and a house friend of government officials they liked to advise with. Therefore, the Government offered some ridiculous and non-objective arguments when it came to the candidates who it did not favour or who were not the right competition for Misic. Among the candidates was Fr. Frano Lulic from Makarska, who was strongly supported by Rome and Bishop Buconjic. Being a Dalmatian, he was presented as inappropriate because he could not understand the mentality of the people in Herzegovina, although he was born in a place three times closer to Herzegovina than the Provincial Misic's birthplace. This is how the Government's policy manifested as merum absurdum in se!
Freshness in hard-bargaining talks, based on the political and personal beliefs, was brought by the President of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Parliament, Dr. Nikola Mandic, who was not convinced enough of the suitability of Provincial Misic and demanded the appointment of one of the Herzegovinian Franciscans, an idea accepted even by the Ministry in Vienna. Although the Government of Sarajevo tried not to contradict the Ministry in Vienna and partially accepted its proposals, it remained deeply convinced of the correctness of its position: Provincial Misic was the only suitable candidate. Since the National Government believed that Misic was the only suitable candidate for the bishop in Mostar, at the same time, the Holy See, by the beginning of February 1912, considered Misic as highly unsuitable for this position. With the news that candidate Lulic was seriously ill, and when the dispute over the bishop's appointment in Mostar could lead to political tension between Vienna and the Holy See, the Holy See's State Secretariat and Pope Pius X himself decided to accept Fr. Alojzije Misic's candidacy in early February 1912, thus paving the way for his appointment as Bishop of Mostar.
This research is based on archival sources. The ambiguity, sometimes real contradictions with the names of the candidates, the course of negotiations and absence of commendable words about the Franciscan Friars, were found in the Chronicles of the Diocese and the Autobiography, written post factum by Bishop Misic, preserved in the Diocese Ordinary Archives in Mostar.

Duke Stjepan Hercegovic Kosaca (1456? - 1517), the youngest
and most certainly the most beloved son of Herzog
Stjepan Vukcic Kosaca, although later becoming as
Ahmed Pasha Hercegovic a distinguished and successful
Ottoman administrator, minister, land and sea commander,
a statesman and a poet, has remained a partially controversial
figure in South Slavic, South European and Turkish
historical reviews. Even today it is not easy to depict
his way of life. Historians disagree on the origin and the
name of his mother, his year of birth, his sending or departure
to the court of the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror,
clash with his half-brother, Duke Vlatko, succeeding or
failing to take over the inheritance of his father Stjepan
and his mother, Barbara, preserved in Dubrovnik, the names
of his children, as well as some disputable places or
duties from his forty-year Ottoman life path to his unreasoned
death in 1517.
In this article, the author puts more light into almost all
controversial issues by using primarily, presently available,
published and unpublished sources and bibliography
in the archives and libraries of Dubrovnik, Venice, Milan,
Florence, Rimini, Sarajevo and Istanbul. At the end of his
paper, the author depicts Ahmed Pasha Hercegovic as the
center of confronting spheres of the ruling global-Ottoman
class with the perspectives and desires of the globally-
losing and oppressed masses of South-European and
Asian peoples, and recommends further study of the role,
contribution and faults of Stjepan/Ahmed Hercegovic in
the global historical and political context of his time.

Election and nomination of bishops in the Catholic Church has always been a very complex and politically sensitive issue. With the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1878 and the introduction of new legal, economic and administrative regulations, Austria-Hungary established new relations between the state and religious communities in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Convention with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople of 28 March 1880 regulated the relations with the Orthodox Church in Bosnia-Herzegovina. After two years of very intensive negotiations between Vienna and the Holy See a similar solution was reached for the Catholic Church in Bosnia-Herzegovina. On 8 June 1881, the Convention between the Holy See and Austria-Hungary was signed in Rome, a document regulating the state-church relations in the Catholic Church in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In two other similar treaties, Austria-Hungary regulated the relations of the state with the Muslim and Jewish communities in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Conventions between Austria-Hungary and the supreme representatives of religious communities in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as the contracts with other religious communities in different countries of the Monarchy, presented a kind of international agreement of political, legal and religious character and were an important feature of the legacy of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
The Convention between the Holy See and Austria-Hungary brought along many political and canonical changes in comparison to four-century long Ottoman occupation and strong Islamic oppression symbolized in the Ahd-nama of Milodraz from 1463 as well as the rule of missionary canonical law, which was in force in Bosnia-Herzegovina until 1878 or 1881. The privilege of appointing Catholic bishops obviously deserved a special place in the Convention. The privilege of election and nomination of bishops in Bosnia-Herzegovina, according to the spirit of the Convention of 8 June 1881, was courtesy of Pope Leo XIII to "His Majesty" Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Croatia-Hungary: Il Santo Padre.... concede alla stessa Maestà Sua il privilegio di nomina dell'Arcivescovo e dei Vescovi nella Bosnia e nell'Erzegovina.

This short paper presents the concrete rule of state law and canonical law in the process of the election and appointment of the first bishop in Herzegovina, Pascal Buconjic OFM. In his triple function of an Apostolic Vicar in Herzegovina, a Bishop of Mostar-Duvno and finally an Apostolic Administrator of Trebinje-Mrkan, which he held successively, the state-church character of the reception and the realization of the Convention in Herzegovina were most clearly manifested. Buconjic, pleno sensu, a church man and a monk, thanks to his reputation and skill, enjoyed the position of trust with the State Government (Landesregierung) in Sarajevo, the Common Ministry of Finance in Vienna and the Emperor himself. Consequently, Buconjic as a bishop realized almost all his plans with the State, and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy considered him as an excellent partner to promote its ecclesiastic and state plans with the Catholic Church in Herzegovina.
The author does not discuss, on purpose, the human, spiritual, religious, sacerdotal, pastoral and Episcopal characteristics of Bishop Pascal Buconjic, especially not his relation to the diocesan clergy and is happy to leave this task to other observers and investigators. He focuses on the interesting and successful profile of a Herzegovinian Franciscan Buconjic, which very quickly sets him apart from the nostalgic times of Franciscan exclusivism, based on privileges of the Ahd-nama of Milodraz but maintains all privileges of the Holy See (monumenta, privilegia et iura specialia franciscana) and other privileges of the Padişah in Istanbul that laid the foundations for a new and stronger exclusivism of future Franciscanism in Herzegovina. It is a contradiction that the Convention between Holy See and Austria-Hungary, which had so greatly promoted the Franciscanism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was so strongly denigrated by Franciscan historiography in this country.

Starting with the history of the Catholic Church in late antiquity in the
territories of present day Albania and Kosove, Prof. Vrankic illustrates
the most salient historical moments of the local church. The dioceses of
Tivar, Shkup, Shkodra and Durres were the outposts of Catholicism in
Albania (16 - 19th centuries) After the fall of Bysanzium the Ottoman
empire started expanding constantly thus threatening Albanian Roman
Catholics. Under the new circumstance which changed radically only in
1912, the Roman Catholic Church in Albania had to react promptly in
order to prevent the expansion of Islam and enhance Catholicism in this
part of the Balkans.
In fact, in the second part of his essay Prof. Vrankic focuses on three
Synods held in Albania, namely that of 1703, 1871, and 1875 and analyses specific aspects of each one of them.

Giovanni Paolo II dedicò due importanti documenti ai santi apostoli degli Slavi: la lettera apostolica Egregiae virtutis del 31 dicembre 1980 e l'enciclica Slavorum Apostoli (=SA). Per poter comprendere la portata storica, ecclesiologica ed ecumenica di questa enciclica, va tenuto presente che i due documenti costituiscono una unità.

The study of the current historical books has revealed that the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens is the most ancient university in Southeastern Europe. As a matter of fact, the institution of the first academic center in Southeastern Europe, the General Studium in the Dominican convent of Zadar, Croatia was founded on the 14th June 1396 but remained largely ignored until the end of ’900. In the article “Philosophical-theological study of the Dominicans in Zadar” (1396-1806) published in the Rivista Zaretina in 1987, Stefano Krasic’, professor of the Pontifical Angelicum University, made a remarkable
historical discovery. The relevance of such a discovery has been considerable not only to the city of Zadar, the Dominican Order, Dalmatia, Croatia, Hungary, Venice but also to the whole Southeastern Europe. The goal of the author is to briefly point out the content of this historical finding as well as its significance within the academic context in the late
middle Ages and early Renaissance.