Medieval Croatian History

Buvina's door are a unique testimony of Croatian art of the developed Middle Age and are one of five works from existing 26 from that time in Dalmatia (including panel paintings) that have been comprehensively researched in terms of history, technique, and conservation-restoration. The research project on the door took place simultaneously with the conservation-restoration work within the program of the Croatian Conservation Institute. To varying extents, it covered the corpus of all nine preserved works in Split, with links to panel paintings in Zadar, Šibenik, Trogir, Hvar and Dubrovnik. It started in 2014, when the document marked the 800th anniversary of the creation of the doors (1214) and ended in 2018 with a conclusion in the form of a multidisciplinary conference and exhibition. It continues, encompassing the last phase of technical research on the choir stalls of the Split Cathedral dated around 1260, which are from 2021 also the program of the Croatian Conservation Institute and, in parallel, the remaining works of panel paintings in Dalmatia, on which the author collaborates with a whole range of experts of various profiles. The results are successively presented to the professional public with the aim of creating a comprehensive study of the works of the Romanesque style in Split and its contextualization within the framework of European art.

Predromanička i ranoromanička crkvena plastika iz Biograda nastala je u vrijeme kada je taj grad tijekom ranoga srednjeg vijeka bio važno središte ranosrednjovjekovne hrvatske države na Jadranu. O njegovoj važnosti dovoljno govore i činjenice da je bio centar starohrvatske županije Sidrage te da je u njemu 1102. godine za hrvatskoga kralja okrunjen ugarski kralj Koloman. Međutim, „zlatno doba'“ Biograda nije dugo potrajalo jer su ga već 1125. godine Mlečani osvojiti i u potpunosti razrušiti, pa više nikad neće doseći važnost koju je imao tijekom druge polovine 11. i prve četvrtine 12. stoljeća. Naime, organizirani razvitak Biograda posebno se veže uz hrvatskog kralja Petra Krešimira IV. (1058.-1074.) koji je u gradu krajem pedesetih i tijekom šezdesetih godina 11. stoljeća utemeljio i bogato obdario dva benediktinska samostana – muški Sv. Ivana Evanđelista (kasnije samostan Sv. Kuzme i Damjana na brdu Čokovcu kod Tkona na otoku Pašmanu) i ženski Sv. Tome. Arheološkim istraživanjima na prostoru grada otkriveni su ostaci obiju samostanskih bazilika, kao i biogradske katedrale koja se nalazila na položaju Glavica, istočno od današnje župne crkve Sv. Anastazije. Ostatci biogradske ranosrednjovjekovne skulpture, kao i nekoliko ulomaka romaničke kamene plastike, dominantno su povezani s navedenim trima građevinama, kao i s vremenom u kojem je Biograd doživio vrhunac svoje važnosti u nacionalnoj povijesti. Bez obzira što o toj skulpturi nije puno pisano, te unatoč svim problemima s kojima se suočava bilo koji istraživač koji se tom tematikom bavi (nedostatak pravilnoga dokumentiranja; manjak podataka o vremenu i mjestu pronalaska; disperziranost pronalazaka po gradu, njegovu zaleđu i obližnjim otocima; uništenje u kasnijim razaranjima grada…), uočljiva stilska i ikonografska raznovrsnost skulpture ujedno predstavlja i pravi izazov pri pokušaju njezina stilsko-morfološkoga vrednovanja. Upravo će to i biti cilj ovoga izlaganja, kako bi se u nedostatku većeg broja pisanih vrela, navedeni materijalni izvori što bolje iskoristili u rasvjetljavanju svih aspekata povijesnog, kulturnog i društvenog razvoja Biograda tijekom ranoga i na početku razvijenoga srednjeg vijeka.

Hrvatsko grboslovno i zastavoslovno društvo osnovano je 2006. godine. HGZD je član The Croatian Heraldic & Vexillological Association was established in 2006. HGZD is a member of Fédération internationale des associations vexillologiques Confédération internationale de généalogie et d'heraldique

GORAN CVJETINOVIĆ I NELLA LONZA SAŽETAK: Analizom kaznenih postupaka u 18. stoljeću (1711/20, 1751/60. i 1791/1800) ispitano je koliko često tuženik ustaje tužbom protiv tužitelja, kod kojih se djela takve kombinacije javljaju te kojom se dinamikom podnose. Istraži vanje je iznijelo na vidjelo da su optuženici instrument protutužbe često ra bili radi iznošenja obrane, jer im dubrovački kazneni postupak to pravo još nije jamčio. Ranije iskustvo pred sudom itekako je utjecalo na podnošenje protutužbi, odnosno, okorjeli prekršitelji najvještije su koristili taj pravni instrument.

U radu se raščlanjuju dvije prisege i naputak, pravni izvori koji su uređivali djelovanje mletačkog kneza na čelu srednjovjekovnog Dubrovnika. Posebno se detaljno analizira i u prilogu objavljuje dosada u hrvatskoj historiografiji neobrađivani tekst kneževe prisege duždu, koji vrvi obavijestima o mletačkoj upravi nad Dubrovnikom u 13. i prvoj polovici 14. stoljeća. Utvrđuju se veze između spomenutih vrela i njihovo značenje za dubrovački pravni poredak te ispituje njihova povezanost s tada popularnom literaturom o odlikama "dobre vlade".

Temeljem analize spisa Kaznenog suda te usporedbe s rezultatima istraaeivanja za druga europska podruËja, razmatraju se druπtveni, antropoloπki i pravni aspekti zloËina Ëedomorstva u DubrovaËkoj Republici (1667-1808). Rekonstruira se mreaea socijalnog nadzora nad Êudoreem i reakcija druπtvene grupe (obitelji, bratovπtine, sela, itd.) na izvanbraËnu trud-noÊu i Ëedomorstvo. Analiziraju se specifiËnosti kaznenog procesa (osobito dokaznog postupka), ishod postupka i penalna politika. Sudske dokumente o dubrovaËkim Ëedomorstvima od velikoga potresa do pada Republike obradio je Nenad VekariÊ u sklopu veÊe studije o ubojstvima meu srodnicima. 1 Njegov izbor grae, analiza kvantitativnih pokazatelja i razmatranje druπtvenih okvira bili su polaziπtem i ovoga rada. 2 Cilj

NELLA LONZA SAAEETAK: Razmatraju se znaËajke izbornog postupka DubrovaËke Republike u razvitku od srednjega vijeka do posljednjih reformi potkraj XVIII. stoljeÊa. Analizira se njegov tijek, od izbornih priprema preko kandidacijskog postupka do naËina glasovanja i utvrivanja rezultata, kao i mjere koje πtite pravilnost izbora. DubrovaËkome se sustavu traaee srodni modeli i uzori, te ukazuje na Ëinjenicu da je, unatoË gotovo istovjetnom izbornom postupku, mletaËka izborna stvarnost bila bitno razliËita od dubrovaËke. Vaaenost poznavanja izbornog sustava za razmatranje draeavnog ustroja i ustavne prakse toliko je samorazumljiva da je nije potrebno obrazlagati. U onoj pak draeavi koja -poput DubrovaËke Republike -vlast povjerava nakratko, iz bojazni da se oni kojima je sluaeiti draeavi ne prometnu u silnike, izbori su znaËajan i Ëest Ëin ustavnog i politiËkog aeivota. Ovome je ogledu svrha rekonstruirati i protumaËiti izborne modele onako kako su se oni povijesno pojavljivali i nestajali, te pruaeiti neke naznake o njihovoj primjeni u praksi. Raznorodna su vrela za prouËavanje dubrovaËkog izbornog sustava. Una-Nella Lonza, znanstveni je suradnik Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Dubrovniku. Adresa: Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Dubrovniku, Lapadska obala 6, 20000 Dubrovnik.

Književni petak, najdugovječnija zagrebačka javna tribina posvećena književnim, umjetničkim, historiografskim i društveno-filozofskim temama, predstavlja intrigantno premda nedovoljno istraženo poglavlje hrvatske kulturne povijesti druge polovine 20. i početka 21. stoljeća. Istražujući njezinu unutarnju (tematsku), ali i izvanjsku (kontekstualnu) dimenziju, građenu u posljednjim godinama (pred)televizijske kulture i razvijanu u vrijeme procvata različitih vrsta popularnih, svakodnevnih i potrošačkih praksi, otkrivamo tribinu kao sredstvo usmene (samo)reprezentacije književnika i pisane riječi, koja u istraživačkom smislu donosi izvoran uvid u oblike, navike i iskustvo „konzumacije“ književnosti. Drugim riječima, tribina je znak ukusa, rafinmana, kulturnih interesa pojedinca i zajednice, ali i odraz kulturnopolitičkih, nacionalnih i ideoloških konstelacija u određenome povijesnom trenutku. Kao „posrednička institucija“ između izlagača i publike, manifestacija petkom označava zanimljivu točku u okviru proučavanja hrvatske i jugoslavenske kulturne i intelektualne scene, pa je cilj ove monografije istaknuti njezine posebnosti i konvencije, povijesne preobrazbe i najznačajnije goste i sugovornike.

The Ottoman invasion and the establishment of centuries-long rule in the territory of the former Bosnian Kingdom and surrounding area changed the confessional structure of the population with longterm consequences. The relations established in the confessionally divided and inequitable Ottoman society, which deprived Catholics
of their places of worship, legally banned the building of new churches. The maintenance of the remaining churches, and of the Franciscan monasteries, required a lot of effort and financial expenditure.
This state was reflected in the symbolically small number of churches that remained by the close of the 17th century. Under pressure from modernisation processes, although they were late coming to the Ottoman Empire, only in middle of the 19th century was the construction of a few churches permitted in the area of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In the areas where they survived, the mining centres excluded, Catholics lived in poverty, mainly in rural areas, but without owning the land they cultivated and the houses in which they lived. Often exposed to harassment, they were forced to hold mass celebrations in the open, in cemeteries, forests, often in secret.
In addition to the mass places, often hidden from the eyes of the Turks, some of these gathering places were on mountain peaks and at springs. They often reveal traces of remnants of a pre-Christian, Slavic worldview.

Las tortas que se venden en Mercado Centenario
de Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, en el local
ubicado a la izquierda de la puerta oriente,
entrando por ésta, tienen ya casi un siglo de
tradición. Las inventó el señor Hermenegildo
Martín del Campo Franco, que nació el año de
1900. Estas tortas se conocen como “Tortas Don
Meregildo”, en honor a su creador.
La comida es parte inherente de la cultura
de un pueblo, la combinación de sabores, texturas
y colores son una representación simbólica
de la identidad compartida de una sociedad,
que se van tejiendo a la par que su historia.
Las manifestaciones culinarias se entrelazan
con los momentos históricos, como todas las
expresiones socioculturales, la gastronomía
se transforma y se adapta para responder a las
necesidades y gustos de los habitantes en determinado
espacio y tiempo, y sus transformación en lo que han variado es en que los chiles jalapeños ahora son
enlatados por marcas industriales, pero los demás ingredientes
siguen siendo de producción local e incluso artesanal, como el
pan, la crema y las zanahorias y cebollitas encurtidas.

This overview of the history of urbanism in Serbia reveals the sustained and growing role of women architects in urban planning, design, and research from 1900 to 2015. Initially engaged in municipal projects, women assumed leading positions in the post-war reconstruction, socialist modernist planning, and expansion of Belgrade and other cities. By the 1960s and 1970s, they had become an indispensable creative force in major planning institutes and professional networks, and from the 1980s onwards, their presence in academia, research, and professional associations surpassed that of their male colleagues. Neoliberal transitions in the 1990s and 2000s redirected their activities toward non-governmental and supranational organisations, critical urban practices, as well as international consultancies and the academic diaspora. This long-term perspective emphasises both the institutionalisation and diversification of women's contributions to urban development, offering new insights into gender, professional, cultural and urban transformation in Serbia and the broader socialist and post-socialist context.

Znanstveni simpozij u organizaciji Benediktinskog samostana Ćokovac, Odsjeka za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Društva za povjesnicu Zadarske nadbiskupije-Zmajević Programska knjižica sa sažecima izlaganja Biograd na Moru, Gradska vijećnica Tkon, Intepretacijski centar pomorske baštine 26. i 27. rujna 2025.

Rad se bavi Vladimirom Nazorom kao dalmatinskim piscem na temelju njegovih pripovijetki iz Bračkoga ciklusa. Pripovijetke su to s tematikom otoka Brača. Ciklus se sastoji od 37 priča objavljenih u tri zbirke, a nastao je u razmaku od dvadeset pet godina. Brački ciklus sastoji se od dva dijela. Prvi dio ciklusa predstavlja autobiografsku lirsku prozu, te prozne lirske zapise i poetski realizam (Mihanović, 1999: 41). Drugi dio ciklusa nastao je tek nakon Drugog svjetskoga rata i zanimljivo je autorovo vraćanje temi djetinjstva koja tek naizgled nema veze sa socijalnom tematikom. Pripovijetke u Bračkom ciklusu predstavljaju memoarsku prozu. Nazorove priče iz djetinjstva na Braču daju vrlo vjernu i raznovrsnu sliku života na dalmatinskim otocima krajem 19. stoljeća pa se može se zaključiti de je Nazor zaista dalmatinski pisac. Nazor je dalmatinski pisac ne samo zbog sadržaja, već i zbog jezika. Doduše, samo u jednoj pripovijetki ("Voda") ima mnogo lokalizama u dijalozima. Inače likovi se uglavnom služe standardnim jezikom. Lokalni oblici i riječi pojavljuju se samo sporadično, ali pridonose lokalnom koloritu. Nazorova štokavština, kako sam kaže, odiše čakavskom dušom. Nazorove pripovijetke iz Dalmacije, kao svjedočanstvo o mediteranskoj kulturi u ne tako davnoj prošlosti, trebale bi biti pristupačne i inozemnoj publici u prijevodima na strane jezike.

Sažetak Rad se bavi Vladimirom Nazorom kao dalmatinskim piscem na temelju njegovih pripovijetki iz Bračkoga ciklusa. Pripovijetke su to s tematikom otoka Brača. Ciklus se sastoji od 37 priča objavljenih u tri zbirke, a nastao je u razmaku od dvadeset pet godina. Brački ciklus sastoji se od dva dijela. Prvi dio ciklusa predstavlja autobiografsku lirsku prozu, te prozne lirske zapise i poetski realizam (Mihanović, 1999: 41). Drugi dio ciklusa nastao je tek nakon Drugog svjetskoga rata i zanimljivo je autorovo vraćanje temi djetinjstva koja tek naizgled nema veze sa socijalnom tematikom. Pripovijetke u Bračkom ciklusu predstavljaju memoarsku prozu. Nazorove priče iz djetinjstva na Braču daju vrlo vjernu i raznovrsnu sliku života na dalmatinskim otocima krajem 19. stoljeća pa se može se zaključiti de je Nazor zaista dalmatinski pisac. Nazor je dalmatinski pisac ne samo zbog sadržaja, već i zbog jezika. Doduše, samo u jednoj pripovijetki (“Voda“) ima mnogo lokalizama u dijalozima. Inače ...

The instructions of the first apostolic visitors in the eastern Adriatic coast in the 1570s, Giovanni Francesco Sormano and Agostino Valier, in addition to correcting the ecclesiastical discipline and defending clerical independence from the lay authorities, focused on the arrangement of the liturgical space in concordance with the general post-Tridentine practice. The disclosure of the presbyterial area, surprisingly enough, was not elaborated either in the Council's canons and decrees or in Carlo Borromeo's Instructiones (1577) or even in Constitutiones (1542) by Gian Matteo Giberti who conceived the ingenious solution of the tornacoro in the cathedral of Verona 1 . 1 The absence of references to screens in texts of the Tridentine background was underlined by Marcia Hall, "Another Look at the Rood Screen in the Italian Renaissance", Journal of the Society for Sacred Architecture, n o 27 (2015), 11-19, here 15-16. In addition to a series of seminal studies on choir screens (including their removal) in S.

Апстракт: Аутори рада имају за циљ да познате податке из писаних извора о средњовјековном граду Прилепу, за који поуздано знамо да се налазио у дринској жупи Бистрици, ставе у одговарајући историјски контекст. На тај начин проучавању овог града се до сада није приступало. Поред тога, с обзиром на подударност у топонимији, настојаћемо да кроз компарацију топономастичког материјала у Горњем Подрињу и оног из шире околине Новог Брда укажемо на евентуалну везу у средњовјековном историјском развоју ова два релативно међусобно удаљена краја.

per il 'Maestro dei Mesi di Ferrara' Ilaria Bichi Ruspoli Ascanio Covatti, virtuoso scalpellino cortonese nella Siena di primo Seicento. L'esaltazione del marmo fra identità sfuggenti, sperimentazioni tecniche e interferenze di ruoli Contributi: Anna Maria Riccomini Le raccolte archeologiche torinesi nel diario di Luigi Lanzi (1794): il Museo di Antichità, le collezioni dell'abate Carlo Antonio Pullini e del commendator Modesto Genevosio Enea Abbaticchio Una proposta per Francesco Fanelli: il busto di Ettore Vernazza nella sede del Consiglio Notarile di Genova Bruno Carabellese Il ciclo di affreschi dei Carracci a palazzo Magnani: una possibile fonte per Diego Velázquez durante il suo primo viaggio in Italia Giovanni Morciano Tre proposte per Giusto Fiammingo, alias Joost de Pape, e qualche riflessione per la sua identificazione

ÁGOSTON SALÁNKI. FROM THE QUEEN'S CHANCELLERY TO THE EPISCOPATE OF GYŐR: Ágoston Salánki turned up in the middle of the 15 th century as a chancellery officer and became Győr's bishop. As to his origins, two details can be established: on the one hand, according to Boldizsár Mondschiedel, the Bishop of Zagreb, he was of German descent. On the other hand, his person is neither related to Csanád nor to the village of Salánk in Ugocsa County. He first turned up in the chancellery of Queen Borbála, then earned a legal doctorate in Bologna as the archdeacon of Kolozs County in 1439. Subsequently, he became the secretary, then the vice chancellor of Queen Elisabeth, after whose death he remained one of the main supporters of King László V. In 1445, with the approval of Frederic Roman King who kept the Western edge of the country under occupation, Pope Eugene IV appointed him the Bishop of Győr. Due to the civil war situation in his diocese, his ordination could only take place following the Radkersburg Peace Pact in 1447. A 15. század közepének zűrzavaros, polgárháborús éveiben a politika irányításából természetesen a főpapság is kivette részét. A korszak két emblematikus alakja, Szécsi Dénes és Vitéz János 2 eleddig elhomályosították több, a másodvonalban működő, de mégis az eseményekre számottevő hatással bíró főpap szerepét. Közéjük sorolható Salánki Ágoston is, aki a királynéi kancelláriai hivatalból jutott a győri püspökségig.

The chapter ‘Urban Life on the Water. Concepts, Models and Prototypes for Marine Habitats in Japan 1958-2025’ tackles the historical and urban conditions behind a series of cutting-edge architectural projects and city planning innovations in Japanese coastal cities developed since the 1950s after the resurgence of Japan following the end of the Pacific War.

The paper begins with a survey of the estates of the Serbian despots Stefan Lazarević and Đurađ Branković in various counties of medieval Hungary, and then focuses on compiling an exhaustive inventory of the estates acquired in the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom by the first titular "despot of Rascia", Vuk Grgurević Branković (despot from 1465 until his death in 1485). All sources that mention the despot Vuk's estates have been collected and discussed. It is established that these estates formed two geographical groups: one in the region of Syrmia (Kölpény/Kupinik/Kupinovo, Ireg/Irig and probably Árki/Jarak in Syrmia county, Berekszó/Berkasovo in Vukovo/Valkó county) and another in the central Sava Valley, i.e. in the southern part of the medieval Kingdom of Slavonia (Fejérkő/Bijela Stijena in Križevci/Körös county, Tituševina, Komogovina, Gradusa and Kostajnica in Zagreb county, Dolački in Vrbas county). Also, building on the earlier research by Serbian historians, it is established that there is no continuity between the stock of despots' Hungarian estates before 1459 (Ottoman conquest of the Serbian Despotate) and the estates of despot Vuk Branković, with the exception of Kupinik in Syrmia County. There is also discussion about the inheritors of Vuk's estates, among whom his wife Barbara, from the Croatian aristocratic family of Frankopan, has a prominent place.

The paper discusses previous research on the topography of the Sibinj area in the Middle Ages based on written sources, with an emphasis on the question of which of the known medieval settlements was located on the site of the modern village of Sibinj (in the western vicinity of Slavonski Brod). The author accepts the solution to this question, independently arrived at by Stjepan Pavičić and Pál Engel, according to which in the Middle Ages there was an estate and settlement on the site of Sibinj that bore the Slavic/Croatian name Bršćan (Burstian in a source from 1282) and the Hungarian name Borostyán (Borostian or similar in later medieval sources). The rest of the paper analyses the contents of the three oldest preserved sources for the history of the estate and settlement Bršćan/Borostyán, from 1282, 1332 and 1371. It is not certain that the topographic data from the "papal tithe" accounts from 1332 (castrum cruciferorum in villa Parumtian) refers to this settlement. The charter on the pledge of the estate from 1371 reveals that the owners of the land in Borostyán around that time were members of the noble families Zapoljski (Zapolyai), Drežnički (Dresneki) and Treutel of Nevna.

Riječ je o znanstvenome djelu koje se u širokom vremenskom i tematskom rasponu bavi nastankom, uporabom i simbolikom niza hrvatskih zemaljskih grbova od 13. do početka 17. stoljeća. Obradba teme oslanja se i nadovezuje na recentna monografska djela o povijesti hrvatskog grbovlja, a znanstveni diskurs na metodološka dostignuća suvremene svjetske heraldike. Djelo stoga ima obilježja sinteze dosadašnjih spoznaja, ali – što je još važnije – uključuje i  problematizira respektabilan broj do danas u nacionalnoj historiografiji nepoznatih starijih svjedočanstava o grbovima hrvatskih zemalja i njihovih vladara. U razjašnjavanju brojnih otvorenih pitanja vodilo se računa o razlikama u naravi pojedinih nositelja heraldičkog sadržaja, od kovanog novca i pečata, preko pomorskih karata, putopisa i portulana, crteža, grafika, zidnih oslika i kamenih spomenika, sve do usustavljenih korpusa grbova u specijaliziranom mediju – grbovnicima. Zamišljeni kako kompendij heraldičkog znanja, povijesni su grbovnici istodobno i prvorazredni dokumenti o „slici svijeta“ svojstvenoj njihovim tvorcima i ambijentima u kojima su nastajali. Temu ove knjige čine intrigantnom i aktualnom s jedne strane upravo trajnost davno nastalih heraldičkih motiva, a s druge strane činjenice da su im se značenje i simbolički sadržaj tijekom povijesti mijenjali. Osim na genezu, pozornost dvojice autora usmjerena je stoga i na evoluciju poimanja i „uporabe“ grbova hrvatskih zemalja kao znakova i kao simbola nacionalnog i državnog identiteta, od ranomodernog sve do suvremenog doba. Ukratko, u ovoj knjizi po prvi put se iznose cjelovita i relevantna historiografska i heraldička tumačenja geneze, uporabe i simbolike svih hrvatskih povijesnih grbova i njihovih heraldičkih likova.

Riječ je o znanstvenome djelu koje se u širokom vremenskom i tematskom rasponu bavi nastankom, uporabom i simbolikom niza hrvatskih zemaljskih grbova od 13. do početka 17. stoljeća. Obradba teme oslanja se i nadovezuje na recentna monografska djela o povijesti hrvatskog grbovlja, a znanstveni diskurs na metodološka dostignuća suvremene svjetske heraldike. Djelo stoga ima obilježja sinteze dosadašnjih spoznaja, ali – što je još važnije – uključuje i  problematizira respektabilan broj do danas u nacionalnoj historiografiji nepoznatih starijih svjedočanstava o grbovima hrvatskih zemalja i njihovih vladara. U razjašnjavanju brojnih otvorenih pitanja vodilo se računa o razlikama u naravi pojedinih nositelja heraldičkog sadržaja, od kovanog novca i pečata, preko pomorskih karata, putopisa i portulana, crteža, grafika, zidnih oslika i kamenih spomenika, sve do usustavljenih korpusa grbova u specijaliziranom mediju – grbovnicima. Zamišljeni kako kompendij heraldičkog znanja, povijesni su grbovnici istodobno i prvorazredni dokumenti o „slici svijeta“ svojstvenoj njihovim tvorcima i ambijentima u kojima su nastajali. Temu ove knjige čine intrigantnom i aktualnom s jedne strane upravo trajnost davno nastalih heraldičkih motiva, a s druge strane činjenice da su im se značenje i simbolički sadržaj tijekom povijesti mijenjali. Osim na genezu, pozornost dvojice autora usmjerena je stoga i na evoluciju poimanja i „uporabe“ grbova hrvatskih zemalja kao znakova i kao simbola nacionalnog i državnog identiteta, od ranomodernog sve do suvremenog doba. Ukratko, u ovoj knjizi po prvi put se iznose cjelovita i relevantna historiografska i heraldička tumačenja geneze, uporabe i simbolike svih hrvatskih povijesnih grbova i njihovih heraldičkih likova.

To understand history, it important to employ methods that do not focus primarily on uncovering historical events, but rather on understanding a society’s mentality, culture, and ways of thinking. This research concentrates on ghost stories originating in the early 15th century from the Cistercian monastery in Byland, Yorkshire, with particular attention being paid to the form and transformation of these supernatural beings. These stories contain elements from both theology and folk tradition, ofering insights into the imagination of medieval people.
This research investigates the appearances and shape-shifting abilities of ghosts. Even though extensive study of the sources can only reveal a community’s mentality in a specifc time and place—and even then, only a narrow slice of its imaginative world—the signifcance of such micro-level studies should not be underestimated. They al-low for a better understanding of the manifestations of folk religion, the relationship between Christianity and folklore, and the mindset and concepts of the afterlife held by everyday individuals.

The Ottoman conquest brought major changes to agricultural practices in
newly acquired territories. Rice, previously either absent or minimally cultivated in most parts
of the Balkans, emerged as one of the most important agricultural crops during the Ottoman
period. Drawing on Ottoman archival sources this research traces the establishment and the
development of risiculture as a key agricultural practice in the Niš Basin from the end of 14th
century to the late 16th century. The study highlights reforms implemented by the Ottoman
state in the 1520s and 1530s in rice production in the Sanjaks of Smederevo and Kruševac,
emphasizing their crucial role in increasing agricultural production in the Niš region during
the second half of the 16th century. These measures were closely tied to military supply needs
during campaigns, while also supporting the administration and population in newly conquered territories across the Balkans and Central Europe. Waqfs also played a very important
role in rice production within the Niš region. These charitable institutions expanded rice fields
during the 16th century, took control of water resources and labor, and thus reshaped the economic and social dynamics of the Niš area. This paper also explores the environmental impact
of rice cultivation in the Niš Valley. It argues that the construction of dams, canals, and irrigation systems, along with deforestation and the reclamation of wastelands, not only altered
the courses of rivers such as the Nišava and South Morava but also significantly affected the
populations of surrounding villages and the city of Niš. Particular emphasis is placed on the
climatic changes during the “Little Ice Age”, which played a complex role in the region’s rice
cultivation. On the one hand, increased rainfall and humidity created favorable conditions for
rice cultivation, supporting state-led reforms and expanding paddy fields. On the other hand,
the period also brought extreme weather events, such as harsh winters and frequent flooding,
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which damaged the infrastructure necessary for cultivation. Of particular interest is a government
order from 1572 which highlights the severity of these issues, documenting the destruction
of dams by harsh winters and spring floods in the Niš region, which disrupted agricultural
activities and caused financial losses to the state. This decree underlines the state’s awareness
of the fragility of rice cultivation infrastructure in the face of extreme weather conditions. It
also underlines the essential role of local communities-particularly the Bendeciyan – who were
responsible for the construction, maintenance, and repair of dams, and who played a vital role
in the Ottoman authorities’ efforts to mitigate these challenges.

The article presents a revised dating of a major late medieval inquisition of heresy, challenging the dating of the records established since the 1880s. The inquisitor Petrus Zwicker's proceedings against Brandenburgian and Pomeranian Waldensians in Stettin did not take place between November 1392 and March 1394, with an 11-month pause between March 1393 and February 1394, as has been the scholarly consensus up till now. Instead, the prosecution was a continuous process that started in November 1393 and lasted till late March 1394. The article discusses the problems of the established dating that is based on now-outdated information about the inquisitor's itinerary and an ambiguous 15th-century commentary on the register volume. The internal evidence of the register, such as the way different deponents refer to the same events, strongly points towards an uninterrupted process. The revised timeline for the inquisitions solves several contradictions in interpreting the records and proposes new lines of inquiry. A novel reconstruction of the last Waldensian minister's visit to Stettin and surroundings is provided in the last section of the article. In general, the article addresses the constant need to re-evaluate established interpretations of premodern sources, including those uncontested in the scholarship.

Autor u radu analizira prostor grada Vukovara na temelju prvih modernih planova Vukovara s kraja 17. stoljeća koje su izradili vojni inženjeri habsburške vojske nakon oslobođenja od osmanske vlasti te prvog modernog plana Vukovara iz 1733. godine napravljenog u civilne svrhe. Usto, koristi se sačuvanom popratnom dokumentacijom karata i arhivskom građom Vukovarskog vlastelinstva kako bi se dobila što objektivnija slika prostora. Usredotočuje se na granični položaj Vukovara, ruralni prostor i općenito povijest krajolika vukovarske okolice, koji su, za razliku od urbanog dijela Vukovara, manje istraživani. * Ključne riječi: Vukovar, Vukovarsko vlastelinstvo, 18. stoljeće, kartografski prikazi, pograničje, ruralna okolica Na istočnom rubu Slavonije i zapadnom Srijema, kao krajnji i početni, gradski prostor Vukovara kroz 18. stoljeće postupno postaje istinska poveznica ovih povijesno-geografskih cjelina nakon razdoblja osmanske vlasti u kojem je, geografski rečeno, nodalno-funkcionalno sputan granicom na rijeci Vuki kao upravno-teritorijalnoj razdjelnici Požeškog i Srijemskog sandžaka. 1 Kako je, dakle, krajem toga, osmanskog razdoblja Vuka već ustaljena administrativna granica, pa samim tim i svojevrsna spomenuta razdjelnica, 2 ona će to, krajem 17. stoljeća, pod novom habsburškom vlašću i njezinom administrativnom preuređivanju, povijesnom tromošću zakratko i ostati, razgraničavajući osječki i vukovarski komorski okrug (distrikt). Česta mijenjanja lokalnih granica na širem vukovarskom području početkom 18. stoljeća nisu rezultat samo odluka i potreba viših civilnih (komorskih) vlasti, već i oporavka te jačanja * Rad je nastao u sklopu istraživačkog projekta "S(c)lavoni(j)a: ime, opseg i granični položaj u srednjem i ranom novom vijeku" (IP 2020-02-3333). Projekt financira Hrvatska zaklada za znanost. 1 Nenad Moačanin, Slavonija i Srijem u razdoblju osmanske vladavine (Slavonski Brod, 2001), 187. 2 O pojmu i fenomenu granica: Pjero Zanini, Značenja granice -Prirodna, istorijska i duhovna određenja, prev. Slavica Slatinac (Beograd, 2002).

Iz kustoske prakse u Povijesnom odjelu Muzeja Slavonije ni sami ne znamo koliko je puta 18. svezak Narodne starine, do digitalizacije i svedostupnosti ove stare serijske publikacije, izdan učenicima, studentima i drugima za pisanje kojekakvih radova o turskom razdoblju Osijeka, njegovim mostovima, značenju prometnog položaja kroz povijest i sličnom, sve zahvaljujući radu »Stari osječki most« Josipa Matasovića 1 u spomenutom svesku starom više od 80 godina. Nesumnjivo je kako ustrajni interes za turski most ili Sulejmanov most, predmet Matasovićeva zanimanja, ostaje -uz antičku Mursunajčešća tema iz lokalne povijesti Osijeka, ponajviše zahvaljujući tom davnom interesu. Stoga, taj rad, kao jedan od najznačajnijih priloga toj povijesti, zaslužuje kraći osvrt. Posebnost i važnost geografskog, topografskog, strateškog i prometnog smještaja Osijeka kao preduvjeta njegovog razvoja kroz povijest, sublimirani su u grbu Grada na kojem se nalazi heraldički prikaz mosta s tri luka i kulom sv. Barbare ispod kojeg protječe rijeka. Dakle, utvrđeno mjesto s dobrim prijelazom preko rijeke. Tko je i kada napravio grb i dodijelio ga gradu nije poznato, znamo tek iz Povelje austrijskog cara Franje I. kojom je 1809.

The paper examines the Statute of Trogir as a source to explore the interplay of power and consensus in a medieval commune. The first Statute, drafted in the mid-13th century, marked the disappearance of episcopal authority from secular governance and served as a constitutive act of the commune as a corporate body. During the 1290s, the Statute underwent its first significant revisions, prompted by social tensions and demographic growth, which culminated in the expansion of the Great Council from twenty to eighty members and the introduction of new procedures modeled on Italian communal practice. The 1322 Statute, produced after Trogir’s submission to Venice, replaced the earlier provisions on the podestà with regulations concerning the Venetian count. By formally adopting these externally imposed norms, the city’s nobility presented them as their own legislative act, thereby safeguarding both their political identity and their decision-making prerogatives. Under Angevin rule after 1357, the close alignment between royal authority and the urban nobility was cemented through the closure of the Great Council and the introduction of hereditary membership, which formally enshrined the oligarchic order long dominant in Trogir. However, these changes were introduced without any deeper revision of the Statute, which continued to preserve obsolete provisions as a means of defending the city’s political identity, expressed above all in the right to make decisions independently. After the re-establishment of Venetian rule in 1420, the Statute was submitted to Venice for confirmation, a practice that simultaneously acknowledged Trogir’s communal identity, while underscoring its subordination, as the nobility’s political role dwindled to a largely ceremonial one.

The Cathedral of Segovia is the last Gothic cathedral built in Spain, whose works were developed during the 16th century (1525-1577). It is one of the most special Hispanic buildings whose history is determined by the replacement of a primitive Romanesque building, which was transformed at the end of the Middle Ages, by the new Gothic cathedral, to which part of the contents of the old temple was moved.
In addition, two patrons of remarkable importance intervened in the reforms executed in the original building during the second half of the 15th century: king Henry IV (1454-1474) and bishop Juan Arias Dávila (1461-1497), highlighting the role of both in the construction of the choir stalls.

Present article concentrates on the acquisition of Russian relative pronouns. Said pronouns are late to appear if compared to other deictic words. Children start using them at the age of about 3 years. The most widely used are constructions, in which the relative part is connected to the noun or adjective or to the demonstrative pronoun. Children seldom make errors, but there are several differences from the adult language.

This research paper explores the historical trajectory of the Topolovac estate, located southeast of Sisak, from its earliest mentions in medieval sources to its modern-day status. It presents a comprehensive synthesis of scattered historical data, offering new insights into noble land ownership, economic structures, and spatial transformations. The estate's origins are linked to the Hungarian noble family Töttös de Bátmonostor et Blinja, whose control over the land in the 14th and 15th centuries marked the beginning of its documented history. Subsequently, land ownership transitions, from the Branković despots and Berislavić family to the Keglević counts, shaped the estate's legal and administrative frameworks, influencing its function within the feudal system. The military significance of Topolovac, particularly during Ottoman incursions in the 16th century, is examined through historical records referencing fortifications and strategic positioning. In the early modern period, the estate became a key agricultural and economic centre, integrating new infrastructural developments while maintaining traditional feudal structures. The study also addresses the estate's transformation in the 19th and 20th centuries, highlighting its transition from noble property to state administration and, later, privatization. Furthermore, this research consults cartographic and archival documentation, drawing from historical maps and land surveys to reconstruct the estate's spatial development. By integrating archival research, historical topography, and conservation perspectives, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding and contextualization of Topolovac, its physical landscape and built heritage within the ongoing preservation and conservation initiatives.

S fokusom na „Utjehu kose“ (1906), analiziram liriku Antuna Gustava Matoša, posebno sonet, kao format čiji intelektualni nacrt pretpostavlja kritiku i teoriju; zato je Matoševa lirika prije svega poetički iskaz, a onda i komentar na Matoša pripovjedača i, uopće, pisca. Ako u Matoševu slučaju to naglašeno obaseže i konceptualni aparat estetike, pokazujem kako se njegov sonet utječe inverziji uzvišenoga, sada i kao intervenciji u esteticizam. Zato bi Edip i Matošu mogao biti primjerna figura: ne toliko zbog značenja koje mu pripisuje Freudova psihoanaliza koliko zbog htonske relacije koju – Matošev – Edip uspostavlja sa Sfingom s jedne i Antigonom s druge strane. // With a focus on „The Solace of Hair“ („Utjeha kose,“ 1906), I analyze Antun Gustav Matoš’s poetry, especially his affinity for the sonnet, as a format whose intellectual design is one of criticism, which is why Matoš's lyric poetry self-identifies in fact as poetics. If that still entails aesthetics as an overriding concept, I argue that Matoš relies on inverse sublimity for an intervention into aestheticism, to which Oedipus supplies a specimen story: not a Freudian figure so much as a line of thought between the chthonic properties of the Sphinx and of Antigone.

U radu se razmatraju neke točke u životu, radu i recepciji Elly Ebenspanger, hrvatske
filozofkinje koja je doktorirala na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 1939.
godine na temi problema slobode volje. Neke od razmotrenih točaka u dosadašnjoj
literaturi o njoj bile su potpuno previđene, premda su ponekad očite i vrlo zanimljive.
Rekapitulirani su i neki do sad zabilježeni i iz publikacija poznati podaci. Njezin
život, rad i recepcija razmotreni su u kontekstu predratnih okolnosti kada studira
i piše svoju doktorsku disertaciju. Razmotreni su u okolnostima Drugog svjetskog
rata, kada je i stradala, kao i u kontekstu poslijeratnih društveno-filozofskih zbivanja,
dakle, posljednjih osamdesetak godina. Njezin rad i djelovanje pritom se povezuje
s drugim akterima iz tih razdoblja, kao što su Albert Bazala, Marijan Petras, Kruno
Krstić i Zdenko Vojnović.

Nyomta és kötötte a Printtatu kft. Felelős vezető: szabó Gábor B e N e i B e r N a d ett Az ablativus absolutus használata a magyar krónika 11-12. századi szövegegységeiben* kristó Gyula 1994-ben fogalmazta meg azt a tézisét, mely szerint a magyar krónika 11-12. századi eseményeket elbeszélő része a 13. század elején újabb átszerkesztésen esett át, s így a ma ismert krónikaszöveg egy szerző munkája. a neves történész lexikai és frazeológiai vizsgálatok eredményei alapján következtetett erre a megállapításra. 1 kristó Gyula állítását a szöveg nyelvi elemzésével szeretném a későbbiekben megerősíteni, vagy megcáfolni. az Árpád-kori krónikarészen elvégzett nyelvi elemzés, amely a szövegrészben az accusativus cum infinitivo és a nominativus cum infinitivo használatát vizsgálta, kimutatta, hogy a magyar krónika, hasonlóan szent istván nagyobbik legendájához és az anjou-kori krónikafolytatáshoz, igazodik a klasszikus nyelvi normákhoz. azonban az említett krónikarészlet mégis tartalmaz kettő olyan egységet, amelyek három vagy több krónikafejezetből állnak, és markánsan középkori nyelvhasználat jellemző rájuk. 2 ezek a több fejezetből álló részek, illetve a 139. fejezet olyan helyeken olvashatóak, 3 amelyekről a korábbi kutatások (Pauler Gyula, 4 csóka J. lajos, 5 kristó Gyula, 6 szovák kornél, 7 Thoroczkay Gábor 8 ) is azt feltételezik, hogy későbbi betoldások. Úgy vélem a fent említett szerkezetek használatára irányuló nyelvi vizsgálat is megerősítette ezt a véleményt. a következőkben egy szintén

The research of the relations between certain rulers, territories or peoples can be considered as one of the classic topics of historiography in general and of Medieval Studies as well. The history of Polish–Hungarian contacts in the Middle Ages is no exception, several scientific and popular works have dealt with the relations of the Piasts and Árpáds, and their respective realms. Nevertheless, it is to be underlined that we can only speak indirectly about international relations concerning the High Middle Ages, the personal contacts of the rulers and the dynastic ties established between the ruling families are of great importance when studying the various elements of the relations. This paper focuses on certain episodes of the dynastic relations of the rulers of Poland and Hungary in the thirteenth century. The relation between the brothers-in-law, King Andrew II and Duke Henry I the Bearded, the case of Władysław Odonic, and his hypothetical exile in Hungary, the relation of King Béla IV to his son-in-law, Bolesław the Pious, duke of Greater Poland, the case of Leszek the Black and the marriage of King Andrew III and the Piast duchess, Fenenna are in the focus of this study.

This contribution analyses the ways in which interwar Yugoslavia addressed two different diasporas, one comprising the emigrants and the other encompassing the external kin of Slovenes and Croats living in the Italian region of Julian March/Venezia Giulia. In addition, it examines how, on the one hand, the emigrants who 'returned' and, on the other, the Julian March migrants who fled the region to settle in Yugoslavia, were integrated into the Yugoslav nation-building project. It suggests that Yugoslavia's diaspora-building was importantly linked to overcoming internal divisions in a complex country and restoring political legitimacy. Furthermore, it argues that diaspora-building was more part of a discourse than carried out in earnest, since Yugoslavia, occupying an unfortunate position in the international system, was ill-equipped to provide emigrant care or serve the return migrants and Julian March immigrants.

The paper explores the principle of legal certainty in the medieval commune of Kotor, focusing on the distribution of power and judicial authority. It examines the legal structure of Kotor, including appeal mechanisms and the role of notaries, primarily from the Italian Peninsula, in shaping the local legal system. Additionally, it highlights the codification process of Kotor's statutes, first published in Venice in 1616, and the influence of Venetian governance. The author analyses the balance of power between local aristocracy and external oversight by Venice, showcasing how aristocratic control was maintained, particularly in judicial and administrative matters, while safeguarding legal certainty.