Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology

The article examines the role of the Latin Bishop Reinbern in the history of the Principality of Turov in the context of relations between the Rus’ and the Poland at the beginning of the 11th century. The activity of the bishop is considered, among other things, from the point of view of church policy and canon law. The reasons that prompted the bishop to come to Turov, as well as his activities in the principality and the grounds for arrest are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that Reinbern was probably the first bishop in the Turov land, and from the point of view of canon law he could head the diocese of Turov as a bishop who lost his episcopal see. The author also comes to the conclusion that Reinbern was imprisoned on the orders of Vladimir Svyatoslavich not for adherence to the Latin rite, but for participating in a conspiracy, helping Svyatopolk in an attempt to gain independence for the Turov inheritance and creating a church administrative unit canonically independent of Kiev. In that case, Vladimir could be guided by the provisions of the Epanagoge, a Byzantine collection of laws regulating the trial of a bishop.

Using the example o f the veneration of the Mother of God (Bogoroditsa) in Belarusian proshchy, a form of syncretism is considered, consisting of three elements: archaic pre-Christian, Christian, and modem, associated with non-traditional religiosity.

Объект исследования - миссионерская деятельность средневекового христианского проповедника Бруно Кверфуртского. Цель данного исследования - определение роли латинского проповедника в истории средневековых белорусских земель. Краткий историографический анализ, представленный во введении, отражает основные направления исследований миссий Бруно Кверфуртского в отечественной и зарубежной историографии. Определены основные источники, анализ которых позволит пролить свет на обстоятельства последнего миссионерского путешествия Бруно и проследить его связь с белорусскими землями. В основной части кратко представлена биография Бруно Кверфуртского, уделено внимание условиям формирования личности будущего миссионера: семье, образованию, уникальной монастырской традиции, в рамках которой он был воспитан. Описаны основные направления миссионерских трудов Бруно, а также его дипломатическая, миротворческая и литературная деятельность. Определено значение туровской епископии для миссии в Понеманье в рамках прусского похода Бруно. Обозначена вероятная роль туровского князя Святополка Владимировича в выборе проповедником отправной точки для прусской миссии. Указано сохранившееся в средневековых хрониках место мученической кончины миссионера («на границе Литвы и Руси»), локализуемое исследователями на территории современной Беларуси. Предложен путь устранения противоречия источников, повествующих о дальнейшей судьбе мощей Бруно и культе святого мученика. В заключении суммированы наблюдения о непосредственной связи последнего миссионерского путешествия Бруно Кверфуртского с историей средневековых белорусских земель. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в дальнейших исследованиях по истории Беларуси и всеобщей истории. Они могут быть полезны при разработке специальных курсов по истории, религиоведению, культурологии и другим смежным дисциплинам.

The article deals with female inbound migration to Slovakia and examines importance of gender and family within migration process. Besides the quantitative overview of overall female migration flows, article presents migration histories of females from the third countries based on qualitative research. Although gender plays an important role in shaping female's experience in migration, the gender approach itself does not explain complexity of the process. Article discusses intersectional theory as a suitable concept for explaining different positioning of female migrants within society. It argues that in order to gain full understanding of migrant position in Slovak society it is necessary to analyse interactions between and simultaneous effects of different social categories. Socially constructed categories, through their interactions on multiple levels, contribute to social inequality and vulnerability of female migrants.

In the spring 2020, measures introduced across Europe to limit the spread of COVID-19 included, among others, the temporary closure of borders. For Romanian and Slovakian live-in carers, this meant they were no longer able to commute between the Austrian households they work in and their respective countries of origin. Due to the relatively short cyclical rotas of 2-4 weeks, travel restrictions heavily affected cross-border live-in care between the three countries, which makes them a particular case for studying the effects of pandemic-related measures on transnational care arrangements. Drawing on media reports, relevant laws and policies, and interviews with representatives of care workers' interests, the article examines how live-in care as a whole and care workers in particular were affected by the pandemic and related policy responses such as specific travel arrangements and financial incentives for workers. It shows that while live-in carers were deemed critical workers and essential for the long-term care system, the inequalities and dependencies already existing in transnational care arrangements were deepened. Care workers' wants, needs and interests were subordinated to the interests of care recipients, agencies and sending and receiving countries.

Inštitút pre verejné otázky, 2015 Integrácia ľudí s medzinárodnou ochranou na Slovensku: Hľadanie východísk Miroslava Hlinčíková, Ústav etnológie SAV v Bratislave, Inštitút pre verejné otázky Martina Sekulová, Inštitút pre verejné otázky Projekt Tajomstvá z denníkov migrantov na okraji: viac inklúzie pre ľudí s medzinárodnou ochranou bol podporený sumou 42 429,70 eur z Fondu pre mimovládne organizácie, ktorý je financovaný z Finančného mechanizmu EHP 2009-2014. Správcom Fondu je Nadácia otvorenej spoločnosti-Open Society Foundation. Cieľom projektu Tajomstvá z denníkov migrantov na okraji: viac inklúzie pre ľudí s medzinárodnou ochranou je Posilnenie kapacít MVO a zlepšenie podmienok na fungovanie občianskej spoločnosti. Granty Európskeho hospodárskeho priestoru a Nórska sú príspevkom Islandu, Lichtenštajnska a Nórska k znižovaniu sociálnych a ekonomických rozdielov v Európe a k posilňovaniu bilaterálnych vzťahov medzi týmito krajinami a prijímateľskými krajinami v EÚ. Tieto tri krajiny úzko spolupracujú s EÚ na základe Dohovoru o Európskom hospodárskom priestore (EHP). Výška Grantov EHP a Nórska pre obdobie rokov 2009-2014 je 1.79 miliárd eur, pričom príspevok Nórska tvorí 97% z celkových finančných prostriedkov. Granty sú určené pre mimovládne organizácie, výskumné a akademické inštitúcie, verejné a súkromné sektory v 12 najnovších členských štátoch EÚ, Grécku, Portugalsku a Španielsku. S darcovskými štátmi existuje široká spolupráca a aktivity môžu byť vykonávané až do roku 2016. Hlavnými oblasťami podpory sú životné prostredie a klimatické zmeny, posilnenie občianskej spoločnosti, rodová rovnosť, zdravie, deti a mládež, súdnictvo, kultúrne dedičstvo, štipendiá a cezhraničná spolupráca. Práca vznikla aj s podporou nadácie VČELÍ DOM a s podporou vedeckého projektu Občianske aktivity ako determinant udržateľného rozvoja mesta (etnologický pohľad), VEGA č. 2/0024/14).

The article deals with female inbound migration to Slovakia and examines importance of gender and family within migration process. Besides the quantitative overview of overall female migration flows, article presents migration histories of females from the third countries based on qualitative research. Although gender plays an important role in shaping female's ex- perience in migration, the gender approach itself does

Abstract: The article deals with female inbound migration to Slovakia and examines importance of gender and family within migration process. Besides the quantitative overview of overall female migration flows, article presents migration histories of females from the third countries based on qualitative research. Although gender plays an important role in shaping female’s ex-perience in migration, the gender approach itself does not explain complexity of the process. Article discusses intersectional theory as a suitable concept for explaining different positioning of female migrants within society. It argues that in order to gain full un-derstanding of migrant position in Slovak society it is necessary to analyse interactions between and simultaneous effects of different social categories. Socially constructed categories, through their interactions on multiple levels, contribute to social inequality and vulnerability of female migrants.

The paper focuses on the cross-border care circulation of Slovak care workers who work in Austria, with the care crisis and the pandemic in the background. Slovak care workers often work in short-term two-week work rotas, allowing them to balance work and private life. They remain primarily responsible for the social reproduction and care of their households. The pandemic and imposed measures have fundamentally affected this transnational circulation of care. Caregivers faced the challenge of mobilizing capacities and resources to cope with emerging situations, developing new strategies, and modifying existing ones. Based on interviews with care workers, employment agencies, and a non-governmental organization focusing on the rights of care workers, the study presents how care workers coped with the measures introduced during the pandemic period, describes selected strategies of care workers to ensure social reproduction in their families despite the pandemic, and also discuss selected changes in the individual life trajectories of women, to which the pandemic period contributed. The paper argues that although women contributed to addressing the emerging care deficit reinforced by the pandemic crisis, they had to rely on their capacities for the care needs of their families.

Prvé číslo Slovenského národopisu v roku 2023 ponúka multidisciplinárnu reflexiu sociálnych realít a oblastí života, ktoré sa po pandemickej skúsenosti (ale nielen) vracajú k bežným časom. 1 Ústrednou líniou čísla je kríza, krízové ruptúry spoločenského poriadku a ich dôsledky na žitú realitu v rôznych oblastiach, s dôrazom na slovenský kontext. Dozvuky a vplyvy týchto krízových momentov časom získavajú jasnejšie kontúry. Od vypuknutia pandémie venovali vedci a vedkyne z oblasti humanitných a spoločenských vied na Slovensku pandémii, jej priebehu a dôsledkom značnú pozornosť z najrôznejších perspektív.

This chapter explores the re-organisation of care within families – caused by care workers’ mobility – in the sending countries. It argues that what can be called a ‘familialistic’ orientation of relevant welfare policies in sending countries has an infuence on labour mobility patterns. Through the case study of Romanian and Slovak live-in caregivers  working in 2- or 4-week shifts in Austria, the chapter analyses the linkages between care workers’ strategies for addressing the care defcits of their families living back home, the defciencies of related public policies in their respective countries of origin and the care workers’ mobility patterns. It argues
that, when it comes to the relationship between mobility and care needs, there seems to be a ‘tipping point’ in the needs of care workers’ families which makes care workers decide to permanently return to their countries of origin in order to care for their family members. As care defcits in migrants’ families emerge mainly in relation to children and elderly family members, we focus here specifcally on childcare and care for the elderly. The remainder of this chapter unfolds as follows. First, contextual information is provided on care-work mobility, as well as on current
public policies in the areas of childcare and elderly care in Romania and Slovakia. Second, the chapter’s conceptual framework is laid out and the methodology employed briefy described. Third, the main body of the chapter addresses family care re-organisation due to care mobility, the effects of the family’s care defcits and of welfare provisions of care on mobility and care re-organisation in families with a mobile carer. Finally, the last section draws the main conclusions and summarises the contribution’s central argument.