Social reproduction

The historical essence of machinery and of its capitalist application, along with the dialectics of labour, machinery, and capital, has always been a crucial subject in Marx's critical theory of capitalism. In "Beiheft C" (1863) Marx compiled excerpts from A History of Inventions by the German technologist Johann Beckmann. Beckmann's account of the dual social impact of machinery during the manufacturing period, particularly his historical narrative of workers' intense struggles against machinery, brought Marx to confront the so-called "Beckmann Dilemma": How are the primordial dual aspects of machinery possible? Within the overarching framework of historical materialism and the critique of political economy, Marx progressively deepened his theoretical perspective and intellectual logic for resolving the "Beckmann Dilemma" in the Economic Manuscripts of 1861-1863. There he examined themes such as the relationship between machinery and wages, as well as machinery and primitive accumulation. In Capital, Marx comprehensively revealed the historical logic and essential laws governing machinery and its capitalist deployment, correctly distinguishing between machinery as such and its capitalist deployment. He exposed the determinate social forms of machinery and its emancipatory potential, while profoundly clarifying the real essence of the contradiction between workers and machines and proposing the corresponding strategies of struggle-thereby achieving both a scientific resolution and a fundamental transcendence of the "Beckmann Dilemma." The excavation and critical analysis of Marx's and Beckmann's theories of machinery will provide valuable insights for reflecting on contemporary human-machine relations in the era of digital intelligence.

Este estudo centra-se na análise da função do Estado para o capital, como instituição fomentadora das políticas ideológicas de desenvolvimento. Compreende-se que o anunciado desenvolvimento local/territorial oculta a mobilidade do capital, que se faz pela territorialização aproveitando-se de suas vantagens específicas, como valor da força de trabalho e dotação de infra-estrutura, com a finalidade de se (re)produzir. Sob o engodo da autonomia, da capacidade endógena de desenvolver-se, o capital, personificado na ação do Estado, difunde o entendimento sobre o território como área dinâmica, cujo potencial econômico deve ser explorado. Sendo assim o capital apropria-se do lugar, engendrando um rearranjo produtivo que ofereça as melhores ofertas à acumulação. O desenvolvimento territorial, portanto, é utilizado com um embuste que legitima as relações capitalistas de produção e assegura a apropriação/subordinação de áreas à reprodução ampliada do capital. This study has its aim in analyzing how the State contributes to the capital, once being characterized as an institution responsible to create ideological politics for economic development. It is considered that the so-called local/territorial development hides the capital mobility, which is based on the process of territory expansion while getting in each local the specific leverage to make the most of its advantages, such as labour value and endowments of infra-structure, in order to (re) produce itself continuously. Based on the deceiving belief over the capital's autonomy and the endogenous capacity to develop itself, the capital, personified in the State's direction, spreads the propaganda of the territory as if it was a dynamic area, which economic potential have to be explored. Then, the capital owns the place, generating there a productive rearrangement that brings the best offers to the accumulation. The territorial development, as a consequence, is used as an ambush to legitimate the capitalist production and at the same time it assures the appropriation/submission of those areas to the massive capital reproduction.

Dès les années 1960, l’État québécois s’est fortement engagé dans le secteur public, en particulier dans les domaines de l’éducation et de la santé. Cependant, les années 1980 ont marqué un tournant. Dans un contexte de remise en question du providentialisme, le gouvernement procède à des coupes budgétaires importantes, adopte plusieurs lois spéciales et met en œuvre diverses réformes qui ont affecté les services publics et les programmes sociaux. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment les travailleuses de l’éducation et de la santé ont vécu le tournant néolibéral de l’État québécois dans les années 1980. En m’appuyant sur les approches de l’économie politique féministe, je démontre comment le virage néolibéral a entraîné une « crise de la reproduction sociale » qui a affecté les trajectoires professionnelles et personnelles des travailleuses, avec des répercussions durables dans les milieux de l’éducation et des soins.

Quatre espaces ont été explorés et constituent les chapitres principaux de la thèse. Les chapitres 2 (Écoles) et 3 (Hôpitaux) présentent les transformations dans ces services publics, notamment en ce qui concerne la précarisation des conditions d’emploi, l’alourdissement et la complexification du travail, ainsi que les bouleversements dans le rapport à la profession des enseignantes et des soignantes. Alors que ces deux secteurs ont été examinés dans des champs historiographiques distincts, leur analyse au sein d’une même étude permet de mettre en évidence des similitudes quant aux perturbations qu’ont subies ces milieux d’emploi féminins. Le quatrième chapitre (Syndicats) se penche sur les rondes de négociations et les grèves de 1983, 1986 et 1989 dans le secteur public, en portant une attention particulière à la reconfiguration des stratégies et des revendications syndicales, ainsi qu’au déroulement plus « quotidien » des conflits. En fin de chapitre, il est question des expériences des travailleuses dans les structures syndicales – encore fortement masculinisées – et des retombées de leur implication, qui ont été largement sous-étudiées par l’historiographie syndicale. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre (Foyers) expose les changements dans les modèles conjugaux et familiaux des années 1980, ainsi que les débats entourant l’élaboration d’une première politique familiale québécoise sur fond de montée du néolibéralisme et de responsabilisation des ménages. J’aborde l’impact de la crise économique et de la précarisation sur la vie quotidienne des travailleuses ainsi que les conséquences du désengagement de l’État sur le travail gratuit des femmes, notamment quant à la prise en charge des personnes vulnérables. Le chapitre s’achève sur les luttes menées par les femmes pour « améliorer le quotidien ». Dans une conjoncture particulièrement difficile, d’importantes mobilisations entraînent des avancées décisives en matière de congés de maternité et d’accès aux garderies.

Ce projet, qui s’appuie sur un vaste corpus de sources orales et de sources textuelles, apporte plusieurs contributions importantes à l’historiographie québécoise, en particulier dans les domaines de l’histoire des femmes, du syndicalisme, de l’État et des services publics. Alors que plusieurs travaux ont été consacrés à l’État-providence québécois, sa remise en cause à travers le néolibéralisme a été peu étudiée dans une perspective historique. Plus largement, cette thèse jette un nouvel éclairage sur une décennie souvent perçue comme une période de reculs, en mettant de l’avant les mobilisations des travailleuses pour la défense des services publics et l’obtention de nouveaux acquis.

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Ulusötesi Aileler Ulusötesi aileler (transnational families) kavramı, yaşamlarının en azından bir bölümünde mekânsal olarak ayrı, en az iki farklı ülkede yaşayan ve ulusal sınırlara rağmen kolektif refah, ortak sorumluluk ve birlik duygusuna sahip ve birbirleriyle bağlarını sürdürebilen aileleri ifade eder (Bryceson ve Vuorela, 2002: 3). Bu bakımdan ulusötesi aileler sadece kan bağına sahip aile üyeleri veya sabit varlıklar olarak değil, daha çok duygusal ve maddi destek ağlarını içeren, ulusötesi bir ilişkiselliğe sahip, çeşitli sosyo-kültürel süreçlerin etkileşiminde yer alan topluluklar olarak düşünülebilir.

This study goes beyond explaining Syrian migrant child labor solely in terms of economic deprivation and offers a multi-layered analysis within the framework of transformation in the family structure, social reproduction processes and the subjectivity of childhood. Child labor is addressed not only as a phenomenon that emerges in Syrian migrant families out of concern for livelihood, but also as a historical and cultural practice that gains meaning through intra-family responsibility relations, cultural norms and perceptions of childhood. In the study, the inclusion of children in the labor market is evaluated both as a result of a structural necessity and as a reproduction of historical norms within the family. While child labor is evaluated as an element of social reproduction, it is also examined as a field of agent where children actively participate in this process and reposition themselves. In this context, the study takes a holistic approach to Syrian child labor in Southeastern Anatolia at the intersection of migration, family and class dynamics. This study is literature review that various data, statistics and the results obtained from similar studies written on the subject. In addition to these, the researcher has worked as a humanitarian aid worker in various non-governmental organizations in Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa and Mardin and has blended the cases, events and situations he has witnessed in the last decade with the content of the study with a reflexive method.

Reproducción social y formación de clase. Comprendiendo las luchas de pobladores y pobladoras como una ruta hacia la proletarización (1940-1973) Social reproduction and class formation. Understanding the struggles of pobladores and pobladoras as a route to proletarianization (1940-1973

Este trabal ho apresenta resul tados de um a pesqui sa sobre o com portam ento reproduti vo de m ul heres ri bei ri nhas m oradoras na Reserva de Desenvol vi m ento Sustentável Am anã, Regi ão do M édi o Sol i m ões, estado do Am azonas. A pesqui sa f oi real i zada em 2001 com o obj eti vo de i denti f i car aspectos do com portam ento reproduti vo de m ul heres em si tuação de desam paro pel os servi ços públ i cos de saúde. Foi anal i sado o com portam ento reproduti vo de 83 m ul heres através do m étodo da sua hi stóri a reproduti va. Essas m ul heres habi tam pequenas l ocal i dades que m argei am os ri os e l agos no i nteri or da f l oresta am azôni ca. O estudo perm i ti u i denti f i car que essas m ul heres i ni ci aram sua reprodução com um a i dade m édi a de 17 anos e que a i dade m édi a da úl ti m a gestação f oi aos 42 anos, dentre as m ul heres com m ai s de 45 anos de i dade. Desse total de m ul heres 36% perderam um ou m ai s f i l hos antes que com pl etassem ci nco anos de i dade. Apenas 16% f azi am uso regul ar de contracepti vos e 12% f oram esteri l i zadas. A pesqui sa constatou que essas m ul heres não têm acesso aos atendi m entos bási cos de saúde e o acom panham ento de sua gestação e parto depende quase que excl usi vam ente das ações das partei ras tradi ci onai s l ocai s. O estudo evi denci a a i m portânci a de program as de saúde reproduti va que reconheçam essas condi ções soci ai s e cul turai s l ocai s.

Indeed fifth, and finally, I hint at another, a more satisfactory solution which attempts to do just that: socialization provides part This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

No cerne da pluralidade das teorias e análises feministas, pesquisadoras da Teoria da Reprodução Social (TRS) ancoradas em noções marxianas de trabalho, valor, força de trabalho e reprodução social, elaboram a ideia de que tanto a produção de mercadorias quanto os trabalhos domésticos e de cuidados compõem a totalidade sistêmica do capitalismo, de que ambos são necessários à regeneração do capital. Elas compreendem que os conflitos em torno da reprodução social se configuram em um ponto chave na disputa entre capital e trabalho. Este texto analisa a problemática atual dos trabalhos domésticos e de cuidados, localizada em uma crise que impõe uma nova divisão sexual e internacional do trabalho e que evoca uma renovação na teoria social, expressada no desenvolvimento feminista da TRS.

Tous droits réservés © Association pour la recherche qualitative (ARQ), 2025 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de

In his 2019 opening statement as editor of Cultural Studies, Ted Striphas notes a widespread feeling that cultural studies is a scholarly formation on the wane. There is a well-established literature on the subject: arguments about its decline are frequent enough to have become their own object of analysis. Fredric Jameson wrote in the early 1990s that the fieldʼs popularity signaled a "desire" for a new Gramscian "historical bloc, " suggesting that the fieldʼs promise was political as much as it was methodological. This is part of the mythos surrounding cultural studies, specifically that iteration of it descending from the Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) in Birmingham, which piloted the version of interdisciplinary work that took American academics by storm in the 1980s. Jameson was skeptical of this "desire, " a not uncommon sentiment in the years since. Charges that the field abandoned foundational commitments to Marxism and devolved into neoliberal affirmations of consumption appear throughout its historiography. Such claims are cliché at this point, but not false: there was a "demarxification. " Stuart Hall said shortly Back to Basi cs wi th Labor-Power: The Probl em of Cul ture and Soci al Reproducti on Theory by Sean Cashbaugh | Issue 10.2 (Fall 2021) ABSTRACT Ted Striphas recently called for a return to the "problem of culture" within cultural studies. This is a political as much as a methodological provocation: "culture" became an object of analysis among mid-twentieth century scholars in dialogue with Marxist accounts of ongoing political crises. Taking a cue from this past, this essay rethinks culture in relation to the ongoing crisis in social reproduction via Social Reproduction Theory (SRT). Within some Marxist feminist currents, "social reproduction" refers to the reproduction of labor-power, Marxʼs term for the capacity to work sold on the market in exchange for wages. Marxist feminists have theorized such matters at length via their analyses of the practices undergirding the reproduction of labor-power. SRT is not unfamiliar to cultural studies scholars, but those engaged with it tend to explore the representation of socially reproductive practices within culture rather than the ways culture itself contributes to labor-powerʼs reproduction. This is unsurprising. Historically, the field has discussed laborpower in terms of its circulation rather than its reproduction, detailing cultureʼs role in reproducing social systems. Drawing upon Michael Denningʼs "labor theory of culture, " recent work in SRT, and Marx, I argue that culture functions in a socially reproductive capacity within the logic of capitalism. In doing so, it casts cultural struggle as a form of social reproduction struggle at the intersection of labor-powerʼs reproduction and that of the society that requires it. This essay constructs a systematic account of cultureʼs socially reproductive function before using it to consider its historical expression in the current moment.

This article discuss how collaborative economy can contribute to the production and knowledge dissemination for the society, in which refers to practice rescue, values and aspects linked to the solidarity and collectivity, such as confrontation of problems connected to cyclical questions of marketplace economy and environmental crisis. For that, it will be addressed the concepts of sharing economy, social capital and the economy platforming as a business model. In this bulge, it will be described the project of a donation app that will be implemented in a locality, aiming to integrate people, strengthen ties and, then, agglutinate social capital. The work goal is to address the sharing economy as a way to conduct a transition dynamic of the present traditional economy, for a model that is not an inequality reproduction and less hostile to the natural resources. Our question is: does the sharing economy show attributes capable of promoting the formation of the social capital and envi...

La Flotilla de la Dignidad hacia Gaza no es sólo una acción solidaria es un acto cargado de simbolismo histórico y político. Para comprender su fuerza, vale la pena detenerse en una imagen: Angelus Novus, el cuadro pintado por Paul Klee en 1920 e interpretado por el filósofo Walter Benjamin como alegoría de la historia.
En ese ángel, que contempla ruinas naturales y humanas infinitas y es arrastrado por una tormenta que llamamos progreso, encontramos claves que iluminan tanto la tragedia palestina como el sentido de quienes hoy, desde el mar y desde tierra, se resisten a aceptar la catástrofe y el genocidio como destino.

Nella tavola rotonda si discuterà dei nodi concettuali e della ricezione del libro di Chantal Jaquet “I transclasse, o la non-riproduzione”, la cui traduzione italiana a cura di Giorgio Majer Gatti è stata pubblicata da La Città del sole. In questo libro l’autrice elabora e sviluppa il concetto di “transclasse” per descrivere il passaggio di un individuo da una classe sociale all’altra, analizzando le cause politiche, economiche, sociali, familiari e particolari che contribuiscono alla non-riproduzione sociale ma anche i loro effetti sugli individui che passano da una classe sociale all’altra.

In seeking to understand and promote long-term and inclusive models of local economic development the notion of social capital appears potentially important. In the development of the social economy, an aspect of the local economy which has attracted an increased theoretical and policy focus in recent years, the relationship with social capital appears particularly significant.Yet despite the apparent salience of notions of social capital, there remains a lack of understanding of the nature and extent of existing social capital resources and the precise manner in which these are drawn upon in the development of the social economy to generate further social capital within the local development process. In part this is a result of the conceptual confusion surrounding the notion of social capital, but it also reflects a lack of empirical research. This article explores the notion of social capital and the manner in which it is produced, reproduced and used locally within the social eco...

Anknüpfend an Veronica Gagós Annäherungen an eine politische Theorie des feministischen Streik (2018) versteht Cari Maier den Streik als einen Versuch, der-aufbauend auf queer_feministische Arbeitskämpfe-Sorge im Kontext sozialer Reproduktion politisiert. Sorge wird im doppelten Sinne als relationales Konzept verstanden, das als Beziehung selbst widersprüchlich organisiert ist. Ausgehend vom kollektiven Protest, in dem alltägliche, individuell erlebte und differente Erfahrungen in sozialen Reproduktionsverhältnissen politisiert werden, argumentiert der Text für eine Perspektivenverschiebung in queer_feministischer Gesellschaftstheorie. Gagos Fokus auf Differenz aufgreifend, wird diskutiert, wie aufgrund der notwendigen Verstrickungen Differenz zur Strategie der Bezugnahme wird: Sorge dient als politischer Ausgangspunkt und Fluchtpunkt, als Vermittlung zwischen Besonderung und Verallgemeinerung, der Potentiale und Grenzen gemeinsamer politischer Praxis verdeutlicht.

The authors examine how the construct social capital is explicated and measured by communication scholars in contemporary research and argue that linkages between concepts and measures are not always clear and operationalizations of social capital are far from uniform in empirical studies. The authors also note that the measures of social capital fall along 2 dimensions: a static-dynamic continuum and an informal-formal path, which are largely ignored. The authors challenge communication scholars to reexamine the theoretical underpinnings of social capital research articulated by Pierre Bourdieu and James S. Coleman and to reconsider how the role and functions of communication might drive social capital.

de Mejía (2002) defines "elite" bilingual schooling as a privileged educational choice for families seeking to access or preserve prized symbolic capital and economic advantage through bilingual education in two or more high-status languages. This systematic literature review examines 48 entries from peer-reviewed journals, edited volumes, and books investigating so-called "elite" bilingual K-12 schooling across 35 global contexts. The review outlines various characteristics of these "elite" bilingual schools, including school types, language policies, and teaching staff. Additionally, I apply Bourdieu's (1977) concept of symbolic capital to explore how these schools function as sites of social reproduction, where learners are positioned to access and reproduce high-status linguistic and cultural capital. Findings describe the neoliberal language and institutional policies, as well as stakeholder attitudes, that frame bilingual education in these "elite" contexts as an investment in the market-based competitiveness of both the schools and their students. These findings suggest that so-called "elite" bilingual schools represent a fruitful yet understudied context for investigating social reproduction and the interrelationship between bilingual education, social class, and political economies.

The resistance by partisan women in Yugoslavia and Carinthia (Austria), and particularly their artistic production, have not been acknowledged in the historical accounts of World War II. Their art was both a form of resistance and a culturally subversive practice, ranging from avant-garde aesthetics to traditional forms of folk art and handicraft. The cultural production by and subsequently about the Yugoslav and Carinthian women partisans includes literature, visual arts, film, photography, comics, textiles, press, theater, dance, and monument architecture. The contributors to this volume present this groundbreaking research to mark eighty years since the victory over Nazism and Fascism in Europe.

For decades, in society after society, fertility rates have been falling below the level needed to maintain the population over time, apparently permanently so. Most societies continue to grow, but are set to shrink as falling fertility outweighs greater longevity. They are no longer reproducing themselves. This article offers an historical materialist perspective on the political economy of post-reproduction society, arguing that there is a structural tendency in capitalism for the rate of fertility to fall. It identifies two overlapping processes in the global development of capitalism since the 1960s, the first selectively widening opportunities beyond marriage and child-bearing, the second bringing all individuals and governments under the discipline of the politics of global competitiveness. The resulting dynamics bring daily and generational reproduction into fundamental contradiction with each other, in ways that are differentiated by race, class, and location. The international and supranational agencies supportive of the development of the world market accept that falling rates of fertility will not be reversed, and promote policies intended to hasten the development of capitalism on a global scale, while the attitudes of governments vary, in accordance with their socio-cultural politics and the level of their commitment to a politics of global competitiveness.

The discourse surrounding ageing frequently highlights the importance of social support, particularly from family networks. However, a significant, yet overlooked, demographic faces unique challenges: the growing population of Men Ageing Without Family: Isolated and Alienated (MAWFIA). Their struggles and societal invisibility have profound implications for individuals and public policy (3, 5).
Citation:
Hadley, R.A. 2025). PAWS for thought: the hidden MAWFIA (Men Ageing Without Family: Isolated and Alienated). Ageing Issues [Online]. Available from: https://ageingissues.wordpress.com/2025/09/08/paws-for-thought-the-hidden-mawfia-men-ageing-without-family-isolated-and-alienated/].

In alcuni pezzi del Nord del mondo oggi è più evidente la brutalità del capitalismo. Serve a poco dire che il capitalismo è sempre stato spietato, soprattutto nel Sud del mondo, dove si verificano la maggior parte dei genocidi e delle espropriazioni. Il vero problema è che la speranza è finita nella mani dell'estrema destra, per quanto distorta. La questione della speranza, scrive Ana Cecilia Dinersterin prendendo spunto da un articolo di Franco Berardi Bifo, non ha nulla a che fare con l'ottimismo, il desiderio o la fantasia: è una questione di capacità intellettuale, emotiva e fisica collettiva che parte dal saper riconoscere e proteggere le innumerevoli e diverse lotte che hanno cominciato a organizzare forme alternative di riproduzione sociale della vita umana e non umana che non corrispondono alla riproduzione del capitale. "In questa prassi non c'è panico, trauma o ossessione, ma bisogno, speranza, aspirazione, desiderio, rabbia, amore e dignità radicale…" Agosto 2025: incontro internazionale "Algunas partes del todo" promosso in Chiapas da zapatiste e zapatisti. Foto Radio Pozol

The Critical Naturalism Manifesto is a common platform put forward as a basis for broad discussions around the problems faced by critical theory today. We are living in a time, e.g. a pandemic time, when present-day challenges exert immense pressure on social critique. This means that models of social critique should not be discussed from the point of view of their normative justification or political effects alone, but also with reference to their ability to tackle contemporary problematic issues (like the dismantlement of the welfare state, the environmental catastrophe, and the sanitary crisis). With this manifesto, we invite varying practices of philosophical, artistic and scientific social critique to take seriously the enormous challenges our societies face with regard to inner and outer nature. We first identity eleven theses of critical naturalism which contemporary critical theory should take into consideration. We then identify the historical crises and catastrophes that c...

In response to four commentaries on our paper ‘Regendering care in the aftermath of recession?’, we extend our discussion of the ongoing knowledge gap that prevails around shifting patterns of male work/care. Recognizing the spatial limits of extant theories of male primary caregiving, we discuss first the need to attend to the variegated landscapes of male caregiving across the globe. Likewise, the theoretical stakes of expanding the focus of ‘mainstream’ analysis to take account of the situated experiences and knowledges of men and women in countries of the global South. We then consider the subjects of our research inquiry (the ‘who’ of contemporary fathering) and how different definitions of male primary caregivers may reveal or conceal patterns and shifts in male caregiving practices. Lastly we consider questions of scale and research methodology. Although our paper employs a national-level analysis, we fully endorse the use of alternative scalar lenses and underline the need t...

Fondée sur une enquête ethnographique portant sur 24 podcasts féministes et des entretiens avec leurs créateur·rice·s, cette étude examine le potentiel du podcast en tant qu’outil de résistance féministe. Les résultats mettent en lumière les spécificités de ce média : un mode de production horizontal et décentralisé, une relation d’intimité entre créateur·rice·s et auditeur·rice·s, une accessibilité technique facilitée, ainsi qu’une éthique communautaire. À l’instar des radios libres, les podcasts permettent ainsi la diffusion de contre-discours rarement audibles dans les médias traditionnels, faisant de ce format un vecteur privilégié de contestation des normes de genre « par le bas ». Toutefois, la plateformisation du secteur en limite l’alternativité. Les logiques algorithmiques restreignent la visibilité des productions indépendantes, tandis que l’entrée des grands groupes médiatiques et les contraintes imposées par les plateformes tendent à uniformiser les formats, au détriment des pratiques amateurs. Par ailleurs, la recherche croissante de monétisation aligne progressivement ces productions sur des logiques marchandes, compromettant leur autonomie éditoriale.

A recent wave of acclaimed novels and films has rekindled interest in the Iberian rural as a microcosm for exploring the social nature of humankind. This resurgence attempts to forge sustainable alternatives but confronts a mythologized view of the rural as antisocial, resistant to political change. This narrative emphasizes the inherent violence and primitiveness of rural life, countering the 1970s Marxist-leaning peasant studies, which recover the rural as a space pregnant with non-capitalist practices. Focusing on
contemporary novels Un amor, Sola, and Mamut, this study argues that they reinforce liberal individualism and property’s central role in freedom, and that they reject the rural as a feminist counter-concept.

Rock-cut tombs, i.e. chambered tombs hewn out from the bedrock, was a common type of monumental burial among many past societies around the world, from the Neolithic Mediterranean, to the Classical Near East, and Protohistoric Japan and Korea. Around the globe they have attracted the attention of generations of archaeologists, historians and art historians. The island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, is the only place where rock-cut tombs are still being created today, and in a traditional (small scale, animist) society context. The Toraja people of Central Sulawesi have built and used rock-cut chambered tombs (locally called ‘liang pa'’) as kinship communal burials for at least 300 years. This living tradition represents a unique opportunity to study rock-cut monuments from an ethnoarchaeological perspective, with a focus on their material, temporal, social, ritual and landscape dimensions. This book is the first ever dedicated to the Toraja tombs and is the outcome of comprehensive literature-based research (ethnographic literature from the 19th century to present) and original fieldwork carried out by the authors in June 2017. The aim of the book is twofold: first, to provide an overview of liang pa’ rock-cut tombs and, second, to address specific issues that had never been investigated before. These issues include the architectural style and decoration of the tombs, the technical steps and ritual activities associated with the process of cutting the tombs into the rock, their landscape setting, and their relationship to local kinship groups. The authors place the liang pa’ within the context of historical developments pertaining to other funerary traditions of the Toraja people over the past several centuries, and present an overview of burial practices associated with these monuments. The research provides a unique synthesis and offers methodological and theoretical insights that are relevant to any reader interested in rock-cut architectures of the past and present, monuments and rituals, and the anthropological study of human-environment interactions. Overall, the book offers a series of fresh insights on long-debated archaeological issues that will inform discussion and theoretical models for the study and interpretation of ritual monuments from prehistory to present.

The Australian Workplace and Social Research Centre (WISeR) has taken care to ensure the material presented in this report is accurate and correct. However, WISeR does not guarantee and accepts no legal liability or responsibility connected to the use or interpretation of data or material contained in this report. WISeR also specialises in socio-economic impact assessment including the distributional impacts and human dimensions of change on different population groups and localities. Our research plays a key role in informing policy and strategy development at a national, local and international level.

FR : En France, la crise sanitaire du Covid-19 et le confinement généralisé de la population ont exercé une forte tension sur l’activité d’aide des proches de personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie et de personnes en situation de handicap. Les restrictions de déplacement et la fermeture de nombreux services sanitaires et médico-sociaux ont renforcé l’isolement des aidantes et des aidants qui accompagnent leur proche à domicile. Entre mars et mai 2020, une enquête par questionnaire a été menée en ligne auprès des adhérents des associations membres du Collectif Inter-Associatif des Aidants Familiaux (1032 réponses). L’article analyse les différents vécus de l’aide pendant le confinement en comparant les situations selon le genre de l’aidant et le lien avec la personne aidée. Il interroge également la relation entre la trajectoire d’aide et le vécu d’une crise aussi aigüe que la pandémie de Covid-19.

Mots clés : Autonomie ; Aide à domicile ; Aidants familiaux ; Trajectoire ; Handicap ; Vieillissement ; Covid-19 ; France

EN: In France, the Covid-19 health crisis and the general confinement of the population have put a great deal of pressure on the caring activities of relatives of elderly and people with disabilities. Travel restrictions and the closure of many health and medical-social services have increased the isolation of family carers who support their loved ones at home. Between March and May 2020, a questionnaire survey was carried out online among members of the associations belonging to the Collectif Inter-Associatif des Aidants Familiaux (1032 responses). The article analyses the different experiences of caring during confinement, comparing situations according to the gender of the caregiver and the relationship with the recipient. It also examines the relation between caregiving trajectory and the experience of a crisis as acute as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Long Term Care; Homecare; Family Caregivers; Trajectory; Disability; Aging; Covid-19; France

This paper addresses the role of social capital networks in the accumulation of large sums of money for investment. In particular, the study undertakes an analysis at the micro level of individual actions involved in the actual process by which social capital is converted into capital, i.e. money. This analysis highlights the social-facilitating functions and processes of social capital networks, while focusing attention on the essential relationship between social capital and money. Our analysis clearly indicates that social capital is the means of production in a type of venture capitalism and is the real means by which the accumulation of capital itself is controlled. Perhaps even more importantly, our findings show that these networks exist to ensure that any profit made by the members of the network remains within the network and does not flow to other networks of financially elite individuals nor trickle down to individuals who are not financially elite.

Este artículo estudia la teoría económica que se encuentra detrás de los análisis y la política pública sobre la informalidad. Para esto se realizará un repaso por la teoría hegemónica (marginalista-neoclásica) buscando comprender dicho marco teórico y su relación con la política económica. De esta manera, se presentará la principal corriente del pensamiento económico, con sus implicaciones sobre la política pública y el tratamiento de la informalidad, y se le criticará de manera profunda y concisa, hallando sus principales falencias teóricas y pretendiendo demostrar su incapacidad para describir cualquier sistema económico de forma lógica y coherente. Con esto en mente, se discutirán nociones alternativas para comprender el fenómeno de la informalidad y el desempleo, partiendo de la propuesta de la economía popular del profesor César Giraldo y continuando con la teoría de la demanda efectiva de Keynes. De aquí se desprenderán condicionantes para una política pública que pretenda, por un lado, la reducción del desempleo y, por el otro, el reconocimiento del sujeto social de la economía popular.

Aim: This paper explores the intersectional barriers to integration faced by Middle Eastern migrant women in the United Kingdom, with a focus on faith, literacy, and language. Approach: Using an intersectional lens, it reviews existing literature rather than new empirical data, drawing on studies of religion, gender, and migration (Anthias 2020; Yuval-Davis 2021; Phillimore 2020). Findings: Faith-based identities provide both challenges and resources. On one hand, cultural and religious expectations can limit women’s access to education and employment (Shanneik 2022; Yuval-Davis 2021). On the other, faith communities and women-only groups can create safe spaces for resilience, solidarity, and learning (Connor and Koenig 2018; Cheung and Phillimore 2022). Literacy and language also intersect with faith, shaping access to public life and belonging (Erel and Ryan 2019; Gidley 2022). Implications: Integration policies and educational initiatives must account for these intersecting factors and foster inclusive spaces that recognise both constraints and opportunities in migrant women’s lives.

How do we trace internal fractures of the working class? What histories do they have? How to explain the manifold production of difference within 'classes of labour'? A few decades ago, Diane Elson was asking a question, the answer to which points in a useful direction: why does labour take the form it does in capitalism? And what are the political consequences? In posing this puzzle, Elson's goal was to recast the centrality of labour within Marx's value theory, as a theory of the specific way labour is transformed in capitalism.

This paper is an attempt to examine the impact of newly disease covid-19. Corona virus disease (covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus covid-19. It has taken the form of pandemic all over the world, and has affected education systems. Covid-19 led world's most of schools and colleges to the closure; most government decided to temporarily close educational institution. We can't ignore that technology plays a crucial role in the educational system. The government of every state in Indian tried its way to give alternative of closure of institution. There are a lot of techniques which are being used by these institutions to provide education through online mood. There are various interruption in the execution of online education system in rural India. Shifting traditional classroom to digital classroom explored inequality among the children of urban areas and rural areas. Difference of resource availability in government schools, colleges and private institution easily can be seen and Covid-19 explored this bitter truth of Indian education system. We shall analyze impact of Covid-19 especially on students in rural India.

Este trabajo se propone explorar los relatos de los medios de comunicación desde la perspectiva de la teoría del conflicto. En la estructura estática de éste, aquellos adoptan un rol de terceros que es necesario analizar. Aquí se abordará el caso de la última huelga de subterráneos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. En ésta se puede apreciar cómo la construcción de la noticia condiciona no sólo al medio sino también a los contendientes. Esa construcción, cuando implica a las posiciones, intereses y necesidades de las partes, deslegitima no sólo a los partícipes del conflicto mismo sino también a la naturaleza de lo público que éste conlleva. Las acciones se mueven en un continuo que va desde la evitación hasta la violencia, pero la publicidad de las mismas torna rígidas a las estrategias impidiendo volver sobre sus pasos. La construcción de las noticias mediante polarizaciones y escaladas mueven en esa dirección a los actores del espacio público. Si toda comunicación es un vehículo de saber, los medios proponen uno que no permite pensar al conflicto por fuera de dicotomías que no hacen más que exasperarlo. Abonando filosofías conservadoras sobre la sociedad. Además de fortalecer ideologías que no contemplan la restitución de lo público como espacio donde se puedan gestionar las diferencias de manera pacífica.

Sylvia Plath and Margaret Atwood each have novels that are currently being brought to the big and little screens. A film-version of Plath’s novel, The Bell Jar, is expected in 2018, while Hulu will be releasing their The Handmaid’s Tale at the end of this month. This thesis explores the relevance of the two novels in relation to the need for sustained feminist activism. The Bell Jar, first published in England under Plath’s pseudonym, Victoria Lucas, remains as Plath’s only novel among pages and pages of her poetry. Since Plath ended her own life before the novel was published in the U.S., many readers did not experience the novel until after her death when her family published the novel with Plath’s name on the cover. Plath’s novel provides readers an insight into the life of Esther Greenwood, a proto-feminist lonely in her quests to find what feminist theorist Helene Cixous calls an “elsewhere” away from patriarchal entrapment; that is, a space to explore her desire for advanced e...

Depuis quelques décennies déjà, on observe une érosion constante des forces vives du christianisme social au Québec. Après une période d'effervescence socio-politique dans les années 1960 et 1970, la mouvance sociale chrétienne a connu un lent déclin à partir des années 1990, avec une accélération marquée depuis le début des années 2010. Cet effondrement des organismes chrétiens engagés pour la justice sociale fait souvent l'objet d'analyses réductrices. Les milieux de gauche imputent cette crise au sabotage de

Addressing the question of “What’s going on” thus forces us to see not simply a transformation in flight within what Charles Tilly calls the “repertoire of collective action” (“Speaking Your Mind Without Elections, Surveys, or Social Movements.” The Public Opinion Quarterly, 47:4, 4), but to see a contemporary political economy is in a state of crisis, riven by increasingly intractable structural contradictions. To return to our stories of stalled motion — allegories for what we have elsewhere theorized under the sign of stagnation (Brouillette, Clover, McClanahan, “Late, Autumnal, Immiserating, Terminal,” Theory & Event, vol. 22 no. 2, 2019, 325-336) — we find a growing indistinction between what Marx termed the “big storms” of crisis, in which “the antagonism of all elements in the bourgeois process of production explode,” and the impasses of tendential slow-down (Marx, Karl. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, trans. Ben Fowkes. 3 vols. Penguin, 1991, 3: 681). The intractably low productivity of the service sector which now makes up the vast bulk of US employment (a trend visible as well not just in Western Europe but also China and other centers imagined to be sources of manufacturing growth) means that its wages will inevitably fail to provide for workers’ subsistence. This obtains especially in the gig economy, a sign of the times, which not only fails to offer subsistence pay but depends for its meager profits entirely on the availability of workers compelled to accept such an offer. Such workers are dependent on tip or piece-rate earnings excluded from traditional wage regulation and detached from traditional principal-agent contractual obligations. For them there will never be a shop floor, a workplace, not even a paymaster. The gig economy, like sex work or criminalized hustles, offers only derivative and inadequate access to the wage; it simply formalizes this informalization for a growing number. It can scarcely be surprising that counterforms, that is to say, modes of “organization,” are changing.

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Weaving together insights from Marxist feminism and ethnographic accounts of seasonal labor in the Bekaa Valley, this essay explores the “hidden abodes” of agricultural production within the daily lives of Syrian farmworkers, Lebanon’s largest and lowest-paid labor force. Set against the backdrop of ongoing war and recurrent economic crisis, it traces the gendered configuration of these farmworkers’ paid and unpaid labor across space and time, beginning with the historical development of translocal householding in rural Syria, the emergence of the farmworker camp system in Lebanon, and the ways that this system was scaled up to accommodate displaced Syrians throughout the war from 2011 onward. It then takes a deeper ethnographic dive into these farmworkers’ seasonal working days, inside and outside of the home, from strategies of cost-cutting and food provisioning to struggles over piece rates and the distribution of family labor, to the challenges of juggling debt burdens and reproductive life-transitions. Offering an on-the-ground view of the ongoing dialectic between the reproduction of agrarian capitalism and the reproduction of people in a context of displacement, the essay ultimately shows how the real length of the working day for Syrian women was constantly extended at minimum cost to their employers in commercial agriculture. In turn, it sketches out the contradictory conditions through which these women struggled to reclaim their labor-time across the continuum of waged and unwaged work and how this shaped their prospects of return.

Efter decennier av nyliberal dominans och i kölvattnet av återkommande ekonomiska, sociala och ekologiska kriser har marxismen åter trätt fram som en gravitationspunkt för den samtida samhällsdebatten. Det växande behovet av verktyg för att förstå och utmana kapitalismens alltmer instabila ordning har drivit fram en global renässans för den marxistiska teorin – även i Sverige, där forskare, intellektuella och aktivister bidrar till dess utveckling.

I Samtida marxistisk teori presenteras trettiosju tänkare från olika delar av världen, tänkare som har fört den marxistiska teorin in i det krisdrabbade 2000-talet. På vilka sätt kan det traditionella idéarvet utvecklas, omformuleras och aktiveras i en tid då den breda vänstern förlorar mark till den inflytelserika koalitionen mellan techmiljardärer och auktoritära ledare, framburna av nykonservativa, antifeministiska och fascistiska rörelser? Och vilka verktyg krävs egentligen för att kunna visualisera och frammana
en annan ordning än den nyliberalism som nu bryter samman?

Den här boken riktar sig till dem som möter marxistisk teori för första gången men även till dem som vill bredda sin förståelse av vad den kan betyda idag.