Social Sciences

This article examines gender differences in social relations and resource deficits in France (N= 553), Germany (N= 516), Japan (N= 491), and the United States (N= 514). These data, from regionally representative samples, indicate few gender differences in quantity or quality of social relations, but that women are more likely than men to experience widowhood, illness, and financial strain. In all countries, more deficits and more negative social interactions are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Interestingly, among women in France and Japan but not among men in any country, quality of social relations offsets the negative consequences of resource deficits. Findings suggest that quality of social relations may have important implications for helping people, particularly women, cope with resource deficits common in late life.

The present study concentrates predominantly on the statement that the voter is influenced by and consumes the political communication marketing formed through political structures, content which is partially created based on the political matters of a country. Consequently, this study is founded upon the point that voting actions reflect what kind of content voters consume; therefore, the elector is the potential customer of the "electoral marketplace". Accordingly, the primary goal of this study is to explain the effect that the political marketing of various parties might have on voters' behaviour. Correspondingly, we introduce the framework of the planned research; identify the vital research principles; and clarify the intentions of the study and the required theoretical background, together with the data gathering and analysis methods used at this stage for the implementation of the envisaged project. In this context, primary research has been conducted quantitatively, the conclusions of which confirm the presence of the relationship outlined above. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that there is a certain correlation between broader political marketing and electoral perceptions. According to the survey results, we conclude that there is a positive linear correlation between the values of all four elements of the marketing mix, which is statistically significant. We found that there are three different levels of correlation between the pairs of the political marketing mix. Accordingly, it appears that there is a stronger correlation between Price and Product and between Place and Promotion, respectively, while there is a slightly weaker correlation between Place and Product and Promotion and Product. At the same time, there is an even weaker but still positive and statistically significant correlation between Promotion and Price and Price and Place, respectively. In addition, "Promotion" falls behind the rest of the elements of political marketing, a fact that partially confirms the given picture with regard to political marketing and considers "Promotion", and thus the actual political/pre-election campaign, to be less influential compared to other components of the political marketing mix (Product, Place, and Price), which, according to the specific results, appear to influence, indirectly but more strongly, the voting choices of Cypriots.

Öz: İnsanlık, akıl aktif olduktan bu yana ortak dosyası olan felsefe aracılığı ile hayatın anlamını araya gelmiştir. Fakat bu çabalar bir sonuç üretememiştir. Bu tıkanmanın başlıca sebebi-bilgi yetersizliği yanında-arayışın insanmerkezcil olmasıdır. Tüm evreni kapsayan ve her şeyin felsefesi için analiz, sonuç olarak enerjinin her biçimde ve kararlı olarak devam etmek istediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Fakat bu sonuç, insani anlam arayışına bir yanıt sunmamaktadır. Enerji, ya da doğa, insan türüne temel felsefi konularda gözlemci rolü vermiştir.

De stad is de basis van het gebouwde leefmilieu. Zij weerspiegelt het sociale leven en is de uitdrukking van de culturele verscheidenheid van de mens, zijn geschiedenis en zijn tradities. Zij vormt de levenskracht voor de plaatselijke leefgemeenschappen, geeft hen een eigen identiteit en helpt hen zich te situeren in tijd en ruimte.

Стаття присвячена аналізу інформаційно-комунікаційних інструментів, які Російська Федерація застосовувала в межах гібридної війни для формування уявлення про «Новоросію» в європейському інформаційному просторі, у період 2014-2021 років. Метою дослідження є виявлення механізмів кіберзброї та дезінформації, що використовувалися для легітимації псевдоісторичних наративів, а також оцінка їхнього впливу на громадську думку в Європі та систем протидії з боку України і європейської спільноти. У дослідженні застосовано міждисциплінарний підхід, що поєднує методи критичного дискурс-аналізу, контент-аналізу англомовних російських медіа (RT, Sputnik, TASS), а також аналіз відкритих джерел, зокрема платформ EUvsDisinfo, NBC News, The Atlantic та наукових публікацій. Особливу увагу приділено візуальним та семантичним елементам, які використовувалися для конструювання образу «Новоросії» як історично обґрунтованого геополітичного проєкту.

Many baseball coaches, sportswriters, and television announcers have commented on the fact that batting averages are low with two strikes or high with less than two strikes. For example, Thomas Boswell, in an article he wrote criticizing Ted Williams' theory that you should take the first pitch, noted that "an analysis of nearly 100 of the top hitters in baseball suggests that the best [hitters] bat about 70 points higher and slug 130 points higher" on 0-0. From this Boswell claims that batters "should be swinging at a lot more first pitches, "that Ted Williams was a "dumbo," and that "most hitters are idiots." Boswell defends his attack on Ted Williams by writing "Sorry, big guy.. . you made the call, so you've got to take the fall."

In this paper, we demonstrate why this reasoning is fallacious. With less than 2 strikes, AVG is simply the fraction of balls put in play that became hits. With 2 strikes, AVG includes strikeouts. Since no batter puts the ball in play when he strikes out, AVG will be less with two strikes for exactly the same batting performance.

The financial performance of a business is very crucial to making decisions regarding the future planning, expansion and growth of the business. The shareholders, managers and staff are the internal users of financial information, whereas the lenders, government and suppliers are the external users of financial information. The sound financial position of the business helps in getting a loan at a lower interest rate. The financial performance of a bank is very crucial for its expansion, shareholders and customer base. The present study aimed to evaluate the financial performance of the bank from the data. The EAGLE model is used to evaluate the financial performance of the bank. From the 10-year analysis of financial data of the bank, it is found that the bank's financial position is sound.

Administrasi publik adalah penerapan kebijakan publik oleh pemerintah pusat dan daerah untuk melayani masyarakat, sementara teori administrasi publik adalah studi tentang prinsip, konsep, dan model yang memandu praktik ini untuk mencapai tujuan publik secara efektif dan efisien. Teori-teori ini mencakup berbagai perspektif seperti teori klasik, neoklasik, modern, pendekatan sistem, dan manajemen publik baru (NPM). Mempelajari Teori Administrasi Negara dipastikan kita harus mengenal empat teori, yakni (1) teori deskriptif eksplanatif, (2) teori normatif, (3) teori asumtif, dan (4) teori instrumental, yang keempat teori tersebut secara bersamasama membentuk Tiga Pilar Administrasi Negara: (a) perilaku organisasi dan perilaku manusia pada organisasi-organisasi publik, (b) teknologi manajemen dan institusi-institusi implementasi kebijakan, dan (c) kepentingan publik yang berkaitan dengan pilihan etika individu dan persoalan-persoalan pemerintahan.

In the information age, knowledge is the most important and valuable asset of any organization. This research is based on the purpose of the type of applied research that was done using the survey method and analytical approach. The statistical population was managers, faculty members, and scientific assistants of Golestan University in 2025, and due to the limited nature of the research population, Morgan's table was used, and the required sample size for the current research was 187 based on the statistical population of 365 people, and on this basis, the number of 190 The questionnaire was collected using stratified relative sampling method. In order to measure the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach's alpha was used and in order to check the validity of the questionnaire, first and second order confirmatory factor analysis was used. The findings showed that in the barriers to maintaining and developing human resources knowledge, the three factors of organizational culture, organizational structure, and management are below average, and the two factors of information technology and human resources are slightly above average. Also, the use of artificial neural networks to predict the level of maintaining and developing human resources knowledge showed that the current research model with three neurons in the hidden layer would reach the highest level of

This research paper conducts a comparative analysis of the public health sectors in Gujarat and Kerala, two diverse states in India with distinct socioeconomic characteristics and healthcare models. The study aims to assess and contrast their healthcare infrastructure, policies, challenges, and achievements, shedding light on the differing approaches to public health management. Utilizing data from government reports, statistical databases, scholarly articles, and relevant literature, this research evaluates key indicators such as healthcare accessibility, quality of services, healthcare expenditure, disease prevalence, and government interventions in both Gujarat and Kerala. These states represent unique paradigms in healthcare. Gujarat, with its rapid economic growth, has made strides in healthcare infrastructure development and increased healthcare expenditure. In contrast, Kerala, despite having a relatively lower per capita income, boasts remarkable achievements in healthcare. Despite their divergent approaches, both states face common challenges ensuring equitable healthcare access and optimizing healthcare quality. This study contributes to the discourse on diverse healthcare approaches in India and offers insights for policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and stakeholders to enhance public health systems.

e Memória» CITCEM). Adjunct Associate Professor do Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research (GCSCR). Cocoordenadora dos Grupos de Pesquisa CNPC "Todas as Artes" e "More Than Loud", Brasil. Cofundadora e cocoordenadora da Rede Todas as Artes e da revista daí surgida.

The questionnaire comprised 71 items, organized into various thematic areas. The research employed multiple methods, including the analysis of documents, statistical data, studies, and research findings, as well as both quantitative and qualitative approaches based on structured and semi-structured questionnaires. In this study, we outline the research design, methods, and criteria for selecting the research sample. Additionally, we analyze selected research questions from the project.

Çağdaş sosyoloji literatüründe modern, modernleşmiş ya da modernleşen gibi terimler,çeşitli kriterler üzerinden bir durum tespiti yapmak için kullanılır. Günümüz paradigmasıBatı modernleşmesini çeşitli esaslar üzerinden açıklar. Bu esaslar coğrafi keşifler,aydınlanma, Rönesans, Reform, Kalvinizm ve Sanayi Devrimi gibi köklü hareketlertoplumla birlikteliğin bir ürünü olarak imgelenir. Her bir yenilik hareketi ise modernliğ egiden önemli bir yol olarak açıklanır. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken ana konumodernleşmenin temel dayanağı olarak neyin görüleceğidir. Batı özelinde sekülerleşme,siyasi ve sosyal gelişme gibi konular modernleşmeyi sağlayan temel saikler olarakgörülebilir. Türklerin modernleşme çabalarının ise askeri alanda geri kalmışlığın birtezahürü olarak ortaya çıktığı söylenebilir. XVII. Yüzyıl Osmanlı’sında askeriyenilgilerin artması, batının ekonomik ve askeri devrimine yetişememe durumu gücüelinde bulunduran kesimi bir değişim düşüncesi içerisine bırakır. İlk olarak III. Selim vedaha sonra halefi II. Mahmud Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun ilk köklü dönüşümsüreçlerineimza atan padişahları olarak tarihteki yerlerini aldılar. Padişahların yanı sıra devrinaydınları da “Devleti nasıl kurtarırız?” sorusu üzerine çeşitli fikirler öne sürdüler.İmparatorlukta yaşanan bütün bu gelişmelere rağmen XVII. ve XVIII. Yüzyıldaki parçalıve bütünlük göstermeyen modernleşme çabaları Batı kültürünün şekilsel yönüne öykünmeci bir tavrın ötesine geçemedi. Bu iki yüzyıl imparatorluğun dağılmaması adınaçeşitli sosyal değişim modellerini de beraberinde getirdi. Bunlardan ilki Gülhane HattıHümayunu ya da diğer adıyla Tanzimat Fermanı iken Islahat Fermanı da sorunlarıçözmek ve imparatorluğun dağılmasını önlemek adına ortaya atılmış modellerdi. Buçalışmanın amacı sosyolojinin temel araştırma konularından biri olan modernleşmey iOsmanlı İmparatorluğunun yapısal unsurları bağlamında ele almaktır. Çalışmanın temelvarsayımı ise Osmanlı’nın tarihsel süreçte modernleşmeye duyduğu ilginin padişahlarıngirişimleriyle, dönem dönem ve parçalı olduğu yönünd edir. Osmanlı modernleşmesinintarih disiplininin yanı sıra sosyolojik bağlamda ele alınacak olması, bu çalışmay ıliteratürdeki diğer çalışmalardan ayıran ve makaleyi özgün kılan en önemli unsurdur.

Calculus is important in today's mathematics. This paper investigated Taiwanese college students' conceptions of mathematics by permeating mathematical culture in calculus. Forty-three college students who had a major in management participated in this study. A qualitative belief questionnaire, students' in-class reports, and achievement tests were sources used to observe the development of students' conceptions. In the beginning, there were 65.12% of students espousing narrow views, whereas it decreased to 34.88% at the end. Research shows that students with broad conceptions from 15 students increased to 28 students (increased to 86.67%). The research concludes that permeating mathematical culture into calculus teaching will improve students' conceptions of mathematics towards a broader perspective. Based on the findings, we can design a curriculum to stimulate students towards the broader conceptions of mathematics in calculus. We suggest that permeating mathematical culture in calculus teaching is appropriate for encouraging students to hold broader conceptions.

English is a modern language that promotes advancement, reputation, authority, etc. In today's society, every parent wants their children to learn English so they can compete on a global platform. Apart from Hindi, English is used as an official language in India. In Indian schools, colleges, and universities, English is taught as a second language. Although studying this language has several advantages, it is undeniable that teaching and learning English as a second language in India has proven to be challenging for both teachers and students. Due to the use of their native language for communication, students, particularly those in tribal areas, confront major challenges. The main focus of this study was on the difficulties faced by Indian tribal students studying English as a second language. The data for this research was collected through a questionnaire survey, which was administered to a total of 30 students among randomly selected samples. The findings demonstrate that tribal students encountered several difficulties when acquiring the English language.

This study aimed to determine the extent to which learners' learning motivation influences the reading comprehension skills among college students. Anchored on the Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) framework of Guthrie et al. (2004), a descriptive-correlation design was utilized. The study involved 70 respondents and employed standardized survey instruments to assess learning motivation and reading comprehension. Data were analyzed through mean scores, correlation, and regression analysis. Results showed that students demonstrated a high level of motivation and similarly high reading comprehension skills. The correlation analysis also revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between motivation and reading comprehension. Regression analysis confirmed that learning motivation strongly predicted reading comprehension. A regression model was established, confirming that learning motivation is the primary factor contributing to students' reading performance. The model is useful for understanding and enhancing reading comprehension through motivation-centered strategies.

Uma experiência em um país multiétnico A grande comissão da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia (IASD) no tempo do fim é proclamar o evangelho eterno "a toda nação, e tribo, e língua, e povo" (Ap. 12:6). Essa obra global começou timidamente, após o grande desapontamento de 1844, quando surgiu o movimento adventista sabatista, que recebeu a ordem de profetizar "outra vez a muitos povos, e nações, e línguas, e reis" (Ap 10:11). Atualmente os adventistas pregam em 516 idiomas e tem presença em 2012 países, dos 237 reconhecidos pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Além disso, publicam livros e revistas em 331 línguas e dialetos. 1 A alguns anos, participei modestamente de um projeto inesquecível, num país multiétnico. Em 2008 fiz uma das viagens mais emocionantes da vida. Saí de Juazeiro do Norte, no Ceará, rumo a Cochabamba, na Bolívia. Foi minha primeira viagem ao exterior. No trajeto, tive contato com falantes da língua espanhola e de outros idiomas nativos daquele país 2. A Nova Constituição Política do Estado Boliviano 3 , promulgada em 2009, reconhece 36 idiomas oficiais, sendo o espanhol, quéchua, o aymara e o guarani os mais falados pelos 11 milhões de habitantes do país mais indígena da América Latina 4 .

In the digital age, eco-media literacy is critical for addressing the challenges posed by the overwhelming volume of environmental information and the prevalence of misinformation online. This article explores how eco-media literacy, which combines environmental awareness with digital media skills, enables individuals to critically evaluate environmental content on digital platforms. The study highlights the role of social media in shaping public perceptions of climate change, deforestation, and pollution, while also analyzing the spread of misinformation. By examining the framing techniques of mainstream and alternative media, the research underscores the importance of fostering eco-media literacy to combat misinformation and promote sustainable behaviors. Furthermore, the article offers insights into how educational institutions can integrate eco-media literacy into curricula to enhance students' critical thinking skills and engagement with environmental issues. This study provides practical recommendations for educators and policymakers to develop strategies that empower individuals to navigate the complex landscape of environmental information.

In India, the use of different parts of several medicinal plants to cure specific ailments has been in vogue from ancient time. India is a vast country where vide variations in climate, soil, altitude and latitude are available. Nature has bestowed on us a very rich botanical wealth and a large number of diverse types of plant grow wild in different parts of the country. Jhil-mil Jheel is a saucer shaped wetland situated on the left bank of river Ganga in Chiriyapur forest range of Haridwar district. The present study communicates information on medicinally important plat species. Several of the plant species are likely to go under the category of threatened due to over exploitation and habitat destruction.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted the global economy, accelerating e-commerce and online activities while increasing the vulnerability of Information Technology (IT) systems. This paper aims to review the role of bio-inspired algorithms in enhancing cyber-security during the pandemic, addressing an evident research gap in this domain. A systematic review was conducted using data obtained from an online repository with broad coverage, focusing on the period 2020-2022. This timeframe captures the onset, peak, and aftermath of the pandemic. The study analyzed computational systems and applications that incorporated bio-inspired algorithms for security purposes. The review reveals that bio-inspired algorithms were already in use for cyber-security prior to the pandemic, with notable applications in Internet of Things Cyber-Physical Systems (IoT-CPS)-based Trojan detection circuits and network-layer optimization of security settings. However, the pandemic accelerated the need for resilient cyber-security frameworks and highlighted the potential of bio-inspired methods to adapt to rapidly evolving digital threats. Bio-inspired algorithms represent a valuable approach to strengthening cyber-security in times of crisis. Their adaptability and robustness make them suitable for addressing dynamic threats in increasingly interconnected ecosystems. The findings emphasize the need for continuous integration of bio-inspired approaches into cyber-security policies and infrastructures. Doing so can support more resilient digital ecosystems, enhance organizational processes, and promote better work practices in both crisis and post-crisis environments.

Meerut's strategic importance for India's national security stems from its unique blend of geography, history, and evolving defence relevance. Situated within the National Capital Region (NCR), Meerut serves as both a defensive shield and a military logistics hub for the security of New Delhi, the country's political and military hub. The establishment of the cantonment in 1803 and its historic role, beginning with the momentous revolt in 1857, cemented its place in India's defence consciousness. Geostrategically, its proximity to Delhi and frontline states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttarakhand positions it as an important buffer and rear base for both the western and northern fronts. The city's connectivity through highways, railways, and the upcoming Regional Rapid Transit System reinforces its role as a rapid mobilisation node. Industrially, Meerut contributes to the military base workshop, small arms manufacturing, and sports goods industries that have defence linkages, aligning with India's Atmanirbhar Bharat vision. Internally, Meerut supports paramilitary and police preparedness, counterterrorism and riot control, given the sensitivity of western Uttar Pradesh. Emerging opportunities, including integration into the cyber defence grid, smart city initiatives, and the Uttar Pradesh Defence Corridor, add to its contemporary strategic value. Thus, Meerut represents a historically rooted but visionary security hub, indispensable to the level-headed defence and comprehensive regional security architecture of India's capital.

Bu araştırma, dijitalleşmenin küresel mobiliteyi yeniden şekillendirdiği bir dönemde, dijital göçmenlik olgusunu ve göç süreçlerinde yapay zekâ (YZ) kullanımının etkilerini derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dijital göçmenlik, çalışma ve yaşam mekânlarını dijital teknolojiler aracılığıyla esneten ve bireylere coğrafi bağımsızlık sağlayan yeni bir mobilite biçimi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmanın teorik çerçevesi, yeni hareketlilikler paradigması, dijital platform kapitalizmi ve veri etiği tartışmaları üzerine kurulmuştur. Çalışma nitel ağırlıklı bir karma yöntemle yürütülmüş; sistematik literatür taraması, politika dokümanlarının içerik analizi, seçilmiş YZ uygulamalarına ilişkin örnek olay incelemeleri ve 2024–2025 yılları arasında dijital göçmenler ve göç idaresi çalışanlarıyla gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler bir arada değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam 30 dijital göçmen ve beş kamu görevlisinin görüşleri tematik analiz yöntemiyle kodlanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, dijital göçmenlerin bu yaşam tarzını tercih etmelerinin ardında özgürlük ve esneklik arayışı, ekonomik fırsatları değerlendirme, kültürel keşif ve küresel ağlara erişim gibi motivasyonların yattığını göstermiştir. Dijital göçmen vizeleri, katılımcıların mobilitesini kolaylaştırmış ve yerel ekonomilere katkı sağlamış, ancak gelir ve sigorta gibi koşullar nedeniyle eşitsizlikleri derinleştirmiştir. Göç yönetiminde YZ uygulamaları dil tespiti, sahte belge analizi ve başvuru triajı gibi alanlarda işlem hızını artırmış, fakat karar alma süreçlerinin şeffaf olmaması, algoritmik önyargılar ve veri gizliliği konularında ciddi endişelere yol açmıştır. Katılımcılar, otomatik sistemlerin hatalı sınıflandırma yapabildiğini ve itiraz mekanizmalarının yetersiz olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca, dijital göçmenliğin bazı destinasyonlarda gentrifikasyona ve yaşam maliyetlerinin artmasına katkıda bulunduğu, sosyal entegrasyonun sınırlı kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, YZ algoritmalarının şeffaf ve hesap verebilir biçimde tasarlanması, veri gizliliğinin korunması, dijital göçmen vizelerinin erişim kriterlerinin daha kapsayıcı hale getirilmesi ve yerel topluluklarla etkileşimi güçlendirecek sosyal programların geliştirilmesi gibi öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu bulgular, dijital göçmenlik fenomeninin yalnızca bireysel bir yaşam tarzı değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik, kültürel ve etik boyutları olan karmaşık bir süreç olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve gelecekte disiplinlerarası araştırmaların önemine dikkat çekmektedir.

In order to determine the degree of similarity among 'local development trajectories' the paper conducts a preliminary comparative analysis of the development trajectories of the major local systems in the Marche Region in the period 1951-2001. It shows that there have been marked differences among the economic performances of these local systems – with regard to both the rates of change and time profiles of the trajectories. It also shows that there are substantial differences among local systems' economic sub-structures. These findings seem to raise severe doubts as to the scientific correctness of assuming Regions as 'units of analysis'. Moreover, they raise doubts about consideration of Regions as 'units of regulation': indeed, the structures of local systems are so different to require specific development strategies. The results obtained for the Marche Region suggest that the comparative analysis of local systems' economic performances s...

Artikel ini mencoba memetakan bagaimana teori kepemimpinan berubah kalau kita lihat lewat lensa pemikiran feminis. Penulis membagi pemikiran feminis menjadi empat "gelombang" (waves) dan mengaitkannya dengan teori-teori kepemimpinan yang relevan.

Buku ini menghadirkan pemahaman mendalam tentang pentingnya pendidikan yang tidak hanya menekankan aspek intelektual, tetapi juga spiritual dan moral. Melalui kajian yang bersumber dari ajaran Islam, pengalaman historis Rasulullah SAW, hingga tantangan implementasi kurikulum modern, buku ini menegaskan bahwa pembentukan karakter dan spiritualitas adalah fondasi utama dalam mencetak generasi unggul.
Pembaca akan diajak menyelami peran guru, orang tua, dan lingkungan dalam menumbuhkan keimanan, akhlak, serta kepedulian sosial anak didik. Berbagai studi kasus, momen keagamaan, hingga praktik pendidikan kontekstual disajikan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana nilai-nilai agama dapat diintegrasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan dunia pendidikan.
Lebih dari sekadar teori, buku ini menawarkan refleksi dan solusi praktis dalam membangun insan kamil—manusia paripurna yang seimbang antara kecerdasan intelektual, spiritual, dan sosial. Dengan demikian, buku ini menjadi bacaan penting bagi guru, orang tua, mahasiswa, maupun pemerhati pendidikan yang mendambakan lahirnya generasi berkarakter, cerdas, dan peduli terhadap sesama.

Scratch-card lottery is a very popular form of gambling and has addictive potential. • Disordered gambling is often under-recognized although it has serious consequences. • Scratch-card gambling disorder is extremely uncommon. • Psychiatric comorbity is frequent among gamblers. • Approved treatment strategies are lacking, so early recognition of cases is key.

This Activity Report for the Arctic fox conservation project (SEFALO) covers the period July 1 st 1998 through September 30 th 1999. The arctic fox Alopex lagopus is highly endangered within the Community and the aims of this project are to halt its present declining population trend and enhance the chances for the species to increase in numbers, by supplementary feeding and red fox control. We further aim at minimising human disturbance and increasing public awareness of the species' precarious situation through information efforts. At the same time, we introduce and implement coordinated survey methods, and work towards a common Nordic database on the arctic fox, with the aim to identify important areas without protection and to ensure continuation of the conservation effort also after the project, which ends in the year 2002. During the first winter, we surveyed 186 arctic fox dens. Twenty-two of these were inhabited by arctic foxes and 19 were provided with supplementary food. A total of 144 red foxes were eliminated in the control programme. During the summer of 1999, we surveyed 314 arctic fox dens. Only two contained arctic fox litters, and one of these breeding attempts failed early in the season. A total of four red fox litters were found. The project follows the proposed plan in all respects, except a short delay in the production of a Finnish status report and an information brochure. In this Activity Report, the project applies to the Commission to make changes in target areas, according to the enclosed map (Fig. ) and descriptions in Swedish (Table ). These changes will expand the target areas and make better use of available personnel and economic resources. The change will have no negative effects on the arctic foxes or the project. The economic situation is according to plan and there is at this time no need for additional payments from LIFE-Nature.

parte del engranaje de un equipo interdisciplinario que, desde distintas visiones, confl uyen en el propósito de modernizar la gerencia universitaria, con el fi n de dar respuesta efectiva y pertinente a los procesos que acompañan la actividad académica y de investigación en LUZ, conforme lo prevén la

This research study aims to explore the role of digital media in women empowerment in the context of Watson and Hagan's novel Watch Us Rise (2019) by keeping in view Mendes, Ringrose and Keller's work Digital Feminist Activism (2019) as a model framework. This study finds out different ongoing aspects of digital feminism and efforts of young feminist activists for women's rights. Mendes, Ringrose and Keller ( ) claim that young feminist activists are using digital media as a platform to fight against rape culture by using different hashtags. This research study aims to find out different opinions and feelings of feminists regarding digital feminism. In this particular research study, it is described that Watson and Hagan (2019) have also used different hashtags in their work which are labeling Watch Us Rise (2019) a digital feminist text. In order to determine the role of digital media in women empowerment, Watson and Hagan's (2019) work has been analyzed from digital feministic perspective. The findings of the research reveal that digital media is empowering women by providing them digital space and online support.

Ushbu tadqiqot Qashqadaryo viloyati Yakkabogʻ tumanidagi yarimgidromorf tuproqlarning meliorativ holatiga tomchilatib sugʻorish texnologiyasining taʼsirini ifodalaydi. Tadqiqot Yakkabogʻ tumanidagi 34580 gektar sug'oriladigan yerlarda o'tkazildi. Bu yerda yer osti suvlarining sho'rlanish darajasi sezilarli darajada o'zgarib, 1 g/l dan 5 g/l gacha bo'ldi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki, yer osti suvlari sho'rligi 3 g/l dan ortiq bo'lgan hududlarda 4% ga kamaygan va sug'orish suvi samaradorligi 20-30% ga oshgan. Bundan tashqari, ekinlar, xususan, paxta va g'alla hosildorligi o'rtacha 15-20 foizga yaxshilandi, hosildorlik gektariga 1,5 tonnaga oshdi. Bu natijalar huddi shunday yarimgidromorf tuproq sharoitlarda tomchilatib sug'orishni kengaytirish uchun mustahkam asos bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Kalit so'zlar: tomchilatib sugʻorish, hosildorlik, yarimgidromorf tuproq, meliorativ holat, sho'rlanish Abstract This study represents the impact of drip irrigation technology on the meliorative condition of semi-hydromorphic soils in Yakkabog District, Kashkadarya Region. The research was conducted on 34,580 hectares of irrigated land in Yakkabog district. Here, the salinity level of groundwater has changed significantly, from 1 g/l to 5 g/l. The results showed that in areas with groundwater salinity greater than 3 g/l, it decreased by 4% and irrigation water efficiency increased by 20-30%. In addition, the yield of crops, especially cotton and grain, improved by 15-20% on average, the yield increased by 1.5 tons per hectare. These ________________________________________________________________ "Экономика и социум" №12(127) 2024 www.iupr.ru

Ce livre traite du contre-espace public rifain né du Hirak du Rif qui s'est déclenché en octobre 2016 après le broyage de Mouhcine Fikri. Les Rifains, Amazighs du nord du Maroc, sont parvenus à formuler et à formaliser de manière originale leurs revendications, en mobilisant leur région et en suscitant des solidarités dans le pays. Le Hirak constitue un tournant dans l'histoire politique marocaine par son innovation, son autonomie vis-à-vis de l'État et des médiations traditionnelles. Sa non-violence et sa parole publique et critique, ont libéré les subjectivités longtemps écrasées, pour demander une véritable reconnaissance. Le contre-espace public rifain met en avant les expériences morales négatives occultées par les institutions et les discours o ciels, rompant avec la tradition politique établie. Il incarne une réinvention du politique portée par les oubliés et les démunis du présent pour lutter contre la hogra, le mépris, et l'oblitération. En n, le livre met en lumière les stratégies de l'État et des partis pour étouffer ce contre-espace public : mise à l'écart, répression violente, criminalisation, emprisonnement, torture, propagande et diabolisation.                                                                  https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/catalogue/livre/le-hirak-du-rif/80150

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' participation in school-based extracurricular activities. The sample of the study consisted of 309 9-11 th graders from three high schools in Adana. Data were collected through the "Extracurricular Activities Participation Questionnaire" and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, and independent samples t-tests and one-way analyses of variance. Results showed the mean calculated for high school students' participation in school-based extracurricular activities was 1.78. Most of them reported they rarely or never participate in school-based extracurricular activities. While their participation in schoolbased extracurricular activities did not significantly differ on their grade level and performance, it significantly differed on some variables. More than half of them reported extracurricular activities in their schools have no contribution to their development of any kind.

Taste responses and preferences for sweet high-fat foods: Evidence for opioid involvement. PHYSIOL BEHAV 51(2) 371-379, 1992.--Preferences and cravings for sweet high-fat foods observed among obese and bulimic patients may involve the endogenous opioid peptide system. The opioid antagonist naloxone, opioid agonist butorphanol, and saline placebo were administered by intravenous infusion to 14 female binge eaters and 12 normal-weight controls. Eight of the binge eaters were obese. During infusion, the subjects tasted 20 sugar/fat mixtures and were allowed to select and consume snack foods of varying sugar and fat content. Naloxone reduced taste preferences relative to baseline in both binge eaters and controls. Total caloric intake from snacks was significantly reduced by naloxone in binge eaters but not in controls. This reduction was most pronounced for sweet high-fat foods such as cookies or chocolate. No consistent effects on taste preferences or food intakes were observed with butorphanol. Endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in mediating taste responses and preferences for palatable foods, notably those rich in sugar and fat.

Taste responses and preferences for sweet high-fat foods: Evidence for opioid involvement. PHYSIOL BEHAV 51(2) 371-379, 1992.--Preferences and cravings for sweet high-fat foods observed among obese and bulimic patients may involve the endogenous opioid peptide system. The opioid antagonist naloxone, opioid agonist butorphanol, and saline placebo were administered by intravenous infusion to 14 female binge eaters and 12 normal-weight controls. Eight of the binge eaters were obese. During infusion, the subjects tasted 20 sugar/fat mixtures and were allowed to select and consume snack foods of varying sugar and fat content. Naloxone reduced taste preferences relative to baseline in both binge eaters and controls. Total caloric intake from snacks was significantly reduced by naloxone in binge eaters but not in controls. This reduction was most pronounced for sweet high-fat foods such as cookies or chocolate. No consistent effects on taste preferences or food intakes were observed with butorphanol. Endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in mediating taste responses and preferences for palatable foods, notably those rich in sugar and fat.

Le sociologue, historien et théoricien Mike Davis s'est éteint mardi 25 octobre, à l'âge de 76 ans, d'un cancer de l'oesophage qui le rongeait depuis de nombreuses années. Dans la lignée des grands intellectuels qui furent ses maîtres, parmi lesquels il faut citer Friedrich Engels, Walter Benjamin, Antonio Gramsci, Jean-Paul Sartre ou Herbert Marcuse, ainsi que les membres de la New Left Review, c'est la voix de l'un des derniers grands « métromarxistes », ces marxistes qui ont fait de la ville leur terrain d'aventure et de recherche (d'Henri Lefebvre et Guy Debord à David Harvey, en passant par Marshall Berman , Edward Soja ou Andy Merrifield), qui a cessée de résonner.

Öz Sosyal bilimlerin yaklaşık 20. yüzyılın sonu ve 21. yüzyılın başlarında konuları arasında en çok yer alan kavramlardan olan sanayileşme, küreselleşme ve dijitalleşme; günümüz itibarıyla yerlerini bu üç kavramın üçünü de etkin bir şekilde ilgilendiren yapay zekâ kavramına bırakmaktadır. İlk olarak bilişim ve endüstri alanında etkisi hızla görülen yapay zekânın zamanla sağlık, tarım, psikoloji ve ekonomi gibi alanlarda da öngörülenden daha hızlı bir şekilde kullanımı meydana gelmiştir. Elbette her teknolojik atılım özellikle bilişim ve endüstri alanlarında meydana gelen değişimle birlikte sosyal ve kültürel dönüşümlere de kapı aralamıştır. Ancak yapay zekâ alanındaki gelişmelerle bahsedilen değişim ve dönüşümün sosyal ve kültürel etkisinin insanlık tarihinin diğer atılımlarına kıyasla daha tesirli olması, yapay zekânın bugün geldiği noktadan hareketle öngörülmektedir. Özellikle genel yapay zekâya ulaşılmasıyla birlikte artık bireyin birçok alandaki etkisinin azalacağı ve bunun birey, toplum, medeniyet olgularına tesirinin endüstrileşmeden daha farklı olacağı beklenmektedir. Sanayileşmenin ötesinde Endüstri 4.0'ı deneyimleyen ve artık yapay zekâ unsurlarıyla tanışan insanlığın bu tarihî serüveninde maddi kazanımlarının yanı sıra gayri maddi çıktılarını da hesaba katmak, diğer sosyal bilimciler gibi halk bilimcilerin de görevidir. Nitekim her köklü değişim ve dönüşüme özellikle sosyal bilim alanlarından edebiyat disiplini, mahsulleriyle bir reaksiyon göstermiş ve bu mahsuller maddi ürün veya getiri ile kültür arasındaki uyuşmazlık veya uzlaşmayı çözümlemiştir. Ayrıca bu disiplin, değişim sürecindeki kaosu tertipleme ve anlamlandırma misyonunu da yüklenmiştir. Halk biliminin içine aldığı halk edebiyatı okumalarından; insanlığın tarihi akışında teknik getirilerle birlikte iletişim mekanizmalarının ve yollarının değiştiği ancak tabiat-medeniyet, birey-toplum arasındaki çatışmasının ve arayışının hiç değişmediği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu noktada toplumsal çatışmayı dinleyen, anlatan, anlamaya çalışan, aktaran, aktardıkça çeşitlendiren alanlardan birisi olan ve sanayileşme öncesi ve sonrasında kendine yer bulan halk biliminin yapay zekâ çağında da kendisine ne şekilde yer bulacağını ve halk bilimciliğin bu süreçteki fonksiyonunu sorgulamak gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla yapay zekânın halk bilimi ürünlerini üretmesine yönelik çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışma, halk biliminin yapay zekâ dünyasında ne yapacağı üzerine bir sorgulama yürütmektedir. Bu makalede bir yapay zekâ platformu olan ChatGPT'ye de bu bağlamda sorulan sorulardan ve ilgili çalışmalardan hareketle halk biliminin ve halk bilimcinin yapay zekâ çağındaki yeri, misyonu ve önemi tartışılmaktadır.

The paper has addressed the dreadful and chaotic state of contemporary society in form of herdsmen attack, insurgency, banditry, revolutionary tendencies and war; as portrayed by Jean-Paul Sartre in The Reprieve. Our fundamental objectives are to unveil the horrible effects of violence and war in our society and to project the role of literature and national consciousness in national transformation of characters, nation building, emergence of peace and human freedom in the expected new normal world. We have adopted the analytic method. This method has helped us to critically examine and unfold the catastrophic effects of war in The Reprieve. The paper has adopted the theory of existentialism and the socio-psycho critic approach. This approach has helped us to understand and logically unveil the socio-psychological disposition of humanity in terms of war propaganda, the fear of war outbreak, death and lamentations. We have discovered that literature is the instrument that develops national consciousness and national transformation for peaceful coexistence in an ideal society. The paper reveals that in the new normal world human existence is built on ethical values of justice, equity, integrity and prevalent peace.

This paper investigates subnational elites' continuity in politics even though regimes change by analyzing the careers of state legislators in the first democracy (1945-1964) that were able to return or continue in the democratization started in the 1980s. From 1.152 state deputies analyzed, only 146 politicians were able to hold any political office again. Why legislators continued in politics? Utilizing a career approach, the results indicate that positions toward dictatorship were relevant in the 1980s, as those who supported dictatorship had more difficulty than those who were opposed. However, some politicians aligned with the military achieved long careers. Other elements also influenced political trajectories, such political support networks. The analysis contributes to demonstrating the role of political elites in the consolidation of Brazilian democracy by analyzing the trajectory of state deputies in different regimes.

This essay addresses two timeless questions: Why does God allow evil? and Does mankind truly have free will? Scripture reveals that evil is not eternal; it exists only within space-time. All people die once, and after death comes judgment (Hebrews 9:27). The wicked perish, and evil is destroyed in eternity (Matthew 10:28; Revelation 20:15). Yet during life, each person is free to choose between good and evil (Deuteronomy 30:19). That choice ends at death, when God’s holiness prevails. Ironically, evil is permitted now so that love may be freely chosen—ensuring that love, not sin, endures forever in eternity.