Transportation and Logistics

ÖZET İşletmeler günümüz rekabet ortamının çalkantılı doğasında faaliyetlerini sürdürürken, sahip oldukları kıt kaynakları optimum kullanmak zorundadır. Bu durum işletmenin karlılık, verimlilik, etkinlik gibi üst amaçlarına ulaşma sürecinde, kalitenin artırılması, maliyetlerin azaltılması, kapasite kullanımı gibi alt amaçlarının da koordinasyonunu gerekli kılmaktadır. İşletme yöneticileri karar alma sürecinde çoğu zaman birbiriyle çelişen bu alt amaçları bir arada inceleyerek, problemlere daha gerçekçi bir yaklaşım elde edebilirler. Hedef Programlama, karar alma sürecinde yöneticilere birçok amacı bir arada inceleme olanağı tanıyan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemle, işletmelerin karşılaştığı sorunlar daha gerçekçi bir yaklaşımla ele alınabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir un fabrikasında yöneticiler tarafından belirlenen birçok amacı inceleyen bir üretim planlama problemi ele alınmaktadır. Önceliklendirilmiş amaçlar doğrultusunda işletmenin sahip olduğu kıt kaynakların yine işletmenin sahip olduğu kısıtlar çerçevesinde optimum dağıtımının sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Hipotetik verilere dayalı olarak model kurulmuş, WinQSB programı kullanılarak çözüm sonuçlarına ulaşılmış ve sonuçlar karar alma sürecine yön verecek şekilde değerlendirilmiştir.

Giderek artan küreselleŞme baskısı altında, değer zincirinin öğeleri olan tedarik, üretim ve pazarlama gibi  iŞletme fonksiyonları, mekânsal olarak dünya ölçeğine yayılmıŞ ve bu fonksiyonlar arası koordinasyonun sağlanabilmesi,  lojistiğin önemini her geçen gün daha da artırmıŞtır. Bunun sonucu olarak iŞletmelerin maliyet kalemlerinden biri olan lojistik maliyetler,  toplam maliyetlerin büyük bir kısmını oluŞturarak, geliŞmiŞ ülkelerde Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla(GSMH) harcamalarının toplamda % 5-10‟luk kısmına, geliŞmekte olan ülkelerde ise %30‟luk kısmına ulaŞmıŞtır. Lojistik köyler lojistik faaliyetlerin tek bir merkezden ve koordinasyonlu bir Şekilde yapılabilmesine olanak tanıyan merkezler olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalıŞmanın amacı, ülkemizde yeni kurulmakta olan lojistik köylerin, iŞletmelere lojistik maliyetler açından etkilerini ve bu bağlamda iŞletmelere sağladığı maliyet avantajlarını incelemektir. Bu çalıŞmada, lojistik köyler ve maliyetler ile ilgili literatürde yapılan çalıŞmaların  taranmasından sonra, Ankara Lojistik Üssü A.Ş. yetkilileri  ile yapılan yüz yüze görüŞmelerden elde edilen veriler  ıŞığında,  lojistik  köylerin  faaliyete  geçmesiyle  iŞletmeler açısından sağlanacak olan lojistik maliyet avantajları ortaya konulmuŞtur.

The purpose of this study is to put forth the view of companies active in the province of Konya on the subject of sustainability; their existing activities on sustainability and their future expectations and intentions relating to this topic. In line with this, sustainability has been examined from its evaluation as a concept to its preparation as a strategic roadmap, from data collection to its reporting. In conclusion, it was determined that sustainability at the present time was seen as important from the viewpoint of companies in terms of economic factors yet at the same time in terms of its social and environmental dimensions, was considered from the perspective of legal sanctions.

A number of shape features for automatic plant recognition based on digital image processing have been proposed by Pauwels et al. in 2009. Then Silva et al in 2014 have presented database comprises 40 different plant species. We performed in our study a classification process using dataset and artificial neural networks which have been prepared by Silva and et al. It has been determined that classification accuracy is over 92%.

Mixture problem is the problem of obtaining one or more products from by-products having different contents under the required constraints. Mixture problems should be organized in a way to optimize a given objective function. This is generally a cost optimization, fulfilling specific constraints and conditions and this kind of problems mostly solved with linear programming models. Decision makers want to have the solutions for mixture problems under the different scenarios. One of these scenarios is to use the raw materials which have different priorities in the solution. In this study, a new mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model which finds a solution according to high priorities is developed. The priorities are determined according to raw materials availabilities between 1 and 4. The developed model is practiced on a feed mix problem as a mixture problem and the model is coded by object-oriented programming language C#.

Previously in Turkey, there have been no information systems used by buyers and suppliers in the wheat supply process. In general, the supply process has previously been accomplished through personal meetings or through the stock market. After loading their wheat on vehicles, farmers take the wheat to potential buyers (e.g. flour mills, merchants, stock market, Agricultural Products Office [APO]). The buyers evaluate the wheat using laboratory facilities, or by observation, and offer a price to the farmers. If there is a deal, the sale is realized. If there is no deal, the farmers take the wheat to other potential buyers and follow the same process again. This leads to unnecessary transportation, and an unnecessary increase in costs. This study proposes a wheat supply e-governance system to eliminate unnecessary transportation, and create a new communication channel between buyers (flour mills as the end buyers) and suppliers (farmers). This system will enable a reduction in the length of the supply chain, building faster communication between the members of the supply network, and will reduce the costs of buying and carrying wheat. In addition, the agricultural consultancy system will be operated more effectively, and farmers will be able to learn about their own analysis results from the system.

Large-scale feed factories may have multiple production and storage facilities. Any production facility uses its own available raw materials while performing feed formulation. However, ensuring a reasonable cost is achieved, and the desired quality criteria are met, may require obtaining a certain amount of raw material from other facilities. Selecting a specific amount of raw materials among many raw materials in different facilities requires many combinations to be tried out. Providing solutions, especially when there is a large amount of the raw material, may be costly and take more time. A new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that specifies the type of material and the amount of the material to be selected from external facilities has been proposed in this study. When deterministic methods like MILP are used, only one solution result is obtained. However, when the decision-maker would like to see alternative results, solution constraints can be mitigated and a solution provided within the same or similar time. A new method named hybrid-linear binary PSO (H-LBP) has been proposed in this study for the problems that the decision-maker had limited time for and for which the solution results were required in a shorter time. Continuous particle swarm optimization, which works as a hybrid with linear programming, has been used in this method. The new model proposed in this study was tested on the mixed feeds for sheep, cattle and rabbit species by using both MILP and the proposed H-LBP methods. Raw materials determined by the model were added to the mixture, and the cost in each of the three species was observed to go down. In addition, different alternative solutions at reasonable cost and similar quality were presented to the producer/decision-maker in a shorter time.

Recently, many Computational-Intelligence algorithms have been proposed for solving continuous problem. The Differential Search Algorithm (DSA), a computational-intelligence based algorithm inspired by the migration movements of superorganisms, is developed to solve continuous problems. However, DSA proposed for solving problems with continuous search space proposed for solving should be modified for solving binary structured problems. When the DSA is intended for use in binary problems, continuous variables need to be converted into binary format due to solution space structure of this type of problem. In this study, the DSA is modified to solve binary optimization problems by using a conversion approach from continuous values to binary values. The new algorithm has been designated as the binary DSA or BDSA for short. First, when finding donors with the BDSA, four search methods (Bijective, Surjective, Elitist1 and Elitist2) with different iteration numbers are used and tested on 15 UFLP benchmark problems. The Elitist2 approach, which provides the best solution of the four methods, is used in the BDSA, and the results are compared with Continuous Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO), Continuous Artificial Bee Colony (ABC bin , Improved Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (IBPSO), Binary Artificial Bee Colony (binABC) and Discrete Artificial Bee Colony (DisABC) algorithms using UFLP benchmark problems. Results from the tests and comparisons show that the BDSA is fast, effective and robust for binary optimization.

Job shadowing is defined as the training given at the place where the job is actually performed in the company or outside the company. This training model, which has been successfully applied for many years as internship in medical faculties of universities, has been applied in engineering and other faculties in recent years. In the system applied as job shadowing or 7 + 1 education model, the students are employed in the companies according to their fields of study for 1 semester and they transform their theoretical knowledges into practical skills. On the other hand, job shadowing has many benefits like university-industry cooperation, creating resources for companies to provide labor etc. The aim of this study is to determine the satisfaction level of logistics students from job shadowing. For this purpose, the first questionnaire before job shadowing and the last questionnaire after job shadowing were applied to the students who gets job shadowing in Transportation and Logistics Deparment of Necmettin Erbakan University in the 2018-2019 academic year face to face. The questionnaires of 71 students were evaluated. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the first and last questionnaires of the students and their expectations from job shadowing were met. Expectations of students who do job shadowing in 3rd party logistics companies are higher than those of other companies engaged in logistics activities.

In this study, it is investigated whether there is a significant difference between the attitudes and purchasing behavior of the students taking and not taking green and reverse logistics course. The sample of the study consists of students studying at the Department of Transportation and Logistics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University in 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was applied to the students who took Green and Reverse Logistics courses. It was investigated whether there was a significant difference between the attitudes and the purchasing behavior of the students taking and not taking this course towards green products. As a result of the research, a significant difference was found in the attitudes of the students who took the green and reverse logistics course and the students who did not take the course towards the recycled products. Students who take the green and reverse logistics course are more moderate about recycled products and are interested in purchasing. One of the factors of this is the recycling issue in the course content and the contribution of recycled products to the environment. As a result of the research questions on green purchasing behavior which is another dimension of the research, no significant difference was observed between the students taking and not taking the course. Green purchasing behavior comes to the forefront with more material elements than environmental awareness. With the expression among the questionnaire questions "I take into account the price factor", it was seen that the majority of the participants are looking at the price rather than the environmental impact of the products.

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki büyükşehirlerin 2010 ve 2019 yıllarına ait karayolu ulaşımından (bireysel seyahatler+yolcu ve yük
taşımacılığı) kaynaklı sera gazı emisyon miktarları IPCC tarafından geliştirilen Tier 1 yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre 30 büyükşehirde 2010 yılında toplam sera gazı emisyon miktarı 43.403 Gg CO2 eşdeğer(e.) iken, 2019 yılında artarak
70.271 Gg CO2e. ulaşmıştır. 2010-2019 yılları arasında toplam sera gazı emisyon miktarı %61,90 oranında artış göstermiştir. Toplam
sera gazı emisyon miktarında İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, kişi başına düşen sera gazı emisyon miktarında Denizli, Mersin, Muğla, araç
başına düşen sera gazı emisyon miktarında Mardin, Kocaeli, Diyarbakır, km2
’ye düşen sera gazı emisyon miktarında ise İstanbul,
Kocaeli, İzmir şehirleri ilk 3 sırada yer almaktadır. Hem 2010 hem de 2019 yılında İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Bursa, Mersin, Antalya,
Konya ve Kocaeli ortalama emisyon miktarının üstünde değerlere sahiptir. Bu şehirlerde alınacak öncelikli önlemler ile ülkemizin
karayolu kaynaklı emisyon miktarı önemli oranda düşürülebilecektir. Diğer taraftan Mardin, Van ve Şanlıurfa gibi doğu bölgemizdeki
şehirlerde emisyon artış hızı diğer şehirlere göre çok daha yüksektir. Çalışmada büyükşehirler alternatif taşıma seçenekleri ve alt
yapılara göre de karşılaştırılmış ve demiryolu hariç diğer seçeneklerin emisyon artış hızını azaltmada etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir
In this study, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport belonging to the metropolis in Turkey in 2010 and 2019
were calculated using the Tier 1 method developed by the IPCC. According to the results, while the total amount of greenhouse gas
emissions in 30 metropolitan cities in 2010 was 43,403 Gg CO2 equivalent, it increased in 2019 and reached 70, 271 Gg CO2 equivalent.
Between 2010 and 2019, the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions increased by 61.90%. The cities of Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir in
total greenhouse gas emissions, Denizli, Mersin, Muğla in terms of greenhouse gas emissions per capita, Mardin, Kocaeli, Diyarbakır
in terms of greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle, and Istanbul, Kocaeli and İzmir in terms of greenhouse gas emissions per km2
. are
in the top 3 places. Both in 2010 and 2019, Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa, Mersin, Antalya, Konya and Kocaeli have values above the
average emission amount. With priority measures to be taken in these cities, the total amount of emissions in our country can be
reduced significantly. On the other hand, in cities in our eastern region such as Mardin, Van and Şanlıurfa, the speed of increase in
emissions is much higher than that of other cities. In the study, metropolitan cities were compared according to alternative
transportation options and infrastructures and it was determined that other options, except rail, were effective in reducing the emission
rate

Bu çalışmada, Konya ilinde faaliyet gösteren "Dondurmam Gaymak" markalı dondurmaların şehir içi dağıtımını gerçekleştiren özel bir şirketten alınan gerçek veriler ışığında gezgin satıcı problemi ele alınmıştır. Haritacılıkta kullanılan yer küre üzerinde herhangi bir konumun koordinatlarını belirleme araçlarından biri olan el gps'i yardımıyla, şirket müşterilerinin konumları bulunmuştur. Netcad programı aracılığı ile konum bilgileri GoogleEarth programına taşınmış ve konumlar arasındaki gerçek mesafeler tespit edilmiştir. Taşıma maliyetlerini minimum yapacak olan rota WinQsb programı aracılığı ile belirlenmiş, şirketin satış gücü tarafından daha önceden kullanılan rota ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yeni rotanın kullanılması ile işletmenin sağlayacağı avantajlar değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Giderek artan kuresellesme baskisi altinda, deger zincirinin ogeleri olan tedarik, uretim ve pazarlama gibi isletme fonksiyonlari, mekânsal olarak dunya olcegine yayilmis ve bu fonksiyonlar arasi koordinasyonun saglanabilmesi, lojistigin onemini her gecen gun daha da artirmistir. Bunun sonucu olarak isletmelerin maliyet kalemlerinden biri olan lojistik maliyetler, toplam maliyetlerin buyuk bir kismini olusturarak, gelismis ulkelerde Gayri Safi Milli Hasila(GSMH) harcamalarinin toplamda % 5-10‟luk kismina, gelismekte olan ulkelerde ise %30‟luk kismina ulasmistir. Lojistik koyler lojistik faaliyetlerin tek bir merkezden ve koordinasyonlu bir sekilde yapilabilmesine olanak taniyan merkezler olarak gorulmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, ulkemizde yeni kurulmakta olan lojistik koylerin, isletmelere lojistik maliyetler acindan etkilerini ve bu baglamda isletmelere sagladigi maliyet avantajlarini incelemektir. Bu calismada, lojistik koyler ve maliyetler ile ilgili literaturde yapilan calismal...

Isletmeler gunumuz rekabet ortaminin calkantili dogasinda faaliyetlerini surdururken, sahip olduklari kit kaynaklari optimum kullanmak zorundadir. Bu durum isletmenin karlilik, verimlilik, etkinlik gibi ust amaclarina ulasma surecinde, kalitenin artirilmasi, maliyetlerin azaltilmasi, kapasite kullanimi gibi alt amaclarinin da koordinasyonunu gerekli kilmaktadir. Isletme yoneticileri karar alma surecinde cogu zaman birbiriyle celisen bu alt amaclari bir arada inceleyerek, problemlere daha gercekci bir yaklasim elde edebilirler. Hedef Programlama, karar alma surecinde yoneticilere bircok amaci bir arada inceleme olanagi taniyan bir yontemdir. Bu yontemle, isletmelerin karsilastigi sorunlar daha gercekci bir yaklasimla ele alinabilmektedir. Bu calismada, bir un fabrikasinda yoneticiler tarafindan belirlenen bircok amaci inceleyen bir uretim planlama problemi ele alinmaktadir. Onceliklendirilmis amaclar dogrultusunda isletmenin sahip oldugu kit kaynaklarin yine isletmenin sahip oldugu k...

Kuresellesme ve sanayilesme sonucu artan ticaret hacmi ve insan hareketliliginin sebep oldugu tasimacilik faaliyeti, ekonomik ve sosyal acidan toplumlarin gelismesine katki saglamakta, bununla birlikte cevresel bakimdan dunya ekosistemini tehdit eden sera gazi emisyonlarina kaynaklik etmektedir. Bu calismada, sera gazi emisyonlarinin dunyada ve Turkiye’deki durumu degerlendirilerek, karayolu yuk ve yolcu tasimaciliginin soz konusu emisyonlar uzerindeki etkisi ve yillar itibariyle seyri ortaya konulmustur. Sonrasinda ise daha mikro olcekte Konya ilinin 2010-2018 donemi karayolu yuk ve yolcu tasimaciligindan kaynakli sera gazi emisyonu IPCC tarafindan onerilen hesaplama yontemlerinden Tier 1 kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Soz konusu hesaplama yontemi icin gerekli yakit tuketim miktarlari EPDK tarafindan yayinlanan yillik sektor raporlarindan elde edilmistir. Yapilan hesaplamalar, il bazindaki karayolu yuk ve yolcu tasimaciligindan kaynakli sera gazi emisyonunun toplamda 2010 yilindan 20...