Figure 13 – uploaded by Ignacio Javier Gil Crespo

See full PDF downloadDownload figure

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet athttp://dnb.dnb.de. — Figure 13 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet athttp://dnb.dnb.de.

Related Figures (12)

Figure 1. Arrangement of bricks in three different types of vaults. Top, ordinary vault, with brick faces pointing to the axis of the vault. Middle, timbrel vault, with brick faces parallel to the axis. Below, the topic of this paper, vault by slices, with brick faces orthogonal or oblique to the axis of the vault. (L6pez-Mozo et al. 2022). Introduction vault. The ensemble has been surveyed using 3D laser scanning and Structure from Motion photogrammetry. While the general layout and the execution of the stone arches and ribs are acceptably precise, the geometry of the severies and vaults by slices does not follow a precise geometrical model, suggesting that neither formwork nor specific formal control instruments were used. This may be justified by the need to build the castle and the church quicky, to secure an important stronghold in the Cérdoba-Toledo route in the aftermath of the decisive victory of the armies of Castile, Aragon and Navarre in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

The church of the castle-convent of Calatrava la Nueva, in Central Spain, built in 1220-1240, holds a remarkable ensemble of brick vaults by slices, including quadripartite and semi-polygonal rib vaults with brick severies, sail vaults and quarter-of-sphere vaults (Figures 25). Its importance is underlined by the fact that it seems to be the main focus of the spread of this technique in other castles and buildings of the military orders in the south-central territories of Spain. Thus, it offers an outstanding opportunity to deepen our knowledge about this construction technique. Figure 3. Church in Calatrava la Nueva. Measured vault plan prepared by means of 3D laser scanning. (Image by the authors) This camera, kind of scanner uses a High Dynamic Range (HDR) which is quite versatile; however, HDR leads to low contrast, at least when compared with ordinary digital photogra phs. In order to side-step this limitation, two additional surveys of a rib vault in the aisles and a sail vault in the side chapel have been prepared, using Structure from Motion p is quite c hotogrammetry (SfM). As an additional benefit, Sf{M onvenient when focusing on particular details of the construction, using a moderately long lens. For this task, a Nikon Z7 camera, mounted on a photographic tripod, and a 24-70 f/4 S lens, have been used, taking 181 photographs

Figure 2. Church in the castle-convent of Calatrava la Nueva. Vaults in the nave. (Image by the authors).

Figure 4. Church in Calatrava la Nueva. Cross-section (Image by the authors).

Figure 5. Church in Calatrava la Nueva. Longitudinal section (Image by the authors).

Figure 6. Church of Calatrava la Nueva. Plan of a rib vault in the aisles. (Image by the authors).

Figure 8. Church of Calatrava la Nueva. Oblique section drawn through the plane of the ribs of a vault in the aisles, showing their profile (Image by the authors).

Figure 7. Church in Calatrava la Nueva. Longitudinal section of a rib vault in the aisles. (Image by the authors).

Figure 11. Church of Calatrava la Nueva. Plan of a sail vault in the side chapels. (Image by the authors).

Figure 9. Church of Calatrava la Nueva. Slice directrixes drawn over a 3D model of the vault. (Image by the authors).

Figure 10. Church of Calatrava la Nueva. Section of the slice directrixes in a severy of a rib vault in the aisles, with circles fitted to them by least squares. (Image by the authors).

Figure 12. Top, longitudinal section of the slice directrixes in a sail vault in the side chapels, with circles fitted to them by least squares. Middle, cross-section of the slice directrixes. Below, conceptual scheme showing a hypothesis about the shape and the slope of the slices in the sail vault in the side chapels in the church of Calatrava la Nueva. (Image by the authors).