Urban management

This article examines the conditions for the success of Territorial Healthcare Groups (GSTs) in Morocco, an innovative initiative aimed at decentralizing and integrating healthcare services. Drawing on public management, governance theories, and the Triple Aim framework, the study explores the levers for effective territorial governance. The methodology combines a literature review, a comparative analysis of healthcare reforms in Canada, Spain, and France, and an examination of Moroccan legislative texts (BO 7151, 7213) and institutional reports (WHO, HCP). The findings highlight key success factors: territorialization based on population needs, effective local autonomy, management tools such as dashboards and contractual agreements, and strengthened managerial capacities, despite challenges posed by historical centralization and regional disparities. The article advocates for agile, multi-level governance that promotes coordination, accountability, and experimentation. Further empirical research, particularly on the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima pilot, is essential to assess the GSTs' impact on equity and healthcare service performance.

The study examines the Spatial Pattern and Distribution of Crime in Suleja LGA, Niger State, Nigeria. The study used GIS and statistical methods to analyse the pattern and distribution of crime incidence in the study area. The records of each crime incidence were geocoded. Microsoft Excel was used to collate and organise the crime entries before they were imported into the ArcGIS Pro 2.0 environment. A geodatabase was created where the spatial and aspatial data were encoded and geospatial analysis was performed. The study reveals that the crime distribution pattern is generally clustered with a Global Moran's I index of 0.097, a Z-score of 1.87, and a P-value < 0.06. Furthermore, the study reveals that armed robbery (61), kidnapping (40), car theft (33), culpable homicide (31), rape (29), and robbery (13) cases rank the highest in crime rate. Equally, findings of the study show that Chaza, Kwamba, Madalla, Suleja central, and Gaboda are the major crime hotspot zones at 90% confidence, as analysed using the Getis-Ord Gi* (Hot spot analysis) spatial statistics tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.0. The research therefore recommends that more effort be put into fighting crime, especially in areas where there are low-security formations, as they mostly have the highest record of crimes committed. Also, the patrol units should be equipped with GPS for better surveillance and real-time tracking of criminal activities.

Εισήγηση στο πανελλήνιο επιστημονικό συνέδριο «Λήμνος και Πολιτιστικός Τουρισμός: Μια ειδική ματιά στις προοπτικές ανάπτυξης της εναλλακτικής κατηγορίας τουρισμού για τη Λήμνο, το Βόρειο Αιγαίο και την Ελλάδα», Βάρος, Λήμνος: Σύλλογος «Οι Φίλοι των ΑNZAC από τη Λήμνο» (“The Lemnos’ Friends of ANZAC” Association), 28-30 Ιουνίου 2024.

Un común denominador de los problemas de las ciudades contemporáneas es la concepción de grandes proyectos urbanos que responden a un entorno físico que necesita transformarse, pero que casi siempre no reconoce las verdaderas necesidades de la comunidad.
El objetivo del artículo es revisar alternativas y estrategias para ejecutar transformaciones urbanas que sean ágiles y que democraticen la participación de usuarios y habitantes, permitiendo ciudades incluyentes y accesibles, con una visión de sostenibilidad. Experiencias previas de trabajo sobre este tema nos permiten afirmar que un proyecto de participación ciudadana fracasa fundamentalmente por dos motivos. El primero, la falta de coordinación de los tres grandes actores responsables (sector público, sector privado y ciudadanía), derivado de una falta de comunicación y una despreocupación por la participación de cada actor en su tiempo de acción. El segundo, por procesos de larga duración sin objetivos claros, que derivan en una pérdida del horizonte de materialización de los proyectos. Ambos motivos se vinculan, además, a una débil gestión por parte del sector público, en su misión de articular los encuentros entre los actores, y el correcto cumplimiento de las metas y sus tiempos asociados. ¿Cómo superar estas dificultades para hacer posible el codiseño los espacios urbanos? A partir del caso de Renovación Eje Alameda-Providencia en Santiago, se aspira a conocer cómo nuevas formas de participación pueden materializar soluciones para el ciudadano que requiere ser vinculado en la construcción del espacio en el que se desenvuelve diariamente.

13 programas, 45% del total 9 programas, 31% del total 3 programas, 10% del total Fuente: Elaboración propia. Dentro de los 29 programas estudiados, 25 de ellos (86% del total) representan uno de los tres tipos descritos. Con el fin de llegar a los objetivos del presente trabajo, se ha realizado un análisis comparativo de tres casos de implementación de la Iniciativa Comunitaria URBAN en España, escogiendo un caso concreto de cada tipo. La selección final de los Programas URBAN-MADRID, URBAN-TOLEDO y URBAN-LANGREO ha sido realizada según dos criterios técnicos: • un programa por cada categoría del tamaño de la ciudad (Cuadro 4), • disponibilidad y acceso a las fuentes de investigación.

13 programas, 45% del total 9 programas, 31% del total 3 programas, 10% del total Fuente: Elaboración propia. Dentro de los 29 programas estudiados, 25 de ellos (86% del total) representan uno de los tres tipos descritos. Con el fin de llegar a los objetivos del presente trabajo, se ha realizado un análisis comparativo de tres casos de implementación de la Iniciativa Comunitaria URBAN en España, escogiendo un caso concreto de cada tipo. La selección final de los Programas URBAN-MADRID, URBAN-TOLEDO y URBAN-LANGREO ha sido realizada según dos criterios técnicos: • un programa por cada categoría del tamaño de la ciudad (Cuadro 4), • disponibilidad y acceso a las fuentes de investigación.

Urban areas widely acknowledge land use policy as a primary strategic planning tool for urban areas, significantly influencing changing climates. Simultaneously, urban agriculture (UA) has surfaced and gained recognition as a highly effective mitigation strategy. Food systems, food security, and urban agriculture are not yet well positioned in Qatar's land use policy despite existing vulnerability to food imports and climate change. To cope with the rapid pace of development, land use planners are under pressure to deliver quick results, with little time and resources available to fill in various data gaps surrounding UA. This study aims to facilitate changes in land use policy to integrate UA as a permitted land use that acts as a mitigation strategy for climate change in developed urban areas in Doha Municipality. A low-rise mixed-use residential neighbourhood, Onaiza, which represents the typical urban form of suburban Doha is a developed urban area along Qatar's western coast and was selected as the case study. A thorough literature review, examination of successful case studies, and expert interviews determine the challenges and potentials of UA as a permitted land use policy. The design proposal considers the optimal implementation of land use policy amendments, incorporating urban planning simulations, subsidies, and other incentives. This study provides a practical approach for policymakers and urban planners in coastal cities to address the challenges of climate change and facilitate the incorporation of urban agriculture as a viable and sustainable land use option in the development plans, zoning regulations, and urban design guidelines, promoting its mainstreaming into urban planning practice.

The study examined the effects of market segmentation strategy on organization's competitive advantage in RC-COLA Agbara Lagos State, Nigeria. The specific objective was to determine how market segmentation strategy creates advantage for RC-COLA Agbara Lagos State. This was accompanied by tested hypothesis to determine the relationship between the two variables. Survey research design was used to gather data from the studied population. The study population consists of 274 management staff of carbonated cola soft drinks in Lagos State as provided by the Human Resource department of the organisations. A sample of 163 respondents was determined through Taro Yamane formula. Data were collected through structured questionnaire which was accompanied with likert scale; the research instrument was validated through face and content validity while Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was employed for reliability. Data collected was tested using linear regression analysis. Findings from the first hypothesis showed that market segmentation strategy (β = 0.436, p< 0.05) has significant effect on profitability. Also, hypothesis two revealed that the market segmentation strategy (β = 0.872, p< 0.05) is significant by influencing productivity of the firm. This study concluded that market segmentation strategy has significant effect on organizational competitive advantage. Based on the findings, the study recommended that, organisation should prioritize and allocate resources to the most profitable market segments. Also, organization should implement dynamic segmentation strategies and continually adapting them to evolving market trends will allow companies to stay competitive.

Economic challenges in developing Asian countries have become more complex: urban populations are growing at great cost to the environment, climate change has increased risks of natural disasters, and income gaps within and between developing countries are widening. These factors threaten the sustainable growth and development of urban areas, the drivers of Asia&#39;s economy. A strategic approach for inclusive growth is needed. The City Cluster Economic Development approach provides a strategic framework and a set of analytical tools, which governments, businesses, and communities can use to support the inclusive and sustainable development of competitive urban economies in Asia. Said approach was developed and tested by the Asian Development Bank to improve the basis for integrated planning and development of urban regions in Asia and the Pacific. It also helps urban managers and other city stakeholders identify action plans and determine priority investment areas.

Ao amigo Elton Freitas, certamente futuro laureado com o Prêmio Nobel de Economia, por dividir e tornar mais divertida a labuta cotidiana, pelas (eternas) discussões diárias, pelas valiosas dicas de um jovem-veterano da empreitada acadêmica e, por que não, da vida. Ao meu irmão Lucas, por dividir comigo, desde que me entendo por gente, as alegrias, as angústias e os prazeres da vida, assim como o espírito crítico, o ceticismo e, mais recentemente, as aspirações políticas de mudança do status quo. Ao meu pai, Mauro, pelo exemplo de que a vida pode ser leve e bem-humorada na maior parte do tempo, mas séria quando necessário. À minha mãe, Rosali, pelo exemplo de firmeza, de dedicação e de incansável combatividade misteriosamente aliadas à ternura e à complacência. Nunca hei de compreendê-los, simplesmente porque não estão aí para serem compreendidos, apenas para amar e serem amados. Aos amigos de sempre, incluídos aqui os demais familiares, em especial Vó Elza, Tia Vanessa e Tia Rosária, pela compreensão, pelo apoio incondicional. "Queremos daqui tirar uma lição: que não basta ficar à espera e almejar. Importa fazer algo mais. É necessário lançar-se ao trabalho e respondercomo homem e de um modo profissional à 'exigência de cada dia'. Mas isto é simples e singelo, se cada qual encontrar o demônio que segura os cordelinhos da sua vida e lhe prestar obediência." Max Weber -A Ciência Como Vocação "As ciências naturais podem ser perdoadas por sua ingênua objetividade em razão de sua produtividade. Mas essa tolerância não pode ter vez no domínio social, onde premissas epistemológicas errôneas passam a ser um fenômeno criptopolíticoquer dizer, uma dimensão normativa disfarçada imposta pela configuração de poder estabelecida." Alberto Guerreiro Ramos -A Nova Ciência das Organizações "Disse que o mineiro não crê demasiado na ação objetiva; mas, com isso, não se anula. Só que mineiro não se move de graça. Ele permanece e conserva. Ele espia, indaga, protela ou palia, se sopita, tolera, remancheia, perrengueia, sorri, escapole, se retarda, faz véspera, tempera, cala a boca, matuta, destorce, engambela, pauteia, se prepara. Mas, sendo a vez, sendo a hora, Minas entende, atende, toma tento, avança, peleja e faz. Sempre assim foi. Ares e modos. Assim seja." João Guimarães Rosa -Aí está Minas: a mineiridade RESUMO O imperativo da gestão através das fronteiras organizacionais é indissociável da implementação de políticas públicas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, particularmente quando se considera a pesquisa no âmbito da área de saúde. A complexidade do ambiente institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro, que conta com uma diversidade de atores (governamentais e não-governamentais) e respectivos interesses, se reflete no ambiente da pesquisa nacional em saúde. A colaboração entre tais atores torna-se, portanto, elementochave para o alcance dos resultados de uma política pública que visa à descentralização e ao aproveitamento regional dos resultados da pesquisa em saúde. Partindo dessas asserções, a presente pesquisa analisa, de forma qualitativa e fundamentada em um modelo teórico disponível na literatura a respeito do tema, como se dá a governança colaborativa no âmbito da implementação do Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: Gestão Compartilhada em Saúde (PPSUS), em três estados brasileiros. Conclui que o processo de governança colaborativa no âmbito do PPSUS nos três estados analisados ocorre de maneira incompleta, devido ao fato de que alguns elementos do modelo teórico não se verificam no caso analisado. Conclui ainda que, apesar do desenho colaborativo do programa e da existência de decisões conjuntas, a implementação das ações encontra-se limitada pelos recursos, conhecimentos e processos disponíveis em cada organização participante, ou seja, que esses elementos influenciam fortemente o processo colaborativo, constatação a partir da qual se propõe incluir no modelo uma categoria denominada capacidade de gestão intraorganizacional. Palavras-chave: Governança Colaborativa. Política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Programa Pesquisa para o SUS.

O imperativo da gestao atraves das fronteiras organizacionais e indissociavel da implementacao de politicas publicas de ciencia, tecnologia e inovacao, particularmente quando se considera a pesquisa no âmbito da area de saude. A complexidade do ambiente institucional do Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS) brasileiro, que conta com uma diversidade de atores (governamentais e nao-governamentais) e respectivos interesses, se reflete no ambiente da pesquisa nacional em saude. A colaboracao entre tais atores torna-se, portanto, elemento-chave para o alcance dos resultados de uma politica publica que visa a descentralizacao e ao aproveitamento regional dos resultados da pesquisa em saude. Partindo dessas assercoes, a presente pesquisa analisa, de forma qualitativa e fundamentada em um modelo teorico disponivel na literatura a respeito do tema, como se da a governanca colaborativa no âmbito da implementacao do Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: Gestao Compartilhada em Saude (PPSUS), em tres estados br...

Purpose: This study investigates the integration of smart city strategies and livability principles to develop sustainable residential districts that address the challenges of urbanization, such as environmental degradation, insufficient infrastructure, and declining social cohesion. Methodology: The research employs a mixed-method approach comprising theoretical analysis, empirical case study evaluations (e.g., Songdo, Masdar City, Msheireb Downtown Doha), and expert surveys. It identifies critical indicators of livability and sustainability, focusing on district-level smart city strategies. Findings: Through a comparative analysis of smart city projects at both city-wide and district scales, the study reveals that transitioning from city-wide smart initiatives to medium-sized residential districts enhances social sustainability and quality of life. It prioritizes factors such as healthcare, green mobility, public safety, and community engagement, while also addressing the shortcomings of existing "ghost city" phenomena. The findings provide a comprehensive approach to evaluating and directing the creation of smart and livable districts. This approach is a comprehensive integration of the indicators for both smart and livable districts, to be a base for creating a smart livable system for urban planners, policymakers, and stakeholders to implement smart district strategies that promote inclusivity, environmental sustainability, and livability. The findings provide stakeholders, legislators, and urban planners practical recommendations for putting smart district policies that support liveability, inclusivity, and environmental sustainability into practice. In order to create sustainable and well-rounded urban settings, these findings highlight the significance of implementing a comprehensive strategy that incorporates both intelligent infrastructure and liveability outcomes. The framework provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating and directing the creation of smart and livable districts. Novelty: This research bridges the gap between technology-driven smart cities and human-centered urban planning by introducing a holistic framework for creating socially vibrant, ecologically sound, and technologically advanced residential districts.

The integration of physical models with real-time digital evaluation and feedback enhances urban planning and design. City-Pixel operates by using 3D-printed pixels equipped with RFID tags and Arduino microcontrollers to represent urban elements. These pixels are placed on a grid mat, allowing real-time capture of their positions. The system then processes this data through software to perform various urban analyses. This novel method integrates physical representations of the built environment with sophisticated digital technology, enabling data-informed decision-making and improving collaboration among stakeholders. This paper examines City-Pixel, an innovative method that seamlessly integrates physical and digital components in architectural and urban design. The aim is to assess the tool's potential benefits, limitations, and transformative capacity to alter conventional design processes through instantaneous analysis and feedback on an actual built environment. The study analyzes this innovative design method and its unique capability of seamlessly integrating hardware and software components, exploring a complex technological framework that facilitates seamless interaction between physical and digital aspects. Defined assessment criteria, encompassing usability, real-time responsiveness, and design flexibility, are established to evaluate the tool's efficacy. The study clarifies the software design of City-Pixel, revealing its foundational architecture, algorithms, and user interfaces. The physical representation of the new method is meticulously examined, encompassing its manufacturing process, utilizing materials, fabrication techniques, and assembly sequence. City-Pixel enables thorough geographical analysis by integrating current technology, hence improving informed decision-making and planning. Its ability to deliver real-time data and feedback improves stakeholder collaboration, bridging gaps and fostering sustainable, efficient urban development. The implementation of this new method has significant implications for architecture and urban design. City-Pixel introduces an innovative methodology in architectural and urban design by effectively integrating physical and digital domains. Its revolutionary methodology provides a comprehensive platform for real-time assessment of urban environments, promoting data-driven decision-making and collaborative design processes, so revolutionizing the future of urban planning and development.

Moron, pelas lições, orientações, incentivos e pela grande oportunidade de realizar um intercâmbio com Center for Technology in Government da Universidade de Albany. À minha esposa pela sua compreensão, paciência e incentivo. Ao meu filho que, somente com 1 ano 9 meses, me confortou com a sua alegria contagiante nos momentos de cansaço dessa trajetória. À minha família, por me incentivarem nesta caminhada e pela compreensão nos momentos de ausência. Aos amigos e colegas da EMATER/RS pela amizade e pela compreensão nos momentos de ausência, onde a prioridade foi a qualificação profissional. Dr. Eder Henriqson e Dr a . Edimara Mezzomo Luciano pelas contribuições no projeto dessa pesquisa. Aos colegas de jornadas, mestrandos, alguns já mestres, outros futuros doutores, pelo compartilhamento dos seus conhecimentos que tinham origem nas variadas áreas da administração e experiências de vida. À PUCRS e à CAPES pela bolsa concedida que possibilitou que eu cursasse o mestrado. Aos profissionais que integram o CEIC pela atenção e disponibilidade na coleta de dados. Por fim, a todos que colaboram e contribuíram nessa jornada. Seja qual for o seu sonho, comece. Ousadia tem genialidade, poder e magia. Johann Goethe. Diante do crescimento populacional e dos crescentes problemas de urbanização surge a necessidade de busca de soluções criativas para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, as quais, muitas vezes, são apoiadas pelo uso de tecnologia: assim surgem as iniciativas de smart city. É dentro deste contexto que o presente estudo pretende contribuir, buscando analisar uma iniciativa de smart city, identificar os desafios e fatores de sucesso de sua implantação, contribuindo, destarte, com a descrição do fenômeno no cenário brasileiro. A iniciativa escolhida foi a implantação do Centro Integrado de Comando (CEIC) da cidade de Porto Alegre, por tratar-se de uma integração de serviços através da utilização da tecnologia. Assim, este estudo busca responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: como está ocorrendo a implantação do CEIC em Porto Alegre? Para respondê-la, foi utilizado o Framework Integrativo de Iniciativas de Smart Cities de Chourabi et al. (2012). Visando um melhor entendimento do fenômeno em estudo, buscou-se utilizar uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como método o estudo de caso. O levantamento dos dados ocorreu através de entrevistas semiestruturadas em diversos níveis organizacionais. Posteriormente, para obtenção dos resultados, os dados foram categorizados. Assim, esta pesquisa permitiu analisar a implantação do CEIC e identificar que a principal contribuição do CEIC para a integração dos serviços foi implantar uma infraestrutura tecnológica comum e centralizada através do desenvolvimento de uma infraestrutura de monitoramento da cidade, com a integração de câmeras, compartilhando as imagens e informações com órgãos que integram o CEIC e parceiros que atuam em operações especiais. No estudo, destaca-se a utilização da tecnologia como elemento fundamental que auxilia a gerar informações para qualificar a tomada de decisão da gestão municipal, principalmente em situações emergenciais e eventos de grande porte. Os principais fatores de sucesso identificados foram investimento em tecnologia, infraestrutura tecnológica comum, treinamento e colaboração. Os principais desafios evidenciados foram a carência de recursos financeiros e o processo de aquisição pública.

Similar to other poor countries across Africa, Malawi struggles with solid waste management (SWM). Especially considering the high proportion of organic waste, composting is a promising opportunity to tackle the problem. However, composting has had low uptake due to competing fertilizer subsidies, the perceived labour required, and a lack of training and equipment. Considering these issues, this paper presents an analysis of the political dynamics around SWM at markets in Blantyre, Malawi, and to understand how these dynamics may potentially affect the sorting of organic waste in order to improve the production of compost. We find complex systems of both formal and informal management that are deeply linked to the official political structures, creating a diverse array of actors with various vested interests. Implementing a separation program would need community engagement and long-term financial viability to ensure that the project is not abandoned as others have been. This paper contributes to understanding how the complexity of urban governance, combined with party politics, can affect the potential for introducing new models of waste management. It emphasises the importance of understanding both informal and formal management structures before designing interventions.

İletişim, insan hayatının vazgeçilmez bir unsudur. Özellikle gelişen iletişim teknolojileri, bu durumu daha da önemli bir hale getirmiştir. Öyle ki; bu durum, insanı çepeçevre saran bir iletişim ağının oluşmasına ve insanların hatta kurumların/kuruluşların artık bu ağdan kaçamamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu noktada toplumun her kesiminde olduğu gibi, yerel yönetimlerin de internet adaptasyonu gerçekleşmiştir. Sadece yerel yönetimlerin bürokratik işleri değil, diğer tüm faaliyetleri de internete adapte olmuştur. Bu adaptasyonla birlikte, vatandaşlar yaşadıkları yere ait alınan kararları, yürürlüğe sokulan uygulamaları ve kendi taleplerini daha rahat iletebilmeye ve takip edebilme başlamıştır. İnsanlar talepleri yerel siyasetin en güçlü aktörü olan, belediye başkanlarına, yardımcılarına, belediye meclis üyelerine doğrudan iletebilmektedir. Durumun farkında olan belediyeler, seçmenleriyle ve vatandaşlarıyla iletişim kurabilmek, onları bilgilendirebilmek adına iletişim kanallarını açmaktadır. Nitekim sosyal medya platformları ve kurumsal internet sayfaları, bu süreçte sıklıkla başvurulan kanallar olarak görülmektedir. Bu gerekçe ile hazırlanan çalışmada, sosyal medya ve siyasal iletişim kavramları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada; Burdur, Çanakkale, Karaman, Tokat, Muş, Siirt ve Uşak belediyelerinin sosyal medya hesapları örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Örneklem üzerine yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda elde edilen veriler, çalışmada yer bulmuştur. Araştırmada, belediyelerin sosyal medya platformlarını, özellikle X platformunu, vatandaşlarla iletişim kurmak, bilgi paylaşmak ve etkileşim sağlamak için etkin bir şekilde kullandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

This research aims to analyze the priority of tourism sustainability strategies for the Pamekasan Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism object using the Analytic Network Process approach. The quantitative research approach with the ANP Super Decisions method is used to analyze the complexity of the problems of economic aspects, social aspects, environmental aspects, infrastructure aspects, and institutional aspects by measuring the priority level based on the ratio value, primary data obtained directly from expert respondents, academic experts, regulatory experts and practitioners. The results show that to create tourism sustainability, the most appropriate development strategy is the strategy of increasing the value of capital, investment and promotion with the highest priority value of 35%, as a solution to the problem of capital and tourist visits and focusing on economic aspects with a priority level of 27.9%, with implications for policy recommendations for the government in preparing regional development planning, especially for sustainable tourism development.

The present research work aims to analyse the effect that the disaggregated developmental aid has had on the health status and the standard of living in the urban sector after the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established. Infant Mortality and Improved sanitation facilities are taken as indicators for health status and urbanisation respectively; and the relationship between disaggregated health aid with Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and disaggregated aid for water and sanitation with improved sanitation facilities was analysed for the years from 2002-2012 using data from India, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam and Lao PDR of Southeast Asia through the dynamic panel data modelling using the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMMs). Findings suggest that the developmental aid has not been effective in both the health sector and urbanisation sector. Moreover, improvement in health status has been growth driven. With the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); the most important thing to ensure is that the disbursed aid is used effectively to achieve the very purposes it is being given for and to reduce the gaps in various classes of developing countries in the region.

El artículo analiza los problemas del distrito Centro de Madrid desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes. Partiendo de la presentación de las principales características demográficas y territoriales del distrito y del análisis de los instrumentos de intervención impulsados desde el Ayuntamiento, se identifican posteriormente los principales problemas sentidos por la población a partir de los datos contenidos en los espacios formales de participación ciudadana y de las entrevistas mantenidas con representantes de asociaciones de vecinos, técnicos municipales, concejales e individuos no organizados. El trabajo muestra, desde la perspectiva de los ciudadanos, que el turismo no es percibido como uno de los principales problemas del distrito Centro, aunque sí lo son otros fenómenos asociados a él.

Este curso explora la historia y sociedad en el Sureste de Asia en el periodo premoderno, cubriendo desde la historia más remota hasta alrededor del siglo XV. Entre las culturas que se trabajarán en el curso estarán Đại Việt, Srivijaya, Pagan, Angkor, Majapahit, Ayutthaya y el archipiélago filipino. En el curso se trabajará también los impactos que tienen en el presente las memorias y legados de dichas sociedades.

This study shows that an integrated ecological and cultural corridor network can help guide city development strategies to better preserve ecological and cultural assets. Traditionally, protection zones and suitable development areas are often identified by separately considering natural elements of the ecosystem and elements of cultural significance. To achieve the purpose of cohesively protecting areas of ecological and/or cultural significance, we have developed a corridor-based spatial framework by integrating ecological and cultural assets. Ecological sources are identified by combining protection prioritization, nature reserves, and water bodies. Ecological corridors are delineated by using the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model on a resistance surface constructed from land-use data to connect ecological sources. Ecologically important areas are then delineated by creating a 5-km buffer zone from ecological sources and ecological corridors. Cultural corridors are histor...

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi ilustrar e refletir sobre a influência das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) na cidade, atentando às questões conceituais que orientam as transformações sociais ocorridas a partir da Revolução Tecnológica do final do século XX e propondo um modelo de classificação que dê conta do enorme arsenal de ferramentas digitais urbanas potencializadas e desenvolvidas por diversos agentes. O foco central da pesquisa foi tentar revelar aspectos relevantes do ponto de vista da intensificação de uma sociedade transescalar em rede, do surgimento de novos paradigmas de criação de conteúdo, da reconfiguração associativa e manifestativa, bem como das possibilidades de abertura do governo à participação civil, e, ao mesmo, categorizar as diversas ferramentas criadas e potencializadas com vistas a ilustrar o desenvolvimento cada vez mais assíduo de "cidades inteligentes" (smart cities), levantando questões pertinentes aos reflexos políticos e sociais provenientes da adoção de ferramentas tecnológicas "eficientes" e interativas na gestão urbana, no planejamento urbano e em hábitos e práticas na cidade. Palavras-chave: Tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs). Sociedade em rede. Reescalonamento. Smart cities. Ferramentas digitais urbanas. Interatividade na gestão. Participação política. Incorporação tecnológica na cidade.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi ilustrar e refletir sobre a influencia das Tecnologias de Informacao e Comunicacao (TICs) na cidade, atentando as questoes conceituais que orientam as transformacoes sociais ocorridas a partir da Revolucao Tecnologica do final do seculo XX e propondo um modelo de classificacao que de conta do enorme arsenal de ferramentas digitais urbanas potencializadas e desenvolvidas por diversos agentes. O foco central da pesquisa foi tentar revelar aspectos relevantes do ponto de vista da intensificacao de uma sociedade transescalar em rede, do surgimento de novos paradigmas de criacao de conteudo, da reconfiguracao associativa e manifestativa, bem como das possibilidades de abertura do governo a participacao civil, e, ao mesmo, categorizar as diversas ferramentas criadas e potencializadas com vistas a ilustrar o desenvolvimento cada vez mais assiduo de “cidades inteligentes” (smart cities), levantando questoes pertinentes aos reflexos politicos e sociais pro...

Sacred heritage can refer to religious properties and places. It reflects and transmits ancient and cultural values. The Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam (TTD) symbolises India’s religious heritage and Sanatana Dharma (the eternal order of Hinduism). The temples, sculptures, paintings, musical literature, dances, and other art forms that belong to the TTD are marked for prosperity and well-being. The TTD trust is located in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the major religious trusts that focuses on social development perspectives. In this study, the author explored the cultural importance, governance, and social contribution of the TTD. A qualitative case study leveraging secondary data and interviews of the TTD was conducted to examine its activities for community development in the Tirumala and Tirupati areas. The results indicated that the trust’s income has increased owing to the excellent management and utilisation of information technology. Following the increase in its properties, the trust has started to invest capital into three major sectors: (i) employment opportunities, (ii) infrastructure and corporate social responsibility activities, and (iii) environmental protection. The TTD is a compelling example of sustainable management, and other religious trusts can also adopt its strategies.

Economic convergence is a hot economic debate in the academic community today. The development of countries and regions with hierarchical structures needs to explore the economic convergence mechanism. Facing the complex situation of China, making full use of economic convergence mechanism is beneficial to the government's macroeconomic policies on the overall planning and the coordination of regional economic. It has a special significance to the sustained and healthy development of nation. From the initial point that regions developed unequally, how to play the diffusion effect of economic agglomeration to realize the technology progress is the key to the beginning of economic convergence mechanism. But the liberalization of international trade and the accumulation of human capital are final factors of long-term equilibrium.

住房消费属于基本民生领域, 却被当作经济增长的支柱产业; 民众看重使用价值, 房产商 !开发商 、妙房者 、地方政府等看重交换价值, 安居乐业的基本消费品被过度货币化、资本化。房价不合理暴涨损害了健康平和的人际关系、道德观念 、价值体系和重要的社会情感, 社会后果堪忧。与恩格斯论述的住宅问题相 比, 目前中国的住房问题, 既有独特之处 (社会转型期解决方案 、政府介入等), 又有共同之处 (工业化 、城 乡差别 、乡城移 民、资本意志 、市场化) 国家和政府有责任让其国民安居乐业∀解决住房问题的根本之道在于把它作为社会问题而非纯经济问题对待, 以社会政策而非经济政策应对, 建设各阶层 !各群体利益共享的消费者社会。

Car sharing is a common phenomenon of resource sharing in modern social travel, and car sharing is also a high-profile phenomenon in recent years, representing an important aspect of the economy. Different from previous research, this paper applies Baker's sharing concept framework to the operation and development of shared cars in China for the first time, reviewing and analysing the situation. Under this topic, this paper sorts out and analyses the experience materials of three domestic shared car cases, marking a new attempt in the field of Ji research. Based on the above analysis and discussion, this paper proposes that most domestic car-sharing companies are currently operating under the guise of "communism" with a focus on the concept of "enjoy", while the essence is time-sharing leasing as the main business model; the social and environmental sustainability of the shared car industry is worth considering, as the problems and consequences it causes need urgent attention.

Green building is a term that is considered for the new generation of buildings because most of the energy required in the building itself is supplied through the systems embedded in it that produce green energy, and because in these buildings no fossil fuels are used, they are free of carbon dioxide and have comprehensive systems to reduce energy consumption and increase efficiency. After the Industrial Revolution, especially during the era of architectural modernism, smart buildings emerged. The use of modern technologies and technologies in construction that originate from architecture is necessary to optimally use and control energy consumption, reduce waste, create comfort, and save time and building maintenance costs. Today, with the advancement of technology, it is possible to update building components to increase the level of interaction between humans and technology, to provide more comfort, to achieve safety, security, comfort, and better control of the space, and to bring a building as close as possible to the architectural indicators. There are various sustainable methods; one of the best methods is to use smart building systems. Therefore, in this article, smart green buildings with a sustainable architecture approach are discussed and investigated. The research method is to use a qualitative approach, and this article has been studied in the library method by studying books, articles, and magazines to examine the concepts of smart buildings, sustainable development, dimensions of sustainability, and existing examples related to sustainable architecture.

Climate change increases the frequency of natural disasters and humanity’s vulnerability to them. Many developed and developing countries are severely affected by extreme weather events and natural disasters due to environmental and social factors, showing a great need for risk management and adaptation. In the last decades, these extreme weather events have caused historical floods of the urban rivers, among other natural hazards. What once represented essential assets to cities, now, if not properly managed, may turn into a threat to citizens and the preservation of cultural heritage found in the heart of the cities that are also the historical centers. Integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation to climate change into sustainable development through resilience building is a central issue in urban planning and global agendas. However, there seems to be no clarity to what extent sustainable development strategies integrate heritage concerns into national and local disaster risk reduction policies and urban planning of developing countries such as Honduras. Analysis of patterns in adaptation measures implemented by institutions after a historical flood have been conducted in this research, framed within the Ten Essentials for the Making Cities Resilient (MCR) Campaign and the determinants of Adaptive Capacity. A sector along the Grande o Choluteca River in the Historic Center of Tegucigalpa in Honduras was chosen for the study. The conclusions led us to broaden our knowledge about to what extent the Sendai Framework and its ten essentials have been incorporated and implemented in policies, practices, and plans for the historic urban areas. More importantly, in which determinants of institutional adaptive capacity, it is most necessary to develop climate resilience for the urban cultural heritage and, finally, how local lessons related to the conservation of physical, cultural heritage can be scaled up to be applicable in different contexts.

Road traffic conflicts are a major but neglected global transport challenge which is influenced by the risky driving behaviour or other attitudes of road space users such as pedestrians, cyclists, motorists and others. Conflicts in the use of motor vehicles on road transportation are inevitable even when traffic conflict mitigating facilities such as speed humps, traffic signs and others are provided. Development triggers transportation and vice versa. Without a corresponding increase in traffic conflict mitigating facilities or strategies to increase capacity for coping with increased traffic volume, the resultant effect is an increase in auto crashes and fatalities. In order for planners to respond efficiently and effectively to traffic conflict issues in neighbourhoods, business districts and regions, there is a need to incorporate the views of motorist, cyclists, pedestrians and others who are the road space users. The study adopted a survey-based approach and sampled 120 road s...

Climate change is reshaping urban environments, intensifying the need for resilient green space design and management that supports biodiversity, improves ecosystem services, and adapts to changing conditions. Understanding the trade-offs between native and non-native species selection is important for developing climate-resilient urban green spaces. This review examines public preferences for native versus non-native plant species and their implications for urban green space design and management. We critically analyse the ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits provided by both native and non-native plants in urban spaces, highlighting the complex trade-offs involved. Our findings indicate that while native plants can be underrepresented in urban landscapes, they offer significant ecological benefits including support for local wildlife and pollinators. Some studies have highlighted the climate resilience of native plants; however, they are likely to be more affected by climate change. Therefore, conservation strategies are needed, especially for endemic and threatened plant species. Several studies suggest a more flexible approach that integrates plant species from diverse climatic origins to improve resilience. We also explore conservation gardening (CG) as a socio-ecological strategy to integrate endangered native species into urban landscapes, promoting biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. This review stresses the importance of informed plant species selection and community involvement in creating climate-resilient urban green spaces.

The right to housing is one of the fundamental rights of the nation. In Iran's legal system, especially the laws governing local organizations such as municipalities, the construction of housing is associated with obtaining a building permit. However, in areas located in Iranian cities, based on Articles 22, 47 and 48 of the Registration Law; The official document for issuing the permit is valid with the municipalities, in such a way that it is not possible to issue a building permit for lands without an official document based on the meaning of these articles and the numerous opinions of the Administrative Court of Justice. The rulings of articles 147 and 148 of the amendment of the registration law and some other laws consider areas that have buildings to be eligible for issuance of a document and the construction of any buildings is deferred to obtaining a building permit, which due to the mentioned restrictions, causes a series of rounds. which does not make it possible to issue documents or construction permits for these areas. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, while examining the possibility of applying the right to housing in the lands without official documents located in the cities, by looking at the opinions of the general board of the Administrative Court of Justice and also the opinions of the jurists of the Guardian Council, in relation to the analysis of the current situation, a solution for A way out of the said conflict should presented.

O Estatuto da Cidade introduziu o instituto da outorga onerosa do direito de construir (OODC) e fixou o seu regime jurídico (arts. 30-31 da Lei n° 10.257/2001). A OODC é uma ferramenta posta à disposição dos planejadores e gestores urbanos para promover, em tese, o aumento da densidade demográfica nas cidades mediante o pagamento de uma contrapartida pelo aumento de potencial construtivo. Em determinadas hipóteses a serem definidas por lei municipal, o pagamento pela OODC pode ser isento na linguagem do Estatuto da Cidade. A dispensa de pagamento de contrapartida pode ser fomento, ou seja, não necessariamente é fomento, o que significa dizer que pode se converter em benesse. A hipótese é de que coeficiente de ajuste que reduz o valor da contrapartida em 80%, pois o índice é de 0,20 de acordo com o art.5°, §7° da Lei Distrital n° 1.170/96, deve ser justificado como mecanismo de fomento, sob pena de converte-se em benesse. Para confirmar essa hipótese, se desenvolverá, inicialmente, a análise do conceito de aproveitamento básico: único ou diferenciado. A ideia é compreender como é a relação entre direito de construir e direito de propriedade ao se instituir a OODC. Em seguida, se passa a investigação da exigência de contrapartida pela OODC, ou melhor dizendo, qual a justificativa normativa para a exigência de uma contrapartida pelo aumento de potencial construtivo efetivamente utilizado. Posteriormente, se examinará a natureza jurídica da contrapartida pelo coeficiente de aproveitamento utilizado. Embora o Estatuto da Cidade mencione isenção, a rigor, não se trata de isenção em razão da natureza da contrapartida pela OODC ser preço público e não tributo, o que tem repercussões em razão da alteração de regime jurídico. Por fim, a investigação se volta para a pergunta fundamental: fomento ou benesse?

In this manner more than 20 old facades could be restored or reconstructed in conjunction with new buildings. Where the backs of these buildings were exposed to squares or internal courts they were constructed to laid down standards. In addition brand new buildings were constructed, for example, to fill empty spaces. In this manner the needs of the Heritage Conservation Board and present-day design were met. Antwerp, in northern Belgium, is the name of a city, an agglomeration and a province bordering on The Netherlands. Viewed in a European context Antwerp lies on the south of the Delta Area formed by the estuaries of the Schelde (Escaut), Meuse and Rhine (Fig. ). This Delta, with Rotterdam at its northern end, forms the entrance port of NW Europe and leads to the great inland industrial areas of Wallonia, Luxembourg, Ruhr, Saar, and northern France. Its location makes Antwerp an important part of the northern European megalopolis. 11 one room units 2 one-and-one-half room units 15 two room units 10 two-and-one-half room units 26 three room units 16 three-and-one-half room units 22 four room units 8 four-and-one-half room units 2 five room units 4 five-and-one-half room units 4 six room units. Just beyond the city center, and influence of its traffic, lies the small neighbourhood of St. Alban-Tal. This neighbourhood has largely maintained its historic form. The Christoph Merian Foundation, with the consent of the

The study aims to enhance understanding of the distribution of notifiable diseases using maps created with ArcGIS in Constantine. Over six years, it focused on the prevalence rates of waterborne diseases and zoonoses (e.g., tuberculosis, meningitis, and COVID-19). A database was created for each municipality using official data, which was processed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel and integrated into a geographic information system (GIS). The maps revealed a high prevalence of diseases in the state's centre, particularly in the municipalities of Constantine, El Khroub, Didouche, and Mourad. The analysis also highlighted a positive relationship between the increase in disease cases and population density, emphasising the critical role of urbanisation in disease spread. Furthermore, seasonal variations were observed in the distribution of certain diseases, indicating that environmental factors, such as temperature and rainfall, influence disease outbreaks. As a result of this study, the maps have demonstrated a fundamental role in monitoring diseases and their development, offering valuable insights for public health surveillance and policy formulation. By visualising trends and patterns, these maps can support decision-making processes to manage health risks better and allocate resources effectively in the region.

The eco-zone of Elbasan is located in the central part of Albania. The climate in the suburbs of Elbasan is characterized as Mediterranean fieldcentral in which the annual average temperature is 15.4 grades, during the winter the temperature goes from -3 up to 18 grades and during the summer 25-35 grade. The average annual amount of rain is 1157-1300 mm, while the extreme annual amount of rain goes from 620 mm to 1500 mm. the earth habitats with a high potential of living creatures, are agricultural objects because the earth as ecological environment fulfils the conditions for the raise of agro ecosystem. One of the most evident conditions for the use of agricultural land is the presence of high nutritive levels for plant creatures and without pollution substances. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of pollution in agricultural land by Pb and Cr in the suburbs of Elbasan area. The provision of samples on pollution was carried out in four points, close to the object of Metallurgic Factory Paper -Pajove, Bradashesh-Vidhas,Labinot -Shushice and Vidhas -Paper. The depth of the earth sample was taken up to 30-50 cm, where is developed the main part of the root system of plants. The analysis has been carried out for the metals Pb and Cr. In each area were taken five samples in four different points. The weight of the sample was 0.3-0.5 kg. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) as an analytical technique was applied in order to determine the values of heavy metals Pb and Cr in different samples. The analyses were carried out in the Institute of Veterinarian Institute, Tirana. The values of Pb in the earth samples in the suburbs of metallurgic factory vary from 17 ppm in the sample no. 1 to 65 ppm in the sample no.14 such a change is because of the different distance of sample receipt. The difference between the sample with a highest value and that with the lowest value is 48 ppm Pb. The values of Cr in the earth samples vary

Together with the changing living conditions and emerging new technology branches, there is an increase in the environmental problems in the face of the increasing population, the needs of the urban residents, the urbanization rates and the consumption elements. From this point of view, it is necessary to make use of the innovations brought by technology to produce solutions to human needs and urban problems and to maximize the quality of life of the city. The u smart city an has emerged in order to ensure that all negative effects reflected in the city can be solved. With this concept, it is aimed that the concepts of transportation, environment, infrastructure and effective energy are consumed at minimum level and provide the highest level of benefit. The increase in the population living in cities, the big developments in the field of technology, the change in the expectations and needs in the human race cause the change in the urban management and planning. A sustainable environ...

在1937年夏季长达三个月的淞沪会战期间，上海工业遭受了有史以来最严重的损失，超过了该城市此前经历的任何一次冲突。然而，正如先前的研究所表明的那样，当地工业的恢复似乎相当迅速。所有统计数据均显示，在某些情况下，到1938年底，大多数行业的生产水平已恢复到战前水平；到1939年，大多数工业部门的生产水平也已恢复到战后最高点。

本文依据原始数据，并借助地理信息系统（GIS）对大量历史资料的处理能力，探查土地利用、人口统计以及城市生活等相关问题，旨在强调在这一恢复过程中所发挥作用的空间动力学机制。

E-governance has gained momentum, particularly
in the context of global governance of urban
spaces. Cities in the developing world have been
frequently criticized for being denied equality and
overcrowding, sluggish governance, lack of
housing and hygiene, poor quality of basic services,
and rampant corruption. Therefore, technology,
connectivity, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are
now considered a possible solution to address these
concerns. In this context, this paper attempts to
study the electronic governance system of the
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). It
purports to study it analytically and provides a
descriptive understanding of the initiatives
undertaken by the BMC and the implications of
these initiatives for civic issues. The paper argues
that electronic governance-related initiatives have
the potential to bring 'ease of doing governance';
thus, urban local bodies will be better equipped to
address key civic issues. While interviewing the
BMC officer on the issue, the researcher found that
what is lacking is inter-departmental coordination;
there is also the presence of multiple agencies with
overlapping responsibilities. In addition, the issue
of the digital divide that exists in general in our
country requires policy attention to achieve the
goals of seamless e-governance and ease of
governance. In the age of Internet of Things (IoT)
and 5G technology, urban local bodies such as
BMC need to reinvent itself continually to better deliver services electronically and make the
process of governance uncomplicated in the true
sense of the term.
Keywords: E-governance, Ease of doing
governance, Civic issues, BMC.

The textile industry in Bangladesh, particularly in Narayanganj, is a cornerstone of the nation's economy but faces significant sustainability challenges, including resource inefficiency, environmental pollution and supply chain complexities. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to conduct a spatial analysis of sustainable supply chain practices in Narayanganj' s textile dyeing and manufacturing sector. By integrating spatial data with supply chain metrics, the research aims to identify inefficiencies, optimize resource allocation and promote circularity in the textile supply chain. The methodology involves collecting geospatial data on key supply chain nodes, including raw material sourcing, dyeing units, manufacturing facilities and distribution centers. GIS tools are used to map and analyze spatial patterns, resource flows and environmental impacts, such as carbon emissions and wastewater discharge. The study also incorporates stakeholder interviews and field surveys to validate findings and provide actionable insights. Preliminary results show spatial clustering of dyeing units in Narayanganj, creating environmental hotspots. The analysis identifies opportunities to optimize transport, reduce energy use, implement decentralized wastewater systems, integrate renewables and adopt circular economy principles for enhanced sustainability. This research demonstrates GIS's value in addressing textile supply chain challenges, offering a data-driven framework for policymakers and stakeholders to promote sustainability in Bangladesh's textile sector, aligning with global environmental and economic resilience goals.