Urban Design (Urban Studies)

Consciente de como la nueva realidad política precisaba de una nueva identidad o, le que es lo mismo, de una nueva Capital, Rubio -basándose en el logro hipotético de una organización genuinamente Federal de la República-entendía que la cabeza del Estado no podía asentarse en ninguna de las poblaciones existentes. Contrario a la idea de una ciudad con carácter propio (esto es, con una historia y tradición definida, industria asentada, comercio estable o monumentos que la caracterizasen) optaba por la ¡dea de la ciudad-gerencia, ciudad centro administrativo valorada tan sólo como sede político-burocrática, apta para funciones de gobierno y carente por tanto de las múltiples funciones que toda urbe capital entraña. Insistiendo en como la «ciudad-capital» debía contar con sólo funciones estatales y representativas de las actividades federativas que los órganos políticos requisiesen, en el texto que adjuntaba a su proyecto sugería los ejemplos de Washintong, Camberra o Nueva Delhi. Resulta extraño -desde la referencia urbana-que Rubio plantease, en 1930, la idea de una nueva ciudad: superada ya la crítica a la Metrópolis que había aparecido en el pensamiento alemán de comienzos de siglo, su propuesta coincidía con un momento en el que el concepto de «nueva población» se identificaba no sólo con los supuestos de Le Corbusier sobre la nueva ciudad moderna sino, y al mismo tiempo, con los proyectos para colonización interior donde la opción ciudad jardín se manejara tanto '

Este artículo analiza la experiencia corpórea y el
movimiento como condiciones proyectuales en la
arquitectura de Juha Leiviskä, a partir de un enfoque
fenomenológico complementado con aportes de la
neurociencia. El estudio identifica estrategias espaciales
como secuencias perceptivas, planos flotantes, capas
lumínicas y ritmos espaciales, que configuran una
narrativa arquitectónica habitable a través del cuerpo.
La metodología combina análisis crítico de referentes
teóricos con el estudio de caso de las iglesias de Leiviskä,
integrando observación proyectual y herramientas como
Space Syntax (UCL Depthmap) para analizar patrones
de conectividad y jerarquía espacial. Se examina
también el concepto de mímesis encarnada como forma
de reinterpretar la luz natural desde la experiencia
sensorial. Se concluye que su arquitectura evidencia
cómo el diseño puede emerger de la experiencia corporal,
integrando luz, ritmo y secuencia como principios proyectuales fundamentales.

WORKING SCRIPT FOR WARISAN NARRATION. (some segments will be replaced by interviews saying the same thing) Malaysia is a nation of contrasts-a land where modernity thrives alongside centuries-old traditions. Since gaining independence in 1957, it has navigated the complexities of its multiracial society while forging a distinct national identity. At its heart lies a unique system of governance: a constitutional monarchy, rooted in the historic traditions of nine Malay sultanates-Kelantan,

In its 70th anniversary year, the journal Čovjek i prostor introduces a thematic issue. Its goal is to create space, once a year, for an in-depth and systematic reflection on current topics of professional relevance. For the first thematic edition, we have chosen the adaptation and conversion of the existing built environment—a discipline internationally known as adaptive reuse. This term still lacks a proper equivalent in Croatian, and precisely through this issue, we hope to offer one. In collaboration with terminologist Siniša Runjaić, the editorial proposes a two-part Croatian term (prilagodba i prenamjena) that avoids literal borrowing from English and highlights two intertwined processes: adaptation, referring to changes in the physical or conceptual structure and technical systems of a building, and conversion, which involves a shift in its programmatic or functional use. Adaptive reuse is presented as a creative discipline at the intersection of architecture and conservation, oriented toward sustainability and the preservation of spatial identity. The issue brings together domestic and international authors and raises the question of how architecture can respond to a time when repair and transformation take precedence over new construction. The introductory essay is accompanied by photographs by Annie Hsiao-Ching Wang from her series The Mother as a Creator, symbolically linking the continuity of life with that of lived space.

It is generally accepted that the lack of free public spaces in Greek cities, is one of the most severe urban planning problems, not only in the central urban areas but also in the peripheral neighbourhoods. Furthermore, it is a fact that through the land use legal framework there have been efforts towards the implementation of a number of planning tools, regulations, thresholds, methods etc in order to obtain and secure an appropriate level of acceptable urban public space mainly for parks, playgrounds and squares, which would ensure at least a minimal level of essential (sustainable) free urban public space. The reality has shown that this effort has not been successful until today. The provision, the quality and the spatial distribution of public space in Greek cities, cannot correspond to the continuously increasing needs and wishes of citizens. This is probably the most serious weakness of the Greek urban planning system, because it cannot achieve the objectives of urban sustainability. In this manner and specifically for some cities, military camps that exist and occupy vital space in the urban tissue, present a new challenge for "liberating" this space and providing new quality to the urban environment. The present paper presents a case study in which, proposals are formulated for the transformation of "brown" space occupied by military camps, to urban free space, useful for the adjacent neighbourhoods, as well as for the city of Alexandroupolis in general. The importance of the proposal also lies in the fact that this transformation will take in account the present rigid and complex legal and institutional framework, having, thus, the elements of a pilot intervention. The basic approach is based on the principle that military camps are public land, and can be used in the formulation of a regeneration policy. Critical elements of the approach are the assessment of benefit that the transformation of this space will bring to the city, the allocation of the benefits to the neighbourhoods, the effectiveness of spatial integration of the new space in the existing urban structure, and the absolute protection of green free public space in the whole city.

It is generally accepted that the lack of free public spaces in Greek cities, is one of the most severe urban planning problems, not only in the central urban areas but also in the peripheral neighbourhoods. Furthermore, it is a fact that through the land use legal framework there have been efforts towards the implementation of a number of planning tools, regulations, thresholds, methods etc in order to obtain and secure an appropriate level of acceptable urban public space mainly for parks, playgrounds and squares, which would ensure at least a minimal level of essential (sustainable) free urban public space. The reality has shown that this effort has not been successful until today. The provision, the quality and the spatial distribution of public space in Greek cities, cannot correspond to the continuously increasing needs and wishes of citizens. This is probably the most serious weakness of the Greek urban planning system, because it cannot achieve the objectives of urban sustainability. In this manner and specifically for some cities, military camps that exist and occupy vital space in the urban tissue, present a new challenge for "liberating" this space and providing new quality to the urban environment. The present paper presents a case study in which, proposals are formulated for the transformation of "brown" space occupied by military camps, to urban free space, useful for the adjacent neighbourhoods, as well as for the city of Alexandroupolis in general. The importance of the proposal also lies in the fact that this transformation will take in account the present rigid and complex legal and institutional framework, having, thus, the elements of a pilot intervention. The basic approach is based on the principle that military camps are public land, and can be used in the formulation of a regeneration policy. Critical elements of the approach are the assessment of benefit that the transformation of this space will bring to the city, the allocation of the benefits to the neighbourhoods, the effectiveness of spatial integration of the new space in the existing urban structure, and the absolute protection of green free public space in the whole city.

Bu çalışmada, Tunceli kent merkezinde 1935-1937 yıllarında inşa edilen ve yapıldığı dönemde “Mameki Kışlası” olarak da bilinen kışla binasının; tarihi, mimari özellikleri, işlev değişiklikleri, restorasyonu ve kent müzesine dönüşüm süreci incelenmiştir. Bu bina kentteki ilk Cumhuriyet dönemi yapılarından biri olması bakımından ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kent merkezindeki yapılaşma faaliyetlerinin bu kışla binasının inşasından sonra geliştiği bilinmektedir. Günümüzde de Tuncelikentinin mimari dokusu incelendiğinde kışla binası avlulu formu ve yapı ölçeğiyle dikkat çekmektedir. Binanın bir kültür mirası yapısı olarak yeni işleviyle Tunceli’nin ilk kent müzesi olması, mimari özellikleri ve tarihçesi ile birlikte bir bütün olarak ele alınıp öneminin ortaya konmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak kışla binasının tarihinin incelenmesine yönelik bir arşiv taraması yapılmıştır. Bu sürece paralel olarak mekân yerinde deneyimlenmiş ve fotoğraflarla belgelenerek mimari özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Binanın inşasından
itibaren çeşitli dönemlerde sahip olduğu farklı işlevler ile 2010 yılında tarihi binada çıkan yangın sonrasında oluşan hasar ve geçirmiş olduğu restorasyon süreci, binanın tarihsel akış süreci çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Binanın restorasyonundan sonra kent müzesi olarak işlevlendirilmesinin yapıya kazandırdığı yeni anlamıyla birlikte; günümüzde aktif olarak kullanılan binanın, kentteki sınırlı sayıdaki tescilli kültür varlığından biri olması ve kent hafızasındaki yeri de göz önünde bulundurularak korunmasına yönelik tespit ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

A brief glance at the city view of Iranian historical cities shows valuable ancient textures, all of which were enjoying appropriate liveliness, mobility and hilarity no longer ago. Today, our urban worn out textures are abandoned due to different reasons. This is while, if the textures enjoy safe, appropriate and lively spaces, organized joy and healthy recreations compatible with the society's values will take place in them. Organizing cities and historical textures is of great importance for two reasons: one is respecting the elders' heritages and the other one is obviating limits caused by urban texture decay. Inattention to organizing and restoring worn out historical textures plans during several years have caused them to lose their liveliness, efficiency and former activity. Livability is one of the greatest urban planning ideas in the contemporary period. Livability creation among cities of developing countries is a concerning issue and paying less attention to the issue causes liveliness and livability cadence and texture decay, consequently. Hence, paying attention to life quality, conditions, equipment and the urban residents' needs are vital issues. Finally, infill solution is presented in the framework of renovation and improvement for promotion of quality and empowerment of historical and worn out urban textures along with influential factors of developing such textures.

Las disciplinas proyectuales tienen una base pragmatica, pero el desafio que enfrenta esta reflexion es alcanzar conocimientos mas profundos a traves de conceptos filosoficos (aristotelicos) para poder salir del ambito estricto de la practica arquitectonica como oficio. Se realiza una mirada critica del proceso proyectual contemporaneo, tomando como ejes de observacion los principios de esencia, sustancia y accidente, para alcanzar un conocimiento universal (nous), y despegarse de la polemica opinion subjetiva (doxa).

Urban-centric lighting is the research topic of an Urban Lighting task group. The group was formed to
carry out research about the influence of urban exterior lighting in people’s health. The Task Group is
promoted and managed by CICAT, a Spanish Cluster for innovation in the sector of lighting. The cluster
members come mainly from the lighting manufacturing industry, and also include universities, and other
related companies, including independent lighting designers.
This applied research is being carried out by technicians, planners, managers and designers from
different private companies and public institutions, with responsibility and objective markets centered
in public lighting and urban planning.

Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to model buoyancy-driven airflows has always proved challenging. This work investigates CFD modelling of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation flows in a single-storey space connected to an atrium. The atrium is taller than the ventilated space and when warmed by internal heat gains producing a column of warm air in the atrium and connect space drives a ventilation flow. Results of CFD simulations are compared with predictions of an analytical model and small-scale experiments . Using the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model the predicted airflow patterns and temperature profile agreed reasonably well between the three prediction techniques. The work demonstrates the potential of using CFD for modelling natural displacement ventilation and the accuracy that can be expected.

Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to model buoyancy-driven airflows has always proved challenging. This work investigates CFD modelling of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation flows in a single-storey space connected to an atrium. The atrium is taller than the ventilated space and when warmed by internal heat gains producing a column of warm air in the atrium and connect space drives a ventilation flow. Results of CFD simulations are compared with predictions of an analytical model and small-scale experiments . Using the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model the predicted airflow patterns and temperature profile agreed reasonably well between the three prediction techniques. The work demonstrates the potential of using CFD for modelling natural displacement ventilation and the accuracy that can be expected.

Philip Kay's text gives a biographical account of his love-hate relationship with the Manhattan street grid. His series of personal anecdotes reads like a list of offences; Manhattan's orderly system of streets and avenues seems to dare its inhabitants to defy its authority, and the specificity of its locations creates lasting images and memories (from the minutes of the jury). Winner of the Urban Omnibus essay competition 2012 to mark the bicentenary of the Commissioners' Plan for New York (1811), in the category of original non-fiction writing inspired by New York's street grid as "paradigm, rubric or muse for urban life".

How can a public square become a site of transformation? In Paradoxes of Emancipation: Radical Imagination and Space in Neoliberal Greece, Dimitris Soudias, a political scientist specializing in political sociology and cultural economy, explores the emancipatory potential of everyday practices that emerged in the occupied Syntagma Square in 2011. Engaging deeply with participants’ narratives, he traces the evolution of their perspectives before and throughout the ‘years of crisis’ in Greece. Through careful observation and rich analysis, Soudias reveals both the possibilities and paradoxes of emancipation embedded within neoliberalism. Drawing from his own participation in the occupation of Tahrir Square in Cairo (2011) and driven by a desire to understand ‘the euphoria and hope associated with this experience’ (p. 28), Soudias conceptualizes ‘experience as intersectionally constructed’ (p. 20), seeking both to make sense of it and generate new knowledge. For scholars and practitioners, the book offers a vital resource for understanding how practices can transform subjectivities, suggesting that the extraordinary spatialities produced by contemporary social movements, through radical imagination, constitute terrains for envisioning alternative pathways.

Active mobility infrastructure is an essential element of walkable and healthy neighbourhoods. This talk explores the experiential dimensions of evolving active mobility infrastructure, e.g., pedestrian, bike, and personal mobility device paths and networks. Building on pilot studies including systematic observation and walk-along interviews with residents, the talk foregrounds micro-spatial contestations of active mobility infrastructure in Tampines, Singapore. Three key areas of people-environment interactions (rhythms of use and speed, perceived functionalities, and negotiations of safety) that must be considered while rejuvenating active mobility infrastructure in high-density urban environments are discussed.

Puthia, one of the richest heritage sites of Bangladesh is unable to offer its true potential of historical majesty to people due to a lack of a proper conservation plan and visitor management plan. This study explores the heritage resources of the Puthia and finds out the Visitor's level of satisfaction in the Puthia Heritage site. Heritages are identified by field observation survey and PRA techniques, and the historical background identified structures are collected by Key informant surveys (KI), local people's opinions, and literature reviews. A structured questionnaire survey has been conducted with 230 randomly selected visitors to know the Visitor's satisfaction. GIS mapping, and Regression analysis are done to analyze data. The Important Performance analysis (IPA) and Customer satisfaction index (CSI) method have been applied to measure the Visitor's satisfaction level. Based on the findings, proposals have been made for the site to enhance the site's overall Visitor's satisfaction.

Walking has long been considered a significant factor in wellness. Previous studies have indicated 400-500 meters as a standard of the "acceptable walking distance" as compared to driving or other forms of transportation. However, "acceptable walking distance" and a "distance that one chooses to walk" are two different matters. More importantly, the distance people perceive for a trip can be one of the deciding factors in determining whether they are willing to walk, decide not to walk, or shift to other transportation modes. This research aims to define the optimal walking distances of office workers by measuring the discrepancy between their estimated and actual walking distances in the Central Business District of Bangkok during lunchtime, their most extended break during the day. The descriptive statistic shows that the average walking distance is 302.39 meters, but most workers walked shorter distances since the median distance is 211.66 meters. Nevertheless, these office workers, on the whole, significantly miscalculated their walking distances, with an average overestimation of 191.45 meters. Regression analysis shows that, when walking for distances up to 380 meters, most workers overestimated the distance they walked, but that, when walking beyond that distance (that is, 380 meters), they estimated correctly, which indicates the maximum actual length they choose to walk.

Keywords: walking distance, central business district, lunchtime, Bangkok

The main aim of this chapter is to design a generic planning and assessment framework in economic perspectives to gauge the sustainability of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) around bus corridors in North West sector of Sydney -a case study of Sunnyholt Road in the city of Blacktown. It further elaborates the potential for increased development in the vicinity of Sunnyholt Road that could be associated with the Parramatta-Rouse Hill-Blacktown Transit Way (T-Way) which is currently under construction. In order to gauge the sustainability of TOD, indicators in six categories should be analysed, which are: institutional performance indicator, quality of the built environment and accessibility indicator, economic performance indicator, environmental performance indicator, social diversity and public perception indicator, and travel behaviour indicator. This chapter focuses only on the economic performance indicators. The concept of Transit Oriented Development emerged relatively recently. Originating in US planning theory, it has at times struggled for understanding amongst the development industry and public sector. Dittmar and Ohland (2004) provide a range of late 20 th century American TOD case studies, including major projects in

The aim of this article is to understand whether the physical attributes of streetscapes affect the livability of Kuala Lumpur streets. Traffic management has been stressed as the main determinant of livable streets, but physical features have been merely pointed out. Yet, does physical quality deterioration of streetscapes affect the livability degradation of urban spaces? To answer this question, people's perception towards the physical quality of multifunctional streets, have been examined in this study. Identification of fourteen streetscape's physical attributes was fulfilled based on a comprehensive literature review. Through structured observations and questionnaire surveys, the physical attributes of each case study was evaluated and the physical problems were discovered. Additionally, users' perception on the identified problems and their effects on livability of the studied areas were found and defined. The result revealed that physical problems like improper walkway paving, inadequate public services and maintenance, besides traffic congestion, are deteriorating the livability of streets.

The Sawang Gantung Tribe area located in Selinsing Village, Gantung District, East Belitung Regency is a settlement area classified as a slum area that needs to be considered and reorganized, seeing the local history and culture that exists in the Sawang Tribe, it is important to protect and preserve this area as part of the wealth of cultural treasures that exist in Belitong Island, the area also has natural potential that can be processed into a tourist area.In an effort to help the community and residents of the Sawang Tribe to overcome slums in the area, and to develop and manage the natural potential in the area, it is necessary to arrange the Sawang Gantung Tribe area as a cultural tourism area supported by the Kulong Nek Sumi tourist area as a residential area and proper housing for the people of the Sawang Tribe in Selinsing Village, as well as a place for, educating, recreation, gathering, communicating for visitors and tourist

is one of the world's best known radical intellectuals. He has achieved this status despite the fact that his disciplinegeographyis one which, like my own (philosophy) everyone has heard of but would be hard pressed to define if asked. If I were asked, I would risk defining geography as the study of spatial relationships. Since there is no "space" apart from things and people standing in spatial relationships, geography and philosophy have one more thing in common: anything at all can become an object of geographical or philosophical study. Harvey first came to prominence within geography circles as a student of the formation of urban spaces. His studies of ghetto formation in Baltimore made him realize that what happens in cities cannot be understood apart from what happens within the economic system generally. His interest in particular places thus led him to the study of global political economic dynamics at a time when cities were becoming central to new capitalist growth dynamics and 'globalization' was on everyone's mind.

Urbanization, the process of population concentration in urban areas, has been a defining feature of modern civilization. This paper explores the effects of urbanization, examining its implications at national and international levels. Through a detailed analysis of economic, social, environmental, and infrastructural dimensions, the paper underscores the complexities of urban growth. While urbanization has driven economic development and innovation, it has also contributed to environmental degradation, socioeconomic disparities, and infrastructure challenges. The research emphasizes the need for sustainable urban planning and governance frameworks to address these multifaceted impacts.

In this paper, I will attempt to develop the intersection of "regional" (regionality) and "internationalisation". For this reason, this body of research brings to light and discusses the urban space of a city in financial crisis, Athens, Greece (regional), through its visually traced imagery. It unveils the Athenian cityscape's metamorphosis throughout the years of a crisis (regional), bringing to light a locus in the world scene suitable for research in comparison to other similar spaces of crisis: financial, social, political, etc. (international). The regional becomes part of a wider interest and one more example of how these cases can be documented, recorded, and preserved in digitised form, finally producing products of international interest. As far as these products are concerned, I intend to address how these products, which derive from a cityscape in crisis, may function, for instance, as a brand for alternative tourism, offering contemporary ruins of a crisis as products for the tourist gaze.

Heritage conservation in Alexandria demands integrative, data-driven approaches that reconcile preservation efforts with satisfactory visitor access. This study investigates how Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can document, evaluate, and spatially optimise the city's cultural heritage. A four-stage framework was applied: (1) compiling a multi-source geodatabase of 294 heritage assets in addition to transport nodes; (2) digitising attributes for value scoring based on five National Organisation of Urban Harmony (NOUH) criteria; (3) conducting spatial analytics-hot-spot, nearestneighbour, buffer, and network analysis-together with a six-parameter walkability index; and (4) translating findings into policy-relevant interventions and interactive web maps. Results reveal pronounced clustering in the historic downtown;however 83 high-value assets lie outside a 400 m walk from transit, notably in Foad Street, Kafr-Abdo, and Ancient Catacombs sub-areas. Proposed measures-two bus-stop extensions, and one new tram halt would reduce unserved sites to 8.5 per cent. Six optimised cultural routes cut average walking time within heritage clusters to maximise exposure to unique assets. A dashboard links routes, heritage metadata, and multimodal travel options as well as enabling user-defined preference customisation. The research demonstrates GIS's capacity to integrate qualitative heritage evaluation with quantitative mobility analytics, offering a transferable model for sustainable, economically beneficial urban heritage management.

Purpose -This study investigates the commercial resurgence of public spaces in Kuwait through the growing presence of food trucks and their influence on urban life, with a focus on their role in temporary place-making (TPM). Frequently operating in a drive-through capacity, these mobile vendors have introduced new challenges related to spatial organization, urban regulation and public infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach -Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study centers on a detailed case study of food trucks in Qortuba -a residential area hosting 22 trucks -complemented by interviews with food truck owners and a nationwide survey of public perceptions. Findings -The findings reveal several pressing issues, including unauthorized parking, inadequate shading, limited pedestrian accessibility and a lack of essential infrastructure. These challenges point to a critical need for urban design strategies that balance vehicular convenience with pedestrian movement and neighborhood livability. The study highlights the popularity of food trucks, particularly among youth, who are drawn by convenience and food quality, often staying in idling cars during visits, raising questions about sustainability and inclusivity. While food trucks thrive in residential areas, parks, coastal zones, and parking lots -especially in pleasant weather -concerns persist about noise, air pollution and visual disorder. Practical implications -The paper concludes by proposing policy and design measures that integrate food trucks more thoughtfully into the cityscape, through six TPM principles. Originality/value -The paper frames food trucks as catalysts of TPM, capable of animating underutilized urban spaces. By examining these mobile units as dynamic, short-term urban interventions, the study contributes a novel perspective to urban discourse.

The spatio-temporal changes in plant communities along the macro-channel of the Olifants River in the Central Bushveld were investigated over a 26-year period. A variable belt transect method was used to resurvey selected sites previously assessed approximately 26 years ago. Species richness increased from upstream to downstream, driven by an influx of forbs, dwarf shrubs, and shrubs, with a notable rise in naturalised alien and invasive alien species. Canopy cover changes varied within and between plant communities, increasing in the upstream and downstream sections but decreasing in midstream areas. These shifts in species richness, canopy cover, composition and structure suggest a response to land use and integrated disturbance regimes, including river regulation, commercial and subsistence agriculture, development and conservation efforts, which interact with natural disturbances such as floods amid climate change. This underscores the need for stricter implementation and monitoring of legislation to protect water resources at the land-use level and preserve the natural functionality of riparian systems.

İnsanın var olduğu ve yaşamın sürdüğü her alanda hareket vardır. Mobil araçlar, şehir ölçeğinde hareketi sağlayan önemli toplu taşıma araçlarındandır. Sürekli bir döngü halinde olan bu araçlar zamanla ihtiyaçlara cevap verememekte ve gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak yenileri ile değiştirilmektedir. Atıl kalan ve artık kullanılmayan mobil araçlar ise çürümeye terkedilmektedir. Kullanılmayan mobil araçların dönüşümü ve yeniden kullanımı mümkündür. Araştırma kapsamında dünya üzerinde yeniden işlevlendirilen tramvay örnekleri incelenmiş, Konya eski tramvay vagonlarının tarihi ve teknik özelliklerine yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Konya ilinde atıl vaziyette bulunan tramvay vagonlarının dönüştürülerek yeni bir işlev kazandırılmasına yönelik kullanıcıların lokasyona bağlı olarak fonksiyon tercihlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma yönteminde mekânsal algı çalışmalarında geçerli ve güvenilir bulunan anlamsal farklılaşma ölçeklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Tramvay vagonlarının dönüşebileceği 5 farklı işlev grubu belirlenmiş olup Konya'da ikamet eden 77 kişiden çevrimiçi bir anket ile bu işlev önerilerini değerlendirmeleri istenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda tramvay kafe-restoran, tramvay sınıf-atölye-kütüphane ve tramvay büfe-manav-market olumlu karşılanırken; tramvay otel-yurt-pansiyon ve tramvay konut daha olumsuz değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca olası kullanıcıların şehir merkezinde en çok tramvay kafe-restoran, kampüs içerisinde ise en çok tramvay sınıf-atölye-kütüphane olmasını tercih ettikleri görülmüştür.

Energy transitions play a crucial role in addressing today's social, economic, and ecological challenges. However, recent studies show that energy transitions may reproduce current injustices and potentially create new injustices. To address the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens which may arise with energy-related innovations, energy justice has become a key issue in energy transitions research. This article focuses on how innovative living spaces (ILS)-namely Positive Energy Districts and ecovillages in Europeaddress energy justice. These two forms of ILS represent top-down (Positive Energy Districts) and bottom-up (ecovillages) sustainability solutions. So far, their respective potentials and shortcomings in terms of energy justice and what we can learn from them are insufficiently understood. Based on an exploratory qualitative multiple case study, this article addresses this gap. To study energy justice in ILS, we extend the dominant theoretical discourse on energy justice to include energy of human, animals, plants, and ecosystems, as well as understanding animals, plants, and ecosystems as stakeholders of energy transitions. The results suggest that although both forms of ILS are currently niche developments, both are promising approaches to improve energy justice. At the same time, our analysis highlights the complexity of implementing energy justice on the local level. Design (bottom-up, topdown), emphasis (ecological solutions, energy technologies) and (non)intentionality affect energy justice in ILS. Our empirical insights suggest that ILS can inspire other residential areas to reflect on energy justice issues, and closer cooperation between Positive Energy Districts and ecovillages may contribute to creating more awareness for energy justice.

Urbanization is a characteristic of rapidly growing cities, which will, in turn, generate peri-urban areas. Extensive urbanization has occurred in Ado-Ekiti, the capital city of Ekiti State in Nigeria, resulting in the establishment of peri-urban settlements. Transport behavior in intra-urban areas of these settlements is the subject of this paper, and concerns, opportunities, and implications of transport dynamics for socioeconomic activity are discussed. The study deconstructs how poor infrastructure, informal transport, and spatial inequality organize mobility and urban integration. The findings present lessons in sustainable planning to optimize accessibility and connectivity in peri-urban Ado-Ekiti.

One of the most basic duties of strategist managers is foreseeing the future based on previous experiences and making a prediction in the moment in order to achieve future goals. Planning is a scheme of the past for making decisions in the moment corresponding to a future act. We cannot control the changes, but we can be prepared for them. On the other hand, considering the current intense economic fluctuations; resource limitation and price inefficiency of services in municipal organizations, determination of several various organizational duties and being autonomous and, variability of citizens' expectations and preferences in public goods have caused several problems for municipality managers in selecting sustainable income and financial resources. The present applied, structural and survey-based study provides a new conceptual model and makes use of indirect longitudinal observations over the timeline of 2011-2015 and the research data collected from 57 known elites including university instructors, experts, municipality managers and, members of the Islamic-council in addition to the application of the AHP method in order to explore, prioritize and select suitable strategies for securing municipalities' sustainable income and financial resources. Furthermore, research questions about the inequality of the competent main and subsidiary strategies' statuses in terms of strategic planning of sustainable income and financial resources of municipalities are elaborated on while prioritization of the former strategies for achieving the mentioned resources is completed using the

An acoustical palette for urban design interventions was developed as part of a soundscape study for the redevelopment of a transition district in a medium-sized city. Design strategies included reducing, buffering and mitigating undesirable existing sounds; preserving and enhancing desirable existing sounds; and introducing design elements that bring with them new sounds and activities that are desired to enhance the acoustical, architectural and social life of the district. A series of acoustical measurements, modeling, auralizations and corresponding architectural design studies were executed to explore the possibilities for the acoustical interventions as urban design strategies. The result of the study consists of a series of aural and architectural images of proposed design elements for inclusion in the new district plan.

The sheer complexity and unpredictability characterising cities challenges the adequacy of existing disciplinary knowledge and tools in urban design and highlights the necessity to incorporate explicitly the element of change and the dimension of time in the understanding of, and intervention on, the form of cities. To this regard the concept of resilience is a powerful lens through which to understand and engage with a changing world. However, resilience is currently only superficially addressed by urban designers, and an explicit effort to relate elements of urban form to resilience principles is still lacking. This represents a great limit for urban designers, as the physical dimension of cities is the matter they work with in the first place. In this paper, we combine established knowledge in urban morphology and resilience theory. We firstly look at resilience theory and consistently define five proxies of resilience in urban form, namely diversity, redundancy, modularity, conn...

G ünümüzde kentler, dinlenme, rekreasyon ve ulaşım gibi temel işlevleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Üniversiteler ulaşım, barınma, dinlenme gibi temel kent fonksiyonlarını küçük ölçeklerde bünyelerinde barındırırlar. Bir yaşam alanı olarak üniversite yerleşkeleri çok yönlü kullanım alanlarına ihtiyaç duyar ve bu yönüyle kentlere benzetilebilir. Benzerliklerinden dolayı kent ve üniversite planlaması önem kazanmaktadır . Üniversite yerleşkeleri, eğitim alanları olmakla birlikte aynı zamanda; barınma, sosyalleşme, dinlenme, kültürel etkinlikler ve ulaşım gibi çok yönlü işlevsel mekanlar haline gelmiştir. Genel bir tanımla, üniversite yerleşkeleri farklı işlevleri bünyesinde barındıran yapılar olarak nitelendirilebilir (Brase,

In un libro scritto agli inizi degli anni Ottanta, Per uscire dal ventesimo secolo, Edgar Morin mise in luce i fallimenti della futurologia: la futurologia degli anni Sessanta riteneva che il passato fosse arcinoto, che il presente fosse chiaramente noto, che il basamento delle nostre società fosse stabile e che su queste sicure fondamenta venisse forgiato l'avvenire, nello sviluppo delle tendenze dominanti dell'economia, della tecnica, della scienza, e grazie a questo sviluppo. Il pensiero tecnoburocratico credeva in tal modo di poter prevedere l'avvenire […]. Ma in realtà i futurologi hanno edificato un futuro immaginario partendo da un presente astratto. Per loro il posto del futuro è stato preso da uno pseudopresente imbottito di ormoni. Gli strumenti rozzi, mutilati, mutilanti che servono a essi per percepire e per concepire il reale li ha resi ciechi non soltanto all'imprevedibile, ma anche al prevedibile (1989, p. 273).

As relações espaciais evidenciadas no território urbano nacional e
curitibano contemporâneo demonstram fragilidades insustentáveis, tanto do ponto de vista do que se pressupõem coerente para a concretização de
condições de maior justiça socioambiental, quanto à ocupação do espaço físico em si, à eficiência do uso dos recursos, dos serviços e equipamentos, que deveriam permitir um acesso ágil às configurações físicas, sociais e culturais a que todos têm direito, como os locais de trabalho, educação, lazer e as atividades e interações humanas ali desenvolvidas (CARVALHO, 2014; BRANCO, 2016). Há muito as metrópoles brasileiras reproduzem no espaço a segregação socioeconômica praticada entre os grupos sociais, como ressalta Corrêa do Lago (2007). A mobilidade é condição essencial para acesso a recursos de desenvolvimento pessoal e coletivo. Ressalta-se que a mobilidade é essencial ao Direito à cidade (LEFEBVRE, 2001). A  localização de moradias e demais funções urbanas deve levar em conta a necessidade de deslocamento. Percebe-se um desafio no traçado urbano devido à desconexão de centralidades, tanto nos sistemas de transporte, quanto nos percursos de outros modais e também quanto à localização de instituições e locais de trabalho. Cabe reflexão para subsídio ao planejamento, e também para ações de gestão urbana e cidadania
mais coerentes, visando eficiência funcional e maior sustentabilidade
socioambiental.
A hipótese é de que há ganhos sociais e econômicos quando a política
urbana de mobilidade assume a valorização e otimização do uso do tempo dos habitantes por meio do uso integrado de diversos modais, e também pelo planejamento de uma maior eficiência alocativa entre moradia, serviços e equipamentos públicos. Como recorte espacial de estudo se adota o Município de Curitiba, mais especificamente as áreas periféricas que concentram os locais de implantação dos conjuntos habitacionais implantados pela Companhia de Habitação Popular de Curitiba (COHAB-CT), no período entre 1965 a 2015. O objetivo é de compreender a articulação espacial entre a localização predominante dos assentamentos de baixa renda implantados pelo Sistema da COHAB-CT de Curitiba e as linhas principais do sistema de transporte coletivo
conhecido por BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), visualizando possibilidades de linhas de modal de transporte. O artigo finaliza com uma reflexão a respeito de possibilidades de implantação de um modal de alta capacidade e eficiência como o Sistema VLT-Maglev, para substituir o sistema atual, com foco na periferia.

Şubat 2023 depremlerinin neden olduğu yıkımın yanında yeniden inşa süreçleri Antakya kent formunda hızlı değişimlere sebep olmaktadır. Antakya’da kentsel formun sürekliliği, kültür, toplum ve kentsel yaşamın devamlılığı için bir gerekliliktir. Bu çalışmada Antakya'da depremden bugüne kadar kent formunda yaşanan değişimler, kent morfolojisi alanının analitik araçları kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Akevler ve Gülderen mahallelerinde yaşanan yeniden yapılanma sürecinde kent dokusundaki süreklilikleri ve kopuşları tespit etmek ve kentsel sürekliliğin sağlanması için bir takım önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda makalenin birinci bölümünde "kentsel süreklilik" kavramının çoklu bileşenleri tartışılmış, makalenin ikinci bölümde ise Antakya'da yeniden inşa süreçlerini tamamlamak üzere olan iki mahalle üzerinden yaşanan dönüşüm incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler, 'rezerv alan' politikasıyla parsellerin ortadan kaldırılması sebebiyle yalnızca tekil kentsel plan öğelerinin sürekliliğinin değil, aynı zamanda bu öğeler arasındaki diyalektik ilişkilerin sürekliliğinin sağlanmasının önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, kentsel çeperde yer alan büyük ölçekli toplu konut alanlarının, kentsel çeperin yabancılaşmasına, iç çeper kuşağında spekülatif gelişmelerin ortaya çıkmasına ve kentsel periferide kopuk ve bağlamsız merkezlerin oluşmasına neden olmakta; tüm bu süreçler hem kentsel sürekliliği hem de kolektif hafızayı ve sosyal sürdürülebilirliği zedelemektedir. Makale, Antakya'da deprem ve yeniden inşa sonrası mekansal değişimin belgelenmesi ve ani bozulmalar sonrası sürekliliği sağlayacak kentleşme pratikleri önermesi açısından alana katkı sunmaktadır. Çalışma, günümüzde iklim değişikliği temelli ekolojik yıkımların kentleri tehdit ettiği bir dönemde ani yıkımlar sonrası yeniden yapılaşmanın kodlarını oluşturabilmek açısından değerlidir.

Participatory flood risk mapping (PFRM) is a well-recognized and widely implemented tool for meaningful community involvement in disaster risk reduction (DRR). The effectiveness of PFRM remains anecdotal. The PFRM exercise has rarely been applied identically in two different places by two different organizations, which produces varied and uncertain outcomes. In the absence of any agreed and comprehensive framework for participatory DRR, existing studies struggle to provide a scientific account of how the structure, design, and process of PFRM ensure the effective participation of local communities. This study, examines what factors and methods make PFRM an effective participatory DRR tool. In this study, we first identified the process-based criteria of participation. Then we briefly introduced a participatory flood risk mapping exercise conducted in a flood-prone informal settlement in Dharavi, Mumbai. The exercise was carefully designed to meet the process criteria of effective pa...

Summer course BEIL 6013 BE Nomad Japan Studio 2023 will engage the theme of urban regeneration on the watefronts of Tokyo Bay. Teaching and research activities will be carried out in cooperation with students of Department of Architecture of Waseda University in Tokyo. Through mapping, the review and analysis of relevant information, you will develop initial visions which will inform the design response. For this course you are invited to propose, develop and present innovative concepts and practical ideas leading to sustainable and eco-friendly architectural solutions, effective city planning strategies and urban design proposals to cope with the specific problems existing in the local built environment in order to deliver healthy and livable spaces, and high-quality urban places.
The course has been supported with a grant from DFAT/AJF - Australia Japan Foundation in 2022.

Smart cities rely on technology to achieve automated and intelligent urban management, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a key role. Using Singapore as a case study, this paper proposes a smart city framework that combines multi-source data fusion with deep learning, focusing on traffic flow prediction and urban energy consumption optimization. Based on open data from the Singapore government and information collected from sensor networks, we trained a hybrid model of an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory network (LSTM) to model and predict multiple urban indicators. Results show that the system improves accuracy by 12.4% in traffic prediction tasks and saves approximately 8.9% in energy consumption control simulations. This study demonstrates that AI combined with data fusion strategies can effectively improve urban governance efficiency and provides a model for other cities.

The Gandhian Philosophy of Cleanliness became the dream of India’s Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. His dream got celebrated widely in India when the campaign Swachh Bharat Abiyan was launched on Gandhi Jayanti i.e. Second of October in 2014. This campaign received the support and appreciation not only from India but worldwide. The aim of this campaign is to make India clean, encourage healthy living and to make the entire India open defecation free. Since its inception, the campaign worked on cleaning streets, public places, heritage places, building toilets in rural areas and also encouraging waste segregation and proper disposal of waste. The overall burden of work gradually shifts to the Indian Sweepers as known as Safai Karamcharis. This research paper attempts to identify the perception of sweepers towards receiving general people’s cooperation in effective waste segregation. The perception of sweepers will be measured through the survey. The primary data will help in analyz...

With most of the world`s population living in cities and urban areas, cities are currently seeking new strategies to integrate nature into the built environment. Urban waterways, and their adjacent urban areas, have been typically the main concern of these strategies. Urban waterfronts, although often sites of heavy development, are rarely designed to reflect the innate human need for contact with nature, commonly known as 'Biophilia'. Within this context, the main objective of this paper is to explore biophilic indicators in Central Cairo's waterfront, under the guidelines of 'Biophilic Urbanism' approach, which expands the practice of biophilia on the scale of cities and urban areas. The paper follows an analytical case study approach. Methods of data collection included a literature review, on-site observations, concurrent with semi-structured interviews when possible, and an online survey. An in-depth analysis of data was then carried out to assess the degree of integration of the Nile waterfront within the urban fabric of the city to identify biophilic perceptions in the waterfront. Results demonstrate that users of the Nile waterfront are rarely allowed physical access to the water. Visual access is mostly provided, with minor exceptions. Other cross-cutting findings indicate a lack of longitudinal and lateral social connectivity to the waterfront, lack of continuous appropriate pedestrian trails, and a general lack of green spaces and public amenities.

The city is a complex living organism mostly affected by decisions taken whether they are political, organizational, or design decisions. Such decisions vary in scale starting with planning, urban design, and architectural scales. Urban design has been commonly agreed to occupy a hypothetical intersection between planning and architecture. It emerged to bridge the disciplinary gap between architecture and planning. Since 1960s urban design literature attempted to define what good urban design and good city form is, and the process to achieve it; yet in practice the end product doesn’t always achieve high quality in terms of urban design initial objectives. Over the last decades, the gap between disciplinary dreams in theory and real outcomes translated as urban design product of different practices has been growing in the field of urban planning and urban design. Since the urban design product does not meet its expected objectives in theory then something must be wrong with it, and ...