University-Industry Collaboration

Originally established to incentivize individual inventors the patent system became broadly used by corporations, and has been increasingly used by universities worldwide. In Brazil, this is not different; especially in recent years when public policy has attempted to more directly foster innovation in the country. However, little is known as to the extent that universities in Brazil are able to coordinate patent-related activities and to facilitate knowledge transfer. On the basis of multiple case studies this paper explores how publiclyfunded universities in Brazil are equipping themselves to deal with intellectual property rights (IPR) as well as technology licensing. The studied cases suggest that despite significant amount of patents applications, Brazilian universities present many differences in the management of their intellectual property. In particular, universities’ TTOs seem to play a central role in university productivity when it comes to patenting and knowledge transfer.

Higher education institutes (universities) make important contribution to the economy and social life. So universities effectiveness is important for industry. Cooperation between university and industry can facilitate the transfer of knowledge and even stimulate the production of new knowledge and technology. University knowledge is applied in industry to support innovation and creation for new technology. University-industry cooperation both foster new university capabilities and effectiveness of higher education. The paper aims to examine the university-industry collaborations for effectiveness of education as a result of the four factor model. While some models explain two or three factors related to the university-industry collaboration, this paper explains four factors. We believe four factors more effective than the other models. These factors are consisting of university, industry, government and civil society organizations.

University- industry is a two-way effect relationship that exists between an industry and a university with the aim of knowledge and technology advancement between the parties. Despite this laudable symbiosis objective, the impetus to ginger the relationship, particularly in quantity surveying profession, has not been explored. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the drivers (that promote) and barriers (that hinder) to university-industry collaboration in quantity surveying profession in Nigeria with a view to entrenching the concept and leveraging on its benefits. Quantitative survey research method was adopted for the study. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires on quantity surveying academia and quantity surveyor practitioners. A total of 126 respondents were samples (52 University lecturers and 74 Quantity Surveying firms) while 66 (52.38%) provided valid responses.  The quantitative data obtained were analysed using frequency distribution, percentages, mean score, standard deviation, and Mann Whitney Test. The findings show the main drivers for university-industry collaboration as willingness of industry to provide the required support, mutual benefit inherent in the collaboration, trainees' access to basic industrial equipment, direct technological opportunity and knowledge capacity of the industry. The main barriers were identified as inadequate resources, willingness of industry to finance areas beneficial to them only, lack of mutual trust, low-level awareness of university research capabilities and capacity constraints of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The findings have significant relevance, particularly within the Nigerian context, in enhancing collaboration between universities and the industry and thereby engender the resultant mutual benefits as it affects quantity surveying education and practice.

Keywords: collaboration, industry, university, Nigeria, quantity surveying.

In recent years, new regional industrial path development has become more important than ever before due to increased competition fuelled by digitalisation and an intensifying globalisation. One way for regions to respond to this increasing global competition is to promote processes that can transform and renew regional industries, as well as processes that can create new industries within regional boundaries. Such processes of change are vital because, if there is no industrial dynamism, regional industries will eventually be outpaced by competitors and the region will face augmented economic challenges. As the issues related to regional industrial change are of such importance, economic geographers have increasingly turned their research attention towards the issue of regional industrial development. Such processes of industrial change have been identified in the relevant literature as evolutionary and path dependent, and it has also been found that processes of regional industrial development unfold within regional innovation systems (RISs). Further, the literature found that such regional innovation systems vary in their number and diversity of actors as well as in their institutional arrangements, and argued that such regional differences will affect the ability of regions to foster and promote industrial renewal and new path creation. However, contemporary research has met some critique. One important criticism refers to the research as being overly focused on systemic factors and less observant of the actors contributing to regional industrial change. Thus, we know relatively little about who the key actors in new regional industrial path development processes are, their distribution of roles, and with whom they interact and share knowledge for innovation. Further, we lack knowledge of how contextual factors influence such processes. This doctoral thesis addresses these shortcomings and presents novel research that aims to shed new light on the process of new regional industrial path development. The main research question addressed in the thesis is the following: Which key actors and mechanisms influence new industrial path development in various regional settings? II Concerning actors, the thesis researches the role of new entrepreneurial firms and suggests a link between innovation radicalism and the ambition of the new entrepreneurial firm on the one hand and the expected effect of the entrepreneurial action to regional industrial development, on the other hand. Further, the thesis introduces the notion of system-level entrepreneurs and assesses the importance of these entrepreneurs in relation to foster industrial development. Concerning the mechanisms, the thesis identifies knowledge sourcing as a key mechanism in new regional industrial path development. It contends that the nature and geography of knowledge sourcing vary and that the expected outcomes of new regional industrial path development should be analysed in relation to the nature of the process and the actors involved in knowledge sharing activities. Finally, when addressing the role of geography, the thesis finds that new industrial path development processes vary in space, because regions are differently conditioned to foster innovativeness and knowledge sourcing activities. The research design of the thesis is inspired by critical realism, and the empirical evidence draws from a rich selection of triangulations. The empirical cases are drawn from several regional innovation systems in Norway. This doctoral thesis includes four articles and this 'kappa' (capstone paper). The four included articles are independent contributions that have either been published in peerreviewed journals or are in the review phase. The articles research new regional industrial path development in various ways. The purpose of the kappa is to outline the overall theoretical and analytical framework as well as the methodological foundation that has informed the presented research. Furthermore, the kappa presents the overall findings and draw conclusions.

In recent years, new regional industrial path development has become more important than ever before due to increased competition fuelled by digitalisation and an intensifying globalisation. One way for regions to respond to this increasing global competition is to promote processes that can transform and renew regional industries, as well as processes that can create new industries within regional boundaries. Such processes of change are vital because, if there is no industrial dynamism, regional industries will eventually be outpaced by competitors and the region will face augmented economic challenges. As the issues related to regional industrial change are of such importance, economic geographers have increasingly turned their research attention towards the issue of regional industrial development. Such processes of industrial change have been identified in the relevant literature as evolutionary and path dependent, and it has also been found that processes of regional industrial development unfold within regional innovation systems (RISs). Further, the literature found that such regional innovation systems vary in their number and diversity of actors as well as in their institutional arrangements, and argued that such regional differences will affect the ability of regions to foster and promote industrial renewal and new path creation. However, contemporary research has met some critique. One important criticism refers to the research as being overly focused on systemic factors and less observant of the actors contributing to regional industrial change. Thus, we know relatively little about who the key actors in new regional industrial path development processes are, their distribution of roles, and with whom they interact and share knowledge for innovation. Further, we lack knowledge of how contextual factors influence such processes. This doctoral thesis addresses these shortcomings and presents novel research that aims to shed new light on the process of new regional industrial path development. The main research question addressed in the thesis is the following: Which key actors and mechanisms influence new industrial path development in various regional settings? II Concerning actors, the thesis researches the role of new entrepreneurial firms and suggests a link between innovation radicalism and the ambition of the new entrepreneurial firm on the one hand and the expected effect of the entrepreneurial action to regional industrial development, on the other hand. Further, the thesis introduces the notion of system-level entrepreneurs and assesses the importance of these entrepreneurs in relation to foster industrial development. Concerning the mechanisms, the thesis identifies knowledge sourcing as a key mechanism in new regional industrial path development. It contends that the nature and geography of knowledge sourcing vary and that the expected outcomes of new regional industrial path development should be analysed in relation to the nature of the process and the actors involved in knowledge sharing activities. Finally, when addressing the role of geography, the thesis finds that new industrial path development processes vary in space, because regions are differently conditioned to foster innovativeness and knowledge sourcing activities. The research design of the thesis is inspired by critical realism, and the empirical evidence draws from a rich selection of triangulations. The empirical cases are drawn from several regional innovation systems in Norway. This doctoral thesis includes four articles and this 'kappa' (capstone paper). The four included articles are independent contributions that have either been published in peerreviewed journals or are in the review phase. The articles research new regional industrial path development in various ways. The purpose of the kappa is to outline the overall theoretical and analytical framework as well as the methodological foundation that has informed the presented research. Furthermore, the kappa presents the overall findings and draw conclusions.

corresponding, and last authors in 55.13%, 44.14%, and 32.15% of articles, respectively. Iranian researchers collaborated with 162 countries, with the USA (almost a quarter), England, and Canada as the main partners. China had the highest annual growth rate (26.7%) among major partners. Most publications were in nutrition and diet, tropical medicine, endocrinology, and metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive map for Iranian policymakers and researchers, as well as for policymakers in Middle Eastern countries, to inform the development of health research. It highlights the importance of international collaboration and funding.

a University of Macerata, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Italy, sabrina.tomasi89@gmail.com, s.tomasi@unimc.com b Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, School of Business and Economics, Norway, giovanna.bertella@uit.no c University of San Raffaele, Rome, Faculty of Agriculture, Italy, cristina.santini@unisanraffaele.gov.it d University of Macerata, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Italy, a.cavicchi@unimc.it

The UK science system consists of institutions thatproduce scientific and technical knowledge and the collaborations between them Collaboration between institutions, as measured using co-authored scientific papers, is increasing steadily. Collaboration between individuals, indicated by papers with more than one author, has been increasing for a long time. Collaboration between institutions in different countries has increased at a constant rate for over 20 years. By the turn of the century institutional collaboration will probably account for more than 50% of UKscientifc output: it will become the rule not the exception, and science policy will need to accommodate this pervasive cooperation. We discuss how policy for science might have to adapt to a highly connected research system

The university-industry collaborations are of considerable significance for the multifaceted and sectoral industrial design discipline. It is one of the most crucial sources for students to obtain ideas and information about which sector they will turn to during their education process. The inclusion of these resources in industrial design education is effective in the student's competence acquisition as well as orientations. We observe that these collaborations, which are the focus of industrial design education in Türkiye, take place in activities, such as project courses, workshops or competitions. To contribute to the development of these models, this study revealed the contributions of the University-Industry cooperation stakeholders and the learning from a descriptive perspective of design educators. The design and design processes of the workshop, which involved 30 students forming six teams, were made and finalized in line with the relevant literature. This study aimed to provide two main contributions: supporting teamwork in educational processes and creating professional interfaces in industrial design. With the experiences gained, a sustainable and collaborative model has been proposed for implementation and development in industrial design education processes.

This paper is an inquiry into the human factor in intermediation. We argue that we have not yet fully grasped the different roles, functions, and ways-of-being of the intermediary and that the concept of first-and second-order "wisdom" is helpful in understanding what it takes to succeed as an intermediary. Through a comprehensive inquiry into human intermediaries in a corporate strategic program for universityindustry collaboration in a global company, we develop a typology based on three fundamental roles: the "Power Promoter," the Diplomat, and the Creative Integrator. On this basis, we argue that the wisdom of the intermediary involves mastering the different roles (first-order wisdom) and deciding between them in each individual situation of intermediation (second-order wisdom). As a result, we advance Hargadon and Sutton's initial insight into the human factor in intermediation, thereby further humanizing the research on intermediation.

The objective of this article is to determine if academic collaboration is associated with the citation‐based performance of articles that are published in management journals. We analyzed 127,812 articles published between 1988 and 2013 in 173 journals on the ISI Web of Science in the “management” category. Collaboration occurred in approximately 60% of all articles. A power–law relationship was found between citation‐based performance and journal size and collaboration patterns. The number of citations expected by collaborative articles increases 21.89 or 3.7 times when the number of collaborative articles published in a journal doubles. The number of citations expected by noncollaborative articles only increases 21.35 or 2.55 times if a journal publishes double the number of noncollaborative articles. The Matthew effect is stronger for collaborative than for noncollaborative articles. Scale‐independent indicators increase the confidence in the evaluation of the impact of the arti...

In this case study I describe my experience of designing assessment tasks underpinned by principles of kindness. I share ideas, processes, challenges, failures and successes in coming to a deeper understanding of how kindness can underpin assessment design and practice, and thus positively shape the student experience.

In view of deteriorating quality of graduates from Nigerian tertiary institutions, this study sought to determine employers' assessment of management science graduates on key employability skills. The study involves the administration of questionnaires by means of convenience sampling on 680 employers of management science graduates in public and private sectors in Edo/Delta States. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyse data. Notwithstanding the age difference, the result obtained shows that employers rated the graduates of management sciences as slightly 'fair'. Notably, employers in the private sector rated management graduates higher and more positively than their counterparts in the public sector. Additionally, the employers in the present study described management science graduates as reliable, employable and hardworking. It was recommended that the quality of management science graduates can be improved by placing emphasis on increased funding, infrastructural development, and educator-employer based curriculum which focuses on practical skills, as well as the reactivation of industrial attachment in the Nigerian universities. On the side of the employers, investment in the orientation and training of new entrants into work organization should not be neglected.

In view of deteriorating quality of graduates from Nigerian tertiary institutions, this study sought to determine employers’ assessment of management science graduates on key employability skills. The study involves the administration of questionnaires by means of convenience sampling on 680 employers of management science graduates in public and private sectors in Edo/Delta States. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyse data. Notwithstanding the age difference, the result obtained shows that employers rated the graduates of management sciences as slightly ‘fair’. Notably, employers in the private sector rated management graduates higher and more positively than their counterparts in the public sector. Additionally, the employers in the present study described management science graduates as reliable, employable and hardworking. It was recommended that the quality of management science graduates can be improved by placing emphasis on increased funding, infrastructural development, an...

Cooperation between Higher Education Institutions and Enterprises (HEI-E-C) is extremely relevant in regional economic development. Therefore, this study aims to understand the role of HEI in academic spin-off creation. To achieve this objective, we adopted the qualitative approach (case study method) and focused on a cooperation relation involving a Portuguese HEI and two academic spin-offs. For data collecting, several interviews with key informants and direct observation were used. Content analysis of the interviews with founders of these academic spin-offs and lecturers teaching the curricular unit of entrepreneurship in the HEI studied, the results identified some essential aspects to understand this type of cooperation (HEI-E): (1) the role of academic entrepreneurship and its importance in the growth of spin-offs for regional economic growth, (2) the influence of academic entrepreneurs' characteristics in the process of creating a spin-off, and (3) academic motivations to create spin-offs and the benefits of cooperation with HEIs. This study also presents implications for theory and educational and business practice.

This paper aims to analyze the university-industry collaboration on the technological development of Petrobras, the Brazilian state-controlled oil company. Based on inventors' names, extracted of patent applications by Petrobras gathered from the PatStat database, and ancillary information from Lattes Platform, we identify the academic jointpatents within Petrobras' patent portfolio. Then we analyze the contribution of university collaboration to support the firm's technological development and its main technical areas. Furthermore, we examine changes in collaboration overtime to explore if the recent R&D funding policy has affected the Petrobras-university interactions. The main findings of this study reveal an upward trend in Petrobras-university inventive collaboration, which is fostered by the R&D funding policy, resulting in an enlargement of the Petrobras' collaborative network. We have also found that universities make background and niche contributions to Petrobras' patenting activities, raising questions about whether collaboration has effectively contributed to strengthen the technological capabilities of the company. The implications of these results to enhance the R&D resources and capabilities of Petrobras, as

In the traditional (pre-colonial) African society, education was regarded as a means to a end and not as an end in itself. That is, education was not an end in itself. That is, education was mainly functional in objective and achieved through the apprenticeship or on-the –job training system. Both the young and the old were practically trained for specific occupation and professions. That type of education, that emphasized social responsibility, relevance to the needs of society and moral values. The ultimate good of traditional African education was to “ produce a man or woman of character, with the useful skill appropriate to his or her status in life ” Fafunwa (1982). As a result, there was no question of unemployment then, and where it existed at all, it was very minimal. The major aim of education in all societies should be a preparation of Youths for a productive working life. In line with these, the paper looks into government policies and the way it affects education and wor...

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the influence of inter-stakeholders’ communication on universities which mutually collaborate with both internal and external stakeholders in frame of university – industry collaboration (UIC) and coordinate their internal structure in this direction.Design/methodology/approach: In this study, literature review and theoretical approach were applied to find out the interrelationships of four basic theories (i.e. Communicative Actions Theory, Media Richness Theory, Actor-Networks Theory, and Stakeholder Theory) that are located amongst inter-stakeholders communication and UIC.Findings: There is a strong nexus between stakeholder theory and other mentioned three theories. Stakeholder theory has a magnet role in combining UIC and inter-stakeholders’ communication. Communicative actions theory, media richness theory and actor-networks theory have supportive and transformative effects on stakeholder theory to uphold the relationships at multiva...

Knowledge sharing and transfer through University-industry collaboration (UIC) is identified as the third mission of Universities supplementary to Mission 1: 'teaching' for production of quality graduates and Mission 2: conducting economically, socially and culturally relevant 'research'. Third mission, like the third eye chakra of humans, opens up the wisdom, clears the path, encourages concentration on what the world needs, and develops a universal connection for Universities.

This study investigated into university-industry collaboration in molding business education graduates for employment because unemployment percentage is rising everyday as a result of skill-mismatch among graduates in which business education is not exempted.

A indústria de software é caracterizada pela inovação, pelo uso intensivo de tecnologia e por sua proximidade das Instituições de Ensino Superior. Embora inserida em uma economia de mercado em que o principal locus da inovação seja a empresa, a história tem mostrado que, de um modo geral, elas não conseguem se capacitar sozinhas, sendo necessária a existência de um sistema nacional de inovação que as auxilie a desenvolver essa atividade. Nesse âmbito, a interação de empresas com universidades exerce um papel relevante. Por meio da análise de uma base de dados sobre interação universidade-empresa no Brasil e de um estudo de casos múltiplos, o artigo tem como objetivo observar a interação entre a universidade e as pequenas e médias empresas de software, atuantes no mercado internacional, localizadas no Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados do estudo indicam que as interações das universidades com as Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs) de software gaúchas atuantes no mercado internacional são...

International audienceEASTEM is a capacity-building project funded by Erasmus+ with the aim of improving employability of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) graduates from partner universities by ensuring students acquire skills needed in the workplace. EASTEM uses approaches from student-centred STEM education to develop the competence of lecturers and bridge the gap between industry and universities. Over the course of three full years (2019-2022) the project brought together ten universities from Asia and three universities from Europe to work together on improving STEM education, creating a platform for partner universities to exchange best practices on student-centred STEM education. Two associate partners, the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam and Vietnam Electronics Industries Association are supporting EASTEM activities

Indigenous community knowledge is indeed essential for the sustainable development of community and University-Industry Linkage (UIL) initiatives. It provides valuable local contextualized expertise, engages local indigenous stakeholders, bridges the gap between academia, industry, and the community, incorporates local traditions and indigenous cultural practices, and creates a long-term impact on society, universities, and industries towards achieving sustainable development goals. Therefore, this study aims to examine the existing indigenous knowledge models for sustainable UIL and community development, thereby developing a unique indigenous knowledge model showing how it transforms the UIL and community development to sustainable development through integrated systems nexus. The study utilizes an in-depth literature review as its methodological approach, examining existing data from literature and conceptual frameworks of innovation development models. The results obtained from this comprehensive review indicate that many research findings have portrayed indigenous knowledge as a primitive method of knowledge sharing. However, the findings of this current research, along with a few other studies, demonstrate that indigenous knowledge serves as a foundation and baseline for UIL and community development, aligned with indigenous culture. This allows for the easy communication and diffusion of knowledge to the user community through their native way of life. The findings have also revealed the dynamic interaction among indigenous communities, industry, universities, and government, showing how these stakeholders collaborate synergistically to achieve sustainable development goals for both the community and UIL initiatives. The model is distinctive in that it introduces the Indigenous

This visual presentation reports on how a material-rooted methodology was utilised to construct pedagogic content in a gallery setting. We review the methodology utilised, titled Clay Cycle, and its potential for leading democratic and creative knowledge production in a pedagogic scenario-for those in addiction recovery. Particular attention is given to the methodology's roots in clays epistemic capacity, and how this intersects with the addiction recovery journey. We then present a case study, detailing how my Clay Cycle methodology was used to steer pedagogic creation/curation at The British Ceramics Biennial. An impact report is shared, which details the methodology's ability to instigate the curation of pedagogic content that enabled deep epistemic cognition relating to the addiction recovery journey. In particular, the way that Clay Cycle's reflexive, iterative, and cyclical process of presenting data 'back' to the individuals with lived experience, afforded 'space' for metacognition. Images of the clay-based pedagogic sessions (workshops) as featured, as will images of individuals and artists interacting with the messy and relational maps, that from the backbone of the methodology.

This research aims to explore a new conceptual model capable of filling the research gap on the experience of nascent entrepreneurs and the quality of knowledge resonance, which centered on exploring voluntary co-creation of shared value. Data were obtained from the experience of 232 start-up multisectoral companies in Java Island, Indonesia.The findings of this study contribute empirically and practically to the knowledge needed to investigate the creation of shared value. The results showed that the direct impact experienced by nascent entrepreneurs is negatively correlated, while the relationship associated with quality resonance of knowledge to the performance of business innovation is positive. Secondly,the concept of the model is proven by the high willingness to explore voluntary co-creation from service-dominant logic to bridge the negative correlation gap of the experience of nascent entrepreneurs. Thirdly, the direct impact led to the voluntary creation of shared value com...

A stable regulatory framework for knowledge-based societies is a necessary but not sufficient condition for organizational innovation. The transformation of higher educational institutions, in particular universities, whether through internal or external impetuses from a teaching to a research and to an entrepreneurial university is a key element in creating a viable triple helix. Government actor's focus on innovation as well as traditional government activities is also a prerequisite. If knowledge-based industries are lacking; universitygovernment interactions can help jump-start their creation. We argue that for Africa to integrate itself into the global knowledge economy, its development agenda should be organized around reinvigorated higher educational institutions that foster triple helix interactions. 1 The triple helix model The triple helix model places a greater emphasis on interaction, external linkages and collaboration. It represents a radical departure from the conventional development models that has separated the three institutional spheres and has consistently left out universities from development strategies and policies. The new focus in bringing these three complementary but distinct spheres to work in tandem reflects an assisted linear model of science and innovation policy. [2] As a result, the triple helix system has altered the development field. It is now possible for technology transfer to play a residual role in support of the development of indigenous technological capability through learning by production, learning by adaptation and learning by innovation. [3] Conversely, the model can also be used to apply advanced science and technology in biotechnology and information technology to development problems in least developed countries. The potential for future economic development increasingly lies within higher educational institutions, not only because of their research potential that may be underutilized, the so-called "European paradox", but also, because higher educational institutions have the students, an ever-renewing source of new ideas. Students may also be trained and encouraged to be entrepreneurs and be inspired to take up new roles as firm founders in a society lacking a strong entrepreneurial tradition, like Brazil, or add value to natural and raw agricultural product-dependent societies like Africa. New sources of economic growth are required to propel Africa and integrate it into the global knowledge economy. In current international competitive circumstances, innovation is too im-

This study examines the co-creation between a public university and industry and the building blocks that shape co-creation in the context of Pakistan. A conceptual framework has been developed based on the perspective of Service Dominant Logic, which connotes that value is created from the integration of resources through interactions between co-creating partners. The aim of this study is to elucidate the types of resources used for integration by employing different modes of interactions for value creation sought by the university and industry. For this purpose, a case study based on the co-creation between the Centre of Excellence for Molecular Biology (CEMB) at University of the Punjab and Four Brothers (Pvt) Ltd is conducted, to develop Transgenic Cotton technology, which was first of its kind in Pakistan. Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews from a sample of 13 respondents. Thematic analysis was used after transcribing and importing data to NVivo 12 plus. The study revealed the type of resources, interactions and value or outcome sought that characterized the successful co-creation. It also highlights the challenges faced during the collaborative project. Finally, the recommendations are proposed for the enhancement of co-creation within the context of industry and public university of Pakistan.

Design has a key role to play in developing innovative solutions to current challenges -approaches that must consider the needs of end users and integrate sustainability criteria in processes and strategies for creating products and services. The Circular Design Project () is a European project funded by Erasmus+ Knowledge Alliance within the social business and the educational innovation field. The goal of this Circular Design project is to promote sustainable production and consumption of products and services in Europe. The project have four objectives: to increase and improve the learning strategies of Design for Sustainability, identifying opportunities for sustainably designed products and services as well as business opportunities in both higher education institutions and industries in Europe; To gather and cluster open educational resources and training courses for industry staff and academics in Innovative Design for Sustainability; To train up innovative and entrepreneurial designers who are capable of dealing with a transition towards Design for Sustainability as a mainstream design approach, as well as to promote cooperation and mobility with the EU's partner countries; and to establish a basis for a permanent and active European Network of Design for Sustainability. This was achieved through a knowledge co-creation process and the development and pilot training materials in order to teach and train students, faculty and enterprise staff of the design sector. The project formed by 12 partners is organised around four country hubs in Ireland, The Netherlands, Catalonia and Sweden.

Purpose This paper aims to present key characteristics of educational design briefs for the circular economy (CE) through the analysis of 11 design briefs focussing on real-life challenges related to sustainability and the CE, developed with collaborating industry partners for four consecutive circular design internships conducted in Ireland, Catalunya, The Netherlands and Sweden. Design/methodology/approach These four internships were conducted between September 2017 and June 2019 and each internship lasted three to four months. The supervisors for each internship collaborated with local industry partners genuinely interested in adopting sustainable business practices to develop design briefs focussing on real-life challenges they face. The briefs for each internship were developed further according to the feedback of the interns, industry partners and supervisors of previous internships. Findings Five steps of brief making for circular design were identified as reviewing the exist...

Abstract: This paper examines the critical challenges faced by higher education institutions, focusing on outdated curricula, the overreliance on passive lecture-based instruction, faculty shortages, and the persistent digital divide. It highlights the growing disconnect between traditional pedagogical methods and the evolving demands of the modern workforce, particularly in relation to the integration of AI, sustainability, and digital literacy. Through a detailed exploration of these challenges, the paper proposes a range of policy interventions and institutional strategies, including curriculum modernization, the shift towards active learning models, and the incorporation of technology to bridge gaps in faculty and resources. Additionally, the research calls for further studies to assess the long-term impacts of active learning on career outcomes and explores the potential role of AI in personalizing education for underserved populations. The paper emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive reform in higher education to align curricula with industry demands, foster student-centered learning, and ensure equitable access to educational resources.

PurposeThere is a global concern about the effectiveness of vocational education and training (VET) programmes in developing job-related skills and competencies for real-world environments for disadvantaged and unemployed youths. Experiential learning (EL) is a major component of VET programmes. This article aims to examine the effects of facilitating VET through EL theory to promote youths' skills acquisition. The study looks at the effects of material resources on the use of experiential learning theory (ELT), the types of EL and the contribution of ELT to VET programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe research design mainly entails a qualitative research design and research method to allow the researcher to view the reality as is experienced from the inside out by the trainees and training centre managers on important data for a thorough understanding. The study participants were 512 young trainees who completed different training courses from the VET programmes and 24 centre ...

In enhancing youth employability and entrepreneurship, the designing and funding of youth development programmes adopting a national approach is necessary but not a sufficient approach to poverty reduction. This is because there are discrepancies in the nature and rate of unemployment in various sectors, regions, communities, urban and rural areas in the country which cannot be tackled using a national approach. In other words, youth development programmes should concentrate, from formulation to implementation and feedback stage, on locality, nature of unemployment, basic natural resources available in a particular community; existing skills and businesses, which are usually practiced at subsistence level and other unique characteristics prevalent in such communities. Consequently, this study propose a new framework that focuses on the local labour market that can employed in enhancing youth employability in Nigeria. In line with this, this study adopted the Positive Youth Model and...

Sayfa No Tablo 1.1 Yeni ürün sınıfları ……………………………………………………... 5 Tablo 2.1 Bir proje için görev tanım tablosu …………………………………… Tablo 2.2 Kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarının hiyerarşik sınıflandırılması ………………… Tablo 2.3 Döşeme kaplamaları için kullanıcı ihtiyaç tablosu örneği ………… Tablo 2.4 Metrik özellikler listesi ………………………………………………… Tablo 3.1 Seramik kaplamalara yönelik genel standartlar …………………… Tablo 3.2 CE işareti taşıyacak ürün grupları-inşaat malzemeleri……………. Tablo 3.3 D firmasının ürün geliştirme süreci ………………………………….. Tablo 4.1 Ürün geliştirme sürecinde görev alan departmanların durumu ….. Tablo 4.2 Firmaların ürün geliştirme tipleri …………………………………….. Tablo 4.3 Firmaların kullandıkları yeni ürün başarı göstergeleri …………….. Tablo 4.4 Firmaların yeni ürün geliştirme fikir kaynakları …………………….. Tablo 4.5 Proje değerlendirme ve önceliklendirme aşaması faaliyetleri ……. Tablo 4.6 Gözden geçirme aşaması faaliyetleri ………………………………. Tablo 4.7 Kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesinin nedenleri …………………. Tablo 4.8 Hedef özelliklerin konması ………………………………………….. Tablo 4.9 Kavram oluşturma sürecinde meydana gelebilecek işlev sorunları Tablo 4.10 Kavram seçim aşamasında kullanılan yöntemler …………………. Tablo 4.11 Final özelliklerin konması ……………………………………………. Tablo 4.12 Detaylı tasarım aşaması faaliyetleri ………………………………… Tablo 4.13 Planlama ve spesifikasyon aşaması ……………………………….. Tablo A.1 B firması tasarım izlenebilirlik formu ……………………………….. Tablo A.2 B firması planlama formu (21.Form.20) ……………………………. Tablo A.3 B firması tasarım talep formu (21.Form.21) ……………………….. Tablo A.4 B firması tasarım özet formu (21.Form.23) ………………………… ix ŞEKİL LİSTESİ Sayfa No Şekil 2.1 : Döşeme kaplama firmasının standart ürün geliştirme süreci…….. Şekil 3.1 : A firmasının ürün geliştirme süreci………………………………….. Şekil 3.2 : B firmasının ürün geliştirme süreci …………………………………. Şekil 3.3 : C firmasının ürün geliştirme süreci …………………………………. Şekil 3.4 : D firmasının ürün geliştirme süreci………………………………….. Şekil 4.1 : Başlıca üretilen ürünler……………………………………………….. Şekil 4.2 : Kuruluş yılları………………………………………………………….. Şekil 4.3 : Hitap edilen pazar ……………………………………………………. Şekil 4.4 : Firmalarda Ar-Ge departmanının mevcudiyeti…………………….. Şekil 4.5 : Ürün geliştirme stratejisi …………………………………………….. Şekil 4.6 : Ürün geliştirme planlama süresi ……………………………………. Şekil 4.7 : Ortalama ürün geliştirme süresi ……………………………………. Şekil 4.8 : Ürünün ortalama geri dönüş süresi ………………………………… Şekil 4.9 : Ürün geliştirme projelerinde üst yönetim, pazarlama ve imalat departmanının görev alma durumu …………………………………. Şekil 4.10 : Ürün geliştirme projelerinde finans departmanının görev alma durumu ………………………………………………………………… Şekil 4.11 : Ürün geliştirme projelerinde farklı departmanlardan gelen çalışanlardan oluşturulmuş bir proje takımının görev alma durumu Şekil 4.12 : Görev tanımlaması ve iş planının yapılması ………………………. Şekil 4.13 : Kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ………………………………… Şekil 4.14 : Yeni ürün için hammadde temin edilmesi …………………………. Şekil 4.15 : Hammadde kalite güvencesi yapılması ……………………………. Şekil 4.16 : Üretim eğitimleri ………………………………………………………. Şekil 4.17 : Ürünün kullanıcıya iletilmesi konusunda gerekli planlamaların yapılması ……………………………………………………………….. x DÖŞEME KAPLAMA MALZEMELERİ İÇİN GELİŞTİRİLMİŞ ÜRÜN GELİŞTİRME SÜRECİNİN UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI ÖZET Ürün geliştirme, teknik olanakları pazar fırsatları ile birleştirerek, bir ihtiyacı karşılamak üzere, fikirleri yeni ya da yenilenmiş ürünlere dönüştürme sürecidir. Yeni ürün geliştirme pek çok sanayide işlerin devamlılığı için hayati öneme sahip bir faktördür. Ülkemizde ürün geliştirme süreçleri genellikle firma içerisinde kalmakta ve sistematik bir süreç izlenmemektedir. Sistematik ürün geliştirme süreci, kalite güvencesinin kontrol atına alınmasını, koordineli ve planlı bir çalışma yapılmasını, daha etkin yönetimi ve organizasyonun geliştirilmesini sağlar. Bu nedenle firmalar sistematik bir ürün geliştirme sürecine sahip olmalıdırlar. Çalışmada, döşeme kaplama malzemeleri için geliştirilmiş ürün geliştirme sürecinin, mevcut firmalar tarafından uygulama olanaklarının analiz edilip değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Birinci bölümde, tezin yapılış amacı, önemi, yöntemi, kapsamı ve sınırlılıkları açıklanıp konu ile ilgili tanımlara değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, mevcut ürün geliştirme süreçlerinden uyarlanarak döşeme kaplama malzemeleri için geliştirilmiş olan bir ürün geliştirme süreci tanımlanmış ve bu süreçte yer alan adımlar tek tek ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren bazı seramik firmalarının ürün geliştirme süreçleri örneklenmiş ve analiz edilerek, bölümün sonunda süreçlerin genel değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, döşeme kaplamaları için geliştirilmiş olan ürün geliştirme süreç modelinin Türkiye'deki bazı seramik firmaları tarafından uygulanabilirliği, anket yöntemi ile var olan şekliyle betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu yöntem ile elde edilen bulgular, firmaların tanımlayıcı özelliklerine ilişkin bulgular ve firmaların ürün geliştirme sistemlerine ilişkin bulgular olmak üzere iki başlık altında toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümü olan beşinci bölümde, sonuçlar ve öneriler, Ek'inde ise seramik firmalarına uygulanmış olan ürün geliştirme süreci anketi ve B firmasının ürün geliştirme faaliyetlerinde yer alan prosedürler ile ilgili formlar yer almaktadır.

Hermed praesenteres forskningsrapport nr. 8 i ELYK projektet: E-laering, yderområder og klyngedannelse. Rapporten praesenter et nyt e-laeringskoncept til inspiration for uddannelsesudviklere og forskere, som arbejder med it-støttet kompetenceudvikling og udvikling af nye it-didaktiske designs. Alle koncepterne udviklet i ELYK projektet forsøger at udvikle nytaenkende svar på indlejrede sociale, kulturelle og didaktiske rutiner/praksisser/logikker i specifikke uddannelseskontekster og traekker på en bred forståelse af e-laering som digitalt medieret kompetenceudvikling. E-laeringens traditionelle styrkesider genkendes i konceptet "Den digitale patientmappe". Viden repraesenteres gennem redundant kommunikation med fokus på digitale mediers muligheder for visualisering og multimodale udtryksformer. Fleksibilitet er et andet kendt potentiale ved e-laering, og konceptet "Den digitale patientmappe" inddrager disse muligheder for fleksibilitet i tid, sted og mobilitet og giver herved patienterne ubegraenset adgang ikke kun til digitale ressourcer, men også til et digitalt understøttet faellesskab med fysioterapeuten. Kigger man på tvaers af de udviklede koncepter i ELYK projektet, så er det helt nye, som ELYK-projektet har bidraget med, et overordnet designframework, vi kalder "koblede kontekster". Dette koncept er i "Den digitale patientmappe" anvendt til udvikling af en digitalt understøttet kobling af tre forskellige rum: klinikrummet, traeningsrummet og hjemmerummet. Alle de nye e-laeringskoncepter, som er udviklet i ELYK projektet, kan findes på projektets hjemmeside www.elyk.dk Jeg takker EU og mål 2 programmet for den støtte, som projektet har modtaget. En saerlig tak skal lyde til alle de "brugere", som har deltaget i udviklingen af de nye koncepter. Venlig hilsen

We are excited to present the proceedings from our second one-day symposium at Leeds Arts University focusing on how to expand communities of sustainable practice within and beyond art and design schools. Given the need for art and design education to transform its mode of operating in times of massive ecological crises, the symposium was an opportunity to learn from cases of good practice, to get feedback on one's initiatives and to network with others eager to make art and design education an effective advocate of sustainable practice. Communities of sustainable practice are groups or networks of educators, designers, artists, craftspeople, researchers and students who aim to place sustainability concerns at the heart of their practice. Through the symposium we wanted to provide a space for people involved in such initiatives to effectively network and strategise together in order to enhance the positive impact and reach of what they do. During this one-day symposium, we focused on the importance of collaboration and networks in creating art and design practices that contribute to eco-social sustainability. We were especially interested in complicating as well as expanding the notions of sustainability within art and design education and how they contribute to engaging the public in sustainable and progressively transformative eco-social practices. We are convinced that sustainability is also about meshing up and intersecting practice and theory, thus the day encompassed theoretical and practical engagements with sustainabilityalways with a focus on making this day productive in terms of building alliances, projects and shared commitments between the people attending. People who are active within art and design schools who foster sustainability initiatives contributed to the debates: tutors, students, technicians, researchers and more. We especially valued contributions by students as this is where many of the most innovative initiatives come from. This one-day event included a presentation by keynote speaker Dr. Joanna Boehnert, parallel discussion sessions where participants presented their initiatives and networking lunch enabling discussions allowing knowledge transfer around pressing issues that art and design education faces in terms of engaging with ecological crises.

United Nations University, Institute for New Technologies, Keizer Karelplein 19, 6211 TC Maastricht, The Netherlands Tel: (31) (43) 350 6300, Fax: (31) (43) 350 6399, e-mail: postmaster@intech.unu.edu, URL: http://www.intech.unu.edu ... Government, Innovation ...

Design is integral to the UK economy, and with the rise of service design and design thinking has also become a means of addressing society's greatest challenges -such as social and environmental sustainability. Design education is under pressure however, and there is an apparent disconnect between the concerns of young people and the 'real' world, and the traditional preoccupations of design courses: creating and selling more stuff. This study was conducted in collaboration with the Royal Society of Art's Student Design Awards (SDA). 55 staff were surveyed and a further 13 staff and 8 students interviewed from 32 design faculties across the UK, to gain a comprehensive picture of sustainability as taught in a variety of courses. We found that when staff were given support and autonomy, with sustainability embedded in marking criteria, they were able to integrate it in their teaching with very successful results. On the other hand, if staff had a poor appreciation of sustainable design, saw it as a cost or hassle and lacked support from industry or management, it was less likely to feature in the courses. The divide between those who saw design as primarily about making things and those who saw it as a means to address systemic and behavioural problems in society was striking, as was the impact that individual staff could make through their own passion and tenacity. Although design was seen as key to future global innovation, external pressures like finance played a significant role in influencing the topics taught.

Design is integral to the UK economy, and with the rise of service design and design thinking has also become a means of addressing society’s greatest challenges – such as social and environmental sustainability. Design education is under pressure however, and there is an apparent disconnect between the concerns of young people and the ‘real’ world, and the traditional preoccupations of design courses: creating and selling more stuff. This study was conducted in collaboration with the Royal Society of Art’s Student Design Awards (SDA). 55 staff were surveyed and a further 13 staff and 8 students interviewed from 32 design faculties across the UK, to gain a comprehensive picture of sustainability as taught in a variety of courses. We found that when staff were given support and autonomy, with sustainability embedded in marking criteria, they were able to integrate it in their teaching with very successful results. On the other hand, if staff had a poor appreciation of sustainable des...

The Textile Toolbox: New Design Thinking, Materials & Processes for Sustainable Fashion Textiles reviews the design research conducted between June 2011 and May 2015 by a team of University of the Arts London (UAL) textile researchers, led by Professor Rebecca Earley, who are part of the Swedish funded multi-disciplinary Mistra Future Fashion (MFF) consortium. The objective of the consortium is to research opportunities to advance a more sustainable and competitive fashion industry.

The artifact is a set of ten cards entitled TED’s TEN, developed by the research group Textiles Environment Design (Chelsea College of Art and Design, UAL), a group of education and practice based design academics investigating sustainability in the textile and fashion industries. When used together, the cards can serve as practical guidelines to examine, survey and highlight the problem of sustainability and the role of designers in change and innovation. They present visual evidence of strategic thinking. Each card identifies a significant, critical area for attention in the lifecycle of the product and suggests a strategy for analysis and change; approach and resolution; consideration and action, acting as a tool to overcome the barriers to improvement. Developed with a focus on textiles and fashion, they have a potential role in generating strategic concepts for the design process generally. They offer a persuasive prototype from design research and are a research tool in themse...

The employability of professional students has been a source of concern in recent years. Several reports have highlighted this gap. The India Skills Report (2021) observes that only about 47% of engineering and management graduates are employable. The concept of employability has significance not only at a macro-level for an economy, but also at a micro-level for an individual, as it is related to a person’s sense of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and general well-being. At the individual level, employability refers to the propensity of students to obtain a job (Harvey, 2001) and hence represents a form of work-specific adaptability (Fugate, Kinicki & Ashforth, 2004) leading to career success. Success in a career, in turn, is also influenced by the broader external factors, such as social, economic, and so on, which may influence a person’s ability to get a job. Keeping the above factors in mind, employability is defined as an individual’s perception of his or her possibilities of getting employment (Bernston & Marklund, 2007). Some of the determinants of employability that have been examined by researchers include perceived skills, experience, network, personal traits, and knowledge of the labour market (Guilbert et al., 2016). A more empirical approach to employability considers the individual, demographic, and psycho-social attributes related to success in securing a job (Boswell et al., 2006; McArdle et al., 2007). McArdle et al. (2007) showed that 42% of the variation in the intensity of job-seeking behaviour is explained by employability. The objective of the study is to examine the antecedents of employability at different levels. The data for the study were randomly drawn from the placement records of postgraduate management students in Bengaluru, India. The study uses the negative binomial model to develop an index for employability, applicable at the individual level, as well as at different levels of grouping. The study contributes to the literature by examining the role of academic performance as an antecedent of employability for business students in India at different levels.

Background Context. How can designers use AI, in combination with digital and handmaking processes, to create upcycled clothing for local, circular and urban contexts? This research builds on previous work which proposed early in the field of study, that designers needed to use technology as a supporting tool when making redesigned and remanufactured textiles and clothing (Earley 2010). This latest research for the Herewear Project , considers how new open-access artificial intelligence platforms (such as DALL-E) can support the design/redesign of processes and products for circular fashion, making the processes more time efficient, whilst retaining the aesthetic finish and connection that only hand-crafted techniques can deliver (Giri et al 2019). This research further considered how a sense of local identity and connection between users and waste clothing can be supported via the use of AI tools.
The author has been making ‘upcycled’ polyester shirts since 1999, with each shirt collection exploring different ideas about how designers can create a more sustainable, circular and equitable industry. Bittersweet Shirt (2023) has been re-crafted from a secondhand item to help people connect with nature in their region, and at the same time appreciate how our changing tastes make us waste clothes which can be transformed into something new and culturally relevant.
Bittersweet Shirt Concept. This research enabled the author to act as a fashion microbusiness and test the Herewear Project’s Bio TEN guidelines (Earley & Forst 2023) and the approaches to extending life of biobased products (Earley et al 2023). For this design brief, a local connection was sought to users based in Iasi, Romania, which is where project partner Maibine is based. Wormwood grows in abundance in Romania and has long been used as a medicinal herb for cuts and bruises, to treat indigestion, help with fever and infections, and as a type of insect repellent. It is also used in the liquor absinthe and to flavour other drinks like Vermouth.
Research shows that the fashion and textile industry has already produced enough polyester to clothe the world population, if it were to be reused and recycled. Oil is mined for transportation fuel, and polyester and plastic are made from the cheap waste parts of crude oil, which are not of the quality required to make petroleum. As global economies transition away from fossil-based fuels, we need new bio-based textiles for fashion, that can replace synthetics in our wardrobe. However, we must also reuse what we have already made. In this research design guidelines that were being created for biobased clothing were further tested with used polyester shirts.
Bittersweet Shirt was made with multiple bittersweet elements in the brief: the paradox of polyester and waste; the health and alcohol drinking habits associated with the plant used as decoration on it; the impact of AI on design and cultural economies and practices; and the local and global dynamics of fashion in a time of great political, social and economic unrest.

This paper explores fashion textile design methods and practices which address a concern for the environment, through the sustainable, circular, ‘local’ and biobased frameworks and approaches. A series of upcycled shirts are reviewed, which uncover new opportunities and insights to support future design pioneers in the field.
Fashion textile design has changed rapidly in the last decade. As the climate emergency has gathered pace and become the most pressing issue of our time, designers and educators have been using the remaking and overprinting of clothing in research practices to uncover the new thinking and actions needed to drive and support changes in industry practices. Sustainable and circular fashion textile design offers designers the opportunity to create compelling visions and practical roadmaps to just and equitable cultures, that value people and planet over profit. Designers can build new bridges between the sciences, and between economics, politics and industry – creatively framing emergent spaces for discourse and action – challenging us through new modes of making, thinking and sharing.
Through different approaches to making textiles and remaking second-hand polyester shirts; and through parallel forms of enquiry including workshop facilitation, design thinking, teaching and consultancy, this paper aims to articulate guidelines for textile design and practice researchers in creating materials and systems fit for a more resilient future. The paper demonstrates the different approaches explored in tackling sustainability in practice by focusing the creative brief on different issues when upcycling – adding value through design. The paper considers a set of ten shirts which explored circular design and an extended use lifecycle of 50 years; as well as the use of AI, biobased materials made from agriwaste and the potential for circular clothing to also be ‘local’ in production, use, disposal and regeneration.

New leadership approaches are needed in design research to support the creation of more resource-efficient models for material resource loops and cyclability. Designers will need to take on enhanced roles in order to drive changes to products, systems and behaviours. The conceptual model, Characteristics of High-Performing Research Units (Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) 2015), cites people, collaboration, partnerships and networks, and departmental practices as all key factors in successful research hubs. In this paper, the author discusses insights drawn from an original auto-ethnographic study and proposes a revised model which provides researchers, practitioners and managers with questions they need to consider in order to lead in ways that academia, industry and the planet urgently needs.

PurposeThis paper explores whether, in the context of university–industry (U–I) collaboration, new innovation strategies can be developed through actors' interactions, the exchange of resources and the co-creation of value for and within the system. In the context of the U–I relationship, the innovation perspective can highlight the need to develop strategies that elicit new formulas of value co-creation, which then facilitate innovation as a result of actor collaboration.Design/methodology/approachA total of 45 public universities in Spain, representing 95% of the total, participated in qualitative research. Personal in-depth interviews with technology transfer officers (TTOs) were conducted by an external firm; in a second phase, two of the researchers conducted eight interviews with the directors of TTOs in those universities with higher rates of transfer.FindingsFindings reveal that enterprises with a technological focus are strengthening their relationships with universitie...

PurposeThe paper aims to understand the young residents’ household waste intentions through place attachment (PA) approach where place dependency (PD) and place identity (PLI) influence recycling intentions (RIs). Furthermore, the effect of norms (both subjective and moral) on residents’ association with PLI was also analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model, including the hypothesized relationship between variables, was established through relevant literature. The study extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) through a place-based approach in young residents’ household waste RIs. The proposed conceptual model also replaced the position of norms (subjective and moral) as antecedents to PLI in the proposed extended and modified TPB model. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has been used for the statistical analysis of the data. The questionnaires were distributed digitally. The convenience sampling approach was adopted for collecting data....

The 2018 Asian Games were held in Indonesia from August to September as a mega sports event for Asian countries. The games were an opportunity for universities which offer an ‘event management program’ to collaborate with the organizing committee to provide learning opportunities for students and faculty lecturers. This paper illustrates how Universitas Prasetiya Mulya`s collaboration was organized with the INASGOC committee during the 2018 Asian Games. The author acted as a collaborator with the committee by negotiating student volunteering opportunities as well as becoming a volunteer herself during the opening and closing ceremonies. To explore and find the effectiveness of this collaboration research was conducted using self-evaluation questionnaires and followed by a leaderless group discussion with former students who participated in the collaboration to receive their feedback on the benefits and challenges of taking part in the collaboration as volunteers. All data were analy...

The number of papers and scientific productions published in journals indexed in indexing/abstracting databases is used as a measure of the growth of science. One of the reasons for the ability of the Islamic Republic of Iran in various fields can be attributed to the scientific growth of Iran in recent years. This survey used scientometric approaches for measuring the scientometric indicators at hand. The research population included all papers authored by Iranians indexed in Web of Science (WOS) from 1980-2021. Accordingly, in this research, the quantitative growth of Iranian science during the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran (by counting the number of indexed papers in the Web of Science) and the factors affecting the growth of Iranian science are examined. Factors such as the growth in the number of faculty members, the growth in the number of graduate students, the promotion regulations of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) and the Ministry of Health, and Medical Education (MHME) along with encouraging policies for scientific production in Iran and the comprehensive scientific map of the country, Scientific research towards the needs and priorities of the country, the graduation regulations of graduate students, other social, political, cultural and international factors analyzed. The results of the four decades of Iran's science production showed that the highest amount of Iran's science production, i.e., more than 75% of Iran's science production, occurred in the fourth decade (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020)(2021). In general, in the second period , the relationship between academic degrees and science production is significantly higher than in the first period . In 2023, Iran will be the fourth largest producer of nanoscience in the world with 7.30 percent of the world's science production in the field of nanoscience, and countries such as Japan, South Korea, Germany, France, England, and Italy are after Iran. The results of analysis and investigation of the research also showed that the number of graduates at both master's and doctorate levels, as well as the population of full-time faculty members of the universities, were proportional with the production of Iranian science in these years There has been an increasing trend from 1980 to 2021. Despite the ups and downs of the share of research in the gross national product in Iran, which has always decreased and was less than one percent, the growth of science in Iran has been on an upward trend. According to the number of Iranian scientific publications in the WOS database at the end of 2021, which has reached 56,000, it seems that due to the growth of Iran's scientific productions, we can hope that the number of Iranian scientific publications will reach 2026 (1404) by the end of the Horizon program has arrived.