Teori Arsitektur

Abstrak Pelestarian warisan budaya sudah merupakan kewajiban agar generasi mendatang masih dapat menikmati kekayaan budaya yang pernah dibuat generasi pendahulunya. Pada kenyataannya, perubahan-perubahan terjadi seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Perubahan yang terjadi kadang tak terkendali sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan artefak dan akhirnya menghilangkan sumber wacana dan bahkan karakteristiknya. Agar keberlanjutan budaya tetap terjaga maka pelestarian harus berpijak pada karakteristik warisan budaya itu sendiri. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana cara menggali dan memperoleh karakteristik budaya tersebut sehingga dapat menjadi pijakan dalam pengembangan desain selanjutnya. Metode grafis atas artefak merupakan salah satu metode yang memudahkan jalan mengeksplorasi archetypes, karakter dasar yang dikandung artefak. Karakter dasar inilah yang nantinya menjadi pedoman bagi pengembangan desain yang berkelanjutan. Abstract Title: Preservation in Architecture Based on Architectural Archetypes Through the Graphic Methods Preservation of cultural heritage is an obligation so that future generations can still enjoy the cultural riches that their predecessor generation has made. In reality, changes occur over time. These changes are sometimes uncontrollable and cause damage to artifacts. They ultimately eliminate the source of discourse and even its characteristics. To maintain cultural sustainability, preservation must be based on the characteristics of the cultural heritage itself. The problem is how to explore and obtain these cultural characteristics so that they can become a foothold in developing further designs. The graphic method for artifacts is one method that helps to explore archetypes, basic characters contained in artifacts in an easier way. This basic character will later become a guideline for the development of a sustainable design.

Abstrak
Taman Nostalgia Kota Kupang menjadi salah satu ciri kota Kupang sebagai satu-satunya taman yang cukup representatif di kawasan Kota Kupang. Namun jiwa tempat merupakan kekuatan nonfisik yang mampu membentuk kesan dalam kota. Apakah taman Nostalgia berhasil memberi makna sebagaimana konsep awal perencanaan dan pembangunannya guna membawa manfaat yang luas bagi Kota Kupang dan warganya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pemanfaatan taman Nostalgia sebagai ruang publik dan bagaimana maknanya bagi warga kota. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengamatan dilakukan diruang taman pada waktu-waktu yang telah ditentukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pola pemanfaatannya. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan ruang terbuka publik taman Nostalgia masih belum maksimal sesuai konsep awal, dimana tujuan pemanfaatan taman pada skala yang lebih besar belum tercapai ditandai dengan belum berhasilnya upaya menjadikan taman sebagai paru-paru kota/hutan kota dan belum memberi makna yang demokratis bagi pengunjung taman sebagai ruang terbuka publik yang bebas dan bisa diakses oleh semua warga terutama oleh pengunjung lanjut usia dan balita.

Abstract
Title: The Meaning of Public Space of Kupang City Nostalgia Park Kupang City Nostalgia Park became one of the characteristics of the city where the park is located in the city center and became the only representative representative park in the city of Kupang. But the soul is unreliable. Is Nostalgic Park able to give meaning to the initial concept of planning and development in order to provide broad benefits for the city of Kupang and its citizens. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to know the extent to which Nostalgia parks as a public space and how its meaning for the citizens of the city. This research was conducted by qualitative descriptive method. Observations were made in the park room at predetermined times to get an overview of the utilization pattern. The results show that the utilization of open space Nostalgia public park is still not maximized according to the initial concept, where the purpose of utilization of the park on a larger scale has not been integrated with the unsuccessful efforts to make the park as the lung of the city / forest city and has not given a democratic meaning to visitors park as a public open space that can be accessed by the visitors.

Abstrak Bahan bangunan berbentuk blok modular sudah cukup dikenal di dunia rancang bangun lingkungan binaan di Indonesia. Dalam bentuknya yang paling sederhana, blok modular ini dikenal dengan nama bata, bata merah, batako, conblock, atau lainnya. Unitnya yang modular memberi kemudahan dalam pembuatan, aplikasi dan transportasinya. Kekurangannya, blok ini umumnya dibuat melalui proses yang boros energi dan polutif (pembakaran bata, pemanasan semen dan kapur di tanur / kiln). Dalam perspektif lingkungan binaan yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan, kekurangan ini perlu diperbaiki agar jejak karbon habitasi manusia dapat ditekan. Tantangannya adalah mendapatkan blok modular yang hemat energi, tetapi dapat mencapai stabilitas dan performa struktural yang sesuai standard. Dalam penelitian ini, benda uji berbahan tanah dibuat tanpa melalui proses pembakaran atau pemakaian semen dan kapur. Serat ijuk menjadi pengganti semen dan kapur sebagai stabilisator dalam pembuatan blok modular. Untuk melihat kinerja strukturalnya, benda uji utama dan pembandingnya diuji pada mesin uji tekan (compressive testing machine). Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan benda uji pembanding berupa blok modular dengan bentuk, dimensi dan cara pembuatan yang serupa, dengan perbedaan pada komposisi bahannya. Sebagai rujukan, digunakan SNI 15-2094-2000 (Indonesia) dan IS 1077 : 1992 (India) tentang klasifikasi kuat tekan bata merah bakar. Abstract Title: Structural Performance of Interlocking Compressed Earth Block with Ijuk (Arenga pinnata) Fiber as Stabiliser Modular block building materials have been well-known in the design and construction of built-environment. In its simplest form, the modular block is known as brick, red brick, lime brick, conblock, etc. The modularity of its unit lends itself for easy of production, application and transport. The drawbacks, however, are the generallyrelated to high energy consumption and pollution level in the production process (brick burning, high temp heating of cement and lime). In the perspective of sustainable and environmentally friendly built environment, the drawbacks need to be addressed in order to minimize its carbon footprint in human habitation. The challenge is how to obtain modular blocks with low energy consumption, while achieving stability and structural performance up to the standard. In this research, the earthen block test units were conducted without burning or use of cement and lime. Ijuk fibre (Arenga pinnata) was chosen as replacement of cement and lime was choses as stabilizer in producing modular blocks. The main test units and their comparisons underwent a compression test in the compressive testing machine to evaluate the structural performance. The comparison test blocks were blocks with similar form, dimension and production

Permukiman Airmata adalah permukiman yang berada di bantaran sungai Kali Kaca dirancang dan dibangun
para pendiri permukiman berdasarkan keadaan lokasi, perkembangan kehidupan masyarakat setempat, kearifan
lokal dan sejarah penyebaran agama Islam di kota Kupang. Permukiman Airmata tumbuh pesat sejak dijadikan
kampung ziarah rohani bagi agama Islam di NTT. Karakter permukiman Airmata sangat khas sehingga menarik
untuk dikaji mengenai keberlanjutan budaya bermukim di bantaran sungai Kali Kaca dan perubahannya yang
diakibatkan oleh meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan pertumbuhan kota. Permasalah penelitian dalam tulisan
ini adalah bagaimana kelestarian dan perubahan (continue and change) permukiman Airmata di bantaran
sungai Kali Kaca dan bagaimana seharusnya konsep keberlangsungan budaya bermukim di bantaran sungai
dapat dilestarikan. Observasi lapangan dan kajian pustaka digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian,
terdapat indikasi perubahan fisik, fungsi dan makna dari permukiman Airmata, namun keterkaitan permukiman
Airmata dengan sungai Kali Kaca cenderung dipertahankan. Keaslian dan keunikan permukiman Airmata
bertahan apabila ditata dengan baik dengan konsekuensi pembenahan kegiatan ekonomi di sungai, penataan
ruang permukiman dan sanitasi serta pelestarian ekosistem, sehingga kekhasan permukiman bantaran sungai,
yaitu interaksi manusia dengan sungai dapat dilestarikan secara arif, dan kreatif.
Kata Kunci: perubahan orientasi, permukiman airmata, bantaran kali kaca

Abstrak
Hunian bantuan pasca bencana biasanya didesain dengan desain yang hanya mempertimbangkan kecepatan konstruksi dan efisiensi biaya pembangunan dengan kurang mempertimbangkan kekhasan budaya lokal serta kondisi lingkungan suatu kawasan. Bila hal ini terjadi secara terus menerus, maka arsitektur lokal yang merupakan wadah dari budaya lokal dan bentuk respon masyarakat terhadap kondisi lingkungan sekitar secara perlahan akan terancam hilang bersamaan dengan adanya bencana, yang kemudian akan tergantikan dengan bentuk-bentuk hunian yang hampir seragam disemua tempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konsep ekologis dan budaya pada perancangan hunian paska bencana di desa Ngibikan yang berhasil menjawab kebutuhan penghuninya dan menyatu dengan kehidupan masyarakatnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk menggali konsep ekologi dan budaya pada perancangan di desa Ngibikan.Berdasar hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa penerapan konsep ekologis dan budaya pada perencanaan desain hunian paska bencana di desa Ngibikan turut mempengaruhi keberhasilan desain dalam menjawab kebutuhan penghuni dan merespon kondisi alamnya. Diharapkan proses rekonstruksi pemukiman paska bencana di desa Ngibikan ini dapat menjadi contoh bagi proses rekonstruksi dimasa mendatang agar proses rekonstruksi tidak hanya berupa upaya memenuhi kebutuhan hunian bagi korban bencana namun juga suatu upaya melestarikan arsitektur lokal yang merupakan wadah dari budaya lokal dan bentuk respon masyarakat terhadap kondisi lingkungan di suatu kawasan.

Abstract
Title: Ecologicals and Culture Concepts in Post-Disasters Housing Design Post-disaster housing is usually designed with a design that considers only the rapidity of development and cost efficiency without thinking of local cultural and environmental conditions of an area. If this happens continuously, then the local architecture which is a container of local culture and the form of community response to the surrounding environment will slowly be threatened to disappear along with the disaster, which will then be replaced by almost uniform shelter in all places. This study aims to identify ecological and cultural concepts on post-disaster residential design in Ngibikan village that successfully responds to the needs of its inhabitants and blends with the lives of its people. The method used is descriptive qualitative method to explore the concept of ecology and culture on the design in Ngibikan village. Based on the results of the research, it is found that the application of ecological and cultural concepts in the design of post-disaster residential design in Ngibikan village also influenced the success of the design in responding to the needs of the residents and responding to the natural conditions. It is expected that the post-disaster reconstruction process in Ngibikan village can serve as an example for the reconstruction process in the future so that the reconstruction process will not only be an effort to fulfill residential needs for disaster victims but also an effort to preserve local

Abstrak
Ruang publik merupakan ruang untuk melakukan kegiatan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya. Selain ruang terbuka hijau, ruang sepanjang sungai juga mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai sebagai ruang publik. Faktanya ruang sepanjang sungai hanya digunakan untuk permukiman liar dan tidak ada penyediaan ruang publik di dalamnya. Penelitian akan berfokus pada penentuan kriteria yang dibutuhkan untuk membentuk ruang publik di sekitar bantaran sungai dalam mendukung aksesibiltas dan peningkatan aktivitas. Teori yang akan digunakan ialah prinsip kawasan terintegrasi sungai (Charles A. McLaren-A Guide to Riverfront Development) dan teori Public Space oleh Stephen Carr dan Carmona. Tapak yang akan di analisis adalah ruang publik di Kawasan Kalijodo yang berbatasan langsung dengan air. Berdasarkan kedua teori yang digabungkan, kriteria yang akan digunakan dalam menganalisis objek studi adalah kenyamanan, aktivitas, sosiabilitas dan yang ditekankan ialah akses, meliputi titik akses pedestrian, tipe dan distribusi akses universal, dan prioritas pedestrian. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan akses secara fisikal sudah terpenuhi dengan adanya tangga dan jembatan penghubung dari sungai, namun harus mempertimbangkan akses secara visual, menambahkan program yang spesifik agar pemetaan merata dan ditunjang dengan vegetasi yang lebih rapat untuk mendukung kenyamanan.

Abstract
Title: Relation of Activity and Connectivity of Kalijodo as a Public Space Public space is a place for social, economic and culture activity. Besides green open spaces, there are a lot of space along the river that have potential issues to be created as a public space. In fact, number of riverside are filled by slum area and there is no public space along the riparian. This research focused on the determining the chriterias of public space that support connectivity and incilining the number of activities. Theory that applied for this research is A Guide to Riverfront Development by Charles A. McLaren amd Public Space principle by Stephen Carr and Carmona. Kalijodo is one of the public space that will be studied because of its position faced in front of the river. Based on those theories, there are chitrerias that will be used to analyse the study casem which are comfort, activity, sociability, and more focus on access, including pedestrian access point, type and distribution of universal access and pedestrian priority. The result of this research could be summarised that physical access are attained by stairs and bridge that connect from river. Eventhough, Kalijodo must concern about visual access, addition of specific program to spread the activities and support by dense of vegetation to reach comfort.

Title: Fisherman Settlement Arrangement to Area Zero Waste

The quality of the environment in Gudang Lelang fishermen district is getting decrease because of trash problem. The purpose of the research is to know the appropriate form of the district’s arrangement as a problem solving of trash to be applied to Gudang Lelang fishermen as a Zero Waste district. The methods of data collection are observation, literature, and interview. The analysis performed covers environment, human and building which the result of the analysis is startegy for district planning.

Keywords: A district’s system, fishermen settlement, trash.

Title: Aspects of Architecture Infrastructures Acculturation Function, Form and the Meaning of the Christian Church Building Pniel Blimbingsari in Bali

When culture and Christianity entered Blimbingsari Village, Bali was the beginning of combination between local and migrant culture. Combination of both cultures became an acculturation in architectural form. It is materialized in architecture of Gereja Kristen Pniel Blimbingsari, Bali. Church building form was no longer as an idea generally with the characteristics soaring roof, Gothic architecture style, and so on. Preliminary studies indicate that Gereja Kristen Pniel Blimbingsari through the acculturation process that affect in architectural form and religious rituals. This study aims to reveal a form of acculturation occurs seen from the aspect of function, form and meaning of the building. The method in this research that is descriptive, analytical, and interpretative based on field studies and empirical evidence. This approach taken grounded in cultural theory and archetypes in architecture which collaborated with the aspect of function, form, and meaning of architecture. The study concluded that occur relations between function, form and meaning that implies domination in the form of architecture acculturated. The study concludes that there was a relation between function, form and meaning which implies the dominance in the form of architecture that acculturated. Dominance in this study is as a result of interpretation From the analysis conducted. The concept of Asta Kosala Kosali have a dominant role in shaping the architectural form of acculturation Gereja Kristen Pniel Blimbingsari. The study is expected to benefit as a reference to a similar case that acculturation and can contribute knowledge in the realm of architecture.

Keywords: Acculturation, architecture, church, function, form, meaning.

Abstrak Ruang jalan Soekarno dan Siliwangi pada kawasan Kota Lama Kupang, telah ada sejak terbentuknya kota Kupang dan berkembang menjadi kawasan perdagangan. Ruang jalan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting untuk kehidupan masyarakat sebagai sarana interaksi sosial ekonomi. Aktifitas-aktifitas yang terjadi dan bagaimana pengguna ruang khususnya pedagang informal dan formal bertahan selama bertahun-tahun adalah wujud mereka memberi makna. Menemukan makna ruang jalan Kota Lama bermanfaat untuk mendukung keberlanjutan pembangunan dan memberikan kontribusi pemikiran-pemikiran bagi pihak yang bertanggung jawab dalam keberlangsungan kehidupan di kota Lama Kupang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan makna ruang jalan Soekarno dan Siliwangi di Kota Lama Kupang serta menemukan hal-hal yang melatar-belakanginya menurut pengguna ruang pedagang informal dan formal.Penelitian tentang makna ruang jalan di Kota Lama Kupang dilakukan dengan menggunakan paradigma Kualitatif dengan metode analisis induktif. Peneliti menemukan 24 informan pedagang informal dan empat diantaranya dari pedagang formal, yang telah lama berada pada ruang tersebut diatas 15an tahun. Hasil penelitian adalah pengetahuan mendalam tentang makna ruang menurut para pedagang informal dan formal serta temuan konsep yang mendasari keberadaan mereka. Ditemukan dua makna ruang yaitu makna bertahan hidup dan kesatuan hidup setempat (komunitas). Kedua konsep didukung oleh enam temuan tema yaitu tema ekonomi, kekerabatan, kebersamaan, keterikatan dengan tempat, gender dan event tahunan. Disimpulkan bahwa makna ruang ruang jalan di Kota Lama Kupang adalah makna lokal. Kata kunci: makna ruang jalan, pengguna ruang, kota lama, Kupang Abstract Title: The significance of the space of kota lama Kupang street according to the informal and formal street vendors The Space at Soekarno Street and Siliwangi Sreet in the Kota Lama Kupang area has existed since the establishment of Kupang city. Since then, this space has developed into a trading area and played important role as economic and social interaction instrument in the life of the people. The long-lasting activities and usage of the space by users, especially by the informal and formal traders indicate how they give meaning to the space. Finding the meaning of street space of Kota Lama will be benefitial in encouraging development sustainability and in contributing thoughts to the parties responsible for the continuing life at Kota Lama Kupang. The aim of this research was to find out the meanings of street space of Soekarno and Siliwangi Streets at Kota Lama Kupang and the underlying terms according to the space users of informal and formal sellers. The research employed qualitative

Abstrak Penggunaan energi listrik bangunan rumah tangga di Indonesia didominasi oleh kebutuhan AC. Salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja AC adalah dengan memperhatikan distribusi aliran udaranya. Di pasaran terdapat tiga tipe distribusi udara AC, yaitu (1) perfect mixing, (2) displacement, dan (3) radiant cooling. Penelitian menguji pengaruh tipe-tipe distribusi AC tersebut terhadap konsumsi energi pendinginan dengan metode studi literatur, perhitungan matematis, dan simulasi numerik. Kriteria kenyamanan termal bersumber dari SNI 03-6572-2001 dengan suhu udara 24 o C sebagai titik tuju (setpoint) dari kondisi mula 28,1 o C. Sedangkan perhitungan tingkat konsumsi energi didapatkan dari lamanya waktu mencapai setpoint. Waktu pendinginan tercepat dicapai oleh displacement, yaitu 80 detik, lalu perfect mixing dalam 112 detik, dan yang terlama adalah radiant cooling, 460 detik. Perhitungan matematis dilakukan dengan tiga skenario beban kalor yang diasumsikan menjadi lamanya waktu AC saat jeda (idle), yaitu; (a) beban besar, 30 detik, (b) beban sedang, 60 detik, dan (c) beban kecil, 90 detik. Dengan waktu operasional 300 jam per bulan, konsumsi energi displacement sesuai skenario adalah; (a) 148,4 kWh/bulan, (b) 116,6 kWh/bulan, dan (c) 96 kWh/bulan, perfect mixing; (a) 160,9 kWh/bulan, (b) 132,8 kWh/bulan, dan (c) 113,1 kWh/bulan, dan radiant cooling; (a) 191,5 kWh/bulan, (b) 180,5 kWh/bulan, dan (c) 170,6 kWh/bulan. Kata kunci: efisien energy, pengkondisian udara, pola distribusi udara. Abstract Title: Numeric Analysis Of Air Distribution In Air-Conditioned Room To Obtain Optimum Energy Effeciency Level The demand for household energy in Indonesia is dominated by air conditioning sector. One of the efforts to optimize air conditioner (AC) is to figure out the best air distribution pattern. Nowadays, there are three air distribution types of marketed AC; (1) perfect mixing, (2) displacement, and (3) radiant cooling. This research examines the influence of those types toward energy consuption to ensure indoor thermal comfort. It was conducted by conducting literature review, mathematical calculation, and numerical simulation. Based on SNI 03-6572-2001, the research applied comfort criteria of indoor air temperature of 24 o C as setpoint with 28.1 o C initial temperature. Energy consumption is estimated based on time required to achieve the setpoint. The fastest cooling time is obtained by displacement in 80 seconds, then perfect mixing in 112 seconds, and the longest is radiant cooling in 460 seconds. Energy calculation establishes three scenarios of heat load represented by air con's idle time; (a) high load, 30 seconds, (b) moderate load, 60 seconds, and (c) low load, 90 seconds. For 300 hours of operational time per month, displacement consumes (a) 148.4, (b) 116.6, and (c) 96 kWh/month, whilst perfect mixing needs (a) 160.9, (b) 132.8, and (c) 113.1 kWh/month. Lastly, radiant cooling spends (a) 191.5, (b) 180.5, and (c) 170.6 kWh/month.

Title: Implementation Strategy Of Waterfront Concept In Kupang City The vision of development of Kupang City is to develop is as the Centre of National Activities with sustainable waterfront city concept. It intends to solve problems resulting from the development of Kupang City seashore areas by orienting the development to establish seashore areas as the front gate of the city and avoiding construction of settlement building on riparian zones and seashore areas.bThe relevance of this vision is discussed using qualitative descriptive method based on data of the areas' profiles. The discussion concludes that Kupang City needs Detail Planning on Priority Areas' Spatial for riparian zones and seashore areas with development concept.

Title: Tranformation and Needs Room Layout Design that Determine the Footwear Industry Function in Residential Jakarta

The purpose of this reserach is to provide design ideas of shoes home industry by designing the layout that can acommodate the transformation and space needed working & living area. The research’s method based on the phenomenon in the shoes home industry starting from surveying the object which is Perkampungan Industri Kecil (PIK) Penggilingan and understanding the fundamentals points of shoes home industry in terms of transformation, space requirements, and natural lighting & ventilation. The pattern of object’s transformation used for determine the organization of space that can be considered for designing the layout. Space requirement analyzed according to the standard of space. Lighting & natural ventilation analyzed with ecotect simulation according to the standard of health’s minister. The research concluded that the pattern of transformation on the object by level of transformation should be done by extension. In spatial transformation, the design should adapt to makes change of space requirement, especially for the expansion of flexible and residential area. In configurational transformation, service area should be considered in layout design because its fixed position. Some of residential area can be combined with production area in the very small home industry. In the small home industry, some of space can be multifunctional, but there should have a separation between residential and production area. Space on the object needs some adjustments based on standard of space requirements. Some of space can be multifunctional and used portable furniture depends on activity and time-used. Working maps of production area should be arrange using spatial patterns based on the flow of production process. Natural lighting and ventilation should be adjusted to the lighting standard (1000 lux for upper area, 300 lux for bottom area) and thermal comfort (21-30°C).

Keywords: Shoes home industry, transformation, space requirement.

Title: Living Arrangement Pattern Nursing Home Occupants Based Activities and Behavior

Physical comfort in a building can give an effect to the psychological inhabitans. In the design of nursing homes, where the residents are elderly, certainly they have a different physical comfort with a younger people. The degenerative disease on elderly cause the need for special attention in architecture, especially on safety and comfort. Currently the nursing homes, mostly do not noticed it well, so still discovered lots of the elderlies got an accident and depressed in a nursing home. This research purpose  to know  the relationship between the aspects of both comfort and safety for elderly in nursing home that can make the elderly feel comfortable and happy living in their residence. The methods of this research is as follows: first, understand the criteria of elderly in related literatures and observations regarding to the elderly and other related literatures that subscribe with safety and comfort. Second, the literatures study were used to analyze the case study such as Nursing Home Wisma Mulia (Jakarta), Nursing Home Senjarawi (Bandung), and Nursing Home Muara Kasih (Bogor). The results of analysis from the case studies based on the literature, produce an architectural design criteria for the review occupancy elderly. The results of this research concluded that the design of the comfortable and safe against risk of any accident that may occur to the elderly, provided a circulation which can be passes by two wheelchairs at once and freeway, provided handrail in the circulation, provided ramp in any difference level of floor, and using a contrast color but dominant in light and warm color. The other considerations are the availability nostalgic room, playroom for children and the other facility that make the frequency of their families, visiting more often.

Keywords: Elderly , safety , comfort , nursing homes.

Abstrak
Populasi masyarakat Indonesia menuntut akan rumah tinggal seperti halnya pada rumah dengan tipe luas bangunan 54 m 2. Penempatan bangunan tersebut beragam tata letaknya terhadap orientasi matahari yang terpengaruh pula terhadap pencahayaan. Hal ini memunculkan fenomena program pembangunan rumah sederhana. Isu dari penelitian ini adalah tata ruang dalam rumah sederhana tipe 54 yang ditinjau dari pencahayaan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah bangunan rumah tinggal sederhana tipe 54 di Komplek Perumahan Kedung Badak Baru Kota Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan pedoman perancangan tata ruang dalam bangunan rumah tinggal sederhana tipe 54 yang mempertimbangkan pencahayaan dan diharapkan dapat memberi masukan bagi perencana dan pemerintah di Kota Bogor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif analitik. Teori perancangan arsitektur tropis dan teori pencahayaan digunakan sebagai acuan dasar dalam membuat analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ruang dalam yang gelap karena adanya ruangan yang terkurung dan penempatan tipe bukaan yang tidak tepat. Simpulan yang didapat adalah perubahan tata ruang dalam berdasarkan orientasi bangunan dan tipe bukaan yang ditempatkan secara tepat akan dapat memanfaatkan cahaya.
Kata kunci: rumah sederhana tipe 54, tata ruang dalam, pencahayaan

Abstract
Title: Layout of Type 54 Affordable House in Kedung Badak Bogor City based on Lighting Indonesian people considered the house as a basic necessity such as a house with a building area of 54 m 2. The placement of the various layout to the sun's orientation is related to the lightning. This lead to the phenomenon of affordable housing development. The issue of this research is the layout of type 54 affordable house considered by the lighting. The focus of this research is the type 54 affordable house in Kedung Badak Baru in Bogor. The purpose of this research is to get layout design guidelines of type 54 affordable house which consider the lighting and give input to the next architect and government in Bogor. The research method is quantitative descriptive analytic. Tropical architecture design theory and lighting theory are used as a reference in making an analysis. The result is the interior less bright. It because the layout design was surrounded by another room and incorrect placement and size of openings. The conclusion is to design new layout based each orientation of type 54 affordable house. And it also to place the suitable openings properly which will able to utilize the light.

Abstrak
Minat calon siswa pada program studi teknik di perguruan tinggi swasta dan negeri semakin berkurang. Data menunjukan hanya 14% mahasiswa yang memilih program studi teknik. Pada lingkup yang lebih kecil, jumlah peminat mahasiswa teknik di salah satu universitas swasta hanya 25% dibandingkan program studi ilmu sosial. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan penyebab rendahnya minat calon mahasiswa terhadap program studi teknik sekaligus mencoba untuk menyusun solusi-solusi aplikatif yang sudah dicoba, teori-teori yang relevan, yang dirasa dapat membantu dalam memecahkan masalah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan berasal dari hasil kuesioner mahasiswa baru dan data-data terkait dengan jumlah mahasiswa baik ditingkat kopertis III maupun di internal Universitas ABC. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, ditemukan bahwa program studi teknik yang menjadi minat masyarakat kini adalah program studi teknik yang memiliki social senses, diantaranya Teknik Arsitektur, PWK dan Desain Produk. Sejalan dengan teori 4 (empat) unsur dibalik popularitas ketokohan seseorang, hal tersebut didasari akan trend calon mahasiswa terhadap daya tarik ilmu sosial yang bisa menemukan problem solving, kesuksesan public figure, dan industry branding. Upaya meningkatkan jumlah peminat program studi teknik, dapat dilakukan lewat kegiatan workshop dosen keilmuan kepada calon mahasiswa secara langsung serta open house universitas.

Abstract
Title: Workshop to Increase the Number of Students at Engineering Study Program Interest of prospective students toward engineering courses both in public and private universities keep decreasing. Data shows that only 14% of students choose engineering courses. In smaller scale, in one private university, students interest taking the engineering course are only 25% compared to student interest on taking the social courses. Purpose of this research was to conclude the reasons why student's interest toward engineering courses are low, and to comprise some proven solutions, related theories, in order to help solving the problems. Method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Data used comes from new student's quisionaire, and related data with student's number studying engineering course in Kopertis III and in the internal of ABC University. Data analysis showed that current engineering courses which have more students, are engineering courses with social senses such as Architecture, Regional Planning, and Design Product. Along with the theory of 4 (four) aspecs behind the popularity of a figure, all caused by the current trend of prospective student's interest towards the social study attractiveness which leads to problem soving, the existence of success's public figures, and industry branding. Direct workshop between lecturer and prospective

Title: Post Occupancy Evaluation for Functional Aspects with Emphasis on Emergency Evacuation

Post occupancy evaluation is a tool to measure the qualities of an in-use building with the purpose of increasing the qualities of the building from the perspective which design process could overlook. There is a lot of aspects that has to be evaluated in the post occupancy evaluation, but the most frequently evaluated aspects are technical aspects, functional aspects, and behavioral aspects. This research emphasizes on the functional aspect to search for problems concerning evacuation circulation of Si Jalak Harupat Stadium by comparing observed object with the experience of users in how they recognize and aware of emergency evacuation elements. Users experience will be collected by using questionnaire and mental mapping. The respondents are Persib supporters who watch the matches at Si Jalak Harupat Stadium. Both of the tools will describe user perception and knowledge regarding evacuation elements legibility. This research will be concluded by describing just how far the evacuation elements of Si Jalak Harupat Stadium known by the users and find the solution to increase users awareness regarding evacuation elements inside the stadium.

Keywords: Evaluation of post-use, functional aspects of emergency evacuation, si Jalak Harupat stadium, legibilitas, mental mapping.

Title: Architectural Design Symbolism Catholic Church of Saint Peter and The Virgin Mary Catholic Church Santa Grief Seven in Bandung

As a place of holy worship, a Catholic Church should posses a sacred interior and exterior expression. Modernization has caused a good deal of this sacred expression of the Catholic Church to fade. As Catholic Church is a place of worship that supports all liturgical activities, semiotic theory are used to analyze and decipher its architecture to preserve sacredness.
The research methodology that was employed was qualitative methods using Peirce’s semiotic principles and their implementation in Church architecture. The principle was then used to analyze two case studies in every detail of their draw up. The area of planning encompassed: (1) Scope of the surrounding environment; (2) Scope of the site; (3) Scope of the form. This analysis employed semiotic principles that were elaborated with Catholic Church principles to create a guideline in the architectural planning of a Catholic Church.
The purpose of this research is to find the most dominant sacral expression between Santo Petrus Church and the Santa Perawan Maria Tujuh Kedukaan Church by means of the symbols attached to the architectural elements between these two Catholic Churches.
The results of this study were that sacral expression in terms of (1) Scope of the surrounding environment; (2) Scope of the site; (3) Scope of the form are more dominant in the Santo Petrus Church compared to the Santa Perawan Maria Tujuh Kedukaan Church.


Keywords: Peirce’s semiotics, sacral expression, catholic church