Sustainable Urban Mobility

Ideas about green cities have been around for centuries, however it seems that these ideas have been sidetracked by a strange mixture of opposites: neoclassical economics and town planning regulations. On the one hand contemporary economics has divorced itself from ecology and on the other, town planning regulation, originally based on garden city ideas, has helped to facilitate cities where 'nature' is idealised, 'packaged and confined to parks and gardens. This paper suggests there needs to be a creative tension between the economic and ecological dimensions if a city is to emerge.

A smart city is a framework that uses information and communication technologies to improve public safety, quality of life, transportation and energy efficiency. A big share of these technologies has intelligent networks consisting of connected objects and devices that transmit data using wireless technology and cloud-based solutions. These technologies and their applications can receive, analyze and manage data in real-time to help citizens and municipalities make better decisions to improve quality of life. Also, pairing devices and data with already existing physical infrastructure can cut costs and significantly improve sustainability. The main focus of this work is managing traffic flows in urban transport networks regarding minimizing traffic congestion and improving air quality. The main goal of the proposed models is to provide a good starting point for the future development of smart city models and their implementation in urban areas that show significant congestion and air quality problems.

These plans aim to strike a balance between the prevalent use of private cars and alternative modes of transport. A pivotal aspect of SUMP formulation lies in the identification of indicators, serving as tools for cities to assess their mobility systems and strategically address strengths and weaknesses. The European Commission provides a set of reliable indicators for standardized assessments, ensuring uniform data collection. Despite the importance of SUMPs, cities often lack consistent political and institutional support for their integration into urban development plans. Additionally, disparities exist in the application of methodologies for data collection in defining SUMP indicators. This paper thoroughly analyzes the indicator identification process within the SUMP creation framework. It highlights the need for continuous political backing and institutional support for SUMP projects within urban development plans. Furthermore, the paper addresses the variations in applying methodologies for data collection, emphasizing the importance of standardization. The focus is on the European Commission's indicators, providing practical insights into their application for a more uniform assessment of mobility systems. The research contributes by presenting a refined method for data collection, encompassing both basic and additional SUMP indicators. The study also introduces an in-depth analysis of modal distribution, offering a valuable resource for cities interested in formulating new SUMPs. By enhancing our understanding of these critical aspects, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable urban mobility and supports the development of more effective and harmonized transportation planning strategies.

The rapid pace of urbanization worldwide has led to many challenges, from traffic congestion and air pollution to overconsumption of resources and social inequalities. In response to these pressing issues, and with the opportunity given by the two-year reconsideration of everyday life during the recent pandemic, the concept of the "15-Minute City" has emerged as a promising approach to urban development. This abstract explores the key principles and potential benefits of the 15-Minute City, where essential services and amenities are within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from one's home. This sustainable city development model envisions compact, mixed-use neighbourhoods that prioritize local living, active mobility, and community engagement. By significantly reducing the need for long commutes, the 15-Minute City holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions, traffic congestion, and energy consumption, all of which align with the European strategy towards a greener and more sustainable environment. This approach fosters a sense of place and belonging, promotes social cohesion, and enhances overall wellbeing. The 15-Minute City concept has gained traction in recent years, with numerous cities around the world embarking on pilot projects and policy changes to transform their urban landscapes. This paper highlights the strategies and principles that underpin the 15-Minute City specifically on Paris, France, including the creation of pedestrian-friendly environments, the diversification of land use, and the promotion of sustainable transportation options. Furthermore, the abstract explores the potential challenges and barriers that cities may encounter during the transition to this city model, such as infrastructure redevelopment, funding, and community buy-in. The 15-Minute City represents a bold vision for the future of sustainable urban development, one that aims to reshape our cities into healthier, more equitable, and environmentally friendly spaces for current and future generations.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles offer a promising framework for integrating metro stations with their surrounding urban fabric, promoting sustainable urbanization and efficient transportation systems. Dhaka, one of the fastest-growing cities globally, faces significant challenges in traffic congestion, air pollution, and urban sprawl. Introducing metro systems offers a promising solution to alleviate these issues and enhance urban mobility. This study presents a case study of Agargaon Metro Station in Dhaka City, examining its integration with the adjacent urban fabric using TOD principles. Through a combination of field observations, spatial analysis, and stakeholder interviews, the study evaluates the current state of Agargaon Metro Station. On-site assessments examined the station's physical infrastructure, accessibility, and connectivity with nearby areas, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyzed spatial data, including land use patterns and transportation networks. Semi-structured interviews with urban planners, government officials, and community members provided insights into the challenges and opportunities for implementing TOD at Agargaon. The findings reveal that the station is underutilized as a TOD hub, with inadequate pedestrian infrastructure and mixed-use developments, leading to poor connectivity and accessibility. The study highlights the necessity of improved land use planning, policy support, and community engagement to enhance the station's role in fostering TOD. These recommendations, if implemented, could alleviate traffic congestion, improve air quality, and create more livable urban spaces, thereby enhancing Dhaka's overall quality of life. Additionally, the research contributes to the social and economic dimensions of urbanization by offering a framework that can be adapted to similar metro stations in Dhaka and other rapidly urbanizing cities.

El texto aborda el abandono industrial en Puebla, analizando cómo antiguas fábricas y espacios productivos —particularmente del sector textil— han quedado fuera de uso, convirtiéndose en ruinas que cargan memorias sociales, laborales y culturales. Se examina cómo la desindustrialización, la especulación inmobiliaria y las políticas urbanas centradas en el turismo han acelerado su deterioro o transformación sin consideración patrimonial. Frente a este panorama, se plantea la necesidad de revalorizar estos sitios no solo por su arquitectura, sino por su papel en la identidad colectiva, proponiendo estrategias de conservación y resignificación que integren a las comunidades y eviten su demolición o trivialización.

Meeting the European Green Deal's goal of climate neutrality by 2050 calls for a 90 percent decrease in emissions from the transportation sector. Thus, there is need to accelerate the shift to more sustainable mobility for integrated and smarter multimodal and intermodal mobility. In European countries, more than 70% of the inhabitants live in metropolitan areas. Achieving low-carbon and more sustainable mobility is important to ensuring sustainable urban infrastructure. However, current mobility planning frameworks do not consider the key factors and strategies that encourage residents to choose sustainable transport modes. Hence, there is a need to identify the most efficient actions that should be employed either in the short or long term to achieve accessible, safe, cost-effective, and green transport systems specifically through the development of sustainable public transportation. Moreover, a paradigm shift is needed to explore the synergy between transportation and its relationship to the city. Accordingly, this article presents an action plan as an approach to assess key strategies needed to foster sustainable and smart mobility planning and design by deploying effective strategies and design solutions that support different green means of transportation for smart urban development. Qualitative data on sustainable mobility planning and design strategies was collected via secondary sources from the literature, and descriptive data analysis was carried out. Findings from this study identify internal and external factors required to promote sustainable multimodal and intermodal mobility based on the city's transport policies and actions. Implications from this study provide a use case for the technological requirements required for electric mobility planning, design, and system operation for the actualization of sustainable public transportation to improve smart urban development.

Este curso explora la historia y sociedad en el Sureste de Asia en el periodo premoderno, cubriendo desde la historia más remota hasta alrededor del siglo XV. Entre las culturas que se trabajarán en el curso estarán Đại Việt, Srivijaya, Pagan, Angkor, Majapahit, Ayutthaya y el archipiélago filipino. En el curso se trabajará también los impactos que tienen en el presente las memorias y legados de dichas sociedades.

One aspect of older people that has received little consideration is the mobility safety challenge faced by older people. Therefore, municipalities are still faced with limitations in understanding the mobility safety demands of older people, both those with and without disabilities, in society. An important goal is to provide mobility safety for older people. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the use of emerging technologies and universal design measures to improve the safe walkability and wayfinding of older people. Data were collected from the literature subsequently, meta-analysis and qualitative content analysis were employed to present the findings from the secondary sources. This review study contributes to the body of knowledge by exploring how universal design measures and the use of emerging technologies can promote safe mobility for the improved welfare and well-being of older people towards secure, independent living and societal participation in smart cities. More importantly, this article provides implications for the re-design and development of safe walkability and wayfinding requirements for older people in smart cities. Furthermore, this study reviews older people’s safety requirements in public transportation, mobility safety behaviour and measures to mitigate risks faced during walking, which is lacking in the literature. Finally, recommendations are provided to support older people's mobility by suggesting the adoption of emerging technologies, such as assistive devices, routeing and navigation tools.

Pertumbuhan kota yang pesat di Indonesia dan dunia telah membawa tantangan besar terhadap sistem transportasi perkotaan. Masalah seperti kemacetan lalu lintas, pencemaran udara, dan ketimpangan akses transportasi menjadi isu yang tak terelakkan. Evaluasi sistem transportasi tidak hanya perlu melihat efisiensi teknis, tetapi juga memperhatikan aksesibilitas dan dampak lingkungannya secara menyeluruh. Pendekatan Land Use and Transport Interaction (LUTI) dan Life Cycle

Tulisan ini mengevaluasi sistem transportasi perkotaan melalui integrasi pendekatan Land Use Transport Interaction (LUTI) dan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Pendekatan ini memungkinkan analisis yang komprehensif dari segi spasial, sosial, teknis, dan lingkungan. Beberapa studi kasus di Indonesia dan luar negeri, seperti Jabodetabek, Pantura, Lyon, dan Singapura, dijadikan rujukan untuk menilai efektivitas Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), efisiensi energi, dan aksesibilitas inklusif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi LUTI dan LCA dapat menjadi dasar perencanaan sistem transportasi perkotaan yang lebih berkelanjutan dan adil, serta mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap kendaraan pribadi. Dokumen ini juga dilengkapi dengan tabel perbandingan skenario kebijakan dan dampak lingkungan dari moda transportasi.

As data has become now valuable for cities in becoming smart cities, there is need to improve the governance and management of various urban mobility data employed to provide value added services such as intelligent mobility service to citizens. However, research on data governance in smart cities are often technological focused and prior studies mostly investigated data governance issues from the organizational perspective. But empirical studies exploring data governance issues from a human-centric perspective are still few. Therefore, this study proposes a human-centric data governance framework grounded on the literature to support urban mobility services in smart cities. The proposed data governance framework coherently covers technical, regulatory, social, and organizational factors that limits the utilization of data to create value for urban mobility services. Findings from this study systematically examines how these factors can challenge citizens, transport service providers, and municipalities and further provides guidelines on how to address these challenges. These guidelines provide a comprehensive roadmap based on theoretical insights and practical strategies for deploying effective data governance schemes for urban human mobility in smart cities. Finally, this study identifies procedure and mechanisms as recommendations to be employed to achieve human-centric data governance needed to improve the quality of data employed to promote urban mobility services in smart cities.

Achieving a climate neutral economy by 2050 in Europe in line with the European Green Deal places specific responsibility on the transportation sector, which contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For the transportation domain to reduce its GHG emissions, there is need to advance urban mobility solutions in local communities via the use of data in all modes of transportation. Accordingly, to intelligently improve mobility solutions, huge amounts of data are needed from citizens in local communities to improve mobility services. However, the access, usage, and ownership of data in the transportation sector continue to be hindered due to issues including privacy, security, and trust concerns, among others. However, to improve smarter mobility solutions, there is a need for clarification of digital sovereignty, which today hinders data flow among different actors in the transportation sector. Therefore, research is needed to provide an approach that enables digital sovereignty while providing innovative mobility services and applications to citizens. Accordingly, this article carried out a systematic review to explore how to maintain digital sovereignty to improve urban mobility services in local communities. Based on grounded theory and a literature review, this study explores the factors that influence digital sovereignty from local communities’ point of view. More importantly, a policy framework is proposed to improve sovereign data usage control for citizens. Additionally, recommendations for achieving digital sovereignty are presented to foster data ecosystem business opportunities for mobility service providers and to increase data autonomy, trust, and transparency for citizens.

SUMRICA was a research project that was coordinated by the research unit “Mobility and Space” of the Center for Technology and Society (ZTG) of the Technical University of Berlin. The project received funding from the Volkswagen Foundation and focused on cooperation between German and Central Asian (CA) universities and one university in the neighboring country of Iran. Within the project cooperation, CA researchers were invited for research stays at TU Berlin to intensify scientific exchange on common research topics with other German scientists in the field of sustainable transportation. SUMRICA put a special emphasis on the production of high-quality publications by the CA cooperation partners. This book contains the best articles written by scholars as a result of their research stays, as well as additional articles by CA researchers from partner universities. The one major goal of the SUMRICA project was to promote sustainable urban mobility in Central Asia by educating and training the next generation of researchers, planners, officials, and politicians in the field of sustainable transportation. This will be achieved through a series of activities, including summer schools, workshops, research stays, and publications, all of which will focus on three main themes: settlement structure and transport Systems, mobility behavior and modal shift, and the future of public transport systems. By fostering inter-university collaboration and enhancing expertise in sustainable transportation, the SUMRICA project aims to contribute to a 6-year long-term shift in the perception of sustainable mobility in Central Asia.

El presente artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica es el resultado de una investi-gación con enfoque cualitativo realizada en la ciudad de Medellín. El objetivo principal fue reconocer los significados que ha adquirido la bicicleta como medio de manifestación ante temas sociales, políticos y culturales entre los grupos conformados alrededor de ella. Cuatro propósitos con carácter académico se resaltan en este trabajo: primero, identificar esos colectivos y las actividades surgidas a partir del uso de la bicicleta; segundo, establecer una relación entre esta, las materialidades y las partes adicionales funcionales y estéticas; tercero, evidenciar el sentido dado a las prácticas y materialidades identificadas; cuarto, analizar el impacto de los grupos, sus manifestaciones pacíficas y de reclamación social en la configuración de la ciudad, su infraestructura y movilidad. La relevancia de tales dinámicas y significados se abordó en compañía de líderes de los ciclistas y otros agentes miembros de entidades públicas relacionadas con el tema, haciendo énfasis en resultados que permitan crear nuevos conceptos para el diseño en relación con la cultura material.

There is a current need for exploring new mobility systems - and related narratives - that could help in addressing the challenges caused by climate change. As such, this paper aims to unveil the counter-discourses that promote cycling as a sustainable means of transport and an ecological solution to the current climate crisis. It identifies the main conceptual metaphors of contemporary emerging mobility as framed by Spanish, English and Dutch-speaking cycling advocates. The data, which includes 95 metaphors, were retrieved from X (Twitter), and analyzed qualitatively. Expanding upon the established strategies for challenging dominant metaphors (Gibbs & Siman 2021, Van Poppel & Pilgram 2023), we investigated the workings of resistance metaphors in the discourse of cycling activists. The study showed that partial resistance metaphors elaborate on the source domains of institutionalized mappings (city is a body, traffic is a circulatory system). They profile motorized mobility as an agent of disease (e.g., blood clot, drug, virus), which negatively affects the city as a whole; alternatively, they also foreground cycling as a potential healer (e.g., cycling infrastructure as band-aids or surgery). Additionally, complete resistance metaphors expose the drawbacks of motorized mobility and envisage alternative urban mobility designs through the introduction of new source domains (cities are ecosystems, cities are houses). The contribution of these metaphors to the current discourse on urban mobility ranges from an opposition to motonormativity to emphasizing cycling as a solution and promoting new kinds of urban co-existence. The underlying reconceptualization of the city from its perception as a (mechanized) body to that of a house or ecosystem also reveals a shift in its function from being a space for moving to being a space for living.

SUMRICA was a research project that was coordinated by the research unit “Mobility and Space” of the Center for Technology and Society (ZTG) of the Technical University of Berlin. The project received funding from the Volkswagen Foundation and focused on cooperation between German and Central Asian (CA) universities and one university in the neighboring country of Iran. Within the project cooperation, CA researchers were invited for research stays at TU Berlin to intensify scientific exchange on common research topics with other German scientists in the field of sustainable transportation. SUMRICA put a special emphasis on the production of high-quality publications by the CA cooperation partners. This book contains the best articles written by scholars as a result of their research stays, as well as additional articles by CA researchers from partner universities.
The one major goal of the SUMRICA project was to promote sustainable urban mobility in Central Asia by educating and training the next generation of researchers, planners, officials, and politicians in the field of sustainable transportation. This will be achieved through a series of activities, including summer schools, workshops, research stays, and publications, all of which will focus on three main themes: settlement structure and transport Systems, mobility behavior and modal shift, and the future of public transport systems. By fostering inter-university collaboration and enhancing expertise in sustainable transportation, the SUMRICA project aims to contribute to a 6-year long-term shift in the perception of sustainable mobility in Central Asia.

We demonstrate that multi-criteria analysis (MCA), though initially developed in the operations research field, can be usefully applied within the context of the stakeholder-driven or institutional approach to transport project evaluation. We first compare the features of the institutional and neoclassical approaches to economic evaluation. We then identify a number of conditions to be fulfilled for the institutional approach to result in a social optimum that is neutral from a distributional perspective. Such an optimum may not have been intentionally pursued, but may eventually arise as a by-product of the actions of self-interested, individual stakeholder groups. We illustrate the relevance of our approach through a number of recent case studies. Policy makers can use our findings as an input for designing formal decision-making processes, geared towards including stakeholder objectives in transport project evaluation.

À minha orientadora Professora Doutora Maria Manuela Oliveira, pelo apoio, pela orientação e pela amizade que me transmitiu ao longo deste percurso, tornando assim possível chegar até aqui. Ao meu co-orientador Professor Doutor João Tiago Mexia, foi um privilégio trabalhar com uma pessoa com tamanha sabedoria, generosidade e humildade. Pela sua total disponibilidade para acompanhar de perto todo o processo de elaboração desta dissertação, sempre com a sua simpatia e entusiasmo. Ao meu co-orientador Professor Doutor José Guilherme Borges, pelo apoio e acesso aos dados utilizados na aplicação desta dissertação, e foi através dele que todo este caminho começou. Na preparação dos dados devo agradecer ao ISA, em particular à Susete pelo envio e explicação dos dados. Ao CMA, em particular à Elsa, à Sónia e ao Miguel pela disponibilidade e simpatia que sempre manifestaram. À Fundação Eugénio de Almeida pelo apoio financeiro através da bolsa de Doutoramento que me atribuiu. À minha família e aos meus amigos pelo apoio, pela compreensão e por aquilo que sou hoje. À memória do meu pai.

The article introduces a method to evaluate and develop quality of sustainable mobility planning in European cities. This tool has been worked out by a European Consortium of experts representing 14 countries in Europe. The author - as the Hungarian member and auditor of the Consortium - participated in the project working as an auditor in four Hungarian cities, leading them through the process of the QUEST-method and helping the cities to develop a systematic way of planning sustainable mobility. In the article the process will be shown, advantages, lessons learned, drawbacks and possible future development of the method will be explained.

Civil Society Organizations (CSO), a formal citizens' groups, facilitate citizens' participation in government affairs, thus enhancing democratic capacity of the society and improving peoples' lives. This study explores CSOs' participation in the very important managerial process within a public sector -development strategies formulation on the municipality level in the Central Bosnian Canton from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the existing literature on the topic, a theoretical model of CSOs' relevance within a process of development strategies formulation was designed. The results obtained by model testing show that the CSO's proficiency is just that organizational characteristic that makes difference between relevance and irrelevance. Results also showed that situational characteristics of the CSOs have no impact either on CSO's proficiency or its relevance in the process of development strategies formulation on the municipality level.

This research is aimed at analyzing the rate and mode of Citizens Society Organizations' (CSO) participation in the process of development strategies formulation in the Central Bosnia Canton (CBC), as well as to measure their impact on the actual substance of development strategies. To get a deeper insight into research topics, a questionnaire was developed and sent out to more than 300 CSOs from the CBC, yielding 117 valid responses. The research results show that 39.2% of the surveyed CSOs participated in the development strategies formulation process in the CBC, where the most common mode of participation was public consultations and debates. The research also revealed that the more proficient CSOs' contribution to the process is, the greater influence on the development strategy substance they have. The main implication of this research is better understanding of the development strategies formulation process at the municipal level, and a deeper insight into the nature of relationships between municipalities and CSOs in regard to that process.

BEATRICE NICOLINI Balochistan in fiamme: escalation separatista, interessi globali e il paradosso delle ricchezze negate Il 1° novembre 2024, un attentato contro la campagna di vaccinazione antipolio nel Pakistan occidentale ha causato la morte di sette persone, inclusi cinque bambini. Una bomba, collocata per colpire le forze di sicurezza a scorta dei vaccinatori nella città di Mastung, a sud di Quetta, capitale della provincia del Balochistan, ha ucciso un agente, i cinque bambini e un negoziante. Il 9 novembre, il numero delle vittime di un attentato suicida nella stazione ferroviaria di Quetta-nonostante la città sia presidiata dalla polizia pakistana-è salito a 31. L'attacco, avvenuto alle 9 del mattino presso il terminal dei biglietti prima della partenza del Jaffar Express diretto a Rawalpindi, è stato rivendicato dal gruppo separatista Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) e ha coinvolto oltre cento persone in attesa del treno. Il portavoce del BLA, Jeeyand Baloch, ha dichiarato che l'attentato, eseguito da un membro della Majeed Brigade (Fidayee Muhammad Rafiq appartenente al gruppo dei Bizanjo, alias Washen Baloch), la cellula suicida del gruppo, ha avuto come obiettivo un'unità dell'esercito pakistano di ritorno da un corso di addestramento presso la scuola di fanteria. Questi episodi segnano una nuova fase di escalation della violenza nel Balochistan, una regione da lungo tempo teatro di conflitti etnici e tensioni tra la popolazione locale e il governo centrale pakistano. Il BLA, che rivendica l'autodeterminazione per la regione, ha intensificato le sue azioni contro le forze di sicurezza e il

This study investigates the relationship between urban form and walkable access to local parks in three districts of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Despite the significant investment in local park development in Jeddah districts, many residents rely on private vehicles for park access, which hinders the opportunities of walking to the park and promotes a healthy lifestyle and sustainable urban development. This study supports the morphological theory that urban form shapes the physical environment and affects pedestrian behavior. Using GIS analysis, the study examined the impact of park distribution, block permeability, and street connectivity on walkable access in three districts. The study found considerable disparities in walkable access across the three districts associated with variations in urban form parameters. It provides empirical evidence that urban form characterized by isolated and unequally distributed parks, impermeable blocks, and poorly connected streets, whether all or part of those characteristics are present, affects walkable access to local parks. The study's findings provide valuable data to policymakers and urban planners to prioritize walkability through strategies such as improving park distribution, enhancing block permeability, and increasing street connectivity. These measures together can contribute to the creation of more pedestrian-friendly and equitable urban environments, promoting physical activity, and reducing car dependency.

Though the race for attaining reliability on energy needs existed even before the beginning of World War I, the question of energy security emerged in the 1970s because of the Arab oil embargo and the Iranian revolution, revealing the fragility of the industrialized countries that relied heavily on oil imports from the Middle East. To deal with the situation, the International Energy Agency (IEA) was founded in 1974 to help its members respond to major oil supply disruptions. Since then, energy security has become a more complex and diverse concept that covers other aspects such as natural gas, electricity, renewable energy, climate change, etc. Energy security is now a multifaceted and dynamic issue that impacts human life's economic, social, and environmental aspects. This chapter would, therefore, try to highlight the past and future of energy security impacting the socioeconomic and environmental aspects to counter future challenges for maintaining a sustainable energy future.

Página 2 de 9 Ester artículo puede traer gratos recuerdos a algunos, sorpresa y ansiedad a otros. Sugiero revisarlo con atención ya que, si bien estoy haciendo una mirada al pasado, la intención es exponer ideas y experiencias que puedan ayudar a resolver la situación crítica en que se encuentra la infraestructura educativa en América Latina hoy. Esta es la primera de varias entregas que estoy preparando sobre el tema. Tomando como base los artículos publicados por CONESCAL en su momento, los actualizo y refiero a la situación de las "construcciones escolares" con las adaptaciones y modificaciones que sean necesarias. Si bien muchos años han pasado, algunos de los problemas planteados entonces siguen agravándose en América Latina y los gobiernos y las comunidades todavía no encuentran el camino hacia una solución efectiva y duradera. Los documentos que voy a usar como referencia están en mi biblioteca personal y en muy pocos lugares en el mundo. Considero que la mejor manera de difundirlos es a través de este sitio web que se actualiza periódicamente: EspacioFisicoEducativo.com

The article introduces main results of a research about defining parking needs to land use functions on the principles of sustainable mobility. Objective of the research was to find a method of determining differentiated, realistic (and environmentally friendly) parking standards applicable in the practice of urban planning and traffic design. Process of the work is briefly presented. Existing Hungarian practice of determining parking demands for different land use functions and zones is dealt with, pointing out problems, inconsequent issues and necessity of an urgent review. Factors to be taken into consideration (land use type, location within the city structure, accessibility and service level of public transportation system, simultaneity of usage land use zones, etc.) are listed. A model for calculation of realistic parking needs is shown. Needs and possible directions of further research are explained.

The article introduces a method to evaluate and develop quality of sustainable mobility planning in European cities. This tool has been worked out by a European Consortium of experts representing 14 countries in Europe. The author-as the Hungarian member and auditor of the Consortium-participated in the project working as an auditor in four Hungarian cities, leading them through the process of the QUEST-method and helping the cities to develop a systematic way of planning sustainable mobility. In the article the process will be shown, advantages, lessons learned, drawbacks and possible future development of the method will be explained.

The  decrease  in  reserves  of  fossil  fuels,  such  as  oil, combined with price fluctuations and the evidence for the  preservation  of  the  environment,  highlight  the need to diversify the global energy matrix through the use  of  renewable  fuels.  Biofuels,  especially  Ethanol and  Biodiesel  B100,  according  to  the  literature,  can be  considered  an  adequate  alternative  to  mitigate  a fraction  of  pollutant  emissions.  Thus,  an  analysis  of the national production of these biofuels is necessary to  understand  the  periods  of  rise  and  decline  of production,    as    well    as    their    connection    with consumption  and  government  incentives  to  maintain production  incentive  programs  in  operation.  Within this  context,  an  overview  of  production  was  carried out  based  on  data  from  the  National  Agency  for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels through the use of the GraphPad Prism 9 software. As main results, it was  verified  that  several  studies  point  to  gaps  in government planning, financial and climate crises, in addition  to  significant  changes  in  investments  by important companies in the sector, which culminated in the deactivation of plants.

Une co-localisation est un sous-ensemble de caractéristiques géographiquement proches les unes des autres. La majorité des méthodes existantes utilise des mesures standards de proximité (par exemple la distance euclidienne). Cependant, ces mesures ne sont pas les plus adaptées selon la zone d'étude. La structure spatiale doit être prise en compte. Cet article propose CSS-Miner, une approche d'extraction de co-localisations sous la contrainte de la structure spatiale. Ici, nous utilisons comme contrainte le réseau routier d'une ville. CSS-Miner a été appliqué sur deux jeux de données des villes de Paris et Chicago en sélectionnant différents points d'intérêt.

Multiple areas of innovation are contributing to making urban mobility sustainable, but these transformations are only implemented after an arrangement resulting from the exercise of power between agents and participants within the institutional framework. This paper aims to identify the characteristics that transportation management institutions should pursue to promote social sustainability in urban mobility projects. The methodological design is based on a comparative analysis of the cases of transportation regulatory institutions in the countries of the Northern Central American Triangle (NCAT) during the implementation period of their Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system projects, using a qualitative method of thematic analysis of institutional narratives. This analysis focuses on two competencies related to the social dimension of sustainability, namely citizen participation and integration of transport planning and land use. The main outcomes are threefold: firstly, a methodological proposal for institutional analysis; secondly, three key characteristics that are interrelated in institutional processes to promote projects and policies for socially sustainable mobility; and finally, it provides information about the management of these transportation projects in the first two decades of this century in a region with limited available information.

This study examines pedestrianisation in the context of the dilemma between urban transport planning and everyday urban mobility in Paris. The literature on pedestrianisation warns of the potential for uneven development and gentrification effects of pedestrianisation policies. This study is based on an online survey of Îlede-France residents (119 in total) and a corresponding survey of shopkeepers in three local shopping districts in Paris (121 in total) from February to June 2021. Additional follow-up informal interviews with English-speaking shopkeepers (about 8 out of the total of 121) about mobility and pedestrianisation practices in Paris helped to provide more in-depth insights. The results showed that Parisian residents and shopkeepers continued to be mobile in the city, using different modes of transport, even under pandemic conditions. In addition, Parisian shopping streets performed well in terms of business continuity. However, some shopkeepers opposed the city's pedestrianisation policy for mobility, economic, and political reasons. In order to alleviate these problems, which could exacerbate urban inequalities, this paper suggests that local perspectives on the use of urban space and pedestrianisation should be taken into account in order to achieve more equitable forms of urban mobility in the crisis-ridden cities of the contemporary world.

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os paradigmas de gestão e financiamento do transporte público coletivo e apontar caminhos alternativos ao modelo predominante concessionado. Há anos se observa a tendência de decréscimo dos passageiros nesse modo de transporte em toda a América Latina, porém sua degradação atingiu pico com a redução drástica de passageiros promovida pela pandemia de COVID-19. As disfunções dos contratos de concessão baseados essencialmente pela receita tarifária vinculada à quantidade de usuários pagantes ficaram evidentes. Neste artigo, analisaremos estudos de caso de adoção de Tarifa Zero ou tarifas sociais e que rompem o ciclo vicioso do transporte, combinação de precarização e aumento da tarifa para responder à redução de passageiros, se reproduzindo até sua falência. Esses novos modelos se fundamentam no princípio do transporte como direito social, reconhecido constitucionalmente desde o ano de 2015, mas distante de ser uma realidade nas cidades brasileiras. E...

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

La revista digital "DESARROLLO Y TERRITORIO" ha sido creada para que los y las profesionales vinculados a la Red de Desarrollo Territorial de América Latina y el Caribe RedDETE ALC y otras organizaciones relacionadas con al desarrollo territorial, dispongan de un espacio para difundir sus trabajos académicos, de investigación y documentos de interés que muestren la situación en los diferentes países y regiones. Creando así un espacio de opinión, reflexión e investigación que propicie el debate en diversos temas de actualidad en el ámbito del Desarrollo Territorial en América Latina. Los textos incluidos son responsabilidad de sus autores o autoras y no necesariamente reflejan la opinión institucional de la RedDETE ALC.

Active mobility offers an array of physical, emotional, and social well-being benefits. However, with the proliferation of the sharing economy, new nonmotorized means of transport are entering the fold, complementing some existing mobility options while competing with others. The purpose of this research study is to investigate the adoption of three active travel modes -namely walking, cycling and bikesharing -in a joint modeling framework. The analysis is based on an adaptation of the stages of change framework, which originates from the health behavior sciences. Multivariate ordered probit modeling drawing on U.S. survey data provides well-needed insights into individuals' preparedness to adopt multiple active modes as a function of personal, neighborhood and psychosocial factors. The research suggests three important findings. 1) The joint model structure confirms interdependence among different active mobility choices. The strongest complementarity is found for walking and cycling adoption. 2) Each mode has a distinctive adoption path with either three or four separate stages. We discuss the implications of derived stage-thresholds and plot adoption contours for selected scenarios. 3) Psychological and neighborhood variables generate more coupling among active modes than individual and household factors. Specifically, identifying strongly with active mobility aspirations, experiences with multimodal travel, possessing better navigational skills, along with supportive local community norms are the factors that appear to drive the joint adoption decisions. This study contributes to the understanding of how decisions within the same functional domain are related and help to design policies that promote active mobility by identifying positive spillovers and joint determinants.

This paper aims to analyze how the induction factors of the built environment from the revitalization works of Marquê s do Paraná Avenue, in the central area of the municipality of Niteroi/RJ-Brazil. Moreover, their relations with the advances brought by the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PMUS) released in 2019, which influenced the transformations of the mobility paradigm along the avenue and in its nearby neighborhoods, were also objects of evaluation. It was applied an analytical and exploratory methodology of the attributes executed in the Nova Marquê s do Paraná Project, evaluating the improvements of mobility noticed on the street when compared to the urban planning of this avenue in the past. It was possible to contrast the current induction factors of the built environment to sustainable mobility with the mobility attributes historically prevalent in the avenue that characterized it as a street axis of passage, inviting only motorized traffic. It was observed that these induction factors acquired the potential to transform local dynamics of displacement and permanence, induced the choice of active modes of travel integrated to public transport and enhance social, economic and leisure activities at the adjacent public spaces of the avenue. This research concluded that the new induction factors are means that can incorporate the human scale on the avenue, promote integrated management of public transport and land use and become reference practices for future masterplans and urban projects in Niterói and similar cities.

The present study aimed to provide an in-depth assessment of the commuting patterns of scholar communities of southwestern European countries and to identify measures to improve their sustainable performance regarding mobility. The adopted methodology characterised the mobility pattern of students as a sustainability indicator and the availability of related infrastructures and local public transport network. Data were gathered by qualitative (behavioural questionnaires) and quantitative (technical audits) approaches, based on measurable indicators (key performance indicators and scores (ranging between 0–5)). Overall, French schools showed the best sustainable performance regarding mobility (2.0) and Gibraltar had the lowest (1.2). The existence of bike parking and electric car charging points were the main weaknesses founds (with their related mean scores being 0.6 and 0.2, respectively). The score associated with annual CO2 emissions due to students’ mobility had the best perform...

A política de Tarifa Zero no transporte público é analisada como uma alternativa para promover inclusão social, sustentabilidade e mobilidade urbana acessível. A eliminação do custo de transporte visa reduzir desigualdades, incentivar o uso de transportes coletivos e diminuir impactos ambientais, como poluição e congestionamentos. Casos nacionais e internacionais destacam desafios financeiros e operacionais, além da importância de um planejamento adaptado a contextos locais. No Brasil, a Tarifa Zero vem se expandindo, principalmente em cidades de pequeno e médio porte, oferecendo benefícios sociais relevantes, mas exigindo esforços significativos para garantir sua viabilidade a longo prazo.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

This paper investigates the integration between different scales of sustainable mobility planning, with particular reference to the integration between Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) and Urban Design. It was carried out in the framework of the EU Erasmus+ UPGRADE project – Urban and transPortation reGeneration for Reducing Automobile Dependency in Middle East and North Africa – MENA area, whose cities are facing major challenges to improve their sustainable mobility. The study uses a comparative method to compare planning models and tools in the European Union, currently limited to the Italian case, with those in the MENA region currently limited to Egypt and Lebanon. On the one hand, the qualitative analysis concerns the integration between sustainable mobility planning and regional and urban spatial planning, looking for relationships (horizontal and vertical coherence checks) and criticalities between them. On the other hand, the analysis concerns the integration of the above levels and types of planning with urban design practices aimed at sustainable mobility. The application of the methodology revealed some criticalities inherent in the processes differentiated according to the countries considered, highlighting key disconnections between SUMP and Urban Mobility Design practices. The next steps of the research will be to expand the case studies and search for good practices in urban mobility design.

The importance of integrating environmental considerations into public transportation systems is crucial to achieving sustainable transportation. It is not enough to just advocate for sustainable transportation; concrete actions are required to bring about real change. One of the main challenges in achieving sustainable transportation is the high level of emissions. In this context, electrification emerges as a viable alternative to address these challenges. This study focuses on the electrification of the 2D Corridor of Trans Metro Pasundan through the Retrofit method, highlighting its cost-effectiveness compared to other methods. The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of electrification on reducing emissions, particularly by measuring the reduction in CO2 emissions before and after the electrification process. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, this research carefully analyzes data to draw conclusions. The findings indicate a significant decrease in CO2 emissions post-electrification, with a reduction of 88.3%. This study emphasizes the potential of electrification in mitigating emissions in Bandung City and West Bandung Regency, thereby contributing to broader goals in achieving sustainable transportation and moving towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060.

It has been suggested that urbanization does not create ways of life but rather offers models that satisfy the expectations of public life. These models can result from the ways that architects, designers, artists, and social actors shape the urban atmosphere setting. In this context, this paper focuses on how São Paulo has worked toward designing a smart city with elements that advance complex issues and promote climate change solutions. This paper explores the processes of aestheticizing and expanding public spaces through an empirical qualitative analysis in which the visual value of a space is evaluated based on cognitive and emotional perceptions. The analysis concludes that aesthetics goes beyond visual and symbolic meanings. By incorporating sustainable and culturally diverse solutions, cities can showcase ethical and aesthetic values that go beyond just a “green image” associated with ecology. A sustainable city that promotes these values is what defines the urban atmosphere.

Shared e-scooter systems were first introduced in 2017 and have since been spreading around the world as a sustainable mode of transport. The success of this mode is also due to new urban mobility strategies and plans, such as the European Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, which relies on non-pollutant modes. To display the range of effects that can be achieved in urban mobility through the proper implementation of shared e-scooter systems, a systematic literature review and a case study were performed. It was found that this shared system can help cities with environmental issues, such as reducing air pollution, reducing inequality in access to transport, promoting money-saving, and improving mobility resilience. During the Covid-19 pandemic, shared e-scooters became a great asset in many cities worldwide, because they promote social distancing and help cities not to rely only on private cars to replace public transport rides, especially for short-distance trips. In the case...