Subject Selection

Fewer girls than boys in England participate in post-compulsory mathematics. Previous studies have shown the significance to girls of their mathematics lessons and teachers, of cultural constructions of gender and mathematics, of career perceptions A multiple case-study project investigated institutions with unusually high participation by girls in mathematics. Focus groups and lesson observations were used to explore school pedagogy and culture. Common factors were: early preparation for demanding mathematics, a departmental ethos which encouraged student-teacher interactions in and out of lessons, teachers who explicitly and repeatedly confirmed that girls would succeed at mathematics A-level, appreciation of mathematics as opening doors to many careers.

This paper explores the perceived effectiveness of teacher training covering inquiry­based science learning for primary school children in England. Teachers who initially took part in teacher training between 2011 and 2013 as part of the FP7 project Pri­Sci­Net were interviewed during spring and summer term 2014; teachers were asked to reflect on their students’ reactions and engagement. Teachers’ responses were thematically analysed, and the implications are discussed within the context of longer­term implications of primary science education on girls’ attitudes and aspirations in science across their subsequent education

This paper explores the perceived effectiveness of teacher training covering inquiry­based science learning for primary school children in England. Teachers who initially took part in teacher training between 2011 and 2013 as part of the FP7 project Pri­Sci­Net were interviewed during spring and summer term 2014; teachers were asked to reflect on their students’ reactions and engagement. Teachers’ responses were thematically analysed, and the implications are discussed within the context of longer­term implications of primary science education on girls’ attitudes and aspirations in science across their subsequent education

A concern commonly raised in the literature and in the media relates to the declining proportions of students who enter and remain in the "science pipeline," and whether many countries, including Australia and New Zealand, have enough budding scientists to fill research and industry positions in the coming years. In addition, there is concern that insufficient numbers of students continue in science to ensure an informed, scientifically literate citizenry. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to survey current Australian and New Zealand scientists to explore their reasons for choosing to study science. An online survey was conducted via a link to SurveyGizmo. The data presented are from 726 respondents who answered 22 forced-choice items and an open-ended question about the reasons they chose to study science. The quantitative data were analysed using t-tests and analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range tests, and the qualitative data were analysed thematically. The quantitative data showed that the main reasons scientists reported choosing to study science were because they were interested in science and because they were good at science. Secondary school science classes and one particular science teacher also were found to be important factors. Of much less importance were the prestige of science and financial considerations. The qualitative data expanded on these findings and showed that passion for science and/or curiosity about the world were important factors and also highlighted the importance of recreational pursuits, such as camping when a child. In the words of one respondent, "People don't go into science for the money and glory. It's passion for knowledge and science that always attracted me to the field". Research Rationale: Choosing Science Over the last decades, a plethora of reports and position papers have been released arguing the importance of science education, not only because a continuing supply of science, mathematics, engineering and technology (STEM) workers are required to fill positions in research and industry, but because there is an increasing need for citizens to have sufficient understanding of the science-related complexities of their everyday lives to participate in decision-making about various local and global issues. Some of the well-cited reports include

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of assertive training on early-adolescents' improvement of resilience. The training which consisted of 10 sessions of 50 minutes each was conducted at Army Day Secondary School in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. A total of 24 students aged 10-12 years were used for the study. Pre-test post test experimental and control group design was used with some observation also made. Randomisation assignment was used to draw the 14 (8 male and 6 female) students to experimental and 10 (male and female) student to control groups. Researcher made earlyadolescents' resilience scale (P.R.S) were used as instruments. Experts in the field of Guidance and Counselling validated the instruments for both pre-test and post-test. A test retest was employed at interval of two weeks to test for the reliability coefficient of the instrument; Spearman's product moment correlation method was used to test the result. The correlated coefficients of early-adolescents' resilience scale = 0.84. The summary of the research questions and hypothesis answered showed that there was positive effect of assertiveness training on improvement of resilience on respondents. The assertiveness training showed more improvement on resilience of the girls than that of the boys. From the statistical analysis, we conclude that the assertive training has been able to improve the level of resilience on the

Student study of science at school has been linked to the need to provide a scientifically capable workforce and a scientifically literate society. Educators, scientists and policymakers are concerned that too few students are choosing science for study in their final years of school. How and why students choose and reject certain subjects, including science, at this time is unclear. A Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) survey was completed by 333 Year 10 (age 14-17) students to investigate the relative importance of 21 factors thought to impact students' subject selection decisions. Students ranked enjoyment, interest and ability in a subject, and its perceived need in their future study or career plans as the most important factors in both choosing and rejecting subjects. They considered advice from teachers, parents or peers as relatively less important. These findings indicate that enhancing students' enjoyment, interest, and perceptions of their ability in science, as well as increasing student perceptions of its value in a future career, may result in more students studying science at school.

This paper explores the perceived effectiveness of teacher training covering inquirybased science learning for primary school children in England. Teachers who initially took part in teacher training between 2011 and 2013 as part of the FP7 project PriSciNet were interviewed during spring and summer term 2014; teachers were asked to reflect on their students' reactions and engagement. Teachers' responses were thematically analysed, and the implications are discussed within the context of longerterm implications of primary science education on girls' attitudes and aspirations in science across their subsequent education.

This paper investigates the factors that influence 15 year-old students' intentions to study physics post-16, when it is no longer compulsory. The analysis is based on the year 10 (age 15 years) responses of 5034 students from 137 England schools as learners of physics during the academic year 2008-09. Factor analyses uncovered a range of physicsspecific constructs, seven of which were statistically significantly associated with intention to study physics post-16 in our final multi-level model; in descending order of effect size these are extrinsic material gain motivation, intrinsic value of physics, home support for achievement in physics, emotional response to physics lessons, perceptions of physics lessons, physics self-concept and advice-pressure to study physics. A further analysis using individual items from the survey rather than constructs (aggregates of items) supported the finding that extrinsic motivation in physics was the most important factor associated with intended participation. In addition, this item-level analysis indicated that within the advicepressure to study physics construct the encouragement individual students receive from their teachers is the key factor that encourages them to intend to continue with physics post-16.

Many countries desire more students to study science subjects, although relatively few students decide to study non-compulsory physics at upper-secondary school and at university. To gain insight into students' intentions to study non-compulsory physics, a longitudinal sample (covering 2258 students across 88 secondary schools in England) was surveyed in year 8 (age 12/13) and again in year 10 (age 14/15). Predictive modelling highlighted that perceived advice, perceived utility of physics, interest in physics, selfconcept beliefs (students' subjective beliefs of their current abilities and performance) and home support specifically orientated to physics were key predictors of students' intentions. Latent-transition analysis via Markov models revealed clusters of students, given these factors at years 8 and 10. Students' intentions varied across the clusters, and at year 10 even varied when accounting for the students' underlying attitudes and beliefs, highlighting that considering clusters offered additional explanatory power and insight. Regardless of whether threecluster, four-cluster, or five-cluster models were considered, the majority of students remained in the same cluster over time; for those who transitioned clusters, more students changed clusters reflecting an increase in attitudes than changed clusters reflecting a decrease. Students in the cluster with the most positive attitudes were most likely to remain within that cluster, while students in clusters with less positive attitudes were more likely to change clusters. Overall, the cluster profiles highlighted that students' attitudes and beliefs may be more closely related than previously assumed, but that changes in their attitudes and beliefs were indeed possible.

More people studying and working within science are desired in numerous countries, although it remains less clear how educators can help. Analysis considered nationally-representative samples of students in England, aged 15 (Year 11), from 2006 and 2015. On both occasions, accounting for students' background and other views, students' perceived utility of science most strongly and positively associated with their science-related career aspirations, while students' reports of encountering different teaching approaches had smaller or no associations. Conveying the wider applications of science to students was the only teaching approach to consistently and positively associate with students' utility and other attitudes. Developing students' attitudes, and hence their aspirations, through highlighting the applications and relevance of science to everyday life may be beneficial.

Background: The research on which this article is based was commissioned because of concerns about perceived shortages of willing and able young people choosing to study physics at university. Purpose: This article reports on first year physics undergraduates' narratives of why they are studying physics and uses these narratives to identify reasons for their choice. Design and method: Narrative-style interviewing with a purposive sample of first year undergraduates yielded data that revealed complexities around decision making, including choice of university course. Analysis of the texts was informed by psychoanalytical notions rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud. These psychoanalytical notions were used both in generating the interview data the undergraduate volunteer interviewees were conceptualised as 'defended subjects'and in analysing these interviews in order to conjecture how unconscious forces might figure in young people's decision making. Results: After analysing the interviews with physics undergraduates, with respect to the question 'why are they reading physics?', the claim is that identification with a key adult is an important element in an individual's participation. On the other hand, we discerned no evidence that experience of the sorts of innovation typically designed to increase physics uptakefor example 'fun projects' or competitionshad been key with respect to a desire to read physics. Conclusion: Attempts to recruit more students to university to study physics should note that a young person who identifies with a significant adult associated with physics, typically a teacher or family member, is in a good position to believe that physics is a subject that is worth studying.

Increasing the number of students who study mathematics once it is no longer compulsory remains a priority for England. A longitudinal cohort from England (1085 students) was surveyed at Years 10 and 12. Students' self-beliefs of ability influenced their GCSE mathematics grades and their intended and actual mathematics subject-choices; the degree of under-confidence or over-confidence related to these self-beliefs was also influential. Additional factors that significantly influenced students' intentions at Year 10 to study mathematics in Year 12 were the advice or pressure to do so, the extrinsic motivation associated with mathematics, their gender and the emotional response associated with doing mathematics. These same factors were also significant influences on students' intentions at Year 12 to study mathematics at university, with the addition of their intrinsic motivation associated with mathematics. Although gender was not a significant influence on GCSE mathematics grades or whether students actually studied A-Level mathematics, boys were associated with higher intentions to study mathematics into Year 12, 13 and university. Additionally, girls were generally more under-confident than boys in their self-beliefs.

This article explores how students'aspirations to study mathematics or physics in post-16 education are associated with their perceptions of their education, their motivations, and the support they feel they received. The analysis is based on the responses of around 10,000 students in England in Year 8 (age 12-13) and then in Year 10 (age 14-15). The students were first surveyed during 2008-2009 and then followed up in 2010-2011. t-tests revealed a decline in their perceptions of their mathematics and physics education. Factor analyses indicated subject-specific constructs that were associated with gender aspiration groups (i.e., high-aspiring girls, high-aspiring boys, low-aspiring girls, lowaspiring boys). High-aspiring girls were more likely than low-aspiring boys to be positive about mathematics/physics education, motivation in these subjects, and support received. However, high-aspiring girls were less likely than high-aspiring boys to be encouraged by their teachers and families to continue with these subjects post-16 and had lower self-concepts, intrinsic valuations, and perceptions of lessons. Low-aspiring girls reported the least favorable views of their mathematics/physics education of all four gender aspiration groups. Findings were generally similar for mathematics and physics, although students overall responded more favorably to mathematics than to physics. The quantitative findings are illustrated with extracts from longitudinal interviews (ages 15, 16, and 17) of two high-aspiring girls.

This paper explores the perceived effectiveness of teacher training covering inquirybased science learning for primary school children in England. Teachers who initially took part in teacher training between 2011 and 2013 as part of the FP7 project PriSciNet were interviewed during spring and summer term 2014; teachers were asked to reflect on their students' reactions and engagement. Teachers' responses were thematically analysed, and the implications are discussed within the context of longerterm implications of primary science education on girls' attitudes and aspirations in science across their subsequent education.

The study aimed to explore the students perception about need of parents involvement at University level. Major objective of the study was to find out students views about the importance of parents’ involvement at university level and to find out the influence of parents in subject selection for the study. The population of the study composed of all students of Master level studying at National University of Modern Languages Islamabad. 40 male and 40 female students were selected as well as 20 students out of 80 were randomly selected for interview. Data were analyzed according to objectives of the study. After completing data collection, quantitative data were analysed by using SPSS 16.0 for statistical analysis. On the other hand qualitative data were analyzed by coding, describing, classifying and identifying themes and interpretation was done by providing meaning through explanations. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the students’ were in the favour of parents’ in...

This study examines the impact of commercial banking on Nigeria industrial sector using secondary data covering the period of 1980-2018 that were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The model's estimates were estimated via multiple econometric model of the ordinary least square to determine the effect of commercial bank credit to industrial sector, inflation, infrastructure, exchange rate, interest rate, labour force and bank capital on industrial sector proxied by industrial output. The results show that commercial bank credits to industrial sector, infrastructure, inflation, labour and bank capital have a positive impact on industrial sector while exchange rate has a negative impact on industrial sector but conforms to the a priori expectation. The study also found out that only commercial bank credits to industrial sector and infrastructure were significant in explaining industrial sector growth while other variables used in the study were all found to be non-significant in explaining the growth rate of the industrial sector. The study concludes that adequate commercial banks credit intermediation in the industrial sector and government expenditure on the needed infrastructure will enhance the sector performance.

The issue of parental pedagogical competence is becoming more pronounced particularly if it is understood in the context of raising children for a competent and responsible behaviour. Parenting involves undertaking various activities aimed at taking care of the child, encouraging his/her development, and simultaneously developing interpersonal relations. In their parenting, parents seek to fulfil various personal and social expectations, so the key issue is how parents perceive their own pedagogical competence. In order to study how parents (self-)assess their pedagogical competence, a research was conducted on a sample of 90 parents of children of early and preschool age. Factor analysis identified four factors: lack of knowledge and of confidence in child-rearing, blaming somebody else, and uncertainty in the ability to influence the child, which explain the pedagogical incompetence, and confidence factor in child-rearing which indicates parental pedagogical competence. The T-test was performed and at the significance level of p <0.05 no significant difference was found in selfassessed parental competence with respect to the gender and age of the child. It is reasonable to argue that parents need occasional or more permanent support and help in the acquisition of knowledge of parenting, which can and should be primarily provided by the educators in institutions.

This article explores the development of academic identity in community schools. It highlights examples of program and services in different school districts in the United States. It also describes different components of effective community schools and how the community is integrated in the life of the school. It uses a case study approach of John Spry Community School in Chicago. Community schools provide ongoing learning for all members of the school community. They provide an alignment of systems that foster a productive, collaborative and culturally responsive culture with high academic growth for all learners. All educational stakeholders including parents and community members accept and follow-up with shared accountability standards. This article substantiates effective practices which promote the full participation of the school community in programs and activities.

Akibat dari perkembangan zaman yang semakin luas, dunia pendidikan semakin menyoroti pelajaran bahasa asing salah satunya adalah Bahasa Mandarin. Dalam mempelajari bahasa asing tentunya ditemukan banyak kesulitan, salah satunya adalah kata sinonim 经过 dan 通过 dalam kalimat yang memiliki persamaan arti dalam bahasa Indonesia yaitu melewati, kesulitan tersebut tentunya menjadi hambatan dalam mempelajari bahasa Mandarin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan apa saja yang dilakukan oleh 41 mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin Surabaya semester 6 dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kesalahan tersebut sering dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan kesalahan sesuai posisi kedua kata dalam kalimat yaitu kata kerja, kata benda, kata preposisi juga kesalahan kata dapat saling menggantikan dan kesalahan global. Dari antara kedua kata yaitu 经过 dan 通过, kata 通过 memiliki jumlah kesalahan lebih banyak. Faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan tersebut sering dilakukan adalah faktor bahas...

Big data is an upcoming technology and requires utmost care for an efficient and smooth implementation of the technology. In case of healthcare the most challenging part of big data is the privacy, data security, handling large volume of medical imaging data and data leakage. It can be useful to this sector when big data is made structured, relevant, smart and accessible and the managers should give importance to the strategic and business value of big data technology rather than only concentrating at the technological aspect of the implementation. The use of big data in natural disasters and pandemics helps to understand and make better decision with fast processing of the data that are collected through various sources such as social media, sensors and other internet activities. This paper tries to focus on effective involvement of Big Data in natural disaster and pandemic and also identify the current and future use of Big Data in health care sector. The paper identifies the critical aspects which are used for Big data implementation and describe ways to handle the challenges related to it.

Gender issues in science education have been widely reported in the literature and linked to the underrepresentation of women in science careers, particularly in physics. Drawing on survey data from the European Commission funded project “MultiCO – Promoting youth scientific career awareness and its attractiveness through multi-stakeholder cooperation”, we analyse the English baseline findings of science interest, self-concept regarding science and career aspirations, prior to introducing scenario-based interventions aimed at raising interest in science and future science-related aspirations. The scenarios illustrate careers that use science skills. By examining the responses of 210 English students, it was found that girls are more interested in biology and less interested in physics than boys; and that their self-concept regarding science subjects is significantly lower. The findings also suggest that self-concept is an influencing factor for girls’ interest in science, but not fo...

 Dựa trên cơ sở thành quả nghiên cứu về vấn đề danh từ chuyển hóa thành động từ của những học giả đi trước, bài viết chủ yếu thảo luận về sự thay đổi về mặt ngữ nghĩa và chức năng ngữ pháp của danh từ tiếng Hán sau khi chuyển hóa thành động từ là từ Hán Việt tương ứng trong tiếng Việt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sau khi du nhập vào tiếng Việt, nghĩa biểu vật (nghĩa sở chỉ) của danh từ tiếng Hán đã chuyển sang nghĩa biểu thị hành vi, hoạt động; sau khi chuyển hóa, từ Hán Việt tương ứng của danh từ tiếng Hán bị chuyển hóa cũng mất đi các chức năng ngữ pháp vốn có của danh từ tiếng Hán, chuyển sang thực hiện các chức năng mới của động từ trong tiếng Việt. Tuy nhiên, mức độ chuyển hóa sang động từ tiếng Việt của danh từ tiếng Hán không đồng đều, có từ “chuyển hóa hoàn toàn”, có từ vẫn đang trong quá trình chuyển hóa.  

Lifespan of a normal human is increasing with the world population and it produces new challenge in health care. big data change the method of data management ,leverage data and analyzing data.with the help of big data we can reduces the costs of treatment, reducing medication and provide better treatment with predictive analytics. Health related data collected from various sources like electronic health record (EHR) ,medical imaging system, genomic sequencing, pay of records, pharmaceutical research , and medical devices, etc. are refers to as big data in healthcare.

The present work focuses with the licensing of Suo in Chinese, with special reference to the Object Shift in Scandinavian languages and to the cliticization in French. Structurally, Suo differs from both strong pronouns with the full DP form on the one hand, and from French pronominal clitics which are analogous to affixes on the other. Therefore, Suo cannot be fixed in argument positions, nor can it be incorporated into verbs as Romance clitics. Its fronting is Object Shift rather than cliticization. Given that Suo occurs in the outer Specv*P, an A'-position, it must be licensed in a syntactic chain formed by A'-movement for the chain uniformity.

Akibat dari perkembangan zaman yang semakin luas, dunia pendidikan semakin menyoroti pelajaran bahasa asing salah satunya adalah Bahasa Mandarin. Dalam mempelajari bahasa asing tentunya ditemukan banyak kesulitan, salah satunya adalah kata sinonim 经过 dan 通过 dalam kalimat yang memiliki persamaan arti dalam bahasa Indonesia yaitu melewati, kesulitan tersebut tentunya menjadi hambatan dalam mempelajari bahasa Mandarin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan apa saja yang dilakukan oleh 41 mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin Surabaya semester 6 dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kesalahan tersebut sering dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan kesalahan sesuai posisi kedua kata dalam kalimat yaitu kata kerja, kata benda, kata preposisi juga kesalahan kata dapat saling menggantikan dan kesalahan global. Dari antara kedua kata yaitu 经过 dan 通过, kata 通过 memiliki jumlah kesalahan lebih banyak. Faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan tersebut sering dilakukan adalah faktor bahas...

This article explores the development of academic identity in community schools. It highlights examples of program and services in different school districts in the United States. It also describes different components of effective community schools and how the community is integrated in the life of the school. It uses a case study approach of John Spry Community School in Chicago. Community schools provide ongoing learning for all members of the school community. They provide an alignment of systems that foster a productive, collaborative and culturally responsive culture with high academic growth for all learners. All educational stakeholders including parents and community members accept and follow-up with shared accountability standards. This article substantiates effective practices which promote the full participation of the school community in programs and activities.

The study aimed to explore the students perception about need of parents involvement at University level. Major objective of the study was to find out students views about the importance of parents’ involvement at university level and to find out the influence of parents in subject selection for the study. The population of the study composed of all students of Master level studying at National University of Modern Languages Islamabad. 40 male and 40 female students were selected as well as 20 students out of 80 were randomly selected for interview. Data were analyzed according to objectives of the study. After completing data collection, quantitative data were analysed by using SPSS 16.0 for statistical analysis. On the other hand qualitative data were analyzed by coding, describing, classifying and identifying themes and interpretation was done by providing meaning through explanations. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the students’ were in the favour of parents’ in...

This study examines the impact of commercial banking on Nigeria industrial sector using secondary data covering the period of 1980-2018 that were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The model's estimates were estimated via multiple econometric model of the ordinary least square to determine the effect of commercial bank credit to industrial sector, inflation, infrastructure, exchange rate, interest rate, labour force and bank capital on industrial sector proxied by industrial output. The results show that commercial bank credits to industrial sector, infrastructure, inflation, labour and bank capital have a positive impact on industrial sector while exchange rate has a negative impact on industrial sector but conforms to the a priori expectation. The study also found out that only commercial bank credits to industrial sector and infrastructure were significant in explaining industrial sector growth while other variables used in the study were all found to be non-significant in explaining the growth rate of the industrial sector. The study concludes that adequate commercial banks credit intermediation in the industrial sector and government expenditure on the needed infrastructure will enhance the sector performance.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

More people studying and working within science are desired in numerous countries, although it remains less clear how educators can help. Analysis considered nationally-representative samples of students in England, aged 15 (Year 11), from 2006 and 2015. On both occasions, accounting for students' background and other views, students' perceived utility of science most strongly and positively associated with their science-related career aspirations, while students' reports of encountering different teaching approaches had smaller or no associations. Conveying the wider applications of science to students was the only teaching approach to consistently and positively associate with students' utility and other attitudes. Developing students' attitudes, and hence their aspirations, through highlighting the applications and relevance of science to everyday life may be beneficial.

Background: The research on which this article is based was commissioned because of concerns about perceived shortages of willing and able young people choosing to study physics at university. Purpose: This article reports on first year physics undergraduates' narratives of why they are studying physics and uses these narratives to identify reasons for their choice. Design and method: Narrative-style interviewing with a purposive sample of first year undergraduates yielded data that revealed complexities around decision making, including choice of university course. Analysis of the texts was informed by psychoanalytical notions rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud. These psychoanalytical notions were used both in generating the interview data the undergraduate volunteer interviewees were conceptualised as 'defended subjects'and in analysing these interviews in order to conjecture how unconscious forces might figure in young people's decision making. Results: After analysing the interviews with physics undergraduates, with respect to the question 'why are they reading physics?', the claim is that identification with a key adult is an important element in an individual's participation. On the other hand, we discerned no evidence that experience of the sorts of innovation typically designed to increase physics uptakefor example 'fun projects' or competitionshad been key with respect to a desire to read physics. Conclusion: Attempts to recruit more students to university to study physics should note that a young person who identifies with a significant adult associated with physics, typically a teacher or family member, is in a good position to believe that physics is a subject that is worth studying.

Many countries report high attrition rates among beginning teachers. The literature cites many factors that influence a teacher's decision to remain in the profession. These include remuneration, workload, support, administration and parents. It is unclear, however, which factors matter most to teachers and, consequently, where best to direct limited resources. This study uses Best-worst Scaling (BWS) and complementary experimental design methods to quantify the relative importance of these factors. The results suggest that improving student engagement, experiencing professional challenges and enjoying collegial support are the most important factors influencing teacher decisions to stay in the profession. Beginning teachers nominate remuneration, recognition, and external factors (e.g., class size; location) as playing a lesser role in their decision to remain teachers.

Precision medicine works on the fundamental principle that a particular disease gives rise to different physical symptoms in different individuals, based on their genome structure, lifestyle and environmental conditions. Eg:-two people of different ethnicity may not respond in the same way to a drug treatment.

Many countries report high attrition rates among beginning teachers. The literature cites many factors that influence a teacher's decision to remain in the profession. These include remuneration, workload, support, administration and parents. It is unclear, however, which factors matter most to teachers and, consequently, where best to direct limited resources. This study uses Best-worst Scaling (BWS) and complementary experimental design methods to quantify the relative importance of these factors. The results suggest that improving student engagement, experiencing professional challenges and enjoying collegial support are the most important factors influencing teacher decisions to stay in the profession. Beginning teachers nominate remuneration, recognition, and external factors (e.g., class size; location) as playing a lesser role in their decision to remain teachers.

Many countries report high attrition rates among beginning teachers. The literature cites many factors that influence a teacher's decision to remain in the profession. These include remuneration, workload, support, administration and parents. It is unclear, however, which factors matter most to teachers and, consequently, where best to direct limited resources. This study uses Best-worst Scaling (BWS) and complementary experimental design methods to quantify the relative importance of these factors. The results suggest that improving student engagement, experiencing professional challenges and enjoying collegial support are the most important factors influencing teacher decisions to stay in the profession. Beginning teachers nominate remuneration, recognition, and external factors (e.g., class size; location) as playing a lesser role in their decision to remain teachers.

Science study at school has been linked to the provision of a scientifically capable workforce and a scientifically literate society. Concern has been expressed by educators, academics and policymakers that too few students are choosing post-compulsory science at school. Genderbased preferences for some science subjects has been cited as an important factor affecting choice of science at school. A Best-Worst Scaling survey was used to measure the relative importance of 21 factors that male and female students consider when choosing and rejecting subjects. Results from 333 Year 10 (age 14–17) students suggest that male and female students choose and reject subjects in a similar manner but there are differences in the degree of importance students place on some factors. Girls considered their interest, enjoyment, past ability and type of classwork as being relatively more important than boys did when choosing subjects. Girls considered their past ability and difficulty of a subject as...

Student study of science at school has been linked to the need to provide a scientifically capable workforce and a scientifically literate society. Educators, scientists and policymakers are concerned that too few students are choosing science for study in their final years of school. How and why students choose and reject certain subjects, including science, at this time is unclear. A Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) survey was completed by 333 Year 10 (age 14-17) students to investigate the relative importance of 21 factors thought to impact students' subject selection decisions. Students ranked enjoyment, interest and ability in a subject, and its perceived need in their future study or career plans as the most important factors in both choosing and rejecting subjects. They considered advice from teachers, parents or peers as relatively less important. These findings indicate that enhancing students' enjoyment, interest, and perceptions of their ability in science, as well as increasing student perceptions of its value in a future career, may result in more students studying science at school.

Health services across the world are on the one hand the most regulated of all professions, the workforce planning is the most advanced and the restrictions on licence to practice most stringent, especially across borders- yet the workforce is dependent on the ability of large scale movement of professionals across nation-states. The UK NHS has over 41% of its doctors and a quarter of all nurses who were born / trained overseas. This is not much different to many other advanced health systems. It is also recognised that patient outcomes, recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals who are in great demand depends on autonomy, job satisfaction and a sense of value, equality and a just environment. A fundamental tenet of equality, celebrating diversity and inclusion is how organisation or society deals with the immigrant professionals or ‘foreigners’. The ability to correctly pronounce ‘foreign’ names is one of the fundamental and most obvious demonstration of respect one acc...

BAPIO (British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin) as an organisation actively promotes the diversity, equality and inclusion of all healthcare professionals. As an organisation which encompasses a majority of ethnic minority members, we hear the unfortunate experiences of bullying, harassment and discrimination that takes place in numerous healthcare settings within the UK. In response to these lived experiences, a committee was appointed to establish a set of standards, to foster dignity within the workplace, using the large body of literature documents available. The ambition of this project is to advocate and advertise for an environment that is free from bullying and harassment and to adopt a zero tolerance policy towards bullying or harassment. We aim to do this by developing, implementing, and evaluating our Dignity@Work Standards. The Standards constitutes of 8 different domains for all healthcare professionals including managerial members to adopt in clinical practi...

Given international concerns about students' pursuit (or more correctly, non-pursuit) of courses and careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), this study is about achieving a better understanding of factors related to high school students' engagement in science. The study builds on previous secondary analyses of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) datasets for New Zealand and Australia. For the current study, we repeated these analyses to compare patterns of science engagement and science literacy for male and female students in Canada and Australia. The study's secondary analysis revealed that for all PISA measures included under the conceptual umbrella of engagement in science (i.e., interest, enjoyment, valuing, self-efficacy, self-concept, and motivation), 15-year-old students in Australia lagged their Canadian counterparts to varying, albeit modest, degrees. Our retrospective analysis further shows, however, that gender equity in science engagement and science literacy is evident in both Canadian and Australian contexts. Additionally, and consistent with previous findings for indigenous and non-indigenous students in New Zealand and Australia, we found that for male and female students in both countries, the factor most strongly associated with variations in engagement in science was the extent to which students participate in science activities outside of school. In contrast, and again for both Canadian and Australian students, the factors most strongly associated with science literacy were students' socioeconomic backgrounds, and the amount of formal time spent doing science. The implications of these results for science educators and researchers are discussed.

Heart disease describes a variety of conditions that affect the coronary heart. Diseases underneath the coronary heart sickness umbrella consist of blood vessel diseases, together with coronary artery disorder, heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) and heart defects, human beings are born with (congenital heart defects), among others. If the heart disorder isn&#39;t recognized at an early stage, the patient’s situation might get worsened and for that reason endanger his life. Therefore, this software program is evolved in order to research the patient check details and give an evaluation as to whether or not the affected person is healthful or requires remedy for heart disorder by giving the intensity of patient’s heart situation because the result.

Background: One of the most important facts that should be considered is confidentiality in order to maintain privacy turning out to be matters of security. Keeping-up confidentiality is a crucial factor in any field, as well as health realms. Professionals who have the ingress to approach the patients' communications must keep confidentiality in health. The priority for any human being is privacy to information especially related to health. Security enables us to live peacefully, without anxiety and in full insurance. The interpretive methodology was used in this research as it gives an impression of face to face interactions in healthcare bringing in social reality of what is happening in the health society. In consultations on gathering these results for our research, we also realized that the most common threats of loss of data and theft come under certain types of disclosures mainly third parties, routine and inadvertent. Upon this realization, there must be notification to protect security, confidentiality and privacy when security breaches occur mainly to patients. As a result, patients must provide consent about their medical information in electronically form or in writing and the consent must be signed by the patient or family member or trusted entity. The patients must come clear on the nature of the information to be disclosed and where it should be disclosed and also when the consent should expire. At the same time, a health facility must take care of the institution's database and can only disclose to the management of the health institution whose obligation would also be to protect the data, as they might need the information for research purposes, where the researchers have approval from their institution's or to legal representatives. The advent of the hype of electronic information technology leads to major inconvenience in the main areas of human life. This manuscript explores issues in maintaining confidentiality and privacy in healthcare and other analysis of its value to individual and society as a whole. "Right to privacy is really important. You pull that brick out and another and pretty soon the house falls." Tim Cook (2016)1

 Dựa trên cơ sở thành quả nghiên cứu về vấn đề danh từ chuyển hóa thành động từ của những học giả đi trước, bài viết chủ yếu thảo luận về sự thay đổi về mặt ngữ nghĩa và chức năng ngữ pháp của danh từ tiếng Hán sau khi chuyển hóa thành động từ là từ Hán Việt tương ứng trong tiếng Việt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sau khi du nhập vào tiếng Việt, nghĩa biểu vật (nghĩa sở chỉ) của danh từ tiếng Hán đã chuyển sang nghĩa biểu thị hành vi, hoạt động; sau khi chuyển hóa, từ Hán Việt tương ứng của danh từ tiếng Hán bị chuyển hóa cũng mất đi các chức năng ngữ pháp vốn có của danh từ tiếng Hán, chuyển sang thực hiện các chức năng mới của động từ trong tiếng Việt. Tuy nhiên, mức độ chuyển hóa sang động từ tiếng Việt của danh từ tiếng Hán không đồng đều, có từ “chuyển hóa hoàn toàn”, có từ vẫn đang trong quá trình chuyển hóa.  

Along with the rapid growth in Internet-based instruction there have been concerns about the quality of online instruction and whether traditional student evaluations of faculty are suitable in online environments. This study uses data collected from ongoing student evaluations of faculty in an MBA program within an online university to investigate the factors leading to student ratings of overall professor facilitator performance and overall satisfaction with the course. Using factor analysis we investigated the underlying factors related to the items on the survey which revealed factors relating to personal attributes of the professor facilitator, learning facilitation and quality of feedback. Results from regression analysis finds that evaluations of overall professor facilitator performance is predominantly driven by both the professor's attributes and learning facilitation while overall student satisfaction is largely driven by factors associated with learning facilitation.

Background Sustainability is increasingly a vital consideration for engineers. Improved understanding of how attention to sustainability influences student major and career choice could inform efforts to broaden participation in engineering. Purpose Two related questions guided our research. How do career outcome expectations related to sustainability predict the choice of an engineering career? Which broader sustainability-related outcomes do students perceive as related to engineering? To address both questions, we compared effects for engineering and nonengineering students while controlling for various confounding variables. Design/Method We conducted a survey to collect responses about sustainability and other variables of interest from a national sample of college students in introductory English classes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analysis. Results Students who hope to address certain sustainability issues such as energy, climate change, environmental degradation, and water supply are more likely to pursue engineering. Those who hope to address other sustainability issues such as opportunities for women and minorities, poverty, and disease are less likely to do so. Students hoping to address sustainability-related outcome expectations with obvious human relevance are less likely to pursue engineering. Yet those students who perceive "improving quality of life" and "saving lives" as associated with engineering are more likely to pursue the profession. Conclusions Our results suggest that showing students the connection between certain sustainability issues and engineering careers could help those striving to increase and diversify participation in engineering. A broader range of engineers would likely bring new ideas and ways of thinking to engineering for sustainability.

Data science, also known as data-driven science, is an interdisciplinary field about scientific methods, processes, and systems to extract knowledge or insights from data in various forms, either structured or unstructured, similar to data mining.Data science is about dealing with large quality of data for the purpose of extracting meaningful and logical results/conclusions/patterns. It&#39;s a newly emerging field that encompasses a number of activities, such as data mining and data analysis. It employs techniques ranging from mathematics, statistics, and information technology, computer programming, data engineering, pattern recognition and learning, visualization, and high performance computing. This paper gives a clear idea about the different data science technologies used in Big data Analytics. Data science is a &quot;concept to unify statistics, data analysis and their related methods&quot; in order to &quot;understand and analyze actual phenomena&quot; with data. It employs ...

Numerous clinical practices used in certain organizations are said to be of an age old practice whose results are not without side effects. Evidence Based Medicine is the approach that enables an optimum decision making system with the acquisition of the best evidence based of a clinical research. The system improves the quality of healthcare and additionally provides certain standards that every organization can abide. The Indian Health Ministry laying down the standards for EHR (Electronic Health Records) only makes it eminent that data stored will be digitized. With Blockchain technology on the rise, organizations will be sharing patient data more conveniently and securely. Data collected from patients and also from clinical research, especially in India will be immense. As data grows in volume and complexity, the need for analytics arises. Big Data Analytics is the domain which deals with cleansing surmounts of complex data and gaining valuable insights from it using various com...

The research on which this report is based was commissioned because of concerns about perceived shortages of willing and able young people choosing to study physics at university. This paper reports on first year physics undergraduates&#39; stories of why they are studying physics. Narrative-style interviewing with a purposive sample of first year undergraduates enabled data that revealed complexities around decision making, including choice of university course. Analysis of the texts was informed by psychoanalytic notions rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud. These psychoanalytic notions were used both in generating the interview data - the undergraduate volunteer interviewees were conceptualised as &#39;defended subjects&#39; - and in analysing these interviews in order to conjecture how unconscious forces might figure in young peoples&#39; &#39;decision making&#39;. After analysing the interviews with physics undergraduates, with respect to the question &#39;why are they reading p...