Soil Arthropods

Soil ecosystems support a large diversity of organisms of which arthropods are an important constituent. Soil functioning is affected by the abundance and the diversity of such soil organisms. Soil arthropods play an important role in organic matter breakdown and nutrient cycling (Tian et al.,1997) and they contribute to the creation and maintenance of good soil quality (Schrader et al., 1997; Knoepp et al., 2000). Knowledge on numbers of microarthropods in litter and soil is essential for knowing decomposition and nutrient cycling processes. Though the microarthropods are abundant in most agricultural soils but their importance is often overlooked (Crossley et al., 1992). There are several methods to estimate the population size of soil microarthropods. The Tullgren funnel extraction procedure (Tullgren, 1918; Macfadyen, 1953) is the simplest one, in which soil animals are forced by a temperature gradient to move from the soil cores to the vials. The Tullgren funnel works on the principle that most organisms move away from bright light and very warm/dry conditions. They move to the bottom of the samples, fall through the fine sieve into a collecting vessel, and are preserved for examination (Michael et al., 1975). Although the information on the ecology of soil microarthropodsin India is reasonable, studies in NorthEast India, particularly in Assam, are only a few. Keeping this point in view, the present investigation was carried out to make a quantitative assessment of distribution of soil microarthropods at three different ecosystems of districtJorhatof Assam by usingTullgren Funnel method.

The present study was undertaken to know the density and diversity of collembolans in Majuli river island during 2015-16. Altogether 1354.55 individuals of Collembola were extracted, which revealed the presence of 5 species viz., Cyphoderus sp., Entomobrya sp., Isotoma sp., Folsomia sp. and Hypogastrura sp. belonging to 4 families viz., Cyphoderidae, Entomobryidae, Isotomidae and Hypogastruridae. Cyphoderus sp. was recorded to be the most abundant species contributing 37.74 percent of population. During the study period, the diversity was recorded to be higher during summer indicating the presence of relatively stable habitats as compared to other seasons. The highest density (196.36 nos./sq.m.) of Collembola was registered during the summer season and the lowest during the winter season (39.09 nos./sq.m.). Monthly variation of collembolan density revealed the maximum population of Collembola during the month of August (206.82 nos./sq.m.) whereas minimum was registered during February (27.27 nos./sq.m). Correlation studies revealed a significant positive correlation of collembolan density and diversity with soil moisture (Density, r= 0.929, 0.923, 0.824 and 0.945); (Diversity, r= 0.702, 0.867, 0.622 and 0.904) and organic carbon (Density, r= 0.873, 0.973, 0.787 and 0.915); (Diversity, r= 0.732, 0.667, 0.735 and 0.843) during all the seasons, respectively. Other soil physicochemical properties viz., sand, silt, clay, soil microbial biomass carbon, pH and bulk density did not exhibited any distinct relationship with both the density and diversity of the collembolans.

The Malagasy giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902 is revised. Seven new species, S. titanus sp. n., S. vatovavy sp. n., S. lavasoa sp. n., S. andohahela sp. n., S. ivohibe sp. n., S. saintelucei sp. n., and S. andrahomana sp. n. were discovered, in one case with the help of sequence data, in the rainforests of southeastern Madagascar. The species are described using light- and scanning electron microscopy. A key to all 10 species of the genus is presented. All but one (S. andohahela) of the newly discovered species are microendemics each occurring in isolated forest fragments. The mitochondrial COI barcoding gene was amplified and sequenced for 18 Sphaeromimus specimens, and a dataset containing COI sequences of 28 specimens representing all Sphaeromimus species (except S. vatovavy) was analyzed. All species are genetically monophyletic. Interspecific uncorrected genetic distances were moderate (4-10%) to high (18-25%), whereas intraspecific variation...

Resumo. A configuração do habitat é um dos fatores que pode influenciar a distribuição dos organismos. O pantanal por apresentar mosaico natural de formações se enquadra para testar tais afirmações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a distância e o tamanho de capões afetam a composição da comunidade de artrópodes testando a hipótese de que quanto maior e mais próximo o capão da mata ciliar, maior sua diversidade. Foram amostradas seis parcelas de 30 cm² em nove capões onde a serrapilheira e o solo foram coletados, acondicionados em sacos plásticos e posteriormente triados. Houve relação entre a composição da comunidade de artrópodes em relação à distância e o tamanho indicando que o pulso de inundação do último ano afetou de forma significativa a comunidade de artrópodes de solo em capões. O acompanhamento dos processos de recolonização dos capões é sugerido.

A BSTR ACT. During the collecting of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) in Mazandaran province, Xenylla mediterranea da Gama, 1964 was reported for the first time from Iran. With the new record in this study, the number of Xynella species known from Iran increased to four. Information for specie including material examined, description, ecology, distribution, and illustrations are given.

Experiments were conducted to observe the quantitative distribution of soil micro arthropods from three different ecosystems, viz. agro-ecosystem, forest ecosystem and fallow land of district Jorhat of Assam during 2006–09 through Tullgren Funnel Method (TFM). The maximum population of soil arthropods (18693 m−2) was recorded in 2007–08, followed by 17081.5 m−2 and 6049.2 m−2 in 2008–09 and 2006–07, respectively, reaching a peak population during the months of August (1101, 3959.6 and 2939.4 m−2 during 2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09, respectively) and subsequently a declining trend was observed. Maximum numbers of soil arthropods were collected from the forest ecosystem (17884.7 m−2), followed by agro-ecosystem (14236.3 m−2) and fallow land (9720.9 m−2). Compared with forest and agro-ecosystem, the lowest population of soil arthropods was recorded from fallow land. Amidst all the soil arthropods, soil mites were found to be dominant in all the ecosystems and altogether of 6556.1, 7515...

A BSTR ACT. During the collecting of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) in Mazandaran province, Xenylla mediterranea da Gama, 1964 was reported for the first time from Iran. With the new record in this study, the number of Xynella species known from Iran increased to four. Information for specie including material examined, description, ecology, distribution, and illustrations are given.

Se comunican nuevos datos de dos especies de colémbolos ibéricos que constituyen infestaciones domésticas en Nigrán, Pontevedra. Se acompañan imágenes de estas especies: Ceratophysella engadinensis (Gisin, 1949), que es nueva cita para la provincia de Pontevedra, y Folsomides centralis (Denis, 1931), que se cita por primera vez en la Península Ibérica.

Se comunican nuevos datos de tres especies de colémbolos ibéricos que constituyen infestaciones domésticas. Se acompañan imágenes de estas especies: Isotomurus plumosus Bagnall, 1940 encontrado en un jardín doméstico de Barcelona, así como de Entomobrya nigrocincta Denis, 1923 y Entomobrya schoetti Stach,

Study Area We have focused all of our efforts on the Toledo District, in the far south of Belize (Figure 1). Nearly all of the previous cave biology research in Belize has focused on the more accessible caves of the Cayo District. Permits Appropriate permits were secured from Institute of Archaeology, Archaeology Museum & Research Centre (Culvert Road, Belmopan City, Belize C.A.) and Forest Department (Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, Forest Drive, Belmopan City, Belize C.A.). In addition, we worked closely with a customs broker in Belize and US Fish & Wildlife Service personnel to complete appropriate paperwork to get material legally into the United States. Requests for specific cave locations from the present study should be directed to the Belize Institute of Archeology (Belmopan).

Present study was done in forests of northern Iran during 2016 to investigate Entomobryomorpha (Collembola) fauna. Seven genera and nine species belonging to families Tomoceridae and Entomobryidae were found. The genus Pogonognathellus Paclt, 1944 and species P. flavescens (Tullberg, 1871) belonging to Tomoceridae family are recorded for the first time from Iran, also three new records from Entomobryidae of genus Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 are reported for Mazandaran province fauna.

A BS TRA CT. During a faunistic study on the springtails (Collembola) of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran, eight species including three Hypogastruridae, four Isotomidae and one Sminthuridae were collected and identified. Acherontiella and Acherontiella bougisi Cassagnau et Delamare Deboutteville, 1955 (Hypogastruridae), Ballistura tuberculata (Stach, 1947) (Isotomidae) and Sminthurus wahlgreni Stach, 1920 (Sminthuridae) are new for Iran while Hypogastrura manubrialis (Tullberg, 1869) (Hypogastruridae), Isotomurus palustris (Müller, 1776) and Parisotoma notabilis (Schäffer, 1896) (Isotomidae) are new for Khuzestan fauna.

Checklist of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) from "malladas" of the Devesa and Racó de l'Olla (Albufera Natural Park, Valencia, Spain) with a description of a sp. nov. In aquatic macroinvertebrate sampling campaigns carried out between 2004 and 2008 in the malladas (inter-dune depressions that receive rainwater or are fed from a local aquifer) of the Devesa and Racó de l'Olla of the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia (Spain), 18 taxa of Collembola were collected and distributed among seven families of Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona. Entomobrya benaventi sp. nov., is present in the vegetation associated with different samples "malladas" (Ra01b, Ra04, Sa04, Sa03/04, etc.) and showed sexual dimorphism different from other species of the genus. The sampling also included the first citation for the Iberian Peninsula of Jordanathrix articulata articulata (Ellis, 1974). Springtails are part of the fauna studied in the malladas and provide increased knowledge of the existing biological diversity in a restored and protected environment.

A BSTR ACT. During the collecting of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) in Mazandaran province, Xenylla mediterranea da Gama, 1964 was reported for the first time from Iran. With the new record in this study, the number of Xynella species known from Iran increased to four. Information for specie including material examined, description, ecology, distribution, and illustrations are given.

Present study was done in forests of northern Iran during 2016 to investigate Entomobryomorpha (Collembola) fauna. Seven genera and nine species belonging to families Tomoceridae and Entomobryidae were found. The genus Pogonognathellus Paclt, 1944 and species P. flavescens (Tullberg, 1871) belonging to Tomoceridae family are recorded for the first time from Iran, also three new records from Entomobryidae of genus Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 are reported for Mazandaran province fauna.

Checklist of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) from "malladas" of the Devesa and Racó de l'Olla (Albufera Natural Park, Valencia, Spain) with a description of a sp. nov. In aquatic macroinvertebrate sampling campaigns carried out between 2004 and 2008 in the malladas (inter-dune depressions that receive rainwater or are fed from a local aquifer) of the Devesa and Racó de l'Olla of the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia (Spain), 18 taxa of Collembola were collected and distributed among seven families of Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona. Entomobrya benaventi sp. nov., is present in the vegetation associated with different samples "malladas" (Ra01b, Ra04, Sa04, Sa03/04, etc.) and showed sexual dimorphism different from other species of the genus. The sampling also included the first citation for the Iberian Peninsula of Jordanathrix articulata articulata (Ellis, 1974). Springtails are part of the fauna studied in the malladas and provide increased knowledge of the existing biological diversity in a restored and protected environment.

The taxonomic status of the subgenera of Lepidocyrtus Bourlet is confused. Currently ten subgenera are recognised but their separation, using the existing set of diagnostic characters, is not clear. Collections over the last forty years have shown that species of Setogaster Salmon, originally described as a genus (Trichogaster Handschin) and currently considered a subgenus of Lepidocyrtus, are common and widespread in Australia. The diagnostic characters of Setogaster, as given by Handschin, are: 1) the basal mucronal spine with spinelet; 2) lack of scales on antennae, legs, ventral tube and dorsal region of manubrium; and, for some species, 3) tufts of long filaments laterally on abdomen III. These three diagnostic characters for Setogaster are shared with some other subgenera, making their delimitation unclear. We provide here an array of new characters that are associated with Handschin's characters which separate Setogaster from all European species of the subgenera Lanocyrtus and Lepidocyrtus s. str. On this basis we define subgenus Setogaster more in detail, redescribe some species in the subgenus, corroborate the presence of the subgenus in many Australian localities, and confirm three records of exotic, introduced species in Australia. Lepidocyrtus nigrofasciatus Womersley, Lepidocyrtus praecisus Schött, and the Hawaiian Lepidocyrtus kuakea Christiansen & Bellinger, are placed in Setogaster subgenus; Lepidocyrtus (Trichogaster) pallida Salmon from Singapore is placed in the subgenus Acrocyrtus; Merapicyrtus Yoshii & Suhardjono is considered a synonym of Setogaster.

A BSTR ACT. During the collecting of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) in Mazandaran province, Xenylla mediterranea da Gama, 1964 was reported for the first time from Iran. With the new record in this study, the number of Xynella species known from Iran increased to four. Information for specie including material examined, description, ecology, distribution, and illustrations are given.

A BSTR ACT. During the collecting of Hypogastruridae (Collembola) in Mazandaran province, Xenylla mediterranea da Gama, 1964 was reported for the first time from Iran. With the new record in this study, the number of Xynella species known from Iran increased to four. Information for specie including material examined, description, ecology, distribution, and illustrations are given.

The use of dry land for the cultivation of Indigofera zollingeriana is an effort to develop forages in the dry season, especially on the land lacked of water. The study was aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 stress on I. zollingeriana seeds by evaluation of drought tolerance test from germination to nursery phase. The study was compiled based on a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments and three groups. The treatment groups were as follow: P1=water without PEG (control), P2= water+5% PEG (10 g/liter of water), P3=water+10% PEG (20 g/liter of water), P4=water+15% PEG (30 g/liter of water), and P5=water+20% PEG (40 g/liter of water). The parameters observed in this study were the root length, growth percentage, and leaf area index. Results showed that the seeds of I. zollingeriana were able to adapt to drought at the PEG concentration of 20%, despite the salt stress which affected the plant growth.

Penelitian dilakukan untuk menginventarisasi dan identifikasi serta melihat korelasi antara vegetasi dengan jenis Arthropoda tanah di kawasan Green Barrier PT Pusri. Luas kawasan Green Barrier PT. Pusri 28 hektar dan didominasi oleh 10 jenis vegetasi, yaitu Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Wild), Bambu (Bambusa Sp), Beringin (Ficus benyamina), Buah Roda (Hura crepitans L), Jati (Tectona grandis L), Kelampayan (Neolamarckia cadamba), Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L), Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King), Pulai (Alstonia scholaris), dan Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L). Arthropoda tanah dikoleksi menggunakan pit fall traps dan corong barlese-tullgren, di setiap tipe vegetasi, antara bulan Juli-Agustus 2015. Identifikasi arthropoda tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan analisis bahan organik tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 3 kelas, 10 ordo, 28 famili dan 35 genera dibawah 10 vegetasi. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah di berbagai tipe vegetasi tergolong sedang (H= 1-3), dan tidak ada jenis arthropoda tanah yang dominan, artinya berbagai jenis arthropoda tanah tersebar merata pada berbagai tipe vegetasi di kawasan Green Barrier PT. Pusri. Faktor abiotik intensitas cahaya sangat memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan komunitas arthropoda tanah di vegetasi Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L) dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 1,00.

The study of some specimens of Entomobrya handschini from different museums throughout Europe, along with additional material obtained in recent samplings has made a new description of the species possible, as well as providing data concerning its identity and presumably its real distribution. It seems that this species is present in an arc from Poland to Iran, to the southeast of the Black Sea. It is possible to define a particular feature of colouration present in the specimens throughout this area with some variations and they also maintain a dorsal macrochaetotaxy with a low variation range.

Insects are the most successful organisms because it can live in almost all types of habitats, namely water (freshwater and sea), land, air, and even in both hot and cold climates. Identification of soil insects in a certain type of habitat requires practical, easy, inexpensive, and efficient collection methods so as to obtain high abundance and diversity of soil insects. This study aims to analyze the diversity and abundance of soil insects using several trapping methods in Jeruk Manis Protected Forest in East Lombok. There are five trapping methods applied in this study; (i) pitfall trap, (ii) pitfall traps with bait, (iii) yellow pan traps, (iv) soil sampling, and (v) forest floor collection. The findings show that the overall diversity of soil insects in Jeruk Manis Protected Forest is moderate (1.44), while its evenness level is low (0.48). Soil sampling method provides diversity value of 2.36 and evenness level of 0.89, which is also the highest one among the other methods. Pitfall traps with bait give high individual number of soil insects (10.577 individuals). The highest number of soil insect orders is obtained through forest floor collection with 11 orders, while the highest number of soil insect families is obtained through pitfall trap with 30 families. The taxa of soil insects with relatively highest abundance consecutively are Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Collembola (Isotomidae, Entomobryidae), Coleoptera (Hydrophilidae, Ptiliidae, Scarabeidae), and Diptera (Drosophilidae).

A survey of soil arthropod fauna inhabiting Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) was carried out from July-September 2012, with a view to determine the diversity and distribution of soil arthropods of the area. Two study stations were identified at the area, namely; Station one (Plantation site) and Station two (Control site). One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven (1877) individual soil arthropods were recorded from both stations. These individuals were represented in 4 classes, 11 orders and 21 families which were collected and extracted using the pitfall trap method and the Berlese Tullgren Extractor Funnel. Data collected from the study stations were subjected to appropriate statistical analyses which included Simpson's index (Ds), the Shannon Wiener index (H'), the Shannon Diversity T-test and Evenness (E) to determine the diversity of the soil arthropod fauna. Station one (Plantation site), was the most diverse station (Ds=2.99) and (H'=1.84) while station two (Control site) having (Ds= 2.94) and (H'= 1.69) is the least diverse station which may be as a result of anthropogenic activities. The Order Hymenoptera and Family Formicidae (50.5%) and (38.7%) respectively were the dominant and abundant group in both stations with the Order Crustacea and Family Armadillidae (22.2%) and (1.63%) respectively were the least dominant and abundant in both stations. The soil arthropod fauna correlated positively with the soil organic carbon (r=0.16), soil moisture content (r= 0.26) and soil pH (r=0.60) while the soil temperature correlated negatively (r=-0.89) in both stations. This implies that soil arthropods increase with increasing soil moisture content and decreasing soil temperature. © JASEM 9 13

Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis burung pada Green Barrier PT. Pusri dan untuk menjelaskan fungsi vegetasi yang ada di Green Barrier tersebut bagi berbagai jenis burung. Pengambilan data dilakukan di area Green Barrier seluas 28 ha milik PT. Pusri selama Juli-Agustus 2015. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi langsung pada garis transek yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan daerah sumber air dan keterwakilan tipe vegetasi yang mewakili habitat potensial burung. Burung yang teramati kemudian diidentifikasi jenis dan dicatat aktivitasnya termasuk bersarang, makan, dan bertengger serta tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkannya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 17 jenis burung yang tergolong kedalam 13 famili. Jenis tumbuhan yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan oleh burung adalah Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). Tercatat sedikitnya 10 jenis burung yang memanfaatkan tumbuhan tersebut sebagai tempat bertengger, makan dan bersarang. Ketersediaan air dalam bentuk kolam ikan buatan pada lokasi kolam ikan 1 (transek 3) mampu memikat burung air seperti; blekok sawah (Ardeola spesiosa) dan trinil pantai (Tringa hypoleeucos) untuk datang mencari makan di Green Barrier PT. Pusri sehingga perlu dikelola untuk menjaga fungsinya sebagai habitat burung.

In order to extend the work on Iranian Collembolan fauna, several samplings from leaf litter and soils conducted in Ilam province (west of Iran). Specimens were collected from different localities and extracted by Berlese funnels. Results from the study lead to identification of 11 species of five families: Onychiuridae (with two genera and two species), Tullbergiidae (with one genus and one species), Hypogastruridae (with one genus and one species), Isotomidae (with four genera and four species) and Entomobryidae (with one genus and one species). Sminthurus muscicolus Betsch, 1977 from Sminthuridae was new for Iranian fauna. All species from the present study reported for the first time from Ilam province. Short explanation of each collected species including the material studied, a distribution and a short description for the new record and some illustrations are given.

This study aims to elucidate the Collembola fauna of the province of Ordu, which is situated between the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Although a large number of Collembolan specimens had been collected, only Entomobryomorpha species were given emphasis. From 44 different sampled localities of the province of Ordu, we recorded 6 families, 14 genera, and 28 species. Six of these species were previously recorded and 20 of them are new records for Turkey. The results were not surprising, considering that the sampled region had not been studied previously, quite like many habitats in Turkey. With our 20 new records (Entomobryomorpha), the grand total of the springtail fauna of Turkey is increased to 73 species. This represents an increase of almost 40% of the current list of known species. These numbers show us that the diversity of Collembola in Turkey is not thoroughly known and it is clear that numerous species remain undiscovered or undescribed.

Meanwhile, the number of Collembolan species in Asia, as well as in countries neighboring Iran, is not clear. There are no reliable checklists of species for most of these countries. The only checklist known for Collembola in Turkey also suggests that the fauna of Collembola in this country is poorly known (Sevgili and Özata, 2014; Özata et al., 2016). Ilam Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and borders Iraq. Although this city is surrounded by the Zagros Mountains, its climate is also affected by deserts in the west and south. This region presents a highly variable annual weather profile. Heavy showers or snow in the winter and dusty, brutally hot, dry weather in the summer are normal for this region (meteorological information for Ilam: http://www.irimo.ir). The different climatology and habitat diversity of Ilam Province compared to

This study aims to elucidate the Collembola fauna of the province of Ordu, which is situated between the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Although a large number of Collembolan specimens had been collected, only Entomobryomorpha species were given emphasis. From 44 different sampled localities of the province of Ordu, we recorded 6 families, 14 genera, and 28 species. Six of these species were previously recorded and 20 of them are new records for Turkey. The results were not surprising, considering that the sampled region had not been studied previously, quite like many habitats in Turkey. With our 20 new records (Entomobryomorpha), the grand total of the springtail fauna of Turkey is increased to 73 species. This represents an increase of almost 40% of the current list of known species. These numbers show us that the diversity of Collembola in Turkey is not thoroughly known and it is clear that numerous species remain undiscovered or undescribed.

The purpose of this study was to identify soil arthropods and calculate the index of diversity, richness, evenness, dominance and importance index in chili farming land, Sindumartani Village, Ngemplak, Sleman, DIY. The research was conducted by monitoring the research location, sampling and data analysis. The method used is to use a pitfall trap. Data collection was carried out at 3 locations by placing sampling plots at 4 pitfall traps 40 m longEach research location was named station 1, station 2 and station 3. Then the data were analyzed using the formula for diversity index, wealth, evenness, dominance and important value index. The results showed that the soil arthropods found were 8 orders, 11 families and 15 species. The calculation results obtained from the diversity index value (H`) at station 1 is 1.10986, at station 2 is 1.09405 and at station 3 is 1.17118. The value of the species richness index is obtained from data at station 1 which is 1.40877, at station 2 is 1.99049 and at station 3 is 1.79858. The value of the species evenness index obtained by data at station 1 is 0.48201, at station 2 is 0.45208 and at station 3 is 0.50864. The dominance index value obtained by data at station 1 is 0.51820, station 2 is 0.56397 and at station 3 is 0.50471.

To expand study of Iranian Collembola fauna, the present study was conducted to investigate springtails fauna of different ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and gardens in the vicinity of Behshahr in the east of Mazandaran province, during 2020−2021. Several samples of soil and leaf litter were collected and specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel. Collected materials were identified by relevant taxonomic keys. The results indicated 29 species from 21 genera belonging to 10 families. Two species including Sminthurides inaequalis Börner, 1903 (Sminthurididae) and Hypogastrura neglecta Börner, 1901 (Hypogastruridae) were recorded for the first time from Iran. Despite numerous studies to identify Collembola fauna in Iran, many species are still unknown.

Pulau Nasi adalah salah satu pulau dari beberapa pulau yang menjadi bagian dari gugusan kepulauan Pulo Aceh yang terletak di kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Collembola merupakan mesofauna yang berperan sebagai indikator air tanah. Collembola umumnya dikenal sebagai organisme yang hidup di tanah dan memiliki peran penting sebagai perombak bahan organik tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis Collembola di kawasan Deudap, Pulau Nasi, Kecamatan Pulo Aceh Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2017 dengan menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap pittfall trap . Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ditemukan Collembola nocturnal sebanyak 15 spesies dari 4 famili, dan Collembola diurnal sebanyak 16 spesies dari 5 famili

Entomobrya palmensis n. sp. is described from the Canary Islands (Macaronesian Region). The new species shares the colour pattern with E. multifasciata (Tullberg, 1871), but clearly differs in chaetotaxy. A list of species and locations of the collembolan fauna of the area is given.

Soil-dwelling Entomobryomorphan Collembola from the Northeast of Iran were sampled for the first time as part of a biodiversity surveying study with the aim of improving ecosystem conservation. Materials were obtained by sampling in three different ecosystems including forest, rangeland and agricultural fields between 2018 and 2019. The specimens were cleared using either Nesbitt's fluid or lactic acid and permanent microscopic slides were prepared using Hoyer's medium. As the result of this study, twenty-nine species belonging to twenty-two genera and five families of the order Entomobryomorpha were identified. Among them, two genera and eight species are recorded for the first time from Iran. The new records are

Three species of Pogonognathellus Paclt are described from eastern North America: P. belmontorum n. sp. from the southern Appalachians, Alabama and Florida, P. brevifulvus n. sp. from Massachusetts and Michigan, and P. magnibrunneus n. sp. from the southern Appalachians and New York. The first two species are members of the pale/grey clade and the third is a member of the longicornis clade. The setal complexes at the apices of the third and fourth antennal segments are described.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel In den ersten beiden Beiträgen der Beitragsserie Ökologische Raumgliederung Europas (Hornsmann et al. 2008; Weustermann et al. 2009) wurde die Methodik zur Ableitung der Raumgliederung für Europa (ELCE-die in diesem Beitrag verwendeten Abkürzungen sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengetragen) vorgestellt und einzelne Raumklassen beispielhaft beschrieben. In diesem dritten Artikel der Serie wird die in unterschiedlicher Gliederungstiefe vorliegende ELCE zwei Klassifikationen Europas gegenübergestellt: der Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER) sowie der Environmental Stratification of Europe (EnS). Ergänzend dazu wurde die ELCE mit der für Deutschland berechneten ökologischen Raumgliederung verglichen. Der Abgleich erfolgte sowohl fachlich als auch statistisch und diente der Überprüfung der fachlichen Konsistenz der ELCE. Material und Methoden Die Raumgliederungen werden hinsichtlich der Eingangsdaten, des Verfahrens und des Verwendungszwecks vorgestellt. Die ELCE wurde mit den drei ausgewählten Gliederungen im GIS verschnitten und anschließend

Tropical inselbergs are isolated rock outcrops with a special type of vegetation surrounded by rain forest. They are exposed to a harsh climate (alternation of heavy rain and severe drought) and provide few nutrients for plant growth. The aim of our study was to investigate a possible correlation between primary plant succession, size and diversity of soil arthropods. The study site was the Nouragues inselberg, in French Guiana (South America). Nine soil samples (three samples in each vegetation type) were taken for the study of soil arthropod communities and their food habits in three habitat types: Pitcairnia geyskesi (Bromeliaceae), Clusia minor (Clusiaceae) and Myrcia saxatilis (Myrtaceae), which represent three stages in a primary plant succession on this inselberg. Soil arthropods were classified into morphospecies under the dissecting microscope and their food habits were characterized by examining their gut contents under the light microscope. A variation in food habits was observed, cyanobacteria being found in arthropod guts only during the Pitcairnia stage, and were replaced by plant material at the Myrcia stage. Carnivory was prominent in oribatid mites, contrary to temperate records. All our samples contained large numbers of microarthropods, principally mites and collembolans. At the Myrcia stage arthropod density was significantly higher than at the two other stages. Macroinvertebrates are present only at late and intermediate successional stages. The number of macropredators increased by a factor of 10 in species richness and 100 in abundance along the succession. These results suggest that abundance and diversity of soil arthropods increased throughout the plant succession and show the importance of organic matter as a factor which can explain the observed phenomenon.

Checklist of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) from "malladas" of the Devesa and Racó de l'Olla (Albufera Natural Park, Valencia, Spain) with a description of a sp. nov. In aquatic macroinvertebrate sampling campaigns carried out between 2004 and 2008 in the malladas (inter-dune depressions that receive rainwater or are fed from a local aquifer) of the Devesa and Racó de l'Olla of the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia (Spain), 18 taxa of Collembola were collected and distributed among seven families of Poduromorpha, Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona. Entomobrya benaventi sp. nov., is present in the vegetation associated with different samples "malladas" (Ra01b, Ra04, Sa04, Sa03/04, etc.) and showed sexual dimorphism different from other species of the genus. The sampling also included the first citation for the Iberian Peninsula of Jordanathrix articulata articulata (Ellis, 1974). Springtails are part of the fauna studied in the malladas and provide increased knowledge of the existing biological diversity in a restored and protected environment.

The focus of this study was to extend investigations on Collembola fauna in parts of Hyrcanian forests-Hezarjirib forests, located near Neka in Mazandaran province. For this, irregular samplings from leaf litter and soil in different localities were done during 2020-2021. The springtail specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel and after permanent slide mounting identified by relevant taxonomic keys. It resulted in the identification of 25 species belonging to eight families and 19 genera. Three species including Hypogastrura papillata Gisin, 1949 (Hypogastruridae), Lepidocyrtus bicoloris Mateos, 2012 (Entomobryidae) and Folsomia trisetata Jordana & Ardanaz, 1981 (Isotomidae) were recorded for the first time from Iran. Brief information for each species including the material studied, distribution and some illustrations of the new records are given.

The effect of spent lubricating oil on the composition and abundance of soil arthropods in impacted sites compared with natural control sites was assessed in Benin City, Southern Nigeria. The Modified Berlese-Tullgren Funnel method was used for the extraction of soil arthropod fauna. The results showed that altogether, 476 specimens were collected and sorted into four arthropod groups, namely Acarina, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Myriapoda in successive order of abundance at both sites studied. Soil arthropod taxa and abundance were significantly lower (u (2) = 51, P<0.05) at the impacted sites where 10.92% (52) of the total number occurred compared to 89.08% (424) recorded in the natural control site. Significant differences were detected in pH and total hydrocarbon content (THC) between the impacted and control sites, the values of pH and THC were significantly higher (P<0.05) at the impacted site; inversely, the arthropod faunal abundance were lower at the impacted sites. Basically, Myriapoda were most sensitive while Acarina, Collembola and Hymenoptera showed trends of population fluctuation. In general, abundance and richness of species were negatively affected by habitat transformation caused by spent engine oil application. © JASEM

The influence of human activities on soil arthropods of vertisols was assessed in several plots characterized by different land uses in the southeastern part of Martinique (French West Indies). Abundance and diversity of soil invertebrate groups and collembolan species were measured in a 40-year-old secondary forest, a 15-year-old fallow, a 4-year-old fallow, a 4-year-old pasture, a 15-year-old pasture and a 20-year-old market-garden. Agricultural practices modified abundance and species distribution of soil arthropods, compared to forest. Arthropod richness (number of taxa present) decreased from forest to market-garden, according to a gradient of intensification of agricultural use (pesticides, tillage, weed control). In the old pasture, the arthropod diversity was lower in spite of a high carbon content. Species richness of Collembola decreased together with plant diversity and water availability.

A survey of soil arthropod fauna inhabiting Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) was carried out from July-September 2012, with a view to determine the diversity and distribution of soil arthropods of the area. Two study stations were identified at the area, namely; Station one (Plantation site) and Station two (Control site). One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven (1877) individual soil arthropods were recorded from both stations. These individuals were represented in 4 classes, 11 orders and 21 families which were collected and extracted using the pitfall trap method and the Berlese Tullgren Extractor Funnel. Data collected from the study stations were subjected to appropriate statistical analyses which included Simpson's index (Ds), the Shannon Wiener index (H'), the Shannon Diversity T-test and Evenness (E) to determine the diversity of the soil arthropod fauna. Station one (Plantation site), was the most diverse station (Ds=2.99) and (H'=1.84) while station two (Control site) having (Ds= 2.94) and (H'= 1.69) is the least diverse station which may be as a result of anthropogenic activities. The Order Hymenoptera and Family Formicidae (50.5%) and (38.7%) respectively were the dominant and abundant group in both stations with the Order Crustacea and Family Armadillidae (22.2%) and (1.63%) respectively were the least dominant and abundant in both stations. The soil arthropod fauna correlated positively with the soil organic carbon (r=0.16), soil moisture content (r= 0.26) and soil pH (r=0.60) while the soil temperature correlated negatively (r=-0.89) in both stations. This implies that soil arthropods increase with increasing soil moisture content and decreasing soil temperature. © JASEM 9 13

The abundance and diversity of arthropod in agro ecosystem depend on the level of synthetic pesticide contamination.  This study aimed to explore, identify and analyze the diversity and abundance of predatory arthropods in swamp rice fields treated with pesticide application (in Pemulutan) and without pesticide application (in Musi 2). The swamp rice fields in Pemulutan are bordered by village, river and forest. The methods were survey and direct observation on 3 ha and 2 ha of swamp rice fields in Pemulutan and Musi 2, Palembang. Sampling of predatory arthropods were conducted at 20, 50, 80 and 110 days after rice planting using pitfall trap.  Identification of  predatory arthropods  was conducted at Laboratory of Entomology showing that the arthropod collected consisted of 17 species of insects and 9 species of Arachnida. In Pemulutan Ogan Ilir were found 19 species (10 species of insect and 9 species of Arachnida) at the village area. In the area that was bordered by river were f...

Soil physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), % moisture, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic matter (TOM)), total extractable hydrocarbon content (THC), and micronutrient (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) levels of the Mgbede-20 oil-impacted site in Niger Delta, Nigeria, were investigated. Both oil-impacted and their background control soils were found to be acidic especially at surface depth. A slightly higher EC value of 107.4 AE 15.0 mS cm À 1 was obtained for the subsurface-polluted soils. Of the micronutrients investigated, only Fe exceeded its acceptable limit (> 100 mg/kg). The observed increase in moisture content resulting from the oils aggregation of soil particles may lower soil porosity, and increase resistance to penetration and hydrophobicity. Soil pH can be adjusted by aeration to complete the microbially mediated oxidation of the organic acids, followed by the addition of agricultural lime to provide some buffering capacity to the soil.