Sociology Of Deviance

. Venezuela is typical of many other Latin American countries in that it has a relatively low rate of data production in criminology and makes only rare appearances in international studies. Accordingly, the announcement of plans to undertake a second international self-report survey on juvenile delinquency provided a good opportunity to collect valid and reliable data on juvenile delinquency in a Latin American country, thereby adding an interesting and geographically distinct case to the ISRD-2 sample of countries. A survey instrument as comprehensive as that used in the ISRD-2 study allows the exploration of many different sets of variables relating to the possible causes of juvenile delinquency and responses to it. However, it is impossible to undertake a detailed analysis of all these variables in a preliminary report such as this. Accordingly, in this chapter we present and discuss the first results from the ISRD-2 survey in Venezuela, focusing on the prevalence of delinquent behaviors and some of its correlates. Rather than developing our analysis within the confines of a pre-selected theoretical framework, we proceed inductively by paying most attention to those variables showing the strongest associations with delinquent behavior. Many of those variables describe what we initially identify as disorderly environments, but on closer inspection the latter can be narrowed down to deviant peers. As we indicate in the conclusion to this chapter, deviant peer groups and deviant peers may have explanatory value for the study of individual delinquent behavior, and warrant further exploration. Our case study is prefaced with a description of Venezuela and the data collection procedures that were used. VENEZUELA Venezuela is a South American country of 27.5 million inhabitants ) that stretches from the Amazonian basin and Guiana Highlands in the south, across the Orinoco basin and the Andean or coastal mountain ranges to the Caribbean in the north. From the Sixteenth Century onwards it was colonized by the Spanish and attained its formal independence from Spain in 1830. Three racial groups met and mixed during and after that time: the indigenous tribes that had lived in the territory since long before Columbus arrived, the Caucasians who colonized it, and the Africans who were brought in as slaves up to the mid-Nineteenth Century. Racial categories have grown blurred over time and their social significance has been attenuated, although it has not disappeared: currently, two thirds of the population are considered to be mestizo (a mixture of indigenous and Caucasian blood) . The rural, agrarian-based, economy of the Nineteenth Century was rapidly transformed during the Twentieth Century with the discovery of oil. Venezuela is the ninth largest oil producer in the world, and the fifth largest exporter ; oil accounts for about 30% of the GDP, 50% of government income (CIA 2007) and 85% of the country's export earnings . Following an unprecedented period of prosperity in the 1960s and 1970s, the economy went into sharp decline in the 1980s, with rising levels of poverty and inequality. However, the resurgence of oil prices during the first years of the new millennium, coupled with more social spending by the government, has done something to reverse this situation , WIDER 2007). Currently, Venezuela's gross domestic product (GDP) is slightly Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν να μελετήσει σε βάθος την υποκουλτούρα των κρατουμένων στη σύγχρονη φυλακή και να καταγράψει τον άτυπο κώδικα που τη διέπει σήμερα, ώστε να ερευνήσει την ευστάθεια του ισχυρισμού πως η κοινωνία των κρατουμένων είναι μια κοινωνία που γεννά τη βία. Τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα είναι 1) Ποια η δομή της κοινωνίας των κρατουμένων στις ελληνικές φυλακές σήμερα; 2) Πώς αποδίδεται κάποιος χαρακτηρισμός-ρόλος σε κάθε κρατούμενο; 3) Ποια είναι η θέση του κάθε κοινωνικού τύπου κρατούμενου στην ιεραρχία; 4) Ποιες οι ισχύουσες διατάξεις του κώδικα των κρατουμένων; 5) Ποιες οι συνέπειες παραβίασης κάθε διάταξης χωριστά; Η απάντηση αυτών των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων από την παρούσα διατριβή συνδράμει στη μελέτη της επίδρασης του εγκλεισμού στη ζωή του ανθρώπου και αν τελικά οι στόχοι της στερητικής της ελευθερίας ποινής ικανοποιούνται και έως ποιο βαθμό.Η έρευνα είναι διεπιστημονική και άπτεται της επιστήμης της εγκληματολογίας, όπως και της κοινωνιολογίας. Η προσέγγισή της είναι πολυμεθοδολογική, με τον κύριο όγκο των δεδομένων να προκύπτει από 79 συνεντεύξεις κρατουμένων, που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε επτά καταστήματα κράτησης της χώρας. Η έρευνα αποτύπωσε τους παράγοντες ένταξης στην κοινωνία των κρατουμένων, όπως και τις κοινωνικές σχέσεις που αναπτύσσονται μεταξύ αυτών. Έτσι, καταγράφονται οι ομαδοποιήσεις που παρατηρούνται εντός της κοινωνίας των κρατουμένων, όπως και οι κοινωνικοί τύποι κρατουμένων. Επιπλέον αποτυπώθηκε ο κώδικας των κρατουμένων, ο τρόπος υιοθέτησής του από τους κρατούμενους. όπως και οι προβλεπόμενες ποινές σε ενδεχόμενο παραβίασης κάποιου κανόνα. Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα και στην περίπτωση φυλακής Ηθών, τα οποία διαφέρουν σημαντικά από τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν από την έρευνα σε ανδρικές κλειστές φυλακές.

These statements did not contain growing dismay with further revelations of police violence. At the conclusion of the same 2013 event, another gay man was publicly assaulted, hogtied, kicked and arrested by at least five police after a confusing conversation with an officer regarding whether or not he could walk home by crossing a pedestrian barrier. ii In the weeks that followed, hundreds of similar revelations about police hostility and aggression surfaced and then fuelled discussion on social media and at a series of public meetings and rallies. The ensuing political mobilisation included Sydney's openly gay local member in the NSW Parliament, the gay-friendly Lord Mayor, Greens politicians, and a broad range of LGBT community groups. Together, these pressured for disciplinary action against abusive officers and for change to police behaviour guidelines. However, the division and contradiction about how to understand this apparent lapse in police-community relations was soon evident. For many in the LGBT community, this police hostility and violence seemed like an unexplained aberration or throwback to past poor relations. This happened with a high level of shock for a younger generation. Most obviously, it was directly anathema to the imagery and messages about inclusion and protection and the long-term mobilisation against 'hate' violence carried out in close tandem with police. Openly

Acting on energy consumption related to urban mobility and housing means to know and to understand the organization of the daily lives of individuals, the space designed by mobility, their relation with equipment, their way of living in the dwelling. It is particularly necessary to identify, on a day-to-day basis, the reasons for changes in practices leading -largely indirectly and unintentionally-to greater or lower energy consumption (e.g. changes in the household composition, in supply of transport and services…). Recent researches on sociology of energy address energy consumption as a set of practices, whose investigation requires transverse and interdisciplinary approaches. Therefore, the energy demand is a social construction structured by norms and conventions and depending on habitus, cultural models and distinctive social practices that govern the everyday life. By shifting the focus to the energy behavior of individuals or groups, sociological, anthropological and geographical approaches carry out studies involving residential practices, lifestyle, energy consumption and mobility. This contribution presents the results of a qualitative survey (i.e. semi-structured interviews), carried out in 2013-2014 within 34 households in two towns of the Ile de France region. The aim was to understand better their practices of mobility and use of energy, to question the place of environmental issues (environmental awareness, "green" gestures, sustainable choices) in their speeches and actions and to identify resistances or adaptation dynamics in their lifestyles. Concerning the ability of households to act on and modify their uses of energy through their mobility or their domestic experiences, it is possible to observe that it is very low in the short term. This is, in part, the effect of habitus and standards. This is also the effect of a cognitive day-to-day economy. Once the households have found a way of doing that keeps them satisfied, they do not wish to question it at any time. But it is also the effect of how the available instrumentation and control modes are developed and installed in the dwelling. This makes it sometimes difficult to gradually change practices, forcing the households to abrupt and important modifications taking part during important biographical transitions and allowing consistently different organizations in lifestyles. In both practices patterns -mobility and energy uses-is it therefore possible to observe a short-term and strongly conservative approach, with a stable anchorage in lifestyles claimed by the households. In return, most of the changes take place on the occasion of breaking points: move to another dwelling, birth of a child, renovation, etc. This hiatus between two opposite temporal registers is accentuated by the devices within reach of households that do not allow them to change their practices gradually.

Les économies d'énergie sont devenues un enjeu socialement reconnu. Néanmoins, leur mise en oeuvre à l'échelle du logement peut s'avérer paradoxale. Nadine Roudil et Amélie Flamand montrent que le contrôle de la consommation d'énergie au domicile est mis en balance avec le confort, et suppose des savoir-faire inégalement partagés.

Female delinquency has long been treated as a secondary issue because male criminal behavior dominates crime statistics. Yet when examined through a feminist lens, female delinquency reveals important insights about gender inequality, social control, and resistance. The actions of delinquent girls are often less about aggression or greed and more about survival and autonomy in a male-dominated world. Gender, Social Control, and Opportunity Frances Heidensohn (1985) argued that girls are subjected to far more social control than boys, both inside the family and in society at large. This explains why female delinquency tends to appear in more private or less visible forms, such as running away or truancy, while boys are more likely to engage in public acts of theft or violence. When girls resist these restrictions, their behavior is often judged more harshly, not just as crime but as defiance of traditional femininity (Chesney-Lind, 1997).

Sumario: I. Introducción.— II. El interaccionismo simbólico: apreciaciones generales y recorrido de sus máximos exponentes.— III. Los jóvenes y la etiquetación social.— IV. El rol de las interacciones con figuras de autoridad.— V. Las subculturas juveniles y el interaccionismo simbólico: una comparación con la Escuela de Chicago.— VI. Criminología y literatura: una comparación con Charles Bukowski y Enrique Symns.— VII. Algunas conclusiones.

In 1982, a vinyl record titled Perfumes of the Revolution by the punk band Dragons, originally from Guangzhou, was released in France. Long considered as the first recording of a punk band from the People’s Republic of China, it is now accepted that the record was an invention of the French journalist Marc Boulet, working for the countercultural magazine Actuel. This article examines a case study ofmusical forgery, where a French journalist-pro- ducer fabricates a Chinese band by mobilizing French rock artists and two Hong Kong musicians he met in Paris. The Dragons album is not just a story of manipulation; it should be recontextualized within the framework of 1980s gonzo journalism, which offered an exotic vision of China and its inhabitants. By analyzing the album produced by Marc Boulet, his interviews at the time, as well as his books and press articles, this article aims to demonstrate how Boulet deceived the French music sphere and how this album is a pure product of the Orientalist imagination of its time.

Introducción…………………………………………………………………………… 4 Capítulo 1. Estado de la Cuestión y postura crítica ………………………………….. 12 Capítulo 2. Esbozo fenomenológico de la 'pendejada'………………………………. 22 1. La instrumentalidad de la 'pendejada': "Tener calle" para "saber hacerla" 2. La performatividad de la 'pendejada': El 'pendejo' y el 'lorna' 2.1. La negociación del capital simbólico de la imagen 3. El 'pendejo' y su relación con la ley 3.1. Un tema de confianza -Breve digresión explicativa: El imperio de la ley 3.2. Conciencia transgresiva 3.3. Presencia de la ley como autoridad negativa 4. Observaciones. Capítulo 3. Factores explicativos. Primera Parte……………………………………… 47 1. La tradicional 'criollada' y la moderna 'pendejada' 1.1. El juego de los malos 1.2. Una forma de mestizaje transgresivo y resistencia 1.3. Un estigma liberalizante 1.4. Reconocimiento por aculturación 2. Observaciones Capítulo 4. Factores explicativos. Segunda Parte………………………………………65 1. Fujimori no es un criollo 2. La afinidad "irreflexiva" con Fujimori o el enamoramiento con el 'pendejo' -Digresión. El debate presidencial 3. ¿Anomia social, la subversión del imperio de la ley o una lucha por el reconocimiento? -Digresión. Una lectura del fujishock y el autogolpe de 1992 4. El pragmatismo chicha y el modelo económico -Digresión. La interpretación auténtica y el paseo por las escaleras de la embajada 5. Observaciones. Capítulo 5. Consecuencias socioculturales y nuevas subjetividades………………… 117 1. Un nuevo modelo de autoridad 1.1. El 'pendejo' como autoridad autoritativa 1.2. El 'pendejo' como autoridad autoritaria 1.3. Análisis del "Manual del pendejo" 1.4. Observaciones 2. La desconfianza predominante 2.1. Esbozo de una tipología basada en la desconfianza Reflexiones finales…………………………………………………………………... 164

La garde physique partagée s'impose de plus en plus au Québec à titre de modèle en matière de garde parentale post-séparation. Elle correspond en effet aux normes et valeurs contemporaines de la famille démocratique et négociatrice et d'une coparentalité transcendant toute rupture conjugale. Mais lorsqu'on sait que la violence conjugale peut également survivre à une rupture conjugale, force est de reconsidérer le présupposé de la supériorité de la garde physique partagée qui s'est rapidement propagé dans les discours et représentations publiques. Cet article analyse le discours de mères victimes de violence qui ont découvert, bien malgré elles, que la garde partagée a plutôt ouvert la voie pour elles à une pérennisation de la violence et à leur revictimisation. 1. L'auteure tient à remercier France Dupuis, Florina Gaborean et Marie-Paule Maurice pour leur contribution à la rédaction de cet article. Elle tient aussi à remercier les évaluateurs et évaluatrices anonymes dont les commentaires ont permis d'améliorer l'articulation du texte.

This article presents a new theory of pluralized moral panics that can help researchers make sense of the uniquely inflected conflicts that arise in our highly fragmented and mediatized world. Section one expounds and critiques both the classic theory of moral panics developed by Stanley Cohen, and the polarized theory presented by Iwona Zielińska and Barbara Pasamonik. Section two expounds and revises Michael Freeden's morphological theory of ideologies to present a theory that is applicable to contemporary pluralized moral panics. Section three applies the new theory to the current transgender debate. This pluralized moral panic is shown to have five features that distinguish it from classic and polarized panics: (1) the fragmentation of disputant groups; (2) the proliferation of ideologies and interpretative bubbles; (3) continual reframing and counter-framing; (4) discontinuous moral panics; and (5) ambiguous responsibilities. These features are explored with reference to a range of disputants, including those within the New Christian Right, trans activist groups, Donald 2 Trump and the MAGA movement, gender critical feminists, and pro-trans feminists. The argument concludes in section four by summarizing the argument and its significance.

This study was exploratory and examined the characteristics of individuals engaged in computer criminal activity. It was predicted that individuals who had engaged in illicit computer activity would have higher rates of differential association, differential reinforcement, and moral disengagement than non-criminals. It was also hypothesized that the combination of differential association, differential reinforcement, and moral disengagement better predict criminal computer behavior than either variable alone. In Phase 1 of the study, a comparative analysis was conducted on demographic data from 132 computer and general criminals. In phases 2 and 3, 112 Internet participants, and 36 general criminals participants completed the Computer Crime Index & Social Learning Questionnaire and the Paulhus Deception Scale (Paulhus, 1998). The hypotheses regarding differential association, differential reinforcement, and moral disengagement were supported. However, contrary to the predictions, the reduced model consisting of moral disengagement and differential association better predict criminal computer behavior. Additional exploratory analyses and the implications for future research are also discussed.

This meta-analysis synthesises findings from 58 empirical studies conducted between 1970 and 2024 to investigate women's involvement in crime. The analysis reveals a modest but significant increase in female offending rates, especially in drug-related and property crimes, alongside persistent gender gaps in violent and white-collar offences. Trauma-particularly childhood abuse and domestic violence-emerges as a central factor influencing female criminal behaviour, often mediating pathways through substance abuse and socioeconomic instability. The feminisation of poverty and structural inequalities, including race and class, further shape women's offending patterns and experiences within the criminal justice system. Intersectional analysis highlights disproportionate criminalisation and harsher penalties for women of colour. Additionally, shifting gender roles contribute to diversification in the types of offences committed by women, including organised crime involvement. The findings underscore the inadequacy of traditional, male-centred criminological models and advocate for gender-responsive, trauma-informed, and intersectional approaches in research, policy, and practice. Recommendations include adopting rehabilitative interventions, addressing socioeconomic determinants, reforming criminal justice processes to reduce systemic biases, and expanding community-based alternatives to incarceration. This study contributes to advancing more equitable and effective strategies to understand and respond to female offending globally.

It is often maintained that factors such as the multifarious and exigent nature of the police profession, the diversity of police personnel, and the dissimilar socioeconomic and political settings which surround the sphere of policing, fragment the shared values, beliefs, and norms of police officers. As a result, the spatiality and saliency of such values (police culture), is doubted, if not denied. Such being the case, the article sets out to examine whether or not police culture, as documented to exist in Anglo-American police organisations, is reflected in two disparate settings, namely the Croatian and Cyprus Police. For attesting the foregoing, quantitative research was undertaken in these two settings. Upon analysing the responses of novice law enforcers (n = 185), it was found that the core constituents of police culture (isolation, suspicion, brotherhood, and cynicism), besides cynicismwhich was partially supportedmanifested in both police organisations.

Publikowane artykuły objęte są licencją CC BY 4.0. KRZYSZTOF T. KONECKI* Co dalej z badaniami jakościowymi? What's Next for Qualitative Research? Abstrakt Niniejszy artykuł omawia obecne wyzwania i przyszłość badań jakościowych w naukach społecznych (głównie w socjologii) w kontekście szybko rozwijających się koncepcji metodologicznych i technologii. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od analizy wpływu technologii, w tym sztucznej inteligencji, na badania jakościowe, a także związanych z nimi wyzwań prawnych i etycznych. Autor zwraca uwagę na przeciążenie doświadczane przez badaczy ze względu na potrzebę dostosowania się do nowych narzędzi i metodologii oraz podkreśla znaczenie refleksyjności i kontemplacji w badaniach. W artykule zaproponowano badania kontemplacyjne jako strategię pogłębiania zrozumienia procesów badawczych, obejmującą techniki takie jak wywiad kontemplacyjny, autoobserwacja, autoraportowanie i noty kontemplacyjne. Artykuł kończy się refleksją na temat potrzeby spowolnienia procesu badawczego w celu dokładniejszej analizy i refleksji nad tworzeniem wiedzy.

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In September, 2016 it was publicly revealed that Wells Fargo, one of the nation’s top banks, was involved in fraudulent business practices for years harming thousands of its clients. This article analyses the nature of and the reasoning behind these violations, the ways the executives related to them and how they are handled by the regulatory system. It reviews some of the challenges of actual and potential formal and informal attempts of forestalling or at least reducing future similar crimes. In this vein, a theoretical framework suggesting a possible way for better control of future similar victimization is explored.

The article is focused on the temporality of two rural administration employees in southwestern Siberia: the structural grounds of two local officials’ temporal practices (“hastening” and “waiting out”) in their connection with perceived uncertainty are under analysis. The author claims that amid the Russian centralized municipal governance system in the 2020s the rural bureaucrats find themselves in a position of double dependence. Their temporality is being oppressed by the superior governors’ temporality through the chronopolitics of urgent requirements and being interdependent through the chronopolitics of care / non-attention with the rural settlers’ temporality. In these conditions rural bureaucrats acquire the shared practical sense of time, making them permanently anticipate the future in the present. Meanwhile, the very explicit reference on inability to plan their time, often made by rural officials, is not only a bureaucratic tool to evade the local residents’ request legitimately, but supposedly it also lets rural officials unmask the corporative metaphor of “teamwork” and restore the real boundaries between “superiors” and “subordinates” during their conversations with colleagues, along with it enabling rural bureaucrats to perceive themselves as wise administrators.

Introduzione: L'Hikikomori, una grave forma di ritiro sociale volontario, è un fenomeno di crescente preoccupazione per la salute pubblica in Italia. Nonostante l'aumento dell'attenzione mediatica e clinica, la quantificazione della sua prevalenza e del suo andamento temporale è stata a lungo basata su stime aneddotiche. Questo articolo si propone di fornire una rassegna sistematica e una sintesi critica dei dati empirici più recenti per delineare un quadro basato sull'evidenza della dimensione e della progressione del fenomeno in Italia. Metodologia: È stata condotta una rassegna narrativa della letteratura scientifica e dei report istituzionali pubblicati tra il 2019 e il 2024. Sono stati analizzati e sintetizzati i risultati delle principali indagini quantitative condotte da istituti di ricerca nazionali: lo studio comparativo del CNR-IRPPS (2019-2022), l'indagine nazionale del CNR-IFC (2023) e il report dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS, 2024). I dati sono stati contestualizzati alla luce del profilo demografico e psicologico storicamente associato al fenomeno.

Social norms are the basic elements to the definition and the study of deviance i.e., the potentiality for deviance exists in every societal norm or rule. The knowledge and thought of how and when a behavior is to be interpreted as deviant or to be tolerated is constantly relative with time and place i.e. it is the society through its various institutions and groups' views that determine deviance.

Questa ricerca analizza il fenomeno della dipendenza da gioco d’azzardo in Italia, con un focus particolare sul ruolo dell’Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli (ADM, ex AAMS) nella regolamentazione e prevenzione dei comportamenti patologici. Attraverso un’indagine strutturata, lo studio esplora le principali misure adottate dall’ADM — come l’autoesclusione centralizzata, i limiti di deposito e il monitoraggio del comportamento — e ne valuta l’efficacia alla luce delle evidenze psicologiche e dei dati statistici recenti. Viene inoltre analizzato il divario tra i casinò autorizzati e quelli non-AAMS, evidenziando i rischi associati all’assenza di regolamentazione. Lo studio si conclude con raccomandazioni di policy e proposte per rafforzare la tutela dei giocatori, in particolare tra i giovani e i soggetti vulnerabili.

The quality of life does not depend on the parameter “income” and its value of human capital, but on the enhancement of the person in terms of human development as an essentialelement for an appropriate process of re-education-inclusive that highlights potential and talents within a lifelong learning, which conditions the existence and behavior of each personin society. The capability approach and the paradigm of Human Development connected to it, can therefore represent those principles that, broadening the horizons of strengthening interventions on the deviant subject, allow to give new life to the re-educational action of punishment sanctioned by our Constitution and subsequently by the prison system. Integrating the capacity with the re-educative-inclusive paradigm of punishment can allow the integral development of the faculties and internal capacities of each individual at the end of detention, leaving behind the causes of the past deviant, giving value in this sense to its un...

The recovery of the criminal, of its human capital involves the entire society, involved in a donation of time and resources for the recovery of the value of those who lost themselves in the deviant path. For this reason the contribution of those who knowingly, decides to contribute to the work of the rehabilitation must be valued and channeled in a project of formation and permanent motivation, associating the volunteer and the deviant subject in a path that responsibly and reciprocally bring both, in different roles, to create the conditions for inclusion in an educational relationship of absolute social value. It is precisely in this sense that the educational value of volunteering is expressed: in the reciprocity of the educational relationship between those who demonstrate the value of man purified by the pay principle and the prisoner who collects the value of what he donated. The burden that the volunteer assumes in this report, contributes to activating in the prisoner the p...

This is a reflection on bulimia and its relation to anorexia that traces different ways of knowing bulimia: from personal experience, from reading literature, from interviewing respondents and from writing a paper. It is written as both a former bulimic and as a researcher, drawing on autobiographical accounts as well as on interviews conducted with bulimic women. However, rather than 'stacking' the my respondents' and my own experiences to represent bulimia as a transcendental object, I reflect on the ways in which I seek to know and write bulimia during the research process. I use reflexivity, in particular embodied reflexivity, as a tool to situate bulimia. My 'findings' take the form of various encounters with different ways of articulating bulimic subjectivities: recognizing my own experience of wanting to be anorexic, being confronted with stigmata and embracing bulimia as something to be proud of or to share with one another. What emerges is a multidirectional story in which my respondents' accounts, autobiographical experience, interview interactions, the literature (as well as my experiences of reviewing it), and the process of writing this text are stitched together into a partial account of what it means to try to know bulimia as a former bulimic.

Der Fokus auf Figurationen der Wohnungsnot bietet eine Analyse der komplexen Interdependenzgeflechte, in denen sich Menschen ohne eigene Wohnung befinden. Mit ihnen werden gesellschaftliche Normalitätsvorstellung und Zuschreibungsprozesse als auch auf Subjekte mit (sub-)kulturellen Identitätskonstruktionen und eigensinnigen Praxisformen analysierbar. Figurationen ermöglichen und begrenzen Handeln, sie sind von Kontinuität und Wandel sowie von ungleichen Machtverhältnissen gekennzeichnet und führen zur Herausbildung von sozialen Praktiken, Sinnzusammenhängen und Strukturen.

Romani People in Italy offers an in-depth, updated, and detailed analysis of
the segregated condition of Romani people in Italy. The different shades of
segregation take the form of housing, educational, and social isolation.
While much of the existing literature focuses on individual case studies,
or on historical and documentary analysis, this book combines the two
approaches. In the first part of the text, the authors reconstruct a history
of the policies of exclusion and segregation aimed at Italian Romanies since
the Renaissance. In the second part, the authors draw on an ethnographic
work conducted in the cities of Turin and Padua to reconstruct the complex
migratory stratifcation of Italian Romanies and the divisions and conficts
within the diferent Romani populations.
Finally, this book contributes to the understanding of the reality of Romani
camps in terms of a space that produces not only habitus of isolation but
also positive forms of resistance to neoliberal logics of individualization. It
is suitable for courses in ethnic studies, minority studies, migration studies,
urban studies, and Romani studies.

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The social dynamics and structure of society are structured in such a way that difference and uniqueness dominates here in the true sense of the word. Sociality and uniqueness are generally purely intertwined concepts. These meanings, whether they are part of a large civilization or separate local societies, are almost directly related to human nature and are conditioned by the geographical environment. In the background of the individual's social world, the role of what he has achieved up to his current state is, of course, important. The mechanism of social development of society is based on mutual and friendly relations of individuals with each other, normal stable behaviors, correct upbringing methods, etc. For this, it is necessary to have a healthy social environment, choose the correct upbringing method and style, apply the customs and traditions that have been ingrained in the blood memory of society for thousands of years, and apply stable behaviors. However, there is also the concept of deviance, which is outdated in all of our sayings, and the basis of this concept is the behavior that stems from the sociopsychological world of the individual, the level of consciousness, the relationship with the surrounding world, and the development mechanism of the world around him. Deviance is called a chain of behaviors observed in human individuals, each link of which is disproportionate to the existence of the correct upbringing method mentioned above, the set of social behaviors that society is accustomed to, and new social systems that are adopted or imposed on society from the outside, and are considered abnormal or alien to them by custom, and is rebellious. Deviant behaviors have been observed in all human societies throughout history. Deviance, which is more characteristic of the lifestyle of young people, manifests itself in the social sphere in various forms such as alcoholism and drug addiction, family problems, criminality, immorality, depression, suicide and other cases that we have not listed. The study of deviance is of great relevance in terms of studying the social environment of both Iran and Azerbaijan and taking preventive measures to solve the problem.

This article aims to clarify some concepts that essentially reflect the way in which people express their gender and construct their identity, whether in relation to sexuality or simply because it is the way in which they conceive themselves as individuals and are perceived by others. We will focus on discursive figures that sometimes do not have an exact correspondence with the way, in which people express themselves, however, like all concepts, they are intended to be filled with some dose of arbitrariness and themselves are very much contested by those who feel, in one way or another, categorized by it. We will then take a deep look on concepts such as crossdresser, transvestite, travesti, hermaphroidite and others among this spectrum of concepts. With this exercise, we intend to highlight the unique identity essence of being a transvestite and Brazilian.

This dissertation examines the American tattoo renaissance from the late 1960s through the 1980s, an era in which a subcultural movement worked to elevate body ink from its stigmatized status in American culture to an appreciated and mainstream position as a fine art. I explore this period as a cultural tipping point in body ink's American history that was (and is) presented as a white liberal movement that redefined the practice to suit the middle-class palate. Tattoos became commodified as popular fashion items that symbolized the wearer’s individuality, bodily autonomy, and open-mindedness. Upon deeper investigation, however, I show that this ‘official’ and dominative narrative exists and persists through the erasure of marginalized individuals and social groups from the practice’s cultural production and hegemonic memory.

Dans un pays où le football est profondément enraciné dans la culture, la reconnaissance internationale d'une joueuse pour ses performances exceptionnelles constitue un moment de grande fierté. Les distinctions obtenues par Marta représentent ainsi une avancée significative dans la lutte continue pour sensibiliser aux inégalités et promouvoir l'inclusion sociale au Brésil.

H eutzutage scheint d er Begriff »Ästhetik« zu viele B edeutungen zu haben: heutzutage versieht die Ästhetik A rgum entationen, die sich gar n ich t m eh r au f das fast-unbegrenzte W ort »Kunst« beziehen, sondern die w egen ih re r Bestre b u n g zur Vollständigkeit fast-tautologisch zu sein scheinen (m an d en k e n u r an die postm odem istischen A usführungen ü b er die »Ästhetisierung«). Die Ästhetik scheint au f alles h in d eu ten zu k ö n n en u n d an ein Ü berm aß an R echtm äßig keit zu leiden. Selten wird ein Versuch gem acht, je n e historischen B eg rü n d u n gen herauszufm den, die die Ä sthetik a u f so wirkungsvoller Weise -vielleicht sogar zu wirkungsvoll -m itlegitim iert haben. W enn d iese h eu tig e S itu atio n u n b e frie d ig e n d ist, w äre es v ielleich t an g e b rac h t, a u f je n e n A ugenblick zurückzugreifen, d e r die erste G eleg en h e it fü r diese D isziplin d arg estellt hat. Das M o m en t d e r G rü n d u n g d e r Äs th etik in d e n A b sich ten d e r Schulphilosophie besitzt in d e r T at n ic h t n u r d e n Reiz eines A nfangs (d e r n o c h offen fü r A usführungsw eisen ist, die sich von d em tatsächlich b efo lgten Weg u n te rs c h e id e n ), so n d ern au ch d e n zw eideu tigen Reiz ein es Projekts, das m öglicherw eise jen seits o d e r sogar geg en sei n e u rs p rü n g lic h e n A bsichten au sg e fü h rt w o rd en ist. M an will also d a m it folgendes sagen: an g e n o m m e n , daß sich die A ufklärung j e ein e Ä sthetik wie die gegenw ärtige gew ünscht h ab e (die sich m ittlerw eile w egen d e re n totalisie ren d e n B estreb u n g en in V e rleg en h eit ist), so h a t sie sie a b e r u n te r ei n e r b estim m ten B ed ingung verlangt. N ach d en W orten B aum gartens, h eiß t es also: die Ä sthetik b leib t vorw iegend »die W issenschaft d e r sin n lic h e n Er kenntnis«; sie ist ein m eth o d isch es M ittel, eine notw en d ig e E rg ä n zu n g d e r Logik. Z u d em w ird d e r oft d a ru n te r (n ic h t u n b e d in g t im k ü n stlerisch e n S in n ) v e rs ta n d e n e B egriff d e r S c h ö n h e it n ic h t von u n s e r e n -w e d e r ir rationellen, n o ch ausgleichenden, n o ch kritischen -Interessen g ed a ch t o d er g esteu ert. 1. Wohin gehört die Philosophie der K unst ? N ach la n g e n u n d m ü h se lig e n V o ra rb e ite n v e rö ffe n tlic h t d e r R est F e n n e r V erlag im ja h r e 1845 in L o n d o n die Encyclopaedia Metropolitana. Die

Det vi har å legge frem her idag, er ikke egne forskningsresultater, men snarere en rapport om et parsing-prosjekt for norsk som vi er i ferd med å sette i gang i Bergen, og en presentasjon av hovedtrekkene i det språkanalysesystemet prosjektet anvender. «Vi» i denne sammenheng er NAVFs EDB-senter for humanistisk forskning ved Knut Hofland, og Institutt for fonetikk og lingvistikk ved Helge Dyvik. Vi regner også med å kunne knytte flere personer til dette prosjektet i tiden som kommer. Grunnlaget for parsing-prosjektet er det utviklingsarbeid som ble utført ved NAVFs EDB-senter av Per-Kristian Halvorsen, som hadde et forskerstipendium der frem til august 1983. Halvorsen implemen terte et universelt språkanalysesystem som er utviklet i samarbeid mellom forskere ved MIT og Xerox Pare i California -bl.a. Halvorsen selv -og begynte arbeidet med å bygge opp en norsk parser innenfor rammen av dette systemet. Halvorsen er nettopp begynt i en ny stilling hos Xerox i California, og kunne derfor ikke selv vaere til stede her for å presentere sitt arbeid. Det norsk-fragmentet som hittil er bygget opp, er meget begrenset. Det omfatter enkle aktive deklarative setninger som kan inneholde infinitivkomplementer kontrollert av subjekt eller objekt (f.eks. «Per lovet Kari å komme»), og et rudimentaert leksikon. I det videre arbeidet vil vi i første omgang konsentrere oss om verbalsystemet, naermere bestemt systemet av perifrastiske konstruksjoner og de modale og aspektuelle kategoriene de uttrykker, om utvidelse av leksikon, og dernest om langdistanseavhengigheter av den typen vi finner i /iv-spørsmål, relativsetninger og topikaliserte konstruksjoner. Siktemålet er å øke parserens dekningsgrad til å omfatte sentrale konstruksjonstyper og et større ordforråd, og etter hvert å aktivisere noen av fakultetets språkmiljøer i dette arbeidet. Analysesystemet burde ligge godt til rette for dette, som vi skal se. Vi håper også å kunne knytte arbeidet sammen med noe av den mer anvendelses-orienterte forskningen som skjer ved andre institutter ved Universitetet i Bergen. Det språkanalysesystemet som benyttes, kan karakteriseres som «lingvistvennlig». Det er utviklet under ledelse av Joan Bresnan ved MIT og Ronald M. Kaplan ved Xerox Pare. Den interne representasjonen av grammatikken er en nettverk-struktur, og parseralgoritmen bygger på Kaplans «General Syntactic Processor». Men systemet inneholder også en gramatikktolker som fritar brukeren fra å formulere sin grammatiske beskrivelse som transisjons-nettverk. Grammatiske beskrivelser kan skrives direkte inn i form av regler innenfor grammatikkmodellen «leksikalsk-funksjonell grammatikk» (LFG), og grammatikktolkeren oversetter så beskrivelsen til den mer maskin-motiverte nettverk-strukturen som parser algoritmen refererer til. LFG er en lingvistisk motivert modell med formelle egenskaper som stort sett er kjent fra moderne lingvistisk tradisjon. Dette legger forholdene til rette for at språkforskere uten spesiell interesse for parsingteori kan knyttes til datalingvistiske prosjekter. LFG er en transformasjonsfri grammatikk-modell. Modellen skiller dermed ikke mellom dypstruktur og overflatestruktur i konstituent-analysen. Fenomener som EQUI, eller PRO-kontroll i nyere versjoner av Chomskyansk syntaks -f.eks, identifikasjonen av subjektet i «Per lovet Kari å synge» som det underforståtte subjekt for infinitiven -beskrives i leksikon som en opplysning om kontrollegenskapene ved det overordnede verbet. (PRO-analysen i EST opererer riktignok heller ikke med noen transforma sjon; men den antar et tomt PRO som det syntaktiske subjekt for infinitiven, noe LFG-analysen unngår.) På tilsvarende måte behandles passiv i leksikon som en redundansregel, som i praksis innebaerer at aktiv og passiv form av samme verb blir to ulike leksikalske oppslag med identisk semantisk form, men med ulike valg av nominale ledd som argumenter. Langdistanse-avhengigheter som de vi finner i //v-spørsmål.

The rise of social media platforms has profoundly transformed communication in South Asia, especially in Bangladesh. While enabling democratic participation, these platforms have simultaneously become tools for orchestrating mob violence and extrajudicial trials. This research critically explores how social media has facilitated digital vigilantism, often leading to brutal acts of mob justice. Using a mixed-methods approach, including case study analysis, media monitoring, and interviews, the study demonstrates the link between online misinformation and offline violence. The findings highlight the urgent need for regulatory mechanisms and digital literacy programs to prevent the misuse of these platforms. The paper concludes with policy-oriented recommendations to counteract the growing threat of online-fueled mob violence in the region.

This pilot study looked into who is perceived as the 'typical offender' by the public based on the characteristics of gender, race and age for murder, rape, child sexual offences, robbery, fraud and phishing. The field research was conducted in Birmingham and the questionnaire sample consisted of 156 participants (53.8% male and 46.2% female). The findings suggested that the perceived typical perpetrator for all crimes is male, white (except for robbery) and aged between 25 and 34 years old (except child sex offenders and fraudsters who would be older). While most of the public's perceptions of perpetrators were consistent with the existing literature and official statistics, indicating that the public have become more educated about crime, disparities also suggest media and other sources of information also play a role in creating their ideas.

When it comes to diagnosing and cosmetically modifying faces deemed to be 'wrong', the clinician is now only one component in the web of medical consumerism in which self-surveillance plays a major part, and in which the sociocultural conditions of possibility for corporeal transformation profoundly affect not only those who do take part, but also those who have access to, but do not avail themselves of the cosmetic services that are on offer.

Dans cet article, je montre en quoi la psychopathologie des troubles du comportement alimentaire, et de l’anorexie mentale en particulier, correspond à un renversement de chacun des critères par lesquels le travail est classiquement défini. L’anorexie mentale est un non-travail – même et surtout s’il y a tous les marqueurs de la réussite académique –, non-travail psychique et non-travail du soi, puis, finalement, travail aliéné, c’est-à-dire impuissant à produire des objets.

Article paru dans le numéro d'avril 2025 de la revue Gestions hospitalières, à titre de contribution de la Chaire de philosophie à l'hôpital.

Introduction: Gender disparities in crime continue to pose significant challenges to the development of effective crime prevention strategies and justice systems in Jamaica. Globally, men are statistically more likely to commit violent crimes, particularly homicide, while women are often overrepresented as victims of domestic and sexual violence. At the end of November 2024, murders in Jamaica decreased significantly by 19.2% compared to 2023, with the total number of murders declining from 930 to 783. Other major crimes, such as rape, also saw substantial reductions, with a 38% decrease in reports during the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Shootings and robberies dropped by 4% and 17%, respectively, while arrests and charges for major crimes increased by 9%.

Marital infidelity also known as extra marital affairs is one of the commonly pronounced problem in marriage, it also include extra marital relationship, cheating and sexual intercourse. Moderating variables like family type, age, employability status and religion were considered as factors responsible for marital infidelity as perceived by women. This study investigated factors responsible for marital infidelity among Ipata market women in Ilorin south local government area, Kwara State. The descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. A total of 230 women were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. An instrument titled ‘Factors Responsible for Marital Infidelity Questionnaire (FRMQ) was used to obtain data from the respondents. The data generated was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage for the demographic data while Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the three postulated hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The finding revealed th...

L’article étudie la « dématérialisation » administrative par le prisme de la tâche d’aide à la réalisation des démarches en ligne. Il s’intéresse, dans le contexte de la désinstitutionalisation psychiatrique, à l’intervention sociale auprès de personnes atteintes de troubles psychiques stabilisés. Mobilisant une ethnographie originale réalisée dans une structure de logement accompagné (200 pages d’observations, dix-huit heures d’entretiens avec les quatre professionnels de la résidence et des échanges informels avec quinze résidents), l’analyse montre que la tâche d’aide aux démarches en ligne n’est pas uniquement constituée comme un « sale boulot » dont les intervenants cherchent à se défaire, mais aussi comme un appui possible pour faire le « vrai boulot ». Ce faisant l’article éclaire sous un jour nouveau la manière dont la numérisation administrative constitue une épreuve de professionnalité pour les travailleurs sociaux.

Ce texte présente une enquête ethnographique sur la « précarité énergétique » conduite depuis 2007 à Marseille, auprès de populations parmi les plus touchées par le phénomène. Il aborde rapidement les modalités d'émergence de cette catégorie de l'action publique en France au cours de la dernière décennie, la manière dont les acteurs sociaux dits « de première ligne » s'en sont saisis et les réalités empiriques que recouvre la notion du point de vue des habitants concernés. La précarité énergétique peut être analysée comme une nouvelle manière de désigner des phénomènes anciens, relatifs à la pauvreté et au mal logement, voire comme une euphémisation de ces derniers. Elle témoigne cependant aussi d'une opportunité pour penser ensemble des questions relatives aux inégalités sociales et environnementales, longtemps abordées par les sciences sociales et les pouvoirs publics de manière séparée.

The synergistic effect of factors such as inclusion, advances in science, medicine and technology are contributing significantly to the increasing number of pupils with life-limiting and life-threatening illnesses in primary and secondary schools. The 2020 UK population study estimates a further increase in this group of pupils in the future. Educating pupils with life-limiting or life-threatening illnesses brings with it certain specificities and challenges. The most feared challenge is the death of such a pupil during the school year. Many teachers have first-hand experience with the dying as well as the death of a pupil due to a serious illness. Research reveals the societal expectations of a teacher working with a pupil with a serious health condition, which include the ability to provide for their psychosocial, educational, and medical needs and to fulfil a coordinating role. Finally, in the event of a pupil's death, the teacher is attributed with a counselling role, providing support not only to other pupils, colleagues, but also to the family of the pupil after dead. These expectations are, however, beyond the competence of the Czech teacher. Current studies reflect the lack of preparedness of teachers to face and respond appropriately to situations -such as the death of a pupil at school. The explanation is quite simple. Neither undergraduate nor professional teacher training focuses on working with dying pupils. In practice, schools often lack the tools that would make the whole process of educating a pupil with a serious illness -and, in the case of a pupil's death, the grieving process -easier for all school stakeholders. This paper responds to the fact with a threefold intention. It begins by presenting a brief overview of the theoretical knowledge on the topic of inclusive education of a dying pupil with a life-limiting or life-threatening illness, including the challenges that teachers may face. It also presents suggestions for preventive and intervention strategies when working with a classroom team that educates such a pupil and offers specific recommendations for supporting school staff to protect their mental wellbeing. The text also presents procedures and methods for working with the class in the event of the death of their seriously ill classmate and ways to support students and teachers in the grieving process. For the integrity of the topic, the paper is supplemented with theoretical insights from the field of working with the concept of death in school and children's understanding of death.