SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

Based on the statistical evaluation of accidents, the construction industry on an overall basis is full of dangers and risk oriented. The natures of the activities involved become hazardous when compliance with the safety rules and regulations are not properly followed, as a result high rates of accidents occur on the construction sites. In the metropolitan city of Karachi, Pakistan, a poor safety record has been observed in the construction industry. The primary reason existing for this situation is a non-preventive construction safety practice during execution of the projects. The secondary causes are dependent on the lack of resources, skills and interest of the concerned public sector agencies in enforcing the safety protocol regulations for the construction sites. In-addition, this situation also arises due to the lack of training in construction practices, child labor and a minimum awareness about the safety rules and regulations concerned with working on the construction site...

Building Information Modeling is a modern technique that has contributed in improvement of construction industries. Early detection of hazards during the life cycle of the project will contribute to protect the working environment from exposure to risks that will affect the time and cost. The changing nature of the sites makes it difficult in identifying the fall risks accurately. Based on BIM 4D simulation, the objective of this study is to create a computer model by using BIM technology to help accurately determine (a) the hazards of falling from the edges (b) the hazards from struck by falling objects, by relying on the opinions of safety experts in identifying potential risks and demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique in facilitating hazards acknowledgment. In this research, Iraqi safety rules and safety rules of OSHA were adopted. The research idea was applied to a school building project under construction as a case study to benefit from the research outputs in improving the safety of school's buildings projects. The results displayed that the model prepared by the researchers helped the safety managers in understanding the details and sequence of work easily, thus contributed to the precise identification of the falling hazards, use suitable safety equipment for each risk, in addition to the possibility of using this model as a training program for workers in the workplace to help give an idea of the nature of risk which they may be exposed it, increase safety communication and generate time schedule empty from risks. Safety managers believe that this model can contribute to improve workplaces safety and prevent time and cost losses due to reliance on inaccurate methods based on static 2D schemes and sense in risk identification.

This study investigates the water permeability and mechanical strength of pervious concrete samples produced with 12.7 mm aggregates. Two different specimens were prepared and cured for 28 days. Key parameters such as aggregate quantity, cement content, void ratio, and water infiltration rate were analyzed in accordance with ACI 522R-10 and ASTM C1701 standards. Results revealed that a balance between strength and permeability is essential for the intended application of pervious concrete.

Building projects have the greatest challenges because time, money, and quality are prone to change and have financial implications. Because of this extreme unpredictability, conventional construction contracts mandate that contractors get insurance and indemnity for all project-related works and personnel. Despite a growing understanding that insurance should be the primary tool for risk management, few contractors in Nigeria have utilized it. The study's objective was to evaluate the drivers that influence construction companies to adopt health and safety insurance. The respondents for the survey include Architects, Builders, Engineers, Quantity Surveyors, and Health and Safety Officers within the targeted construction firms in Abuja were surveyed using a questionnaire as part of a quantitative research approach with the adoption of convenience sampling. Retrieved data were analyzed using mean item score and standard deviation. The study discovered that construction firms regularly implement insurance policies based on drivers like project and contractor size; type of project; and unique project complexities among others. Conclusively, health and safety insurance is a helpful tool for risk management in building projects, and project characteristics have a significant impact on contractors' decisions to use insurance, the adoption of this policy is crucial without any reservation since worker's safety is more important than building projects, the adoption of the policy should be without any reservation, as this will limit hazards and allow due compensation for injuries or accidents on construction site. This study recommended that construction firms and legal authorities should devise a strategic approach to implementing the practice without paying attention to the drivers

Urbanization is playing a key role in big cities of developing countries, which, in effect, is increasing the population. This study takes care of the mega infrastructure project (Orange Line Metro Train (OLMT)) to explore and identify the H&S (Health and Safety) factors that affect the local residents and the main key stakeholders working on the project. A Sequential Mixed-Method approach of the OLMT-project includes qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. The data have been collected from the targeted population working on the OLMT-project through a questionnaire. The main key finding of the study indicates that poor planning and a lack of communication between the public and government led to frustration. The most significant factors that identified in the study were unsafe to work practice, project scope constraints, lack in technical and material support, unsafe/bad condition, health/environment degradation, declination and loss of resources and time, no proper emerg...

Construction is an inherently less safe sector than other sectors because it exposes workers to harsh and dangerous working environments. The nature of the construction industry results in a comparatively high incidence of serious injuries and death caused by falls from a height, musculoskeletal disorders and being struck by objects. This paper presents a new concept that can tackle this problem in the future. The central hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to eliminate injuries if we move the human construction worker off-site and remotely link his/her motions to a Robotic Construction Worker (RCW) on-site. As a first steppingstone towards this ultimate goal, two systems essential for the RCW were developed in this study. First, a novel system that combines 3D body and hand position tracking was developed to capture the movements of human construction worker. This combination of tracking enables the capture of changes in the orientations and articulations of the entire human body. Second, a real-time simulation system that connects a human construction worker off-site to a virtual RCW was developed to demonstrate the proposed concept in a variety of construction scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the future viability of the RCW concept and indicate the

Construction is an inherently less safe sector than other sectors because it exposes workers to harsh and dangerous working environments. The nature of the construction industry results in a comparatively high incidence of serious injuries and death caused by falls from a height, musculoskeletal disorders and being struck by objects. This paper presents a new concept that can tackle this problem in the future. The central hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to eliminate injuries if we move the human construction worker off-site and remotely link his/her motions to a Robotic Construction Worker (RCW) on-site. As a first steppingstone towards this ultimate goal, two systems essential for the RCW were developed in this study. First, a novel system that combines 3D body and hand position tracking was developed to capture the movements of human construction worker. This combination of tracking enables the capture of changes in the orientations and articulations of the entire human body. Second, a real-time simulation system that connects a human construction worker off-site to a virtual RCW was developed to demonstrate the proposed concept in a variety of construction scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the future viability of the RCW concept and indicate the

Effective safety training plays an important part in safety management on construction sites. Construction workers safety and safety training education remain to be the main issues in the construction industry, as current practices rely on traditional methods. These methods often lack classroom interaction, hindering active worker engagement and fail to accommodate diverse learning paces and styles. To enhance safety awareness among workers, there is a need for a more effective system for safety training programs within the construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively analyse an experimental intervention using flipped learning to reduce costs and enhance learning outcomes in construction safety training. Flipped learning transforms traditional classroom learning by introducing students to web-based videos, presentations, and readings before class, freeing up in-class time for discussions and problem-solving. An intervention study was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of flipped learning approach within the construction industry. In this study, 40 personnel from a leading construction firm in Pakistan underwent safety training, with 20 following the traditional method and the remaining 20 following the proposed flipped model. The final quiz revealed a score increase from 27.9 to 31.5 in flipped learning, indicating a 12.90% increase. Based on these findings, it is suggested that adopting the flipped learning approach leads to better learning outcomes within the construction industry, as workers can pause, rewind, and replay the lectures at their leisure. This not only makes safety training more accessible but also enhances on-site safety in a cost-effective manner.

Safety inspection on construction site is an important method to prevent hazards around the site and unsafe behaviors of the workers. The traditional safety inspection system has several drawbacks. This paper developed an innovated safety inspection system on construction site based on mobile phone application. The new safety inspection system can greatly reduce the demand of experienced safety inspectors on construction site and integrate the safety inspection work of multi-projects at the company level, which increase the value of labor power of experienced safety manager. The composite incremental cost of the safety inspection system can be negative, considering both the instrument and human cost. Meanwhile, the new safety inspection system can reserve the detail of safety inspection for the safety management department of construction companies to make targeted management decisions.

Safety inspection on construction site is an important method to prevent hazards around the site and unsafe behaviors of the workers. The traditional safety inspection system has several drawbacks. This paper developed an innovated safety inspection system on construction site based on mobile phone application. The new safety inspection system can greatly reduce the demand of experienced safety inspectors on construction site and integrate the safety inspection work of multi-projects at the company level, which increase the value of labor power of experienced safety manager. The composite incremental cost of the safety inspection system can be negative, considering both the instrument and human cost. Meanwhile, the new safety inspection system can reserve the detail of safety inspection for the safety management department of construction companies to make targeted management decisions.

Safety management is one of the safety frameworks that can be applied in construction industry to mitigate the occurrence of accidents and reducing the fatality rate among construction workers. However, data in 2020 shows that there were 206 cases of reported accidents in the construction industry in Malaysia, from January to December 2020. The increasing number of accidents in infrastructure projects involving construction workers has been around for a long time even though the safety management system had been implemented. Thus, the objective of this research is to determine the hindrance factors in safety management practices in the construction of infrastructure projects. A total of 205 questionnaire surveys were distributed to the safety officers who work at G7 contractor specialise in infrastructure projects in Kuala Lumpur area using a snow-balling data collection method. The result revealed that the tight project schedule, poor participation in the safety management practices and poor safety culture are the significant factors that hinders the safety management practices. While lack of motivation among workers is the least important factor that hinder the safety management practices. Thus it is hoped that by tackling and solving these issues may improve the safety management practices, and indirectly reducing the number of accidents and fatalities on the construction site.

Steel structures construction continues to be one of the most hazard prone jobs in the construction industry. Safety in construction is a result of a combination of several factors such as the implemented construction technology, worker’s training standard, site working conditions, and the design of the project. Even with the strict application of international safety and hazard prevention codes and standards the fatalities in the steel construction site activity as a result of falls for an example is double that compared to other site works. This fact demonstrates the need to improve the safety procedures and implementations in steel construction sites. Based on these facts hazards identification and precautions are essential ingredients of any construction site safety management system. The objective of this paper, which is a first stage of a Ph.D. project, is to review past research that is aimed at addressing some of the safety problems during construction, and identify how to a...

Steel structures construction continues to be one of the most hazard prone jobs in the construction industry. Safety in construction is a result of a combination of several factors such as the implemented construction technology, worker’s training standard, site working conditions, and the design of the project. Even with the strict application of international safety and hazard prevention codes and standards the fatalities in the steel construction site activity, as a result of falls for an example, is double that compared to other site works. This fact demonstrates the need to improve the safety procedures and implementations in steel construction sites. Based on these facts hazards identification and precautions are essential ingredients of any construction site safety management system. The objective of this paper, which is a first stage of a Ph.D. project, is to review past research that is aimed at addressing some of the safety problems during construction, and identify how to...

The construction industry is one of the deadliest industries in the United States and Korea. The number of accidents at a construction site has been recently increasing despite institutional supports and managerial efforts. A proactive prediction of safety accidents is the best way to prevent them, but a dynamic change in particular conditions of a construction project makes the prediction very tricky and complicated. Moreover, preventive work for any safety accident at a construction site mainly depends on the intuitive and subjective opinions of practitioners with limited experience. The stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) approach may be an attractive alternative to conventional methods for predicting safety accidents because of its superior predictive performance. Therefore, SGB is applied to an early prediction of safety accidents at a construction site in order to examine its applicability to the construction safety domain. The prediction result of the proposed model is compare...

Pervasive unsafe behaviors of construction workers are the primary cause of accidents on construction job sites. The workers' safety-related behaviors are subject to a variety of factors, such as interactions with coworkers and interventions by management teams. The impacts of these factors have attracted considerable attention in academia but are yet to be fully examined. To provide a quantitative assessment of these impacts and their managerial implications in practice, an agent-based modeling approach of construction safety-related behaviors, which adopts a bottom-up architecture, is proposed in this research. This approach regards safety performance as an emergent property of the behaviors and interactions of construction workers and management teams. The development of the agent-based model is based on a range of theoretical and empirical evidence, including a cognitive analysis model for modeling worker behaviors, and site observations and surveys for the design of simulated working environment and tasks, as well as the modeling of individual behaviors and interactions. Four managerial scenarios are simulated using the proposed approach. Based on the simulation results, the effects of a number of managerial factors on the safety performance of construction workers are examined. These factors include duties of supervisors, the competency and inspection strategy of safety officers, the frequency of safety training, senior managers' involvement in safety activities and emphasis on safety goals. The effects of these factors are examined in a quantitative manner, and relevant implications for construction safety management practice are discussed. The findings prove that agent-based modeling is an effective approach for analyzing the characteristics and patterns of construction safety-related behaviors and assessing possible safety management strategies.

Pervasive unsafe behaviors of construction workers are the primary cause of accidents on construction job sites. The workers' safety-related behaviors are subject to a variety of factors, such as interactions with coworkers and interventions by management teams. The impacts of these factors have attracted considerable attention in academia but are yet to be fully examined. To provide a quantitative assessment of these impacts and their managerial implications in practice, an agent-based modeling approach of construction safety-related behaviors, which adopts a bottom-up architecture, is proposed in this research. This approach regards safety performance as an emergent property of the behaviors and interactions of construction workers and management teams. The development of the agent-based model is based on a range of theoretical and empirical evidence, including a cognitive analysis model for modeling worker behaviors, and site observations and surveys for the design of simulated working environment and tasks, as well as the modeling of individual behaviors and interactions. Four managerial scenarios are simulated using the proposed approach. Based on the simulation results, the effects of a number of managerial factors on the safety performance of construction workers are examined. These factors include duties of supervisors, the competency and inspection strategy of safety officers, the frequency of safety training, senior managers' involvement in safety activities and emphasis on safety goals. The effects of these factors are examined in a quantitative manner, and relevant implications for construction safety management practice are discussed. The findings prove that agent-based modeling is an effective approach for analyzing the characteristics and patterns of construction safety-related behaviors and assessing possible safety management strategies.

This paper presents a systematic Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based approach for Prospective Safety Performance Evaluation (PSPE) on construction sites, with causal relationships and interactions between enablers and the goals of PSPE taken into account. According to a sample of 450 valid questionnaire surveys from 30 Chinese construction enterprises, a SEM model with 26 items included for PSPE in the context of Chinese construction industry is established and then verified through the goodness-of-fit test. Three typical types of construction enterprises, namely the state-owned enterprise, private enterprise and Sino-foreign joint venture, are selected as samples to measure the level of safety performance given the enterprise scale, ownership and business strategy are different. Results provide a full understanding of safety performance practice in the construction industry, and indicate that the level of overall safety performance situation on working sites is rated at least a level of III (Fair) or above. This phenomenon can be explained that the construction industry has gradually matured with the norms, and construction enterprises should improve the level of safety performance as not to be eliminated from the government-led construction industry. The differences existing in the safety performance practice regarding different construction enterprise categories are compared and analyzed according to evaluation results. This research provides insights into cause-effect relationships among safety performance factors and goals, which, in turn, can facilitate the improvement of high safety performance in the construction industry.

The construction industry significantly contributes to the economy but remains one of the most hazardous sectors, with over 100,000 annual fatalities globally and 30% of all occupational risks. These safety challenges lead to absenteeism, workforce shortages, and reduced productivity. To mitigate these issues, there is increasing interest in advanced technologies to improve safety management. However, despite increased adoption, a critical gap remains in understanding the adoption rates, and perceived effectiveness of these technologies across diverse construction settings. This study addresses the gap through a comprehensive review and assessment of Occupational Health and Safety technologies in construction, combining literature analysis with survey data from thirty-five industry practitioners. It examines the application, adoption rates, and perceived effectiveness of various technologies for hazard prevention. Twenty-four safety-related technologies were identified from the literature. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using frequency distributions and percentage calculations to quantify adoption levels across technologies. The results reveal a high adoption of Building Information Modelling (60%), moderate adoption is seen with drones, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Global Positioning System, Camera Network System, and safety or digital signage (30-45%), while emerging tools like Exoskeletons, and Virtual Prototyping remain underutilized (10%). Health monitoring technologies such as Inertia Measurement Units, Electroencephalograms, and physiological wristbands show the lowest adoption, signalling untapped potential. This study highlights opportunities for broader implementation and offers insights into advancing technology-driven safety practices. It helps create awareness of these tools and supports the industry's transition toward a safer, more efficient future workforce.

Construction workers are backbone of this industry since construction industry is less mechanized and more labor intensive. So the major consideration is ensuring workers safety during construction in Bangladesh. As current practice of Bangladesh checks the construction safety manually, this checking process always leads to error-prone, inconsistency in assessments and delays the construction process as a whole. The aim of this study is to develop an automated fall safety checking system using BIM to solve this problem in the Bangladeshi context. A framework is developed and safety rule checking approach is illustrated during conceptual and legal stage and how these process works in two situations is proposed to identify fall hazard at planning phase. A case study is performed to illustrate its practical implementation on a building project in Bangladesh. Results show that the developed system demonstrates the feasibility of integrating safety into BIM for detecting and eliminating fall-related hazards. This study will contribute the construction professionals by introducing and informing automated safety checking platform to find the reports, why, where, when, and what safety measures are needed for preventing fall-related accidents at pre-construction phase. The significance of this study is to lead to safer designs early in a project.

The transition of ISO management systems from compliance tools to strategic enablers of organizational capability remains a critical challenge for industries worldwide. This study investigates the persistent barriers hindering the maturity of ISO systems, particularly within industrial and manufacturing sectors, despite formal cultural integration. Through a qualitative methodology combining literature review, audit report analysis, and interviews, the research identifies a central impediment to the development of the ISO system. This phenomenon arises when employees perceive ISO requirements as transactional tasks rather than intrinsic components of their work, leading to performative compliance, post-audit regression, and stifled continuous improvement. The findings underscore the necessity of reframing ISO implementation as a people-centered change management process, requiring leadership commitment, employee ownership, and behavioral alignment with ISO principles. By proposing metrics such as opportunity capture rates and compliance fatigue indices, the study offers actionable insights for organizations to transform ISO systems into dynamic frameworks that drive resilience, innovation, and long-term strategic growth.

Site safety is an important function regardless of project size. A key goal, which must be met for a successful project, is to finish the project with a good safety record. Construction safety is an important issue in all over the world. Today, developed countries strictly follow the safety procedure to avoid any hazard, accident or fatality. But for a least developed country like Bangladesh, accidents and fatalities are still quite high due to lack of safety management. With the increased volume of construction work in Bangladesh, the need for proper attention in safety issues has become essential for humanitarian, economic and other consideration. Recently, lots of accidents are taking place in construction sites of Bangladesh causing severe injury to death to the workers and pedestrians. There are a number of reasons/factors that these high numbers are widespread to the construction industry that are not found in most other fields. The objective of this research work is to identify and explore the various factor that affect the construction site safety in Bangladesh. A questionnaire surveys was conducted to the reputed construction companies of Bangladesh to examine the present safety situation in construction sites. Nine factors were selected for the survey. The finding shows that 78% of organizations' from the respondents are conscious about the safety procedure and they usually provide safety measures for the workers. Promotion of safety measures at the working site results in a better working environment, higher productivity and greater contentment among the workers.

The construction industry is one of the most physically demanding sectors, posing significant challenges for ageing workers due to declining physical strength, slower reflexes, and increased susceptibility to workplace injuries. The integration of smart wearable technology provides an innovative solution to mitigate these challenges by enhancing safety, monitoring health metrics, and optimizing productivity. Smart wearables, including exoskeletons, biometric sensors, smart helmets, augmented reality (AR) glasses, and smart vests, offer real-time monitoring, injury prevention, and efficiency enhancements through data-driven insights. These technologies help detect early signs of fatigue, track posture, measure vital signs, and alert workers to hazardous conditions, thereby reducing workplace accidents and improving overall well-being. This paper explores the adoption of smart wearables in the construction industry, particularly among the ageing workforce, analysing their benefits, challenges, and future potential. A comprehensive investigation is conducted using case studies, surveys, and industry reports to assess the effectiveness of wearable technology in reducing occupational hazards and increasing job retention among older workers. Additionally, statistical analyses, including correlation and regression models, are employed to evaluate the impact of wearable technology on key performance indicators such as accident rates, productivity, and worker health. The findings highlight the necessity for wider adoption of smart wearables, addressing barriers such as cost, resistance to change, and technological literacy, while also emphasizing the role of policymakers and industry stakeholders in facilitating smoother integration.

This study examines the integration of safety management systems (SMS) and business strategy to improve safety performance in the construction industry in the Middle East. This study employs a deductive pragmatic approach to investigate the correlation between SMS and business strategies and their influence on safety outcomes. This study explores numerous factors that contribute to the successful alignment of the safety management system and business strategy. These factors encompass strategic initiatives, business risk management, strategic objectives, and strategic key performance indicators. This study highlights the significance of integrating SMS into business strategy to enhance safety outcomes, operational excellence, and overall organizational performance. Overcoming challenges such as resistance to change, insufficient safety awareness, and limited resources are essential for achieving optimal alignment. Organizations should consider implementing safety management systems (SMS) in accordance with their business strategies. It is important to effectively integrate safety objectives at all levels of the organization and align safety risk management with business risks. Additionally, organizations should prioritize worker safety in their strategic initiatives. Safety regulation adherence is crucial. This study enhances existing knowledge on safety management in the construction industry, highlighting the significance of aligning it with business strategy.

Enactment of Occupational Safety and Health Act (1994) and aggressive efforts have been taken to ensure the safety of workers in the construction industry. This study employs an experimental study. Three hundred trainees divided into four groups, and data collections involve 2 phases which the first level require training for safety hazards identifications in traditional training classroom while another aspect of study include a virtual reality site visit. Results show that there is a significant difference in trainee's achievements for safety hazard identification assignments and examination between the training of hazard identification in a traditional construction site visit and mobile virtual reality construction site. Findings approve the hypothesis that learning is significantly higher at a virtual construction site rather than a construction site visit and traditional classroom. To conclude, a virtual reality learning environment offers other learning platforms for millen...

Effective safety management is a key aspect of managing construction projects. Current safety management practices are heavily document-oriented that rely on historical data to identify potential hazards at a construction job site. Such document-bound safety practices are prone to interpretative and communication errors in multilingual construction environments, such as in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Applications of Building Information Models (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) are claimed to improve hazards identification and communication in comparison to 2-D static drawings by simulating job-site conditions and safety implications and thus can interactively educate the job-site crew to enhance their understanding of the on-site conditions and safety requirements. This paper presents findings of a case study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 4-Dimensional (4-D) BIM and VR in simulating job-site safety instructions for a multilingual construction crew at a project in the UAE. 4-D BIM-enabled VR simulations, in lieu of the Abu Dhabi Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHAD) code of practice, were developed and tested through risk assessment and safety training exercises for the job-site crew. The results showed a significant improvement in the job-site crew's ability to recognize a hazard, understand safety protocols, and incorporate proactive risk response in mitigating the hazards. This study concludes that 4-D BIM-enabled VR visualization can improve information flow and knowledge exchange in a multilingual environment where jobsite crew do not speak a common language and cannot understand written safety instructions, manuals, and documents in any common language due to linguistic diversity. The findings of this study are useful in communicating safety instructions, and safety training, in the UAE, as well as in international projects.

The article 'Current Advances in the Standardization of Management Systems' presents an overview and proposals for implementation of the new series of standards for management systems-for quality (ISO 9001), environment (ISO 14001), and energy (ISO 50001). Discussed is their integration with the Annex SL (previously ISO Guide 83) and the implications for organizations which already have implemented such management systems-both in the view of potential risks and new possibilities. 'wizards' like MSS consultants to help them integrate different ISO standards (usually for quality, environment, and occupational health and safety) in their management systems.

The provision of power and illumination for tools, equipment, and safety systems makes electricity indispensable at construction sites. A comprehensive analysis of electrical work in construction sites is presented in this review paper. It talks about setting up electricity, staying safe, and following the rules. There are a couple of important reasons why electrical work is necessary on construction sites. It energizes tools and equipment, provides light for safety and productivity, and ensures compliance with safety guidelines for all. Construction sites can be dangerous if they don't have good electrical systems and are not taken care of. This may result in accidents, people sustaining injuries, and even fatalities.

This paper outlined the information of Radio frequency identification technology in tracking the tool in the construction jobsite. Tool accessibility is very important in the productivity of construction team. This research has developed to improve the efficiency of tracking tool and to study the system of storing operational and maintenance data by using radio frequency identification technology. This paper demonstrated that active radio frequency identification technology can be used to track the small tool and storing the operation and maintenance data on the tools in the construction site despite metal inference and low temperature. The methodology includes the involvement of two electrical construction firms; the technique is experimented on many construction job sites. Economics, lack of up gradation, lack of vision and range data from the tally were recognised as the most significant factors limiting radio frequency identification commercialization for tool tracking.

Construction projects in Bangladesh are facing hazards, ambiguities, and complications, which result in accidents. Human death, injury, project delay, excessive cost result from construction accident. This affects the financial and infrastructure growth of the country, which need to be taken care of. The aim of this research is to recognize and explore the most common hazards at construction site and the crucial factors behind the accidents. An extensive literature review was done to design the considerable factors. A survey was performed to rank the severity of the hazards and the responsible factors of accidents in terms of relative importance index (RII). It is traced from the analysis that fall of brick particles, working at height, deficiency of railing on wall and stair, electrocution, and collapses are the main hazards at construction site. Also, this research found twenty authentic factors, among them unawareness of construction safety, inadequate use of personal protective equipment, deficiency of worker's skill on instruments, owner and contractor's apathy for safety and not following safety codes are the vital reasons responsible for the accidents. This work tends to set effective suggestions to minimize hazards and accidents at construction site.

Facility designers can positively influence construction site safety by integrating safety considerations into the design process. Although their potential influence on safety has been documented, designers typically lack knowledge of and limit their involvement in construction worker safety. This research effort involved the accumulation of suggestions for improving construction worker safety while in the design phase. Using these design suggestions, a design tool has been developed to assist designers in identifying project-specific safety hazards and to provide best practices to eliminate the hazards. Although use of the design tool is voluntary in the United States, it is one resource which can be used by designers to fulfill their Ž . obligations required by the Construction Design and Management Regulations in UK.

Dans le cadre de notre formation en master spécialisé en structures, nous avons eu l'opportunité d'effectuer un stage de fin d'études au sein de la société SARL REAPROM Promotion Immobilière pendant une période de six mois. Ce stage a représenté une étape cruciale dans notre parcours académique et professionnel. Il nous a permis de mettre en pratique les connaissances théoriques acquises au cours de nos études et de nous immerger dans le monde professionnel du génie civil et des structures.
L'objectif principal de ce stage était de renforcer nos compétences techniques et méthodologiques en matière de conception et de dimensionnement des structures, tout en nous familiarisant avec les outils et les logiciels de modélisation et de calcul utilisés dans le secteur. Nous avons également eu l'opportunité d'aborder des aspects essentiels tels que la gestion de projet, la coordination interdisciplinaire, et les défis liés à la mise en oeuvre pratique des concepts théoriques.
Ce rapport de stage présente une analyse détaillée de nos activités, des projets sur lesquels nous avons travaillé, des défis rencontrés et des solutions apportées. Il est structuré comme suit : une description de l'entreprise et de son fonctionnement, une présentation des missions qui nous ont été confiées, une analyse critique des compétences acquises et des connaissances approfondies, ainsi que des recommandations pour de futures collaborations entre le milieu académique et l'entreprise.

Training of the workforce is an integral component of the occupational health and safety (OHS) management system on construction sites. However, the traditional training styles have been criticised for their failure to capture the complexities of the construction site environment, potential accident scenarios and workers' responses or behaviour. Immersive technologies like AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality) and MR (Mixed Reality) could change the content and delivery of OHS training in the construction industry. The present study reviews 42 journal articles published on the application of immersive technology in OHS training in the construction industry. It illustrates various applications of immersive technologies, along with prominent researchers, organisations and countries active in this research area. Furthermore, it offers insights into four major research clusters of immersive technology applications: (1) improved risk management, (2) efficient resource usage, (3) computer-based hazard simulation, and (4) better OHS decisions.

Musculoskeletal disorders ͑MSDs͒ constitute more than half of the total injuries and illnesses within the construction industry. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MSD among construction workers and identify the psychosocial and physical risk factors associated with their occurrence using an on-site survey instrument. One hundred forty seven construction workers ͑representing three trades͒ participated in the study. The 1-year prevalence of MSD was high with 61.2% reporting severe symptoms and 39.7% having some functional impairment due to MSD. Physical task requirement was the most important factor associated with MSD reflecting the physical nature of construction work. Economic and performance factors were the most stressful psychosocial factors reported and significantly increased the risk of reporting MSD. The findings of this research underscore the independent role that psychosocial factors play in the health and safety of construction workers. Understanding this role is imperative for practitioners and academics alike in the quest to make construction a safer work environment for all workers.

Safe Work Australia is working closely with the International Governance and Performance (IGAP) Research Centre at Macquarie University, to standardise and improve work health and safety reporting by businesses and organisations. This work is being co-funded by the Safety Institute of Australia and CPA Australia. Currently there is a lack of standardised and accepted indicators to measure the work health and safety performance of organisations and businesses at the organisational level. Work health and safety information can and is being reported on a voluntary basis, however reporting is often selective and inconsistent. This hinders comparisons of work health and safety performance and due diligence reporting over time and across organisations. This paper is one of a series of research papers that will inform a broader three staged policy development project taking place over the next three years. The aim of the project is to develop a standardised set of indicators businesses can use in annual reports as well as guidelines for the development of lead and lag indicators relevant to the size and nature of the business. Stage one involves developing a draft set of external and internal indicators to improve organisational level work health and safety reporting and to help Officers meet their due diligence obligations under the model Work Health and Safety Act. Stage two involves testing of the work health and safety indicators and guidelines. Testing will be carried out using a mixed method approach involving case studies, interviews and surveys in selected businesses across Australia. A pilot test will be conducted and an assessment of the outcomes undertaken. Stage three will involve a review of the research outcomes, which will be used to develop policy options for the consistent use of standardised work health and safety indicators and guidelines.

The construction industry has been known as the most fatal industries worldwide. Accident affects varies parties involving direct and indirect costs to the contractor and clients as well. The construction safety measures in the current practice often begin during the construction phase rather than at the earliest stages possible. Design for Construction Safety (DfCS) is a process to reduce the hazards and risks during construction by focussing on design decision at the design phase. This concept implementation is new and has yet to be adapted worldwide. With every new culture comes with a set of list to overcome. The top barriers stated by past researchers are lack of knowledge and education followed by increased of liability and the nature of the industry. The initial step to be taken is to adapt this concept in the universities and college level during the designers’ formal education. By mastering this subject, the designers will become more confidence with new found skills while ...

Purpose of the study: The construction industry is characterised by high rates of accidents linked to workplace absenteeism. Absenteeism disrupts project timelines, leads to breaches of contractual agreements, increased labour costs, and hinders overall productivity. While absenteeism among construction workers is a welldocumented concern, there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of specific health and safety (H&S) factors that contribute to absenteeism among small and medium-sized contractors. Hence, this research seeks to assess the relationship between H&S factors and absenteeism among small and medium-sized contractors in the Johannesburg metropolitan area. The research aims to influence the adoption of management practices that can assist contractors in mitigating absenteeism through enhanced H&S performance in the construction industry.

Construction industry is one of the most vulnerable sectors considering degree of safety and its implementation in the site. All concerned personnel are involved in the safety policy and especially the workers more susceptible to accidents. In the world most of the developed countries have full proof law and legislation in the construction industry. Also they have well organized safety implementation management systems which are planned to minimalize or abolish accidents at workplaces. Nevertheless, in developing countries such as Bangladesh safety in the construction industry is very alarming. This study investigates the widespread safety management practices and perceptions at the construction industry at Dhaka and Khulna city in Bangladesh. The study was conducted among 45 (forty five) construction companies, government officials and also investigated 20 (twenty) ongoing construction sites through the method of a questionnaire survey, face to face interview and focus group discus...

Construction workers are backbone of this industry since construction industry is less mechanized and more labor intensive. So the major consideration is ensuring workers safety during construction in Bangladesh. As current practice of Bangladesh checks the construction safety manually, this checking process always leads to error-prone, inconsistency in assessments and delays the construction process as a whole. The aim of this study is to develop an automated fall safety checking system using BIM to solve this problem in the Bangladeshi context. A framework is developed and safety rule checking approach is illustrated during conceptual and legal stage and how these process works in two situations is proposed to identify fall hazard at planning phase. A case study is performed to illustrate its practical implementation on a building project in Bangladesh. Results show that the developed system demonstrates the feasibility of integrating safety into BIM for detecting and eliminating fall-related hazards. This study will contribute the construction professionals by introducing and informing automated safety checking platform to find the reports, why, where, when, and what safety measures are needed for preventing fall-related accidents at pre-construction phase. The significance of this study is to lead to safer designs early in a project.

Construction industry plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. As construction industry is less mechanized and more labor intensive, construction workers are backbone of this industry. So the major consideration is ensuring workers safety during construction. This paper is aimed to examine the current safety status and identify the main causes of not practicing safety rules in the construction sites in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, the existing rules and regulations of construction safety were studied. Secondly physical survey was conducted among the ongoing construction sites. Thirdly factors that influence the safety performance in construction sites were identified by conducting questionnaire survey and ranked based on Factor Index (FI). This study found 20 major causes those affect the construction safety performance at job site. According to the physical survey data, it was obvious that workers were working without PPE and fall protective system. From the data analysis, the main cause of not practicing safety rules are lack of enforcement of safety rules and regulations, lack of safety awareness among the construction stakeholder and lack of safety training. The survey results may help the authorities to increase the awareness of safety and enforce the construction safety rules in the next project approach.

The emergence of construction robotics and automation has produced an urgent and vast need for construction workers to reskill and upskill for the future of work. Virtual Reality (VR)-based training has been considered and investigated as a safe and cost-effective training method that allows workers to be exposed to hazardous tasks with negligible actual safety risks in comparison to existing training methods (hands-on, lecture-based, apprenticeship training). This paper aims to investigate the impact of VR-based training on construction workers' knowledge acquisition, operational skills, and safety behavior during robotic teleoperation compared to the traditional in-person training method. Fifty construction workers were randomly assigned to complete either VR-based or in-person training for operating a demolition robot. We used quantitative and qualitative data analyses to answer our research questions. Our results indicate that VR-based training was associated with a significant increase in knowledge, operational skills, and safety behavior compared to in-person training. Our findings suggest that VR-based training not only provides a viable and effective option for future training programs but a valuable option for construction robotics safety and skill training.

TTHE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY plays a significant role in the prosperity of the economy, reportedly contributing approximately $10 trillion to the global domestic product (GDP; Barbosa et al., 2017). In the U.S., the construction industry’s contribution reached more than $892 billion in 2020, which represented about 5% of the total U.S. GDP that year (BEA, 2020). Such a contribution is anticipated to further grow over the next few years, making the construction industry an essential contributor to the economy (Nnaji & Karakhan, 2020). This level of influence is not possible without having a healthy, productive construction workforce. The U.S. construction industry employs more than 72 million individuals with a steadily increased employment rate that is expected to continue growing over the next 10 years (BLS, 2020a). Early in 2020, it was reported that the construction industry in that year would have a monthly average of more than 350,000 job openings and 400,000 hires on a continuou...

The study was guided by two objectives and corresponding research questions. Relevant literatures related to the research question were reviewed. The study adopted survey research design and simple random sampling technique was employed. Fifteen (15) respondents were randomly selected from the three ongoing construction sites making a total of Forty-five (45) respondents. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire and was validated by three experts. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was found to be .775 and hence the instrument was found to be reliable. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyse the data that was collected. The data obtained was analysed using Descriptive Statistics of Mean and Standard Deviation. Through the data collected for this study, it was discovered that all the 11 factors were agreed upon as the factors affecting construction site productivity and to a high extent. Based on the findings, the result of the research should serve as contribution for future research projects or studies and also help stakeholders in Bauchi, Nigerian construction industry and others around the world to make sure such factors are avoided in construction site, so as to improve the site productivity and also the construction industry's contribution to the economy of the country.

Construction Industry in India has changed drastically during the last few decades. It is the second largest employing sector next to agricultural sector, but first in terms of accidents close to the road accidents. From the construction of building simple structures, roads and minor civil work projects, the construction industry has changed significantly over the last few decades. Safety on construction job site has been ignored by construction companies worldwide and particularly in countries where labour force is required. Due to increasing numbers of reported accidents and injuries on construction projects, safety is becoming an important issue in construction environment today; also safety is usually discarded by its operator.

A construction project is considered to be unique due to the process of delivering a customerdesigned product, diverse stakeholders involved, the unique location and timeframe of construction, and specific social, economic, and environmental constraints attached to it. The uniqueness of construction projects brought great challenges to the construction industry professionals as well as researchers and educators in the construction discipline. If a method or a model can be developed to assess the similarity between projects and make project comparison more science than art, we can increase the confidence level of researchers when they conduct analyses and make conclusions. We can help industry professionals make better decisions by providing more accurate information. This paper introduces the concept of Foundational Attributes of construction projects. A literature review is conducted to create the framework, and case study projects are applied to the framework to demonstrate how this concept helps with project comparison. A spider chart is chosen to host the concept of Foundational Attributes, and two case study projects are selected to demonstrate how to quantify project similarity using the concept of Foundational Attributes and a spider chart. Last but not least, lessons learned and future research directions are discussed at the end of this paper.

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Oregon Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The State of Oregon and the United States Government assume no liability of its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors who are solely responsible for the facts and accuracy of the material presented. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Oregon Department of Transportation or the United States Department of Transportation. The State of Oregon and the United States Government do not endorse products of manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document.

Examples of the prevention through design (PTD) concept exist in practice in all industrial sectors, including the construction, manufacturing, healthcare and service industries. Process and design solutions have been developed and implemented to reduce or eliminate risks to occupational safety and health (OSH). Awareness is building that engaging with designers as part of OSH management is an effective practice for reducing injuries, illnesses and fatalities (Manuele, 1997). Effective diffusion and implementation of the PTD concept call for detailed understanding of the principles and practices of both design and OSH. PTD also requires that architects, engineers and designers know the processes, jobs and work conditions associated with their designs and that they understand the associated risks. Engaging those who construct, manufacture, use and maintain their designs also is important. PTD is genuinely a collaborative process that encompasses multiple areas of expertise and stakeholders. While PTD is a recognized and established practice attribute in some industrial sectors, the complexities and barriers associated with its implementation have inhibited its diffusion in other sectors. A lack of OSH knowledge among design professionals, fear of liability for injuries, a lack of available design tools, insufficient funding and time for design, and lack of methods to engage workers and OSH professionals in the design limit PTD implementation (