Roman pottery workshops

During almost ten years of Polish excavations in Ptolemais (Libya), a significant number of terracotta lamps from the Roman Imperial period have been discovered. While searching for supra-regional parallels, it appeared that most of the analogies were found on Crete within a group of locally produced lamps attributed to the workshop of Gamos, operating in the second century AD. This led to an attempt to collect information on all known forms and decorative motifs attributed to the above-mentioned workshop. The finds from Ptolemais presented here constitute an important group in light of still on-going discussion on the provenance, functioning and distribution of lamps signed ΓΑΜΟΥ,
and in a broader context, provide a glimpse on the relations between both parts of the province.

This paper presents the petrographic analysis of cooking vessels (ollae) from the Pontine region, Central Italy, dated between the 4th and the 1st centuries BC. Cooking vessels of three surveys in different parts of the Pontine Plain and around Norba, in the Lepine foothills, are considered. The considered time-span covers the period in which the Pontine region became integrated in the Roman state until the end of the Republic, and cooking vessels have much to tell us about the region's integration in production and distribution systems, and whether changes occurred therein.
The petrographic study shows that the cooking pots were produced and distributed at regional and supra-regional scales. The production and distribution systems that are tentatively inferred show aspects of continuity and change during the time-span considered. Roman cooking vessels that circulated in the Pontine region between the 4th and the 3rd centuries BC had a supra-regional and regional provenance. During the 2nd and the 1st centuries BC, the region continued to have access to these products, as well as to other ones that were produced within and outside the region. Furthermore, the distribution of supra-regional products increased, whereas the importance of existing regional centres decreased in favour of others.

Numerous notable potters’ waste layers came to light during the recent excavation of a detail of the military
pottery workshop (so-called ’Kiscelli Street workshop’) in the Aquincum canabae.
A distinctive quality ceramic group was separatable in these layers. These ceramics have well, fine levigated clay and
were fired to red and hard. The surfaces are glossy by burnishing or a very thin slip. These sherds measure in many cases up to the
Samian ware quality. As geochemical researches revealed these ceramics were made from local clay into which some „red earth”
(rich in Al2O3–, Fe2O3– and MnO) admixture was mixed. Moreover it was also observed that the above-mentioned good quality
product forms were sometimes made in a „traditional” (without red admixture) colour, too.
We can find the best analogies of these ceramics in connection with the finds of the legionary pottery’s find-places (Noviomagus–
Holdeurn ware, Vetera, Vindonissa, Argentorate, Wetterau ware, Butovo etc.). These are in the closest connection with the
Holdeurn ware in both form and quality (four of the five forms are almost identical). Based on the similarity we think that potterers
from Noviomagus might have been commanded here, which is naturally not surprising knowing that the legio X Gemina was placed
from Noviomagus to Aquincum in 105 AD and was stationed here till 118 AD. At the same time, researching the origin of the existing
forms we find many similarities with the eastern Samian ware (terra sigillata) forms, too. This raises the question who were those
potterers that developed these forms first? Though J. K. Haalebos suggested the presence of Italian potterers in connection with the
Holdeun pottery, the possibility of eastern potterers’ contribution can also be taken into account.

In 1934, excavations conducted at Beit Nattif, in the Judaean Shephelah region, uncovered a rich assemblage of waste from a terra-cotta lamp and figurine workshop. The items produced at the workshop, which are now known by the name of the site, are dated to around 300 c.e. and can be considered a hallmark of the regional material culture of the Late Roman period, a time of wideranging cultural influences. Recent excavations at Khirbat Shumeila, located in the immediate Beit Nattif region, have uncovered the remains of a Beit Nattif lamp workshop. The Khirbat Shumeila workshop can be dated to the late 4th century c.e. During the excavations, a number of typical Beit Nattif figurines and a figurine mold were uncovered, providing an opportunity to analyze the stylistic and morphological development of the figurines over 100 years. While the new workshop was focused primarily on lamp production, figurine production existed as a secondary industry, further implying the existence of multiple parallel workshops in the region.

The study of amphorae production in the coast of Malaga during the Punic and Roman Republican periods has hardly been discussed by historiography, but in recent years the ancient Malaca is beginning to get more attention. During the study of unpublished amphorae groups discovered in different sites of the bay of Málaga and Cerro del Mar (Torre del Mar, Malaga), we have identified elements that improve the typology and archaeometric knowledge of these productions, which do not seem to have suffered any modification after the Roman conquest. Moreover, we have registered such amphorae in other areas of the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula. Thanks to this, we have been able to make a first approach to the quantitative and qualitative importance of their export. We show that, in the analysed period, the dynamism of the production in the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula in general, and the coast of Malaga in particular, is higher than what is recorded in scientific literature. This confirms the importance of this area for the understanding of the economy in Hispania Ulterior/Baetica.

From the late Hellenistic period Dalmatia has intensively joined Mediterranean commerce not only as an
importer of foreign pottery but also, thanks to its landscape characteristics, natural resources and regional
economic developments, as a production subject.Production, commerce, exchange and consumption of goods have all widely inuenced the formation of a cultural landscape and the dynamics of economic and social processes. Depending on the richness of
natural resources, communication infrastructure and market demands, local, regional and provincial pottery
workshops began to develop. On the basis of the differentiation and/or specialization of their produce assortment and its quantities, along with the awareness and application of wider trends and fashions, it is
possible to reconstruct the level of technological development of the various categories of workshops and follow the mobility of knowledge and skills of the various artisans or the workshop’s orientation to either
regional or provincial markets.

The province of Thrace was established in ca. AD 45-46 on the territory of the last Thracian Kingdom. In the course of more than two hundred years, between the second half of the First and the late Third century, ceramic production was developed in an unprecedented scale in this territory, in both rural and urban context. A number of rural settlements in Thrace, including agricultural estates (villae), agrarian and artisan’s villages (vici), have accommodated pottery and tile workshops since the second half of the First – the beginning of the Second century. From the late First – early Second century onwards potteries were established also in towns and cities.
            The data analysed and presented for the location and internal organisation of the ceramic workshops in Thrace indicates that the most widespread type of organised production was the individual workshop. Some of these ateliers were clustered near available resources and developed trade routes, and occasionally incorporated in single settlement units. However, the considerable size and complex layout of the workshops from the early phase of ceramic production under Roman rule could be viewed as a proof that the craft was initially developed by people with certain financial abilities and social status (local dynasts, immigrant civilians, enfranchised itinerant and indigenous army veterans). These individuals were among the first to perceive and advertise the Roman way of life through, on the one side, the new construction techniques and materials, and, on the other, the concomitant culture of eating and drinking, visible through the archaeological discoveries of pottery and other vessels used for these purposes.

This article explores the archaeological evidence of urban ceramic workshops in the Roman province of Thrace, discovered in the modern territory of Bulgaria. Three major types of data are taken into account – the overall location, the internal organisation and the production repertoire of the potteries in question. The analysed information is then compared to published material about urban ateliers in other provinces of the Roman Empire. In conclusion some general remarks are made on the scale and chronology of ceramic manufacture in the towns of provincia Thracia.

The research at the "Igralište" site in Crikvenica (within the Ad Turres Roman settlement) carried out from 2006 to 2015 has resulted in extremely valuable scientific data about the regional pottery production
complex of Sextus Metilius Maximus. The research into the surrounding
landscape, which was an integral part of our project, pointed out that the choice of location for establishing a workshop was important because of the quantity and availability of natural resources (clay, wood, water), a nearby communication network, both on land and sea, vicinity of urban centers and good climate.
This year, the research was carried out within the RED project of
the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-11-2013-3973), and three phases
of spatial organization were defined for the so-called northern production sector. For the first and earliest phase, a sequence of rooms partitioned by walls whose lower layers were built of tegulas was uncovered. Different types of flooring suggest differences in the usage of these rooms. During the next two phases, the initial layout of the workshop had been considerably expanded destroying some of the boundary walls from the previous phase. A tendency to unify smaller separate spatial units within a purposefully organized space is noticeable. Numerous upgrades, adaptations and leveling of the floors point out the need for reorganization of the workshop and adaptation to increasing demand which can be traced back from the mid-1st century to the early 2nd century, when the peak of production at Crikvenica's pottery complex had been reached.

What should a catalogue of archaeological material contain? This book is a comprehensive index of 210 lamps from the Roman fort at Gerulata and its adjoining civilian settlement. The lighting devices were excavated during the last 50 years from the houses, cemeteries, barracks and fortifications of this Roman outpost on the Danube Limes and span almost three centuries from AD 80 to AD 350. For the first time, they are published in full and in color with detailed analysis of lamp types, workshop marks and discus scenes.

Roman lamps were a characteristic form of interior lighting that burned liquid fuel seeped through a wick to create a controlled flame. Relief decorations have made them appealing objects of minor art in modern collections, but lamps were far more than that – with a distribution network spanning three continents, made by a multitude of producers and brands, with their religious imagery used in worship and death, and as symbols of study and learning, Roman lamps are an effective tool that can be used to discover the ancient economy, culture, craft organization and Roman provincial life.

The first chapter describes the history of Roman Pannonia and the archaeological record of Gerulata. Three successive catalogues – of the lamps, of the stamps, and of the iconography – illustrate the material thoroughly. An inquiry into the lamps’ function as grave goods is presented, followed by four studies focused on the statistical analysis of types, the organization of the lamp industry, signs of personal ownership, and the cultural significance of lamplight in a provincial milieu, respectively. Together, they paint a picture of a community on the edge of the Empire and its use of artificial light in both life and death.

From one end of the gulf to the other: the Corinthian lamps discovered at Delphi:
The Corinthian lamps dating from the 1st-3rd c. AD discovered at Delphi come mainly from the necropoleis and some urban contexts systematically excavated at the 1990’s. They constitute
a direct proof of the commercial relations between Delphi and the capital of the province of Achaia, Corinth. These relations stopped after the 3rd c. AD. The lamps presented here bear all
the technical characteristics of the type (form, fabrication process, clay); various scenes inspired by the mythology and every-day life are illustrated on the discs. Fourteen names of potters have been identified on the preserved bases. More than a century after a short publication by Perdrizet and forty years after the fundamental articles on Corinthian lamps by Bruneau, the presentation of this corpus under a new point of view gives us the opportunity for a renewed discussion on the form, the workshops and the towns where this type was produced; it also
allows a reinterpretation of the decoration of several of these lamps.

Notwithstanding the fact that this year's research was somewhat
reduced due to unfavourable weather conditions, the eight season of systematic
archaeological investigations allowed us to define another refuse
pit (the first was investigated in 2012) and another larger space, in □
G/F 6-8, used as a dump for kiln refuse (charcoal). However, the finds
suggest that this was also a place for the waste created during the repairs
of the kiln, as well as during the firing of pottery. A similar situation was
observed in 2011 in □ H 11. The primary and cabinet processing of finds,
carried out intensively in the museum depository over a ten-day period,
marked a significant leap forward in the processing of the site assemblage.
Due to the abundance of the assemblage, which presently amounts to dozens
of tons, the processing of finds is slow and lags behind fieldwork. This
year's work on the finds enabled us to finish the cabinet processing of finds
from the 2009 campaign, the processing of 2.3 tons of finds from 2010,
and the primary processing of the finds from the 2012 season.

We propose an architectural and functional restitution of the Vila-sec ceramic workshop (Ager Tarraconensis). We also propose figures for the production capacity and distribution of the load - especially for Dr. 2 amphorae type-, from the calculation of the internal volume of the laboratory of some of the identified kilns.
And we present presents a new reading of the seals identified during archaeological excavation: ANTO, CRE, ITA vel ATI

This contribution explores the archaeological evidence for local ceramic production in the province of Thrace during the Principate. Until now, fourteen sites, including villae, villages and presumed artisanal establishments, have provided secure data for the development of this craft. Five ceramic workshops were founded in the last decades of the 1st and the first half of the 2nd century. From the last quarter of the 2nd and until the mid-3rd century the total number of the potteries became twelve. After the Gothic invasions in ca. AD 248-251 there was a noticeable reduction in the number of known ateliers. Only two new sites were established during the second half of the 3rd century, while no more than five of the previous twelve remained operational. The majority of the rural workshops in Thrace was involved in the production of tableware, kitchenware and ceramic building material. Manufacture of flat-bottomed amphorae, oil lamps and terracotta figurines is less frequently documented. Most of the rural kiln sites were probably in operation only through the warm time of the year, given that only three have produced data for installations, which could have enabled the year-round production activities.

Roman building materials, especially brick and tiles (tegulae and imbex) marked a new era in the architecture of Roman Dalmatia. While imported materials seem to still form the bulk of the evidence, recently identified and definitely located local productions provide the possibility to place these products within a technological and economical framework. The in-depth analysis of the array of ceramic building materials (CBM) of the workshop of Sextus Me(u)tillius Maximus in Crikvenica (north-eastern Adriatic) evidences their forming methods and production technology, while some distribution aspects and their role within the rural economy indicate their relevance within the regional CBM market. This paper will highlight such aspects and place them within a wider debate on the onset of production, the organisation of rural property, and the transmission of technology and knowledge through the adoption of “Roman style” architectural solutions.

We propose an architectural and functional restitution of the Vila-sec ceramic workshop (Ager Tarraconensis). We also propose figures for the production capacity and distribution of the load - especially for Dr. 2 amphorae type-, from the calculation of the internal volume of the laboratory of some of the identified kilns.
And we present presents a new reading of the seals identified during archaeological excavation, using a method that uses silicone molds.

The Ceramic Technology of the Mayen Potteries: Experimental Archaeology in a Pre-modern Industrial District: The large-scale potteries of Mayen were able to assert themselves in supra-regional key markets from late antiquity until the end of the middle ages. From an archaeological and archaeometrical point of view, the current state of research on the areas of these potteries is comparatively good, thus providing the best prerequisites for a diachronic evaluation of the ceramic technology of this district with methods of experimental
archaeology. The results achieved are designed to form the basis for a model of such a cluster of potteries based on transparent data.
As a first step, kiln 26/II from Siegfriedstraße 53 in Mayen was reconstructed and rebuilt in 2014. The kiln in question is a shaft furnace which was in use from the end of the 5th till the beginning of the 6th century. The most important co-operation partner for this project is the Fachschule Keramik Höhr-Grenzhausen. in addition, other historically interested potters were engaged on the project. The reconstruction was built next to the Mayener Grubenfeld, close to the division for experimental archaeology. This study illustrates the historic-cultural framework of the late antique large-scale potteries of Mayen
and the basics for the realisation of the reconstruction. It also presents observations made during the first experimental kiln operation.
An experimental archaeological evaluation of this principle of kiln construction turns out to be stable and comparatively rather trouble-free. The know-how needed to control the combustion in a shaft furnace
could have been learned quite fast by anybody after appropriate training. This was possible due to the nearly linear fring process which requires hold times only from 80 to 120°C and at the desired fnal temperature. The production of the utilitarian wares of Mayen requires an oxidising fring atmosphere which can be generated relatively easily with this type of kiln construction. Reduction occurring during the burning is caused by shorter intervals when stoking up the fre in a temperature range above 500°C. shaft kilns constructed according to the construction principle known from Mayen might very well have also been used for the production of fine wares and wares with slips, an assumption which still requires further research. However, this would have resulted in higher demands regarding the quality of the fring process. Influencing factors could have been i.a. variations in the method of stacking the ceramic vessels, the erection of a temporary kiln dome in order to control the fring atmospheres or specifc use of particular types of wood. ---

La technologie céramique des grands ateliers de Mayence: archéologie expérimentale dans un bassin industriel prémoderne: Les grands ateliers de poterie de mayence ont pu s’assurer des marchés interrégionaux depuis l’antiquité tardive jusqu’à la fn du Moyen Age. On dispose d’un état de la recherche relativement bon en ce qui concerne la céramique et les zones occupées par les ateliers du point de vue archéologique et archéométrique – donc des conditions optimales pour évaluer diachroniquement la technologie céramique de ce bassin par l’archéologie expérimentale. les résultats obtenus sont sensés fournir à long terme la base d’un modèle de ce type de cluster d’ateliers à partir de données transparentes. La première étape consista en 2014 à reconstruire et monter le four 26/II de Mayence, Siegfriedstraße 53.
Il s’agit d’un four puits en fonction de la fin du 5e au début du 6e siècle. La Fachschule Keramik de Höhr-Grenzhausen est le partenaire le plus important de ce projet. Mais d’autres potières intéressées par l’histoire
s’y étaient aussi jointes. La reconstruction se déroula au Mayener Grubenfeld à proximité de la section archéologie expérimentale.
Cette étude explique le contexte historico-culturel des grands ateliers de mayen dans l’antiquité tardive et les bases ayant servi à la réalisation de la reconstitution, et présente les observations faites lors de la première cuisson expérimentale. Le type de four évalué expérimentalement s’est révélé résistant et relativement peu sujet à des pannes durant son fonctionnement. chacun, après une initiation adéquate, aurait pu apprendre très vite les bases nécessaires pour contrôler la cuisson dans un four puits grâce à l’évolution pratiquement linéaire de la cuisson qui affche des temps de maintien de 80 à 120°C et à la température fnale désirée. La fabrication de la céramique commune de mayen exige une atmosphère de cuisson oxydante que l’on peut créer facilement
avec ce type de four. Une réduction peut survenir durant la cuisson quand on augmente la fréquence des charges de combustible dans une zone de températures supérieures à 500°c.
Les fours construits selon le type Mayen se prêtaient également à la fabrication de poterie fine et engobée, mais auraient alors exigé un contrôle de la cuisson plus sophistiqué. différents facteurs auraient pu intervenir à cet effet, tels que les variations de l’empilement des vases dans le four, l’aménagement d’une coupole provisoire pour régler l’atmosphère de cuisson ou l’utilisation ciblée de certains bois. Traduction: Y. Gautier

El pasado mes de marzo fueron hallados en una escombrera de las afueras de Talavera de la Reina los restos de un alfar romano de "terra sigülata hispánica" que habían sido depositados en aquel lugar procedentes de una excavación no identificada en el casco urbano de esa ciudad.
Los diversos elementos de alfar recuperados han aportado un gran número de datos, al tiempo que abren un horizonte de posibilidades de investigación bastante amplio.
Este alfar romano, primero descubierto en la ciudad de Talavera y el único hasta ahora estudiado en la cuenca del Tajo, demuestra sin lugar a dudas, entre otros aspectos, que la tradición alfarera en Talavera de la Reina no arranca del siglo XVI, ni aún de época musulmana, como se ha llegado a pensar, sino de plena época romana, concretamente de finales del siglo I después de Cristo a mediados del siglo II, cronología que hemos propuesto para los elementos descubiertos.
De entre todo el material arqueológico aparecido cabe destacar por su especial interés un punzón con marca de alfarero y dos fragmentos de molde para la fabricación de cerámica; de los que hemos podido deducir, entre otros aspectos, una posible influencia de alfares héticos, concretamente de Andújar (Jaén), que de confirmarse arrojaría nuevas luces sobre las áreas de difusión de los productos cerámicos en la Hispania romana y sus interrelaciones.

Within the Ager Tarraconensis Project, 19 sites with evidence of oil or wine production facilities, focusing especially between the first century B.C. and the third century A.D., have been studied in the Camp de Tarragona. We have also studied 22 sites with evidence of pottery production, seven of which are known to have produced amphorae. The finding of various brands of pottery where we identified the name of M. Clodius Martialis points to a wealthy elite family of Tarraco, with which four sites have been linked and perhaps a fifth. Between the time of Augustus and the third century, the wine is confirmed as the main product of agriculture developed within the villa system, focused on the overseas market. Oil must have been produced for local consumption. This region did not boost again the production of wine on an international scale until the eighteenth century, with which we establish a comparison.

In this paper we intend to make an interpretation of the chrono-stratigraphy from Quinta do Rouxinol and its relation
to the study of the local and imported wares.
In that sense, we have taken into account the fine wares (terra sigillata, African cooking ware, African coarse
ware and IEV-Imitação de engobe vermelho não vitrificado), imported mortars, glasses and coins for the establishment
of the stratigraphical chronologies.
Secondly we analyse a small group of forms from the local coarse ware (dishes, deep dishes and cups), morphologically
closed to African prototypes from terra sigillata.
Finally we discuss the more representative local amphorae (Almagro 51c, Almagro 50 / Keay 16 and Lusitana 9).

The Roman site at Halder was explored by archaeologists at the Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek (ROB) around fifty years ago; this revealed a Roman pottery kiln, several wells and clay pits. Willem Willems examined the kiln and associated finds in detail, and published his results. Having developed a typo-chronology of the pottery wasters, he found that the kiln was in operation during the Flavian period, i.e. between 65 and 80 AD. Taken all the evidence for pottery production at the site into account, Willems believed that one of the clay pits comprised the raw materials used for potting activities. As a result, he concluded that the excavations represented only a small part of what would have been a fairly extensive pottery industry.
Following on from this, the authors of this article re-examined the pottery assemblage, which is currently stored at the Oudheidkundig Museum Sint-Michielsgestel. Using a detailed compositional approach to ceramics, which combines thin section petrography and geochemistry, it is suggested that three more types of vessels can be assigned to Willems’ typo-chronological study. In addition, it was found that the clay from the clay pit did not match the clay used for Roman potting activities.

III. M EĐUNARODNI ARHEOLOŠKI KOLOKVIJ " Rimske keramičarske i staklarske radionice. Proizvodnja i t rgovina na jadranskom prost oru" III COLLOQUIO ARCHEOLOGICO INTERNAZIONALE " Officine per la produzione di ceramica e vet ro in epoca romana.

Original scientific paper U arheološkim istrživanjima rimskog keramičarskog proizvodnog kompleksa na lokalitetu "Igralište" u Crikvenici pronađeni su ostaci nekoliko rimskih keramičarskih peći. Na osnovi tih nalaza pokrenut je projekt Eksperimentalna arheologija -Rekonstrukcija rimske keramičarske peći u Crikvenici unutar koga se pristupilo izradi replike velike zapadne peći prozvane "Ignacija". Projekt je potaknut s ciljem istraživanja režima rada rimskih peći i uspostavljanja optimalne temperature pečenja rimske keramike. Replika je izgrađena umanjenih dimenzija 1:2 (nešto kraće radne komore u omjeru 3:4). Peć se sastoji od vatrišnog kanala, dimne komore (komore za izgaranje), radne komore (komore za pečenje) i pokrova radne komore. Komore su odvojene perforiranom plohom, rešetkom kroz čije otvore struji topli zrak. Oblik završnog dijela komore za pečenje, otvor za punjenje (i pražnjenje) predmeta te ventilacijski propusni otvori pretpostavljenog su oblika (s obzirom da izostaju arheološki nalazi) za koji smo se odlučili prema usporedbenim primjerima i stečenim iskustvima. Graditeljski materijal za peć izrađen je prema rimskim standardima: u kalupima su oblikovane opeke od smjese pročišćene gline kojoj su dodani pljeva, pijesak i voda. Za vezivo i premaz peći korištena je ista smjesa gline i dodataka ali u izmijenjenom omjeru. Predpostavljeno je da se temperatura u peći podiže ravnomjerno do visine od 900°C tijekom 8 sati. Tijekom dva eksperimentalna pečenja kombinirani su pojedini parametri pečenja kao što su vrijeme postizanja pojedinih temperaturnih razina pečenja, otvaranje ventilacijskih (dimovodnih) otvora, količina unosa ogrijeva i količina predmeta koji se peku. Na temelju dobivenih podataka provedene su stručne analize o optimalnom zagrijavanju peći i dosegu temperaturnog maksimuma pečenja crikveničke keramike od 845°C te sustavu strujanja topline i ventilacijskom modelu. Premda je dobiveni statistički uzorak mali, predstavlja polaznu znanstvenu metodološku podlogu narednim eksperimentalnim istraživanjima.

El presente trabajo se ha centrado en el análisis de la terra sigillata hispánica elaborada en los talleres malagueños, documentada en las excavaciones realizadas en el Teatro romano de Málaga y su entorno. La identificación de las pastas de los materiales analizados han permitido aproximarnos a los distintos puntos de origen de la sigillata hispánica hallada en el principal edificio público de época romana excavado en la ciudad de Málaga, con un significativo porcentaje de las producciones elaboradas en los talleres de T.S.H. malagueños.

This article is based on terra sigillata hispanica analysis which taken place at Málaga workshops and it has been researched on Málaga Roman Theatre and its surroundings. Thanks to the identification of the pastes of the materials analysed, we have been able to come closer to SH points of origin which were found in the main public building, belonging to the Roman period, excavated in the city of malaga. We emphasize the high percentage of pieces made in Málaga T.S.H workshops.

A presente dissertação tem como objectivo caracterizar as cerâmicas de produção local do centro oleiro da Quinta do Rouxinol, Seixal, localizado na margem esquerda do Tejo, em frente da cidade romana de Felicitas Iulia Olisipo, actual Lisboa. Até ao momento foram identificados no sítio três fornos de chama viva e duas grandes fossas detríticas, que resultam dos desperdícios e materiais rejeitados no processo oleiro. A cronologia atribuída ao sítio situa-se entre finais do século II e inícios do século V, momento de grandes mudanças económicas e sociais no Império Romano. A caracterização deste conjunto permitiu desenvolver uma metodologia de trabalho, que pode ser aplicada no contexto dos trabalhos de investigação e inventário do Ecomuseu Municipal do Seixal, entidade onde se encontra depositado o acervo estudado. Dadas as características do sítio, uma olaria, o material que aqui encontrámos tem diversas valências funcionais, existindo cerâmicas de uso doméstico, com a habitual loiça de mesa e as diversas peças destinadas à preparação e confecção de alimentos; estando igualmente presentes cerâmicas cuja função se destina ao uso em contextos laborais, quer na olaria, quer em outras actividades, como a pesca. O conjunto estudado foi agrupado de acordo com o tipo de forma e hierarquizadas segundo a sua complexidade. As designações reflectem a função que estas teriam, em conformidade com paralelos conhecidos. Os dados recolhidos neste trabalho permitem inferir qual seriam, no período referido, as influências culturais, os hábitos de consumo e o círculo económico da olaria romana da Quinta do Rouxinol.

Abstract: This thesis aims to characterize the local production ceramics of a pottery workshop at Quinta do Rouxinol, Seixal. This site is located on the left bank of the Tagus River in front of the Roman city, Felicitas Iulia Olisipo, current Lisbon. Were identified on the site, so far, three kilns and two large dump pits with debris that result from waste and discarded materials from the pottery process. The chronology attributed to the site is from the end of the second century until the early fifth century, a period of great economic and social changes in the Roman Empire. The characterization of this pottery group allowed us to develop a working methodology that can be applied in the Ecomuseu Municipal do Seixal context of research and inventory, the local institution where the studied collection is deposited. Given the features of the site, a pottery workshop, the material found had several functional uses. There are household ceramic, with the usual table ware and several vessels for the food preparation 6 and cooking, and ceramics related to work contexts functions either in pottery workshop or in other activities such as fishing. The studied potteries were grouped according to the type of form and ranked according to their formal complexity; the names reflect the function that it would had as shown by known parallel. The collected data in this study allow us to infer what were in that period, the cultural influences, consumption habits and the economic context of the Roman pottery at Quinta do Rouxinol.

Tra la grande quantità di scarti ceramici rinvenuti sul sito della figlina di Crikvenica (Croazia), sono estremamente poco numerosi i reperti identificabili come tappi d'anfora. In questa sede si presenterà una breve rassegna del materiale, distinto per tipi, il quale, benché presenti analogie con altri siti, rimane di interpretazione abbastanza dubbia.