Right to Good Administration

Procesni sklep, s katerim je bila zavrnjena zahteva za izločitev uradne osebe, ni upravni akt, zaradi česar ni mogoče njegovo izpodbijanje v upravnem sporu. Sodno varstvo zoper tak sklep je mogoče v upravnem sporu zoper končno odločitev tožene stranke.

Procesni sklep, s katerim je bila zavrnjena zahteva za izločitev uradne osebe, ni upravni akt, zaradi česar ni mogoče njegovo izpodbijanje v upravnem sporu. Sodno varstvo zoper tak sklep je mogoče v upravnem sporu zoper končno odločitev tožene stranke.

Pojem opravičljivih razlogov za zamudo iz tretjega odstavka 238. člena Zakona o splošnem upravnem postopku (ZUP) zajema položaje, ko stranka brez svoje krivde ni mogla navesti novih dejstev in dokazov pred izdajo prvostopenjskega upravnega akta. Pri tej presoji se uporablja merilo povprečno skrbnega posameznika (pri pravnih osebah merilo dobrega gospodarstvenika) in ali bi se ta okoliščinam, ki so preprečevale seznanitev z dejstvi in dokazi, lahko izognil, je presodilo Vrhovno sodišče v sodbi v zadevi X Ips 45/2024 z dne 23. aprila 2025.

Procesni sklep, s katerim je bila zavrnjena zahteva za izločitev uradne osebe, ni upravni akt, zaradi česar ni mogoče njegovo izpodbijanje v upravnem sporu. Sodno varstvo zoper tak sklep je mogoče v upravnem sporu zoper končno odločitev tožene stranke.

RESUMEN: La pandemia sanitaria causada por el virus Covid-19 instauró un sistema de cita previa obligatoria que se mantiene actualmente en numerosas Administraciones Públicas para diversos y frecuentes trámites. Esta exigencia indiscriminada de cita previa está provocando que la ciudadanía, por la escasez de citas disponibles o la dificultad para solicitarlas, no pueda realizar sus trámites, hacer valer sus derechos o cumplir con sus obligaciones con las Administraciones Públicas. El presente artículo analiza si la cita previa obligatoria es conforme con el ordenamiento jurídico, si vulnera derechos de la ciudadanía, qué barreras adicionales genera para los administrados, especialmente para los colectivos vulnerables, y cuáles podrían ser las soluciones.

This article aims to determine when the national authorities have the obligation to comply with EU fundamental rights, in the framework of administrative procedures carried out in the EU Member States. It also aims to determine the legal remedies available at national level in the context of judicial review in case of violation, by the national authorities, of EU fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU or as general principles of EU law. To this end, this study explains the impact of the legally binding EU Charter on public administration of the Member States and the field of application of the EU Charter at national level. The article also deals with the distinction between EU fundamental rights as primary EU law guaranteed by the EU Charter and EU fundamental rights as general principles of EU law. With reference to the judicial remedies available to national courts, the study outlines the effects of EU law (primacy of EU law, direct effect, di...

Avtorica v magistrskem delu obravnava vpliv Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah na upravni postopek v državah članicah. V začetku prikaže razvoj varstva temeljnih pravic v okviru Skupnosti, zatem podrobneje predstavi temeljne značilnosti Listine ter povzame ugotovitve o uporabi Listine v državah članicah, ki izhajajo iz poročil o temeljnih pravicah Agencije Evropske unije za temeljne pravice. Že v začetnih poglavjih na relevantnih mestih opozori na prednosti in slabosti Listine, ki bi utegnile vplivati na upravni postopek. V nadaljevanju se posveti kritični obravnavi vpliva, ki ga imata na nacionalni upravni postopek dve najbolj procesno naravnani pravici iz Listine, in sicer pravica do dobrega upravljanja (41. člen Listine) in pravica do učinkovitega pravnega sredstva in nepristranskega sodišča (47. člen Listine). Nato na primerih iz sodne prakse Sodišča Evropske unije in nacionalnih sodišč prikaže, kako Listina vpliva na ugotovitveni postopek, obveznosti upravnih organov p...

With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union becomes legally binding. Among the rights it contains, art. 41 proclaims the right to good administration, concreted through several rights whose main application takes place in the administrative procedure. This article aims to provide an overview of the evolution and treatment of good administration in the European legal system, and to analyze the impact this constitutionalisation may have on the individuals’ rights in the administrative procedure.Con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa, la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea adquiere valor jurídico vinculante. Entre los derechos que contiene, el art. 41 proclama el derecho a una buena administración, concretándolo en una serie de derechos cuya principal aplicación tiene lugar en el procedimiento administrativo. En este artículo se pretende ofrecer una visión de conjunto sobre la evolución y tratamiento...

Migration across Europe is an increasing reality over the last number of decades, affecting countries with long histories of immigration as well as countries newer to the phenomenon. Although education remains a key factor in receiving and integrating migrants, policies and practices differ among countries. How contextual factors shape these differences is under-represented. This article reviews the top-level education policies on receiving Newly Arrived Migrant Students (NAMS) in six European countries -Belgium, Ireland, Malta, Norway, Portugal and Romania -in an attempt to fill this gap. Employing the European Commission four-dimensional framework of educational support for migrants, we examine how the context of each country shapes these policies. Findings are somewhat paradoxical, indicating both the contextual nature of top-level policies, and a trend towards policy homogenisation at a European level, despite very different national contexts.

A sociedade reconhece, a passos lentos, a necessidade de mudança dos parâmetros de bom governo adotados a partir da Revolução Industrial. Esta postura do Antropoceno é claramente autodestrutiva e exige da sociedade respostas imediatas, que têm sido difundidas por autores de renome, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Neste cenário, propõe-se, por meio do presente artigo, uma análise dos impactos da sustentabilidade no paradigma patrimonialista insaciável do Poder Público, como medida de identificar as principais mudanças a serem implementadas para a concretização dos direitos fundamentais a boa administração pública e ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Conclui-se que, a fim de possibilitar mudanças efetivas, é preciso conceber e promover uma interação constante entre crescimento econômico, desenvolvimento humano e respeito ao meio ambiente, a partir da abertura do Poder Público para a realidade subjacente. Para tanto, a Administração Pública necessita promover a reforma do paradigma patrimonialista vigente no século XXI, a partir de um viés sustentável. Como esforço inadiável, identifica-se o imediato treinamento dos recursos humanos com vistas a suplantar a cultura jurídica vigente e viabilizar o direito ao futuro, por meio da preocupação real com a preservação e promoção do meio ambiente saudável, para as atuais e futuras gerações. Nessa linha, constata-se que o Direito Administrativo deve se apropriar da realidade, deixando de lado o modelo rígido e fechado ultrapassado em prol de uma concepção sistêmica de administração pública, mais flexível e aberta, influenciada pela teoria dos direitos fundamentais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa pura, qualitativa, exploratória, documental e bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Direito Administrativo. Direito fundamental à boa administração pública ou bom governo. Meio ambiente. Cultura jurídica. Sustentabilidade.

This article aims to determine when the national authorities have the obligation to comply with EU fundamental rights, in the framework of administrative procedures carried out in the EU Member States. It also aims to determine the legal remedies available at national level in the context of judicial review in case of violation, by the national authorities, of EU fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU or as general principles of EU law. To this end, this study explains the impact of the legally binding EU Charter on public administration of the Member States and the field of application of the EU Charter at national level. The article also deals with the distinction between EU fundamental rights as primary EU law guaranteed by the EU Charter and EU fundamental rights as general principles of EU law. With reference to the judicial remedies available to national courts, the study outlines the effects of EU law (primacy of EU law, direct effect, di...

This article aims to determine when the national authorities have the obligation to comply with EU fundamental rights, in the framework of administrative procedures carried out in the EU Member States. It also aims to determine the legal remedies available at national level in the context of judicial review in case of violation, by the national authorities, of EU fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU or as general principles of EU law. To this end, this study explains the impact of the legally binding EU Charter on public administration of the Member States and the field of application of the EU Charter at national level. The article also deals with the distinction between EU fundamental rights as primary EU law guaranteed by the EU Charter and EU fundamental rights as general principles of EU law. With reference to the judicial remedies available to national courts, the study outlines the effects of EU law (primacy of EU law, direct effect, di...

Sommario L'obiettivo di questo articolo è quello di descrivere lo sviluppo di un questionario per identificare bisogni in relazione all'inclusione sociale di alunni immigrati e rifugiati nelle scuole primarie all'interno del progetto europeo Lend a Hand-Social inclusion programming for migrant and refugee children at primary schools. In questo articolo vengono presentati i risultati della somministrazione del questionario nei tre paesi inclusi nel progetto, Turchia, Italia, e Portogallo. I risultati di questo studio permettono di focalizzare i bisogni e delineare raccomandazione per i policy maker in relazione all'inclusione di alunni immigrati. Parole chiave inclusione sociale; alunni immigrati/rifugiati; scuola primaria; analisi dei bisogni. Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a questionnaire to identify needs in relation to social inclusion of immigrant and refugee students in primary schools within the European project Lend a Hand-Social inclusion programming for migrant and refugee children at primary schools. In this article the results of the administration of the questionnaire in the three countries involved in the project Turkey, Italy and Portugal, were presented. The results of this study allow us to pinpoint needs and also outline recommendations for policy makers in relation to the inclusion of immigrant children.

This article aims to determine when the national authorities have the obligation
to comply with EU fundamental rights, in the framework of administrative
procedures carried out in the EU Member States. It also aims to
determine the legal remedies available at national level in the context of
judicial review in case of violation, by the national authorities, of EU fundamental
rights guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
EU or as general principles of EU law. To this end, this study explains the
impact of the legally binding EU Charter on public administration of the
Member States and the field of application of the EU Charter at national
level. The article also deals with the distinction between EU fundamental
rights as primary EU law guaranteed by the EU Charter and EU fundamental
rights as general principles of EU law. With reference to the judicial
remedies available to national courts, the study outlines the effects of
EU law (primacy of EU law, direct effect, direct application) in relation to
the EU fundamental rights and the measures that can be adopted by the
national courts when the action of the national administrative authorities
is not compatible with EU fundamental rights. Finally, the article presents
the most important findings concerning judicial protection of EU fundamental
rights at the national level, especially from the perspective of the
right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial stipulated by Article 47 of
the EU Charter.

RESUMO
A sociedade reconhece, a passos lentos, a necessidade de mudança dos parâmetros de bom governo adotados a partir da Revolução Industrial. Esta postura do Antropoceno é claramente autodestrutiva e exige da sociedade respostas imediatas, que têm sido difundidas por autores de renome, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Neste cenário, propõe-se, por meio do presente artigo, uma análise dos impactos da sustentabilidade no paradigma patrimonialista insaciável do Poder Público, como medida de identificar as principais mudanças a serem implementadas para a concretização dos direitos fundamentais a boa administração pública e ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Conclui-se que, a fim de possibilitar mudanças efetivas, é preciso conceber e promover uma interação constante entre crescimento econômico, desenvolvimento humano e respeito ao meio ambiente, a partir da abertura do Poder Público para a realidade subjacente. Para tanto, a Administração Pública necessita promover a reforma do paradigma patrimonialista vigente no século XXI, a partir de um viés sustentável. Como esforço inadiável, identifica-se o imediato treinamento dos recursos humanos com vistas a suplantar a cultura jurídica vigente e viabilizar o direito ao futuro, por meio da preocupação real com a preservação e promoção do meio ambiente saudável, para as atuais e futuras gerações. Nessa linha, constata-se que o Direito Administrativo deve se apropriar da realidade, deixando de lado o modelo rígido e fechado ultrapassado em prol de uma concepção sistêmica de administração pública, mais flexível e aberta, influenciada pela teoria dos direitos fundamentais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa pura, qualitativa, exploratória, documental e bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Direito Administrativo. Direito fundamental à boa administração pública ou bom governo. Meio ambiente. Cultura jurídica. Sustentabilidade.
ABSTRACT
Society is slowly recognizing the need to change the parameters of good governance adopted since the Industrial Revolution. This posture of the Anthropocene is clearly self-destructive and demands from society immediate responses, which have been disseminated by renowned authors from different areas of knowledge. In this scenario, it is proposed, through this article, an analysis of the impacts of sustainability on the insatiable patrimonialist paradigm of the Government, as a measure to identify the main changes to be implemented for the realization of fundamental rights to good public administration and the environment. environmentally balanced environment. It is concluded that, in order to enable effective change, it is necessary to conceive and promote a constant interaction between economic growth, human development and respect for the environment, from the opening of the Government to the underlying reality. Therefore, the Public Administration needs to promote the reform of the patrimonialist paradigm in force in the 21st century, based on a sustainable bias. As an unavoidable effort, we identify the immediate training of human resources in order to supersede the current legal culture and enable the right to the future, through the real concern with the preservation and promotion of the healthy environment, for present and future generations. In this line, it is clear that the Administrative Law must appropriate reality, leaving aside the rigid and closed model outdated in favor of a more flexible and open systemic conception of public administration, influenced by the theory of fundamental rights. It is a pure, qualitative, exploratory, documentary and bibliographical research.

Avrupa Hukukunda iyi idare ilkesi, kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarıyla muhatap olan birey bakımından birden çok hakkı içeren şemsiye bir ilke mahiyetindedir. Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı'nın 41. maddesi, tüketici olmayan bir liste ile (idareye) makul sürede idari işlem tesis etme yükümlülüğü tazammun etmiştir. Bilindiği üzere, 'iyi' bir idari işlem, hızlı ve kesindir ve iyi bir idare, bireylerin başvurularına belirlenen sürede cevap veren bir teşekküldür. Bireyin başvurusunu cevapsız bırakmak, bir nevi bir tarafın bir diğeri üzerinde tipik bir üstünlük kurma aracıdır. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada yürürlükteki İtalyan mevzuatında iyi idare ilkesinin uygulaması, bu ilkenin en önemli unsurlarından biri olan makul sürede cevap verme yükümlülüğü açısından incelenmektedir. İtalyan kanun koyucu, idarenin hareketsizliğine karşı farklı aşamalar için çeşitli hukuki yollar -örneğin çoğunlukla zımni kabul müessesesi- öngörmesine rağmen, idare- nin takdir yetkisine dayanarak tesis ettiği işlemler bakımından bu mekanizmanın iyi idare ilkesiyle bağdaşmadığı görülmektedir. Bu kurum daha ziyade idari faaliyetten etkilenen ilgililere belirlenen sürede sarih bir idari işlem tesisini sağlamaktadır. Yazılı ve sarih bir idari işlem, hiç kuşkusuz başvurucunun idari işlemin varlığına ilişkin şüphelerini ortadan kaldıran en iyi yol olmaya devam edecektir .
Abstract
Right to good administration in European law represent an umbrella principle that involves many rights for individuals dealing with public institutions and bodies. Article 41 of the Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union includes in its non-exhaustive enumeration the duty to take a decision in a reasonable time limit. As it is well known, “good” decision is a prompt and certain decision and a good administration is an institution that timely respond to the applications of its citizens. Leaving a person in the ignorance on the dossier outcome is a typical device of supremacy of one subject over the other. To this end, this paper aims to analyse the implementation of the right to good administration in Italian legislation with regards to one of its most significant elements: the right to have a timely decision from public administration. Despite the various remedies provided in different stages by Italian legislator against administrative inaction, mostly through the i.e. tacit consent institute, nonetheless when discretionary measures are involved this mechanism seems not in line with the fundamental right to good administration that instead requires for persons affected by the administration’s activities to have an express act in due time. A written, explicit measure definitively rests the best way to vanish doubts about the existence of a decision and uncertainties around its motivations.

My paper, presented after the signing of the Lisbon Treaty and updated upon its coming into effect, recalls that the aim of the Charter of Fundamental Rights is to strengthen the protection of fundamental right and argues that social rights are full-fledged fundamental rights according to ECJ case law and the Charter. It criticises the amendments to the Charter’s general provisions and Preamble, as introduced by the European Convention and the 2004 IGC and maintained by the Lisbon Treaty. These amendments, which were aimed at restricting the Charter`s scope and effects by, inter alia, excluding the direct effect of “principles” and reducing their invocability, cannot alter the Charter`s aim nor the well-established constitutional nature and effects of fundamental rights. The paper refers to ECJ case law invoking the Charter even before it acquired a binding, primary law, status, including the Viking and Laval cases, which it criticises, and the Kadi case, which reaffirmed the constitutional nature and direct effect of fundamental rights and principles. It calls for information of individuals about their rights and vigilance for their protection.
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Mon papier, présenté après la signature du traité de Lisbonne et mis à jour lors de sa mise en vigueur, rappelle que l’objectif de la Charte des droits fondamentaux est de renforcer la protection des droits fondamentaux et soutient que les droits sociaux sont des droits fondamentaux à part entière selon la Cour de justice et la Charte. Il critique les modifications apportées aux dispositions générales et au préambule de la Charte par la Convention européenne et la CIG de 2004 et maintenues par le traité de Lisbonne. Ces modifications qui visaient à restreindre la portée et les effets de la Charte, notamment par l’exclusion de l’effet direct des «principes» et la réduction de leur invocabilité, ne peuvent altérer l’objectif de la Charte ni la nature constitutionnelle et l’effet direct des droits fondamentaux. Référence est faite à la jurisprudence de la Cour évoquant la Charte même avant qu’elle obtienne le statut contraignant de droit primaire, y compris les arrêts Viking et Laval qui sont critiqués et l’arrêt Kadi qui a réaffirmé le caractère constitutionnel et l’effet direct des droits et des principes fondamentaux. Il est fait appel à l’information des particuliers sur leurs droits et à la vigilance pour leur protection.

In this paper it is studied the effective international judicial protection and the practical problems that arise from the jurisprudence. In addition, it is addressed the balancing exercise that must be done by the ECJ between the rights of access to justice of the plaintiff and the rights of defense of the defendant. The interpretation of the European Union's rules depends on its solution.

The current political climate provides fertile ground for toxic narratives that turn immigrants into convenient scapegoats. But such communities also present an enormous opportunity, and more can be done to capitalise fully on their potential. By highlighting both promising practices and shortcomings in Member State efforts to foster participation by migrants and their descendants, this report aims to encourage determined and effective action towards building a Europe that is truly inclusive, rights-based and fair.
This report examines Member States’ integration policies and action plans for promoting their participation in society, focusing on non-discrimination, education, employment, language learning and political engagement.