Refugees Issues

In 2018, 68.5 million people fled their homes, the highest number of refugees since World War II. The displacement of more than six million Syrians escaping their war-torn country is one of the most urgent refugee crises that the world currently faces. As with other refugee flows, the great majority of Syrian refugees seeks shelter and safety in Syria's neighboring countries. Facilitating such 'reception in the region' has become the cornerstone of the international community's

In 2018, 68.5 million people fled their homes, the highest number of refugees since World War II. The displacement of more than six million Syrians escaping their war-torn country is one of the most urgent refugee crises that the world currently faces. As with other refugee flows, the great majority of Syrian refugees seeks shelter and safety in Syria's neighboring countries. Facilitating such 'reception in the region' has become the cornerstone of the international community's

In comparison with other regional host countries Lebanon's response to the Syrian refugee crisis is characterized by a remarkable degree of institutional ambiguity. Government policy has centered on the prohibition of formal refugee camps and adopted regulations with regard to registration, residence, and work which drive refugees into illegality. This is partly the result of the chaotic and overwhelming nature of any refugee crisis, which is only reinforced by the Lebanese government's limited resources and capacities and the country's dysfunctional political system. However, institutional ambiguity in the context of the Lebanese response to the Syrian refugee crisis is not merely contingent. Departing from agnotology theory, this article demonstrates that there is also a strategic component to the institutional ambiguity that now determines the life of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. On the basis of fieldwork among Syrian refugee communities, elaborate policy analysis, and an extensive literature review the article reveals the political utility of maintaining uncertainty and precariousness. These insights have profound implications for the analysis of refugee politics and the formulation of policy recommendations.

The Building Futures research project provides the most comprehensive assessment of the skills, training needs, work aspirations, lived experiences, and ethical perspectives of young Syrian forced migrants as they attempt to rebuild their lives in three host countries: a neighbouring host state (Lebanon), the main entry point to Europe (Greece), and a north European destination state (the United Kingdom -UK). It is also the first to offer a parallel exploration of the attitudes of host populations towards the displaced people in their midst in the respective countries. It is run by an interdisciplinary research team with expertise spanning economics, education and training, ethics, migration studies, political philosophy, political science, and sociology, and in cooperation with partners SolidarityNow (Greece), Educart -the Center for Educational Consultation and Research (Lebanon) and the Scottish Refugee Council (UK). The research findings are derived from face-to-face interviews with 1,516 Syrian international protection beneficiaries and applicants, aged between 18 and 32. The fieldwork was conducted in Lebanon (532 interviews), Greece (500 interviews) and the UK (484 interviews) between April and October 2017, by trained researchers and with the support of our partners. This first project report mainly focusses on this part of the fieldwork, exploring experiences, skills, training needs and work aspirations of young, forcibly displaced Syrians and their implications for policy. The second part of our fieldwork sought to capture the corresponding attitudes of citizens in the three host states, Lebanon, Greece and the UK. Representative surveys of home populations in the three countries, administered between October 2017 and April 2018, provided data on citizens' aspirations and ideals, attitudes to refugees, and priorities for refugee policies. A full analysis of this part of the project is included in a final report, currently in preparation. Indeed, although this report is based on our survey with young refugees, the Building Futures project gives equal attention to the attitudes and preferences of citizens. Its overarching aim is to help overcome the perceived antagonism between the two groups, citizens and refugees, and promote consensus and cross-community understanding in a context of strained public resources and antiimmigration sentiment.

Twenty-one years after the Oslo Accords were signed, Israel’s occupation is more deeply entrenched than ever and will not easily be undone. Through a range of policies, the international community has compensated for breaches of Israel’s obligations as an occupying power. Consequently, Israelis lack incentives to alter dangerous practices because their costs are borne by others. Rather than blithely supporting additional rounds of aimless talks, the international community should undertake a coherent and sustained effort to help Palestinians secure their fundamental rights by (1) clarifying the legal obligations not only of Israel and the Palestinians, but also of third states by requesting a new International Court of Justice opinion, undertaking routine legal impact assessments of donor programmes and appealing to Israel to formally recognise Palestinians’ right to self-determination; (2) revisiting policies that help perpetuate the occupation and establishing tangible incentives ...

The Rohingya people have sought refuge in Bangladesh following decades of ethnic and religious persecution in Myanmar. After the mass exodus in August 2017, Bangladesh launched emergency repatriation initiatives. In November 2017, Bangladesh and Myanmar reached a preliminary agreement on repatriation, despite widespread concerns from human rights organisations. This article examines the stalled repatriation of Rohingya refugees by analysing diplomatic challenges, regional geopolitical dynamics, and potential solutions. Using a qualitative approach and secondary sources, the study explores how geopolitical tensions, Myanmarʼs unwillingness to ensure safe returns, and security concerns have blocked progress. These factors have contributed to deteriorating conditions in the refugee camps, including overcrowding, increased crime, and a sharp decline in international aid. The ongoing crisis has exacerbated Bangladesh while economic and security burdens, while regional powers such as China and India continue to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian responsibilities. Thus, the present study from a policy standpoint advocates for greater diplomatic pressure on Myanmar, stronger regional cooperation, and the development of a comprehensive refugee policy. Furthermore, empowering Rohingya refugees through education and economic opportunities can mitigate security risks while fostering sustainable repatriation models. Additionally, third-country resettlement and international burden-sharing must be prioritised to achieve long-term and dignified solutions.

Prvi deo monografije posvećen je definisanju izbeglica i utvrđivanju izbegličkog statusa. U prvom poglavlju ovog dela autor veoma detaljno objašnjava definiciju izbeglice sadržanu u pomenutoj Konvenciji o statusu izbeglica. U drugom poglavlju prvog dela autor se bavi utvrđivanjem izbegličkog statusa. Pošto Konvencija ne sadrži eksplicitne odredbe o proceduri za utvrđivanje izbegličkog statusa, u njemu su, uglavnom, analizirana pravila „mekog prava” kreirana od strane UNHCR-a i relevantna doktrinarna shvatanja. U drugom delu monografije analizirane su odredbe Konvencije koje iz njenog domašaja isključuju neke osobe koje inače imaju sve karakteristike izbeglica (tzv. isključujuće klauzule). Nakon uvodnih napomena, autor najpre govori o isključenju osoba kojima izbeglička zaštita nije potrebna. Nakon toga pažnja se usmerava na osobe koje iz nekog razloga ne zaslužuju izbegličku zaštitu (čl. 1F Konvencije). Na kraju, sledi razmatranje posledica isključenja izbegličkog statusa i upoređenje sa izuzecima od principa non-refoulement. Treći, najobimniji deo monografije za predmet istraživanja ima pravni tretman izbeglica, tj. analizu njihovih prava i obaveze. U uvodnim napomenama tog dela autor objašnjava da krug prava koje izbeglice uživaju zavisi od stepena njihove vezanosti za državu utočišta, navodeći da postoje tri stepena te vezanosti: 1) puko fizičko prisustvo; 2) zakonito prisustvo; i 3) dozvoljeni boravak. Tom prilikom predstavljeni su i standardi za uživanje pojedinih prava koja pripadaju izbeglicama shodno njihovom statusu („standard običnog stranca”, „standard najpovlašćenijeg stranca”, „standard nacionalnog tretmana” i „standard apsolutne zaštite”). Posle ovih uvodnih i opštih napomena, sledi analiza pojedinih prava izbeglica. Pri tome, ona nisu klasifikovana na tradicionalan način (građanska, politička, ekonomska, socijalna i kulturna), niti po standardima predviđenim za njihovo uživanje, već je primenjen kriterijum vezanosti izbeglice za državu utočišta. Poslednji deo monografije posvećen je prestanku izbegličkog statusa. U okviru prvog poglavlja proučavaju se načini prestanka izbegličkog statusa usled nestanka potrebe za izbegličkom zaštitom (tzv. klauzule o prestanku). U drugom poglavlju analiziraju se poništavanje i ukidanje izbegličkog statusa, kada do njegovog prestanka dolazi i pre nastupanja uslova za primenu neke od klauzula o prestanku.

Your hle Vofre reterenw Our IMe Noire ret4ience L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant à la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de cette thèse sous la forme de microfiche/filrn, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.

The legal regulation of trans-Mediterranean migrations from a comparative public law perspective. The cases of Tunisia and Morocco This article examines the evolution of immigration law in Tunisia and Morocco, providing a significant viewpoint for comparative legal studies on the circulation of legal models and forms of State. Tunisia's and Morocco's immigration law, as a complex field influenced by diverse internal and external factors, will be studied in three aspects: the multiple forms of belonging and solidarity (based on markers of identity alternative to national citizenship); the pressures from the European Union on transit countries within border externalization policies; and the influence of political regime and form of State. Interdisciplinary research, incorporating political science and critical migration studies into comparative legal analysis, proves to be crucial for a comprehensive understanding of immigration law, especially in post-colonial Global South contexts.

The government of Nepal has earned a lot from remittances. Even after the peace pact between the state and the Maoists, large numbers of Nepalis are still suffering from conflict in Nepal. There are nine armed groups still waging a struggle in the southern plains for ethnic and regional autonomy, inclusive participation along with the right to self-determination, and their hidden motto is for secession from Nepal. The People's War focused on specific institutions or individuals but now the conflict is wider spread. Both the Government of Nepal and those of the countries where Nepalis are living and working should provide humane assistance to them by recognizing and protecting their basic rights. Asylum seekers should receive support not only because of the UN Conventions and National Instruments, but also on humanitarian grounds, for which the globe should be a common house, without any frontiers to all.

The implication of these scenarios lies in their fundamental contradiction with the primary objective of the assessment, which is to safeguard UNRWA. They treat the agency’s collapse as an inevitable conclusion and outline the pathways through which UNRWA can be dismantled. Therefore, the rejection of these scenarios is not only based on impractical grounds, but more importantly, because they contradict UNRWA’s founding mandate and international law.

International concern for the human rights of Afghan women has spiked since the Taliban consolidated power in Afghanistan in fall 2021. Yet little is known about how to effectively advocate for women's human rights under this new context. We present findings from a random sample of all adult Afghan internet users' attitudes toward peace, security, gender, and human rights and find significant support for women's human rights as a national priority within Afghanistan, even when controlling for other priorities and even among many men and women aligned with the Taliban. Given that men now have much more political power in Afghan society to protect women's rights, we paid particular attention to men's attitudes toward women's human rights. Our evidence from an embedded survey experiment, building on earlier literature from other countries, demonstrates that fathers of eldest daughters are particularly likely to favor prioritizing women's rights when primed to think about the gender of their eldest children. Thus, the human rights and humanitarian community should spend more time and attention engaging with this demographic, and specifically creating marketing and advocacy strategies that encourage men to think about or act on behalf of their eldest daughters.

A review of the literature shows that refugees in different parts of the world have high rates of psychological and emotional problems. However, psychiatric morbidity among Afghan refugees in Pakistan has been poorly studied. Most of the studies of psychiatric disorders come from western countries. However, these studies may not be representative of the Afghan refugees in Pakistan. This study was carried out to measure psychiatric morbidity among a group of Afghan refugees attending a psychiatric clinic in Peshawar, Pakistan. This is a cross sectional study, to measure prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the residents of Afghan refugee camps in Peshawar, Pakistan, who attended a psychiatric clinic between November 2003 and February 2004. Data were collected using Mini International neuropsychiatry Interview Schedule (MINI), and a form specifically developed for the study. Nearly 80% of our patients had a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Nearly half (47.9%) reported...

UNRWA is one of the largest UN programs today. Since its inception nearly seventy-five years ago, it has provided relief and humanitarian aid in one of the most complex geopolitical arenas in the world. Nevertheless, the Agency has attracted considerable criticism within the last few decades. Arguably, the Agency has become deeply involved in Middle Eastern politics in a way that might overshadow any substantive accomplishments. Recently, following the Israel-Hamas war that began following the events of October 7, 2023, UNRWA's involvement with the Hamas terror organization became increasingly evident. It is, therefore, the appropriate time to consider the recent developments in UNRWA's controversial practices and trends. This paper reviews the main areas of criticism regarding UNRWA's actual performance and policies, as well as the legal-institutional and political factors that have combined to bring about the current situation, which calls, in particular, for awareness and action on the part of UNRWA's donor countries.

Differential Attainment Healthcare professionals are among the most respected, valued members in any society- and also the most regulated. It attracts some of the most talented, innovative and resilient individuals who are keen to do good. Respect, job satisfaction and autonomy are fundamental to the experience of any professional, and often valued above financial or material reward. Doctors are no different. Education and training of the healthcare workforce is a lengthy and resource intense process. No nation-state can be truly self-sufficient. Hence workforce migration is a reality where various pull and push factors lead to professionals moving across countries and continents, in the service of populations. Society is divided along many lines and steeped with structural inequalities. Many of these are the result of thousands of years of history, legacy and societal wrongs. Healthcare services and professionals reflect similar patterns of the 'big society'. The phenomenon...

Nowadays, popular music artists from a wide range of cultures perform in English alongside other local languages. This phenomenon questions the coexistence of different languages within local music practices. In this article, I argue that we cannot fully understand this issue without addressing the sacred dimension of language in popular music, which entails two aspects: 1) the transitory experience of an ideal that challenges intelligibility, and 2) the entanglement with social norms and institutions. Further to which, I compare Latin hegemony during the Middle Ages and the contemporary French popular music, where English and French coexist in a context marked by globalisation and ubiquitous digital technologies. The case of the Middle Ages shows that religious control over Latin led to a massive unintelligible experience of ritual singing, which reflected a strong class divide and created a demand for music rituals in vernacular languages. In the case of contemporary French popula...

The plight of refugees and asylum seekers has been a trending issue of critical importance for social workers in Indonesia. At the end of February 2018, the public was overwhelmed by mass media coverage of the large number of refugees living on the streets in front of the Immigration Office in Jakarta. Their existence needs to be noticed by the government in particular and all parties in general. In fact, many of the difficulties experienced by refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia, but the most felt is due to the issue of legal status and limitations in the language of communication, they can not access public services such as health care, education, work, and others. The plight of them must necessarily be a very important concern for social workers in Indonesia, as it may create new social problem. Social workers work to uphold the dignity of all those refugees and asylum seekers including unaccompanied minors (UAM) and to work with them for successful social functioning. This ...

The purpose of this research study is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on refugee parents and on their children’s education in Winnipeg. This study also examines what forms of social capital are utilized or missing for refugee families to mitigate the stressors they face. Finally, this study offers recommendations to support and empower refugee families.

Since the start of its operations in May 1950, UNRWA has become the flagship of United Nations (UN) efforts to cater for the basic needs of the Palestine refugees in the Near East. Its services currently encompass primary and vocational/technical education, primary health care, relief and social services, infrastructure and camp improvement, microfinance, and emergency response in situations of armed conflicts. For the refugees, UNRWA's mandate has also represented the symbol of the United Nation's (NU) commitment to ultimately reach a just and durable solution to their predicament. Recent political developments and funding cuts have sparked debates around UNRWA's mandate and activities: what is the exact nature of UNRWA's mandate: is it a humanitarian or development agency? To what extent have its activities succeeded in meeting their objectives? How is UNRWA regarded by the refugees, 75 years after its creation?

Across modern history, refugees have articulated their experiences and wishes against the backdrop of mass displacement brought about by world wars, civil war, revolution, population exchange, decolonisation, and state formation. Men and women displaced in different sites, from different backgrounds, and at different times have played for high stakes: they deliberated about what to say and to whom, and they sought, expected, and effected a response. Refugee Voices in Modern Global History places refugees at the centre of modern history. It demonstrates how ordinary refugees understood their experiences of displacement and engaged with institutions that sought 'solutions' to their predicament. Ranging widely across global contexts to establish what refugees had to say and to whom, it shows them to have consistently been purposeful actors, making it possible to transcend conventional and hackneyed depictions of 'crisis'. By adopting the term 'refugeedom' the authors show how the voices and perspectives of refugees can be incorporated alongside the power dynamics associated with the multiple incarnations of the refugee regime that 'managed' refugees and articulated 'solutions' to their predicament. Extensive archival research across three continents makes it possible to explain in comparative terms the significance attached to the encounters between refugees and officials in modern Europe, South Asia, the Middle East, East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. The result is an original and in-depth study of the contrasting responses of refugees to displacement and to the arrangements made on their behalf at a series of critical junctures in the past.

Our chosen welfare measure is the SRSS (Status Resolution Support Service Program). This program provides assistance and support services to asylum seekers who are awaiting a government decision on their visa application/s. All asylum seekers coming into Australia must apply for a particular visa, Bridging Visa E. If/when the Bridging Visa E is granted the asylum seeker recipient is then permitted to live and work within the community. Whilst the Bridging Visa E is granted very quickly, the subsequent Visa application process can be slow. Visa types other than Bridging Visa E include Humanitarian Visas (indefinite), Temporary Protection Visa (3 years) or a Safe Haven Enterprise Visa (5 years).

Over the past years, the concept of "migration diplomacy" has developed to become a fundamental challenge for many countries, especially the European Union. "Migration diplomacy" can be defined as a policy used by states when their position becomes strategic in the global migration system in pursuit of political or economic goals.[i] Countries such as Turkey, Morocco, and Tunisia have benefited from this strategy to achieve financial and economic goals and alleviate the criticism they face regarding restrictions on public freedoms and rights. The announcement by the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, of aid worth one billion euros in support of Lebanon's stability can be considered a success for the Lebanese government in implementing migration diplomacy, primarily since these funds are not associated with the implementation of economic, financial, and sectoral reforms. Many political groups criticized the European announcement made during the recent visit of the President of the Commission to Beirut, accompanied by the President of Cyprus. These political forces described the announcement as a bribe to the Lebanese government in exchange for displaced Syrians remaining in Lebanon. These figures and parties presented proposals for alternatives, such as fully opening the maritime borders and organizing travel across the sea for those wishing to go to Europe. However, a fundamental question remained absent, and it is time to ask it: Was Lebanon initially preparing for a safe, organized, and dignified return of displaced Syrians, and did the European bribe disrupt this process? Or are all political forces, with all their differences and diversities, still running since 2011 in a vicious circle based on mixing slogans, concerns, principles, and humanitarian commitments? In trying to answer the previous questions, let us quickly return to the recent years. Since 2011, Lebanon, with its multiple sectarian and party formations, has witnessed sharp divisions over the way to deal with the Syrian displacement crisis. At the same time, many initiatives attempted to find common denominators to address how the official state institutions, including central and decentralized authorities, should deal with waves of displacement exceeding one and a half million people.

Οι διαδικαστικές εγγυήσεις κατά την εξέταση της αίτησης χορήγησης ασύλου υπό το πρίσμα τεσσάρων αποφάσεων του γαλλικού Συμβουλίου της Επικρατείας
Διαδικαστικές εγγυήσεις κατά την κοινοποίηση πρόσκλησης για προσωπική συνέντευξη- δικαίωμα παράστασης με δικηγόρο- προστασία της ευαλωτότητας του αιτούντος άσυλο και διαδικασία παροχής προσωπικής συνέντευξης – αρχή της εμπιστευτικότητας των πληροφοριών που συνδέονται με το άσυλο και δυνατότητα επανεξέτασης
Ελλυχνίων όζειν τα ενθυμήματα

The object of this paper is the Eritrean diasporic community and its organization, experiences, and perspectives in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The aim is to obtain a broad understanding the of the Eritrean refugees and asylum seekers which immigrated between 2015 and 2019, their relation with the community already constructed in BadenWürttemberg with a special focus on transnational issues. The connection between religious and placemaking, long-distance nationalism, sense of belonging and the engagement in the homeland are essential spotlights in the case study of the Eritrean diaspora for this research. The thesis finds that the Eritrean community which arrived since the beginning of the “summer of migration” are based in the placemaking through the religion in Baden-Württemberg, but also maintaining strong ties with the homeland. This research can contribute to the understanding of the object studied, serving as the basis for future researches related to the Eritrean global diasp...

This research paper explores the multifaceted dimensions of the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh, analyzing its regional implications and international responses. It is intended for academic and educational purposes. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, readers are encouraged to provide constructive feedback to improve the quality of the work. Suggestions and corrections will be sincerely appreciated.

Externalization happens when countries "extend" their borders beyond their territorial limits. While existing literature on it focuses on the "Global North", similar practices in the "Global South" are understudied and implemented differently, with a greater use of visas as a hidden type of externalization strategy. Little is known on whether these practices are racially determined. We partly fill this gap; focusing on Brazil, we demonstrate how it uses humanitarian visas for Haitians and family reunification visas for Sub-Saharan African refugees as an externalization strategy to control the (forced) migration of black forced migrants to Brazil. We draw from thematic analysis of legislation, minutes from official meetings, interviews with stakeholders and diplomatic archival research. We show that, despite its "liberal" migration policy, Brazil's visa policies instead function as a hidden externalization strategy, operating as a metaphorical "racial wall of visas", keeping mainly black (forced) migrants out, preventing them from receiving protection.

fr e ely a v ail a bl e o nli n e a n d c a n b e r e a d , d o w nlo a d e d a n d c o pi e d fo r n o nc o m m e r ci al p riv a t e s t u dy o r r e s e a r c h p u r p o s e s . Pl e a s e c h e c k t h e m a n u s c ri p t fo r a n y fu r t h e r c o py ri g h t r e s t ri c tio n s. Fo r m o r e info r m a tio n, in cl u di n g o u r p olicy a n d s u b mi s sio n p r o c e d u r e , pl e a s e c o n t a c t t h e R e p o si to ry Te a m a t: u si r@ s alfo r d. a c. u k .

This study conceptualizes different teacher profiles and how they intersect with teacher management and teacher professional development policies and practices, what challenges arise as a result, and what needs to change in our collective efforts to strengthen teacher quality and workforce sustainability. The mixed-methods study combined interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis in three case study countries (Chad, Malaysia, and Uganda), and an online survey (across education actors in 16 different countries) to capture information from a diverse range of education actors.

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań nad strategiami adaptacyjnymi, przyjmowanymi przez Ukraińców przybywających do Polski od lutego 2022 roku. Autorzy wychodzą od przedstawienia podstawowych danych statystycznych opisujących obecność Ukraińców w Polsce, wskazując na ich niekompletność. Następnie zakreślają cele własnych badań oraz przedstawiają ich metodologię (indywidualne wywiady pogłębione), dokonując jednocześnie krytycznego przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, pochylając się zwłaszcza nad popularnym w badaniach migracyjnych i uchodźczych pojęciem akulturacji. Przedstawiono własną konceptualizację obecności społecznej Ukraińców w Polsce, opartą na przeprowadzonych wywiadach indywidualnych z osiadłymi w Polsce Ukraińcami.

The politics of identity is central to the current socio-political discourses. People, who have been left behind and oppressed historically by the majority culture, are struggling for their rights and recognition. Non-recognition or misrecognition is the denial of 'existence' in a sociological sense. The idea of identity emerged from the concept of authentic self; however, the collective sense of being has driven the wheel of politics of identity giving rise to multiculturalism. This article draws upon the theoretical insight of 'politics of recognition' developed by Charles Taylor and 'intercultural dialogue' propounded by Bhikhu Parekh in order to analyze how Sami and Rohingya communities engage in their endeavor for recognition and self-determination. The article argues that a collective sense of identity and intercultural dialogue are the remedies for historically oppressed group identity.

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This thesis is an attempt to highlight increasingly deeply rooted within the migration system procedures: the struggles of humanitarian applicants to integrate into Australia where their visa status resolution is marked by long delays and indefinite outcomes. The lack of defined entitlement to stay creates an uncertain status for people seeking refuge in Australia, espe-cially humanitarian applicants or more precisely, asylum seekers. This thesis explores uncer-tain statuses as increasing across the historical development of immigration legislation and policy – a dynamic driven by political and economic factors. It examines the long-term effects of the uncertain status on the individual and, consequently, upon the broader Australian com-munity.  Drawing from German experiences, the thesis argues for reforms what can minimise processing times and foster improved integration, resulting in better outcomes at the individual and community level.

Background: The majority of the current South Sudanese population in Australia arrived as refugees in the early 2000s, facing challenges related to dislocation, navigating a new culture while honouring their own own. Much of the research on the South Sudanese experience has been conducted in the early years after arrival, with resettlement stressors likely to influence narratives of identity as new immigrants.This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of identity among South Sudanese who are long-term residents of Australia after fleeing their birth country, migration, and re-building their lives.Methods: The qualitative study was underpinned by a phenomenological framework that characterised the experiences of study participants. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit Sydney-residing adults who arrived in Australia through its humanitarian refugee program 10 or more years ago and were born in South Sudan. Semi-structured interviews explored how participants i...

This article is part of our #LSEReturn series, exploring themes around Displacement and Return. In the wake of a democratic election in northern Uganda's Palabek Refugee camp, Charles Ogeno and Ryan O'Byrne interrogate what this new 'refugee governance' really means for those governed by it.

The role of collaborative research to support curriculum change is discussed, drawing on experiences with the Australian Adult Migrant English Program during a period of extensive change. The research undertaken was to assess the impact of competency-based curriculum on classroom practice and course design. The research project engaged 30 teacher-researchers with diverse perspectives in assessment of the changes' impact while, rather than after, they occurred. Because the researchers were in four territories, a network was established linking researchers, project organizers, and local coordinators. In the first phase, researchers documented their course planning and day-to-day decision-making in an ethnographic manner. In the second phase, themes were refined into four major research areas: selection and sequencing of content; integration of grammar teaching into task planning and classroom processes; conducting competency-based assessment; and documentation of learners' understanding of and responses to competency-based teaching. Researchers chose their research focus and data collection methods, and shared their findings in collaborative discussion. The method is found to contribute significantly to teacher-researchers' professional development. Anecdotal information and teacher comments illustrate the utility of the method. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education)

The history, scope, content, and strategies for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction in Australia, particularly in adult education, are summarized. The history of ESL instruction is traced from post-war immigration policies, through early provision for migrant education and introduction within postsecondary institutions and adult education programs. Currently, ESL programs are offered through the national Adult Migrant Education Program, postsecondary institutions, adult and community education programs, school districts, and higher education and private institutions. Program types include settlement, labor force development, community-based, vocational and workplace, and pre-college and college support programs. Curriculum development has evolved from a teacher-centered approach through local curriculum design, the communicative approach, emergence of decentralized curriculum support units, emphasis on vocational training, and competency-based instruction. A trend toward nationally standardized courses is noted. Contains eight references. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education)

Australia has often been called a nation of immigrants and like many countries in the world has experienced major intakes of settlers at various periods of its history. However, among immigrant-receiving nations, Australia is unique in providing newly arrived immigrants and refugees with settlement and second-language programs that have been nationally funded for over 50 years. At the broader level, adult English as a Second Language (ESL) programs have been influenced by Australian Government policies in immigration, language, competitive tendering and labour-market development. At the program level, development has been driven by the institutionalisation of outcomesbased curriculums and the application of sociolinguistic theories to language analysis, classroom delivery and resource development. This article provides an overview of major changes that have occurred to Australian adult ESL programs over the past two decades and what the future may hold.

Aim of the Study: The impact of diplomacy in settling the protracted and intricate Palestine-Israeli conflict is examined in this study. It seeks to evaluate the difficulties and achievements in historical, political, and social contexts as well as how diplomatic tactics have impacted attempts at conflict resolution. Understanding the role of diplomacy is crucial given the high stakes of this conflict, which has had a significant impact on international relations, economic development, and regional stability. 
Methodology: Using a structured questionnaire, the study used descriptive statistics to examine the opinions of 67 respondents, including government officials and postgraduate students involved in politics and diplomacy. A variety of opinions regarding the merits and drawbacks of diplomatic interventions in the PalestineIsraeli conflict are represented in the sample size, which was determined using Slovin's formula. SPSS software was used to analyze the data, and the results were clearly displayed in tables

Ce colloque international et interdisciplinaire, organisé par Dr. Tamar Barbakadze et Prof. Isaac Bazié, invite à examiner les imaginaires non dominants en Afrique et dans les Amériques, afin de repenser notre rapport à un monde en crises. Le dénominateur commun à ces imaginaires non dominants est qu’ils ont été soumis à des processus violents (crase, éradication, subordination etc.), dans des contextes de violences historiques liées entre autres à l’esclavage, les colonisations et l’implantation de structures d’exploitation économiques et politiques qui entravent leur expression. Se concentrer sur ces imaginaires devenus secondaires et subordonnés aux pratiques dominantes et canoniques permettra d’appréhender les défis mondiaux actuels dans de nouveaux langages et produire de nouveaux savoirs pour résoudre les crises en cours.

In research on public art, there is a tendency to link art's transformative potentialities to its temporal dimensions, namely duration, rhythm and the type of social relations they produce. However, beyond acknowledgement of what it might do, temporality received little conceptual attention. Using The Garden Library as a case study, this article foregrounds temporality as a theoretical and methodological framework to examine public art's performative and structural patterns. The Garden Library is a multilingual and cultural space for refugees and migrant workers founded by the art group Arteam in the southern neighbourhood Neve Sha'anan, Tel Aviv in 2009. This article traces the project's changing temporalities and considers how they create an inclusive time-space that is largely unavailable for the migrant communities living in Israel. It largely draws from art history and human geography scholarship to conceptualise time and temporality in relation to space, practice, and displacement and to further deepen our understating of the unique modes of knowledge and socio-political critique public art enables. The article also brings forth the entanglement of multiple oppressed temporalities, including native Palestinians and non-Jewish refugees, and reads the Garden Library against the background of Israel's settler-colonial and ethnocratic state. Centring temporality, therefore, has two goals. The first is to examine the usage of time, alongside space, as a control mechanism and to draw links between shared experiences of dislocation and dispossession that are often studied separately. The second is to amplify the occasional collisions and intersections of marginalised temporal landscapes, including that of the Mizrahi (Arab-Jews) working class residents of Neve Sha'anan, and the possibility of such moments to produce counter-temporalities that adjust and resist forms of spatio-temporal power.