Social Exclusion and Inclusion

Za pisanje doktorske disertacije je potrebne precej vztrajnosti, motivacije in odrekanja. V veliko uteho je, če se lahko na poti do končnega cilja opreš na pomembne posameznike. V ta namen bi se najprej rada iskreno zahvalila mentorici red. prof. dr. Tanji Rener za vso podporo, usmeritve in konstruktivne napotke. Prav tako se zahvaljujem članicama komisije za zagovor disertacije, red. prof. dr. Mirjani Ule in red. prof. dr. Vesni Leskošek, za kritične pripombe, ki so pripomogle k izboljšanju kakovosti disertacije. Obenem se zahvaljujem še vsem drugim, ki so kakor koli pripomogli k nastajanju tega dela, od tega še prav posebej Urbanu za vse uporabne nasvete, ki so ključno pripomogli h končni podobi disertacije. Za podporo in razumevanje hvala tudi moji družini in Mateju, mojemu možu, ki mu posvečam to nalogo.

In the era of globalization, teachers are the most cardinal actors in the
entire educational endeavour. Academic excellence of schools is
largely indicative of the performance level of the respective teaching
faculty. RTE act is provision which provide free and compulsory
primary education of equitable quality, based on principles of equity
and non-discrimination to all children in India. This act also laid down
various norms which are closely related to job satisfaction of teachers,
for instance norms regarding teacher pupil ratio, classroom teacher
ratio, negation of corporal punishment, work load on teachers etc. 
An analytical approach undertaking various aspects related to RTE act,
is necessary to understand and to resolve the issues of teachers
particularly related to teachers. Job satisfaction is a comprehensive
reaction towards various factors. In order to attain educational goals,
there is also a dire need to ascertain the job satisfaction of teachers.
Hence, this research study attempted to study the teachers‟ satisfaction
regarding various provisions of RTE Act. This study also endeavored to
make a comparative analysis between government and private school
teachers in relation to their satisfaction towards various provisions of
RTE act. 
Lack of infrastructure, teaching learning equipments and other
facilities, disproportion of pupil teacher ratios and classroom teachers
ration, problems faced due to negation of punishment and negation of
private tuition norms gives rise to teachers‟ dissatisfaction.
Better infrastructure, availability of proper teaching equipments, proper
implementation of pupil teachers‟ norms and classroom teachers‟
norms, additional staff for implementation of mid day meal program in
school  can open the gate way to more efficient people to adopt
teaching profession and to achieve long cherished educational goals in
India.

The more time I spend with Sophocles' Antigone, the more I have come to think of it as Sophocles' play about all the things that won't happen. On some level, this is not a unique feature in the world of Greek literature. The Iliad raises the possibility in book two that the Greek army might just depart. In book three, we are led to wonder whether perhaps Paris might lose his duel with Menelaus and die, with the result that Helen will go home and everyone else will survive. Book nine taunts us with the possibility that Achilles will keep letting the Trojans win until they seal the deal. Book sixteen offers the chance that Zeus will answer Achilles' prayer and not let Patroclus be killed and that Patroclus will remember Achilles' advice not to push on to Troy and will accordingly outlive the day. Book twenty-two raises the specter of hope that Hector will have the good sense to escape from Achilles' onslaught by slipping behind the walls of Troy. Possibilities all, briefly. But instead of anyone escaping through these little loopholes, each terrible thing happens the wretched way it happens. Each of these peaceful outcomes is unfolded before our eyes only to be crisply foreclosed. 1 And yet I think the Antigone goes still further than the Iliad in forcing us to grapple with the proximity of happy outcomes that will not come to pass. It is as if the work of the entire play

Trajectories of Female Migration Book Review INDIAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT is an open access peer reviewed journal. It serves as a platform to discuss and debate the relationship between population issues and sustainable development in the context of human well-being. INDIAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT publishes high quality research papers on different dimensions of population and development and their interrelationships in the contemporary context.

Gender inequality persists globally, but in India it presents unique complexities due deeply rooted entrenched patriarchal structure intersects with rapid economic development. This study compares women's empowerment across major Indian states using NFHS-5 (2019-21) data. It focuses on employment, decision making, and financial autonomy to highlight gender disparities. The Study highlights the uneven realization of women's economic and social agency. States like Tamil Nadu and Gujarat exhibit higher level female workforce participation, largely in nonagricultural sectors, correlating with greater cash earnings and increased decision-making power. In contrast, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh lag, with women primarily in low paid informal agricultural works and facing limited financial and social autonomy. Although financial inclusion initiative have increased women access to banking services and microcredit schemes, it does not inherently guarantee empowerment, as patriarchal norms and educational barriers often hinder true agency. Women's decision making autonomy remains uneven across states, Punjab and Haryana show higher rates of women's participation in critical household decisions, states such as Madhya Pradesh reflect significant exclusion. These findings advocate the need for state specific strategies to bridge gender, thereby advancing toward SDG 5's commitment to gender equality.

En este trabajo se analiza en qué condición se encuentran ciertos espacios urbanos segregados del Área Villa 15 (Ciudad Oculta) y Barrio INTA (Villa 19), ambas al Sur de CABA, cuya población enfrenta violación sistemática y estructural de sus derechos. El propósito del análisis es articular con la perspectiva del hábitat digno; generando asistencias, concurriendo hacia la participación, equidad e institucionalidad local. Vinculando el trabajo con expedientes, fomentando repercusiones estatales en materia de política urbana y mejoramiento habitacional Se considera al Hábitat Digno, como objetivo de una intervención integral, con la finalidad de englobar en una única noción a un conjunto de condiciones mínimas de vida, que deberían ser garantizadas a todos los hogares que las habitan, para avanzar hacia una mayor integración de la sociedad. En nuestra hipótesis consideramos que, partiendo de una demanda local con posibilidad de organización y estructuración en sus vínculos sociales, si se mancomuna un trabajo adecuado que combine dichas demandas por un lado, el relevamiento sociourbano y ambiental (vivienda y hábitat mediante informes técnicos, etc) y el abordaje jurídico en defensa de sus derechos vulnerados se está en mejores posibilidades de exigir al Estado una respuesta en políticas públicas, derechos humanos que se aproximen lo más posible a la concepción de vivienda adecuada y hábitat digno. Se contiene un enfoque transdisciplinar desde la articulación entre arquitectura, urbanismo (planeación urbana) y antropología social a fin de encontrar respuestas más armónicas en el acercamiento con y a partir del otro. Actuando desde un perfil mixturado, sensible, coherente con la necesidad de articular participativamente en campo villero, mixturando metodología cualitativa (observación participante, registros, entrevistas) con mensuras de terreno, relevamiento gráfico, análisis constructivo. Palabras claves: Hábitat Digno; Abordaje jurídico; Agendas locales; transformación; informes técnicos.

This chapter deals with the issue of inequalities by looking at the mechanisms of social inclusion and exclusion in the access to strategic resources, may them be natural, market networks, public policies, or social services.It examines this issue by analizing the ways in which the ejido, the key institution of the Mexican agrarian reform, structured these mechanisms during seven decades, as well as the effects that the 1992 legal change to the agrarian law had on its regulatory capacities in terms of local government and land ownership. The chapter considers the key role of the ejido in addressing structural inequalities, not only in reference to land raccess and productive organization, but also, in general, to its mediating role in providing “capabilities” (education, health, social and political networks) to rural dwellers. In particular, the paper looks at le logics of inclusion and exclusion in different "commons" (like natural resources, collective consumer goods such as drinking water, education and health services, electricity) and how these relate to local processes of sociopolitical construction and the institutionalisation of the ejido. To this end, it examines the relationships that the official rules and governing bodies of the ejido had with the private networks of economic and political patronage that operated before the land reform.

Inclusive education for children with disabilities is well documented in practice guidelines and well mentioned in laws and legal rights. The recent researches looking for the actual practices are although limited but also have not reached a significant evidence on its effectiveness status. This critical review gives a special focus on Inclusive education practice & on the importance for developing countries. In this review focus is on inclusive education. Several service delivery models are also suggested which are mentioned to give direction to future expected practices and which are already in the move in developed countries. Hereby, looking at the limitations seen in Inclusive education practices of developing countries, a corrective framework is mentioned. With this the barriers which give a negative feedback to inclusion approach can be counteracted. A slow obvious acceptance of Assistive technology aids would actually bring a wide belief on these practices and support learning of these children in regular classrooms with normal peers. Universal Design of Learning can bring wide difference in empowering education for every different disability. With 36 articles as reference for this review, concluding remarks also mention planning future researches to give positive real outlook to Inclusive practices worldwide.

This study examines the barriers to inclusive education faced by the students of tea garden communities in Bangladesh, who remain the most marginalized groups in accessing formal education. Despite government and non-government initiatives, these students continue to experience educational disadvantages especially formal education due to innumerable socioeconomic and cultural constraints. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining survey data from 100 students (primary and secondary levels), interviews with 10 teachers, and focus group discussion with 40 School Management Committee (SMC) and Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) members. Both statistical and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings reveal that poverty, social exclusion, marginalization, limited parental formal education, lack of awareness, inadequate schools, geographical isolation, poor living conditions, limited engagement or responsiveness of garden authorities, and behavioral challenges significantly hinder students' participation and achievement of tea garden children's education. The study recommends multi-stakeholder interventions, including improved wages and living conditions for tea workers, secondary and vocational education facilities within tea garden areas, teacher training on inclusive pedagogies, and active parental engagement programs. Such measures are important to bridging the existing disparities and ensuring inclusive education for tea garden children in Bangladesh.

espanolEn Brasil, la practica de la tortura se entrelaza profundamente con su propia historia. La literatura sobre el tema tuvo un mayor incremento en sus registros durante el Regimen Dictatorial (1964 a 1985). A pesar de la Constitucion brasilena de 1988, Brasil solo realiza esfuerzos para investigar los delitos de tortura de este periodo para cumplir con las disposiciones de las Naciones Unidas en 2011. En este escenario se creo la Comision Nacional de la Verdad (Ley 12.528, de noviembre de 2011) con el proposito de aclarar los hechos y las circunstancias de los casos relacionados con violaciones de derechos humanos, asi como la Ley de Acceso a la Informacion (Ley 12.527 de noviembre de 2011), que han regulado el derecho constitucional de acceso a la informacion publica, valido para todas las areas de la administracion publica. Estas leyes permitieron la apertura de los archivos de la dictadura hasta que fueron denegados basandose en un acceso estrictamente restringido. En este co...

The empowerment of women through entrepreneurship and technology has emerged as a pivotal force in catalyzing social and economic transformation in India. This abstract delves into the multifaceted dynamics of this transformative journey, highlighting the intersection of gender equality, innovation, and economic growth.In recent years, women in India have harnessed entrepreneurship as a means to break through traditional societal constraints. Leveraging technology, they have not only carved a niche for themselves in various industries but have also played a significant role in reshaping the nation's socioeconomic landscape. This abstract explores the key components of this empowerment paradigm. First, it examines how access to technology and digital literacy has been pivotal in enabling women to create and manage their own businesses. The proliferation of smartphones and the internet has democratized information and market access, thus affording women the tools to venture into diverse sectors, from e-commerce and e-learning to healthcare and agriculture. Second, it delves into the role of government initiatives and NGOs in fostering an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs. Schemes such as Stand-Up India and Mudra Yojana have provided financial support and mentoring, while organizations have offered training and mentorship programs to bolster women's entrepreneurial skills.Moreover, this abstract sheds light on the impact of women-led startups on employment generation and economic growth. These ventures have not only created job opportunities but have also paved the way for innovative solutions to societal challenges.Lastly, it emphasizes the transformative potential of women's entrepreneurship in challenging deeply rooted gender norms and stereotypes. As women continue to thrive in traditionally male-dominated sectors, they serve as role models, inspiring future generations to break free from societal constraints and contribute to India's progress. In sum, the empowerment of women through entrepreneurship and technology in India represents a dynamic force for change, fostering gender equality, economic growth, and societal transformation. This abstract underscores the significance of continued research and development in this field to maximize its potential impact on India's future.

Gender representation in media is a critical aspect of shaping societal perceptions and attitudes towards diverse gender identities. Despite advancements in diversity and inclusion efforts, there persists a need to examine how gender identities, particularly those of the third gender, female, and male, are portrayed in major newspapers. This study conducts a quantitative analysis of gender representation in leading newspapers to identify any discrepancies and inequalities in coverage. Emphasizing the inclusion of third gender identities, often marginalized in mainstream discourse, the research delves into the varied gender representations beyond traditional binary classifications. Through rigorous statistical analysis, the study uncovers significant differences in media coverage between male, female, and third-gender identities. Findings reveal persistent challenges in achieving gender equality within media narratives, highlighting the importance of collective action to foster more balanced representations. Specifically focusing on two prominent Indian newspapers, The Hindu and The Times of India, the research elucidates disparities in coverage across different gender identities. Reasons for these discrepancies include historical biases, structural inequalities, newsroom diversity, audience biases, societal norms, and source availability. The study underscores the necessity for media institutions and society to address biases, enhance newsroom diversity, and ensure impartial and inclusive coverage of all genders. Despite existing disparities, signs of progress are evident, with increased visibility of women's and people of colour's perspectives, signalling potential shifts towards more diverse and inclusive media representations. This comprehensive analysis offers insights for advancing gender equality and fostering inclusive social narratives within the media landscape.

The study is an empirical evaluation of specific criminal activities. The relationship of criminal activities with inflation, unemployment, investment, education and health are examined through an annual data set from 1980 to 2007. To test the order of integration, Augmented Dickey Fuller test and Philips Perron are used. To find the evidences of long run relationship, Cointegrating Regression Durban Watson,

Despite the prevailing perception that sexuality should be openly discussed, sexuality-related social exclusion persists, posing challenges for individuals. This mixed-methods study explores the perception of sexuality-related social exclusion experiences in young adults, identifying strategies within sexuality education to mitigate these challenges. The convenient sample included 167 students (18-25 years) in Lithuania. The study reveals that when young adults perceive the reason for their social exclusion experiences to be cultural rather than personal, they usually assign little significance to them. In addition, gender-specific experiences of sexuality-related social exclusion are identified. While the study is only exploratory, the results suggest that parents are incapable of preventing sexualityrelated social exclusion alone. Sexuality education emerges as a crucial tool in addressing these challenges.

For minority employees at the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the organisation has enriched their careers, while offering equality, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) measures to mitigate some of the issues affecting them. However, the way they belong to BAS remains impacted by the structural and everyday practices that shape their lives through identity processes. In light of BAS' ambition to enhance Antarctic science opportunities to underrepresented groups, this study engages with the lived experiences and perspectives of minority BAS employees at their workplace. We argue that while they experience and perceive rejection, discrimination and exclusion, these practices are tangled up in the dominant and majority group's internal identification processes rather than by the isolated and deliberate action of its members. Those who are part of the "unmarked" dominant group have, from an early age, internalised national, ethnic, gender, and other forms of belonging and continue to engage in new boundary demarcation in the present. In this way, it is in their contact with non-members, that the boundaries between the "marked" and "unmarked" come to the fore, even when the intention of the dominant group may be to erode such boundaries.

Focusing on the post-accord generation in Northern Ireland, this study aimed to examine the role of intergroup contact in promoting support for peacebuilding and youth civic engagement. The sample comprised 466 youth (aged 14-15; 51% Catholic, 49% Protestant) who were born after the 1998 Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and therefore represent a 'post-accord' generation. Recruited through their schools, youth completed scales on intergroup contact (quality and quantity), support for peacebuilding, and civic engagement. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrapped mediation in MPlus. Results found that support for peacebuilding partially mediated the association between higher quality and higher quantity contact and greater civic engagement (volunteering and political participation). Findings demonstrate that youth who are living with the legacy of protracted intergroup conflict can support peacebuilding and engage in constructive behaviours such as civic engagement. By recognising the peacebuilding potential of youth, especially in a post-accord generation, the findings may inform how to promote youth civic engagement and social reconstruction after conflict.

El artículo propone una revisión de la forma en que los estudios sobre estructura social en Argentina forjaron tres conceptos como herramientas de lectura: pobreza, exclusión y desigualdad. El objetivo de este texto es presentar el planteamiento del problema en un conjunto de análisis que abordaron estas nociones entre 1990 y 2015. Partimos de una definición general de cada uno para luego dar cuenta de los estudios que los han desarrollado en forma particular. Finalmente presentamos la bibliografía organizada a partir de los tres conceptos.

In this article I describe how participatory visual methodologies can be used to construct knowledge on inclusion and exclusion with girls with disabilities in Vietnam. I suggest that this approach can shape knowledge on inclusion in relation to disability and girlhood through its engagement with the voices of girls with disabilities. This case study represents a decolonizing approach for understanding the experiences of disabled girls in the Global South in ways that challenge the Western framing of disability and girlhood.

Resumen El estudio que se presenta muestra cómo el arte, y en concreto, el patrimonio artístico utilizado como un recurso educativo por el futuro profesorado de los ciclos formativos en intervención sociocomunitaria, puede convertirse en una herramienta eficaz para que el alumnado profundice en la exclusión social. Se empleó una metodología mixta, CUAN+CUAL. La parte cuantitativa tuvo un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post mediante la aplicación de dos escalas validadas a un grupoclase. Se contó con una muestra de 59 estudiantes de primer año de la Facultad de Educación y Trabajo Social. Para la parte cualitativa se analizaron los datos obtenidos en los grupos de discusión formados en el aula tras la implementación de una propuesta educativa donde el arte ejerce un papel primordial como hilo conductor en el análisis de las realidades sociales presentadas. Los resultados muestran cambios significativos en las atribuciones sobre las causas de la exclusión social y en las actitudes positivas del estudiantado que en un futuro se convertirán en profesionales que desempeñarán un papel primordial en combatir esta lacra social. Se concluye que el arte puede reconocerse como un recurso valioso y transformador en el aula. Generador de conocimiento real sobre situaciones de vulnerabilidad, identificando y rompiendo estereotipos.

For All My Relations" is a narrative representation of an autobiographical narrative inquiry into my experiences as an Aboriginal graduate student negotiating the complexities of learning about, and engaging in, Indigenous research. The research puzzle centers on my wonders about the responsibilities of an Aboriginal graduate student choosing to engage in research with Aboriginal peoples in ethically responsible ways. The field texts for the inquiry are my writings over two years: final papers, response journals, assignments, and life writings. Using a narrative inquiry methodology, I identify tensions and bumping points in coming to understand Indigenous research, and in doing so, I have come to a deeper understanding of the impact of these moments on my identity as researcher in the making and on my sense of belonging. I also attend to the social and institutional narratives about Aboriginal people in which my storied experiences are nested. Issues of ethical obligations, relationship, and responsibility are central in my inquiry, and speak to the complexities of wrestling with the questions of "researcher's right to tell" and "viewing people through a lens." The findings of my inquiry add to the emerging literature of Indigenous research and narrative inquiry, and their connections. The findings also present insights into the experiences of an Aboriginal graduate, and the notion of identity and belonging. Most importantly, this narrative inquiry enabled me to work through my lived tensions, discomforts, and unease, and to restory my experiences; this process allowed me to grow more confident in my ability to continue to engage in Indigenous research in ethically and relationally responsible ways. My inquiry begins with my experiences of "not belonging" and "feeling less than," and concludes, in the midst, with a counterstory to tell. Counterstories are "saving stories" for me and for all my relations, past, present, and future. There is a level of gratitude that I have for my life and how it unfolded, and for all the people who entered into it for a moment, or a lifetime, that is immeasurable. Every single human from my past, my present, and my future needs to know how deeply thankful and grateful I am that even if just for the briefest of moments or for the whole of my life they entered into my world and allowed me into theirs. From my past, I would like to thank 'all my relations,' family and friends included. I am especially grateful for the love and unending support from my brother, my sister, my daughter, and my Mom. Also, I can never thank enough all of the aunties, uncles, cousins, and the friends who extend far and wide. Their love and support has nourished my soul and helped me through the difficult moments. With their strength, their determination, and their unbelievable stories, they have inspired me always. From my present, I owe a huge debt of gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Makere Stewart-Harawira and Dr. D. Jean Clandinin for believing that I could do this and joining me on this grand adventure. They represent to me the two different worlds in which I exist, and the two research methodologies which inform this thesis. From Dr. Makere Stewart-Harawira I learned that sometimes the best learning happens underneath a tree, listening to the rustle of the leaves, or while sitting in a circle sharing stories; this is what Indigenous research means to me. From Dr. D. Jean Clandinin I learned to lovingly world travel more mindful and awake to the stories I tell, to the people I sweep along in the telling, and to all research that takes place in the midst of lives lived and relationships formed; this I understand narrative inquiry to be. I must also thank the rest of my supervisory committee, Dr. Vera Caine, and Dr. Randy Wimmer for also being willing to lovingly travel to my world, and through my words see what it is that I saw and to live what it is that I lived as an Aboriginal graduate student in an Indigenous education program. I also express a deep thanks and unending gratitude to everyone who is a part of the Indigenous Peoples Education Program, the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, and the larger university as a whole; to the graduate students, the always helpful faculty, and the many people I met along this journey. The support ranged from research opportunities, encouraging conference presentations, financial awards, bursaries, and glowing referrals, to numerous conversations over tea, and speedy replies to endless e-mails. The influence of each and every person, and each and every form of support, is captured within this thesis, and for this I thank you all. From my future, the greatest gratitude I have is for the inspiration and passion evoked from those littlest members of my world, the children. I am thankful and grateful for little children who share so willingly their dreams, their hopes, and their imagined future of endless possibilities. It is they who sit front and center in my world, and it is they who I cradle closest and dream of a future filled with safe places where their dreams can exist and begin to grow. I am truly thankful and grateful for each and every person from my past, my present, and my future.

Desde la perspectiva sociocultural, se presenta al juego como una actividad compartida en un plano imaginario y organizada a través de reglas, explícitas o implícitas, hace posible diferenciarlo de otras actividades que realizan los niños. Se profundiza sobre el valor de la práctica de los juegos de mesa para el aprendizaje y el desarrollo en la primera infancia.

This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study which explores the perceptions of mobility for people with disabilities in Bangladesh. Participatory methods and inclusive approaches produced rich and highly personalised accounts of experiences from groups who are commonly marginalised in this context (specifically people with multiple/complex impairments – deafblindness, and women and girls with disabilities). Analysis of the data against a time geography framework revealed that there are multiple internal, external and structural factors that determine the inclusion or exclusion of people with disabilities in terms of mobility in Bangladesh.

De positiva bieffekterna av coronaepidemin är väl förvisso inte många, men en av dem torde vara det faktum att det digitala tidningsarkivet på Kungliga Biblioteket under april och maj gjordes sök-och läsbart hemifrån. Även om inte alla årgångar av samtliga i Sverige utgivna tidningar i nuläget finns skannade ger arkivet möjlighet både till att undersöka hur språkanvändning och synen på olika sociala företeelser förändrats över tid och till att göra tillfällighetsfynd av olika slag som kan kasta ljus över olika företeelser. Denna artikel tar sin utgångspunkt just i ett sådant tillfällighetsfynd: ett litet antal artiklar som rikstidningarna Arbetet, Aftonbladet (AB) och Göteborgs-Tidningen (GT) och några lokaltidningar publicerade från slutet av november 1971 till februari 1972. Artiklarna berättar om hur, som det står i Arbetet, "tattarfamiljen" B. i byn Västgärde utanför Rättvik i Dalarna senhösten 1971 av andra bybor blir utsatt för förföljelser som kulminerar i att hela familjen måste lämna byn och att deras hus och egendom vandaliseras (Arbetet 23 nov 1971: 10). Familjen hade enligt Arbetet bott i byn i omkring tio år när de drevs bort. Aftonbladet (23 nov 1971: 10) lyfter fram att huset stod mitt i byn, var slitet och att familjen fått hjälp att hitta det av en kristen församling. Västgärde, som beskrivs som en semesteridyll i Siljansbygden för sommargäster, hade enligt AB vid tidpunkten ca 150 invånare, varav 35 var bofasta, mest äldre personer (ibid). Det är viktigt att framhålla att denna korta text inte syftar till att ge en fullödig redogörelse för händelserna i Västgärde. En sådan skulle förutsätta ett betydligt bredare källmaterial, med arkivforskning, tillgång till alla regionala och lokala tidningars artiklar om händelserna, och helst intervjuer med personer som fortfarande minns händelsen ur olika perspektiv. Vad jag vill lyfta fram här är två saker. För det första visar händelsen att fördrivningar av resandefamiljer från sina hem, en företeelse som historiskt vid upprepade tillfällen förekommit i olika delar av Sverige och som studerats ingående främst av historikern Martin Ericsson (2017), kunde förekomma så sent som 1971. Ericsson, som undersökt kollektivt våld utövat av lokalbefolkningar både mot människor som sågs som "tattare" och som "zigenare", noterade 17 sådana fall under perioden 1872-1955. Den senaste incidenten som drabbade "zigenare" i Ericssons framställning inträffade i Värmland 1955, medan den senaste som drabbade "tattare" var de omskrivna kravallerna i Jönköping 1948 (ibid: 46). Händelserna i Västgärde 1971 inträffade alltså åtskilliga år senare, i ett land som redan hunnit förändras starkt på många plan sedan det sena 1940-talet.

En este texto queremos apoyar a la construcción de
puentes conversacionales en la empresa, donde hombres y
mujeres de cualquier edad puedan interactuar sin escuchar
expresiones de descrédito o discriminación por parte de las demás
personas con las que interactúa en lo cotidiano y en la
eventualidad del contacto.

The paper is based on quantitative work of secondary data extracted from census of India and Directory of Colleges, University Grant Commission. It is an attempt to study the spatial and temporal analysis of the availability and enrollment in higher education for female across the Indian states. Analysis of the paper reveals that there is very high male-female disparity in gross enrollment ratio among the Indian states. Northern states especially, BIMARU states are most backward in higher education for female. There is an increasing trend of inequality between male-female in higher education despite the several governmental efforts for women empowerment.

HEC policy for students with disabilities at higher education institutions in Pakistan in 2021 was proposed to improve quality of education for students with special needs at higher education level. The policy aims to provide equal chances to everyone and promote inclusive setups among disabled students in universities and colleges. This study aimed to understand the administration's perspective on implementation and effectiveness of Policy 2021 and suggest measures to improve policy. The researcher employed a mixed-method approach. Data from 50 focal persons in higher education institutes was collected using a random sampling technique. The findings show transparent & real picture at practical level instead of documentation. The study results highlighted the issues causing hindrances in sustainable, inclusive education system & accommodating active learning environment at diverse levels. Addressing the root causes and barriers can be beneficial in executing inclusive setups. The research findings show a great need for the collaboration between institutions, students' needs, and stakeholders. There should be clear metrics and a proper reporting system for continuous improvement.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

The universal access to treatment and care for people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is still a major problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where 70% of HIV-infected people live. Equally important is the fact that HIV/AIDS-related stigma is recognized to be a major obstacle to successfully control the spread of this disease. We devised a pilot project (titled “My friend with HIV remains a friend”) to fight the HIV/AIDS stigmatization through educating secondary school students by openly HIV-positive teachers. In a first step, we have measured the amount and type of stigma felt by the PLWHIV in Buea/Cameroon using the “The people living with HIV Stigma Index” from Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Gossiping and verbal insults were experienced by 90% of the interviewees, while 9% have experienced physical assaults. Using these data and material from the “Toolkit for action” from the “International Centre for the Research on Women,” the teachers educated the students on multip...

In a large number of developing countries, girls have significantly worse conditions in education, Economic, legal protections, and Societal mindsets than boys. Unfortunately, most studies of gender discrimination in inputs such as consumption, Work participation, or education expenditures are hampered by the general unavailability of data. This study introduces the different phases of gender discrimination from 1901 to the present in India. The main objective of this study is to Critique the Unfavourable Sex Ratio for Women in India and find out the literacy rate of women. The main content of this paper is divided into four aspects, the first one shows the sex ratio, the second examines the literacy rate of India, and the third work participation ratio(WPR) and finally draws a meaningful conclusion. Methodology Employed based on qualitative and quantitative research. The secondary sources of this study are taken from various books, articles, diaries, proposals, official records, archives, Govt. Report, Govt. Sensus Report, Govt. Gazetteers, Manuals and sites, and so on.

In Affect, Narratives, and Politics of Southeast Asian Migration (2021), Carlos Piocos III deploys multidisciplinary approaches to understand contemporary issues surrounding Southeast Asian migration within the framework of what is now generally called Affect Theory. Ethnographic accounts and literary and visual analyses are juxtaposed, interfacing the collective experiences of Filipina and Indonesian domestic workers and migration policies that expose, enable, and mobilize such precarious politics of gendered labor. This book-review essay examines how Piocos advances the various texts, textualities, and contexts that situate affect in narratives, in order to underscore the plight of Filipina and Indonesian women domestic workers and how their struggles characterize women's social movements in the region. This book plays a vital role in exploring affect theory, migrant studies, and Southeast Asia.

By reducing rural communities' reliance on the state and boosting their economic competitiveness, scholars claim that place-based methods of development will make rural areas more resistant to global disruptive forces. Current interest in place-based development is heavily influenced by the decentralization of public administration. The main aim of the study is Social Inclusion concerning a way to ensure development at the village level: Catalysing the role of Effective leadership. The premise on which this is based is that the strength of local institutions determines how innovative a certain area may be. The process of (competitive) economic development in a given location might benefit greatly from the presence of institutions that are adapted to that location. In addition, the study also highlights Social Exclusion and Its implications. In addition, it states Social Inclusion it’s Meaning and Eminence. Lastly, the study highlights Barriers to social exclusion at the village/rural level.

Qadosh, sanctified/set apart, and Ḥerem, separated/set apart, are both used in the Hebrew Bible to mean set apart from something, but to radically different ends. 

Without truth telling there is no peacemaking

Whereas holiness takes many forms throughout the Scriptures, the treatment of the Other, the non-Israelite or non-Jew, is the concern of this paper. When we examine the story of Israel and God in the Bible—ever intertwined, we find tensions that must be faced regarding Israel—and God’s— relationships to Others, those persons constructed as “outsiders” to Israel in the Bible. The Bible supplies a mixed account of how Israel treated Others, but encounters between Israel and Others, as described in the Bible, significantly embody inclusion, righteousness, and justice, showing “outsiders” as models for Israel.

This study examines the barriers South African youth with disabilities face in moving from secondary school to higher education and employment. It highlights low matric pass rates and employment, caused by systemic issues like inaccessible infrastructure and stigma. The research recommends improved support services, inclusive education, and stronger partnerships to create better opportunities for disabled youth.

Se realizo un estudio experimental con la variante de cuasiexperimento con el proposito de implementar un sistema de ejercicios para mejorar la resistencia a la fuerza en atletas del Judo categoria 13-14 anos del municipio de Moron provincia Ciego de Avila, con vista a enriquecer y perfeccionar el trabajo de los mismos, a traves del empleo de los ejercicios con pesas y contribuir al desarrollo de la capacidad fisica resistencia a la fuerza la cual contribuye positivamente en los indicadores de resultados en este deporte. Se utilizaron metodos del nivel teorico tales como: analitico - sintetico, historico – logico, Inductivo-deductivo; modelacion y del nivel empirico de la investigacion: Analisis de documentos, la observacion, encuesta, medicion, ademas de los metodos matematicos y estadisticos que posibilito demostrar resultados del estudio de control minimo realizado a traves de la valoracion de los efectos practicos de la propuesta metodologica, aplicada en el proceso de investiga...

O papel deixado a comunidade local no contexto economico e social das novas territorialidades que se constroem na globalizacao deve ser o de reforcar a necessidade de equilibrio, da inclusao e igualdade. O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar os resultados parciais do projeto “Lacos de Cidadania do Litoral do Piaui” que se propos criar uma Rede de Articulacao Solidaria entre pescadores artesanais e empreendimentos turisticos que compoem os municipios de Parnaiba, Ilha Grande, Luis Correia e Cajueiro da Praia na Rota das Emocoes no Estado do Piaui - Brasil. A metodologia utilizada e a pesquisa bibliografica, entrevistas, questionarios, reunioes periodicas e analise, acompanhamento e readequacao dos objetivos do projeto atraves de observacao das acoes desenvolvidas. O projeto esta em processo de execucao, com previsao de termino em dezembro de 2015. Ate o momento foi atingidos objetivos como a criacao da logomarca, a formacao do Comite Gestor, realizacao do Seminario Rede Sol...

obstacles (spatial, territorial, institutional) in seeking help. To overcome obstacles, both female victims of PIPV and health and social care professionals used adaptive strategies that varied according to periods of containment (strict lockdown, flexible social distance) and male perpetrators' behaviours. Additionally, the data show that several tools were mobilized by community organizations to ensure the care of women victims of PIPV and their children. Finally, the results highlight the involvement of several actors in the fight against PIPV during Covid-19.

Diversity is a feature of every society. However, the ways in which diversity is experienced and managed vary greatly from one society to another and from one era to another. This paper addresses the theoretical and practical relevance of human diversity by discussing the main concepts that describe how diversity and differentiation of social actors is dealt with in different contexts: from exclusion, through segregation, to integration and inclusion. Both integration and inclusion aim to give all people equal access to social participation. Nevertheless, there are major differences between the two terms, which are discussed in detail in the paper. Inclusion covers all areas of society and embraces all dimensions of heterogeneity. It does not impose normality, but assumes that differences themselves are normality. It is therefore the concept that expresses the desire for equality and social equity in the broadest sense. However, it is a concept which, in many respects, remains utopian in practice. The paper concludes that, to become a reality, inclusion requires a wide-ranging reform process, including transformations in the social system.

This article presents several theories of financial inclusion. Financial inclusion is the ease of access to, and the availability of, basic financial services to all members of the population. Financial inclusion means that individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs in a responsible and sustainable way. Financial inclusion practices vary from country to country, and there is need to identify the underlying principles or propositions that can explain the observed variation in financial inclusion practices. These set of principles or propositions are called theories. Financial inclusion theories are explanations for observed financial inclusion practices. This study shows that the ideas and perspectives on financial inclusion can be grouped into theories to facilitate meaningful discussions in the literature. The financial inclusion theories are useful to researchers, academics and practitioners. The resulting contributions to theory development are useful to the problem-solving process in the global financial inclusion agenda.

This study investigated the availability and use of public library services among persons with disabilities in Professor Kenneth Dike State Central E- Library Awka. Survey research method was adopted for this study because it was considered more appropriate for this type of study. The population of the study consists of 22 librarians in the 11 branches of the public library scattered all over the State with Kenneth Dike Library as the headquarter situated in Awka Anambra State. The entire population was used as such there was no sampling. This is because the population was small and manageable. Data was collected for the study through the use of a self-developed questionnaire administered to the respondents by the researchers. The data obtained through the questionnaire was analysed using arithmetic mean (x) and tables. The major findings of the study were that the library library services designed for the disabled are not available in KDL except ramp and braille, none of the listed...

This thesis explores the complex dynamics of religious mobilisation and the assertion of Sarna identity among the tribal communities of Jharkhand, India, with a particular focus on the cultural politics that shape and contest tribal identity. Situated within the broader socio-political, cultural, and historical contexts, the study examines how Sarna, a religion centered around the worship of sacred groves of Sal trees (Shorea robusta), has emerged as a potent symbol of resistance and self-assertion for tribal communities, particularly the Oraon and Munda, in the face of hegemonic identity impositions. The research problematizes the historical construction of tribal identity, which has often been framed in opposition to the dominant Hindu caste society, portraying tribes as "backward," "pre-civilized," or "semi-aboriginal" within colonial and post-colonial discourses. These narratives, rooted in British ethnographic accounts, census classifications, and missionary records, have perpetuated a degraded image of tribal society, positioning it as residual to the larger Hindu society. By triangulating ethnographic, historical, and discursive methods, the thesis argues for a dynamic understanding of tribal identity that transcends the binary of "backward" versus "civilized." It underscores the importance of mutual cultural integration over assimilation, advocating for policies that respect and promote tribal diversity. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on indigeneity and identity politics, offering insights into how tribal communities in Jharkhand navigate the predicament of imposed identities while asserting their unique cultural and religious heritage through Sarna mobilisation. Key Words: Tribal, Sarna, Religion, Indigenous religion, Identity, Assertion, Cultural Identity, Religious Identity, Marginalisation, Cultural Communication.

This article investigates the employment conditions of Syrian refugee workers in the clothing industry in Istanbul, as well as its consequences on their socio-emotional well-being and life plans. 62 interviews in the form of life stories were conducted with these workers from workspaces of varying sizes. The research identifies ambiguity, hyperprecarity, institutional violence, and segregation (refugees mostly work in small workshops) as the main concepts for understanding these conditions. The dimensions of socioemotional well-being are dominated by depression and loss of control over life. However, the personal (self) dimension (proud, optimistic, and staying positive with oneself) remains high. As a result, migration outside of Turkey emerges as as ongoing hope in the pursuit of stability and control over the future.

✂✁ ☎✄ ✝✆ ✞✄ ✝✟ ✡✠ be a finite family of sets. We establish an improved inclusion-exclusion identity for each closure operator on the power set of ☛ having the unique base property. The result generalizes three improvements of the inclusion-exclusion principle as well as Whitney's broken circuit theorem on the chromatic polynomial of a graph.