Protege Ontology Development Environment

Η παρούσα Μεταπτυχιακή Διατριβή διερευνά τη χρήση των Οντολογιών ως εργαλείων υποστήριξης και ανάπτυξης της ιστορικής έρευνας, εστιάζοντας στην οργάνωση και τη διαχείριση των απαραίτητων μεταδεδομένων. Για το σκοπό αυτό, αναπτύχθηκε μια οντολογία, μέσω του λογισμικού ανοιχτού κώδικα Protégé, η οποία λειτουργεί ως οντολογικό πρότυπο για την καταγραφή των αρχαίων πηγών, προτείνοντας ένα ευέλικτο και αποδοτικό σύστημα οργάνωσης. Απευθύνεται στους ερευνητές και επιτρέπει αποτελεσματική οργάνωση, γρήγορη πρόσβαση και στοχευμένες αναζητήσεις. Σε αυτή, βασίστηκε η οντολογία που εφαρμόστηκε για τη μελέτη περίπτωσης της παρουσίασης των πηγών της δυτικής Λοκρίδας. Η οντολογική εφαρμογή αποδεικνύει τη λειτουργικότητα του προτύπου, καλύπτοντας παράλληλα και μερικώς ένα σημαντικό ερευνητικό κενό. Το πρότυπο και η μελέτη περίπτωσης συνοδεύονται από το θεωρητικό τους πλαίσιο, την ανάλυση της μεθοδολογίας και της δομής τους και την τεκμηρίωση των επιλογών των εννοιών. Τέλος, ενδεικτικά SPARQL ερωτήματα χρησιμοποιούνται για να υπογραμμίσουν τις πρακτικές δυνατότητες της εφαρμογής και να αναδείξουν τα όρια της μελλοντικής της εξέλιξης. Η παρούσα εργασία προσφέρει μια βάση για περαιτέρω μελλοντική ανάπτυξη τέτοιων εργαλείων που θα εκμεταλλεύονται τις δυνατότητες διασύνδεσης, οργάνωσης και ανάλυσης δεδομένων για την προώθηση της ιστορικής έρευνας.

In the given article an attempt is made to reveal the main factors which condition the wide use of noun + of + noun phrases, and the almost lack of the other two types of attributive phrases typical of English, namely, noun + noun and noun genitive + noun in legislative texts. It is argued that the above mentioned is partly accounted for by the requirements of the grammatical norms of English but mainly by the tendency to emphasize the meaning of the utterance and avoid ambiguity.

Hovhannes Mandakuni holds a significant position in Armenian history during the 5th century. As a Catholicos, he not only dutifully serves his homeland but also leaves behind a remarkable literary legacy. Under his name, nine canons with ecclesiastical content are preserved, offering insights into the customs, laws, and corresponding punishments of the era's church life. Analysis of these canons reveals that the vocabulary  pertaining  to  law  primarily  comprises  Iranian  borrowings,  alongside  a  notable presence of words derived from native Indo-European roots, which continue to be relevant in modern Eastern Armenian. Hybrid formations are scarce, and phraseological Unit predominantly consist of verbs. Despite the concise nature of the original text, 32 words and phraseological units pertinent to the field of law have been identified and delineated.

Today’s World Wide Web (WWW) is known as Web 2.0. It includes social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services, web applications, mashups and folksonomies. It also includes E-learning Management system. It is a process in which we use the electronic medium to access the defined set of applications, cand processes. Research works in the field of E-Learning are represented by a broad spectrum of applications, ranged from virtual classrooms to remote courses or distance learning. Web-based courses offer obvious advantages for learners by making access to educational resource very fast, just-in-time and relevance, at any time or place. Because of a lot of limitations using web 2.0 for creating E-learning management system, now-a-days we use Web 3.0 which is known as Semantic web. It is a great platform to represent Elearning management system that recovers the limitations of Web 2.0. It represents a potential technology for realizing eLearning requirements Res...

Երևանի պետական համալսարան ԱՌԱԾԻ ՈՒ ԱՍԱՑՎԱԾՔԻ ՍԱՀՄԱՆՄԱՆ ԽՆԴԻՐԸ ԱՐԴԻ ԼԵԶՎԱԲԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՐԱՑՈՒՅՑՈՒՄ Հոդվածում փորձ է արվում ներկայացնել առածի և ասացվածքի՝ որպես լեզվական միավորների վերաբերյալ մի շարք գիտնականների առաջադրած մոտեցումներն ու տեսությունները: Երկու միավորների տարբերակման հարցում շեշտադրվում է փոխաբերության դերը: Փոխա-բերությունը՝ որպես առածի բնութագրիչ, ճանաչողության միջոցով առաջ է բերում ընդհանրական նշանակություն: Առածներն ու ասացվածքները հարաժամանակային դրսևորումներ են՝ անցյալի փորձի ցուցիչ, ներկա համատեքստի բնորոշում և ապագայի արտահայտություն: Վերոնշյալ լեզվական միավորները դիտարկվում են որպես համընդհանուրի, ազգայինի և անհատականի համադրություն, քանի որ արտահայտում են համընդհանուր ճշմարտություն ու լեզվամշակութային ինքնություն: Արդի լեզվաբանության դիտանկյունից առածներն ու ասացվածքներն ուսումնասիրվում են ասույթի մակարդակում՝ նկատի առնելով դիսկուրսի վերլուծության դաշտը: Բանալի բառեր. առած, ասացվածք, առածաբանություն, համընդհանուր ճշմարտություն, փոխաբերություն, ասույթ Ներածություն Արդի լեզվաբանական գիտակարգի հարացույցում կարևոր տեղ է զբաղեցնում առածների և ասացվածքների ուսումնասիրությունը: Առածների ու ասացվածքների՝ որպես լեզվական միավորների բնորոշումն ու առանձնահատկությունների վերհանումը մի շարք գիտական հետազոտությունների առարկա են: Առածներն ու ասացվածքները լեզվամշակույ- 

MARINE PILIPOSYAN - APPLICATION OF AUTHENTIC LANGUAGE MATERIAL IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING POLITICAL ENGLISH

Keywords: political science, discourse, political discourse, authentic text, linguistic efficiency, political English
The article touches upon the fact that the teaching of political English should be based on the person-centered approach where the selection, classification, elaboration and introduction of the language material are based on the students' need to learn English for specific purposes. In this case, particular importance is given to studying and taking into account the students’ needs, interests and demands. In the process of teaching political English, it is advisable to use authentic language material, as their content is derived from the needs, interests and real life of the learners.

It is argued that not all aorist forms with a vocalic augment in the dialect of Shatax and other dialects can be traced back to their corresponding Old Armenian prototypes. Instead, many of these forms should be regarded as analogical formations that emerged secondarily. This is also true for the aorist forms իտի /iti/(''he/she put'') and իտու /itu/ (''he/she gave'') in the dialect of Shatax. The stem-final vowels of these forms, contrary to M. Muradyan’s claim, cannot be original root-final vowels, which have not been retained even in the respective Old Armenian forms (եդ /ed/ '‘he/she put’' and ետ /et/ '‘he/she gave’'.

Armenian, as a language with little digitization resources, faces the need to solve a list of problems posed by the modern era. Despite the great language models being improved day by day, on the one hand, and the digitalization of Armenian literature, on the other hand, the most popular machine translators and artificial mind templates are unable to solve some issues of a linguistic and interdisciplinary nature. Both the problems of language development and the solution of the complex problems related to its digitization is the stable digitization of the Armenian linguistic corpus, which will enable not only to ensure its sustainability in the field of digital communication but also to preserve and develop Armenian linguistic thinking as a unique system of natural and artificial thought and a primary reference source. in the universal mental system .

Des images à la TEI 25 mars 2024 1 / 35 A. Pinche (CNRS, CIHAM -UMR 5648) Des images à la TEI 25 mars 2024 3 / 35 A. Pinche (CNRS, CIHAM -UMR 5648) Des images à la TEI 25 mars 2024 4 / 35 A. Pinche (CNRS, CIHAM -UMR 5648) Des images à la TEI 25 mars 2024 5 / 35 A. Pinche (CNRS, CIHAM -UMR 5648) Des images à la TEI 25 mars 2024 6 / 35 A. Pinche (CNRS, CIHAM -UMR 5648) Des images à la TEI 25 mars 2024 8 / 35

F27 Work Conception regroupe les naissances d'idées originales. Elle marque l'amorce d'une oeuvre. Cette classe est utilisée lorsqu'il existe la preuve historique de cette amorce avant l'apparition d'une preuve matérielle de l'existence de l'oeuvre (F1 Work). En pratique, cet événement est rarement connu et lorsqu'il l'est, il n'est pratiquement jamais décrit, c'est pourquoi nous avons fait le choix de décrire la création de l'oeuvre via l'événement de création de son Expression, F28 Expression Creation. Cette dernière caractérise l'extériorisation d'une oeuvre individuelle.

Mareike König est directrice adjointe et directrice du département Humanités Numériques à l'Institut historique allemand (IHA). Elle est à l'origine du projet « Adressbuch der Deutschen in Paris von 1854 ». Historienne de l'histoire franco-allemande du XIX e siècle, ses recherches portent également sur l'Histoire à l'ère numérique et sur la communication scientifique dans les médias sociaux. Gérald Kembellec est maître de conférences en sciences de l'information et de la communication au Cnam, il anime la thématique « Data, médiation, valorisation » du laboratoire « Dispositifs d'Information et de Communication à l'Ère du Numérique ». Il était détaché au département des humanités numériques de l'IHA en 2020 et 2021. Evan Virevialle est étudiant en 2 e année du Master Communication du savoir, technologies de la connaissance et management de l'information à l'université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Il est également assistant de recherche à l'IHA, il y collabore notamment au projet « Adressbuch der Deutschen in Paris von 1854 » sur les aspects de qualification et d'enrichissement des données, d'interface et de cartographie. Résumé Ce chapitre présente un data paper qui porte sur les jeux de données liés au projet « Adressbuch der Deutschen in Paris von 1854 » au long cours d'histoire sur l'immigration des Allemands à Paris au XIX e siècle réalisé à l'Institut historique allemand de Paris. Le projet a pour objectif de mettre à la disposition des chercheuses et chercheurs et généalogistes, dans une interface, les informations sur les individus et entreprises allemands installés à Paris en 1854. Ces informations sont issues d'un document historique, une sorte de bottin de commerce ou pages jaunes des Allemands à Paris. Outre la description de méthodes de collecte des données, ce data paper présente la manière dont les jeux de données sont enrichis et valorisés dans le dispositif de consultation. Nous portons une attention particulière sur le respect des valeurs des humanités numériques et de la 2 science ouverte, en cohérence avec les spécificités des historiennes et historiens, ainsi que les généalogistes amenés à le consulter.

HTML-based interface technologies enable end-users to easily use various remote Web applications. However, it is difficult for end-users to compose new integrated tools of existing Web applications. In this paper, the authors propose a framework where endusers can wrap remote Web applications into visual components called pads, and functionally combine them together through drag&drop-paste operations. We use, as the basis, a meme media architecture IntelligentPad that was developed by our research group. In the IntelligentPad architecture, each visual component called a pad has slots as data I/O ports. By pasting a pad onto another pad users can integrate their functionalities. Users can visually create wrapper pads for Web applications that he wants to use by defining HTML nodes within the Web application to work as slots. Examples of such a node include input-forms and text strings on the Web page. Users can directly manipulate wrapped Web applications on their desktop screen to define application linkages among them. Since no programming expertise is required to wrap Web applications or to functionally combine them together, end-users can build new integrated tools of wrapped Web applications. Authors also discuss applications of this framework to mobile computing.

En este trabajo proponemos el modelado de diseños de aprendizaje utilizando una ontología que describe semánticamente los conceptos definidos en la especificación IMS Learning Design (IMS LD). Para mostrar sus posibilidades se presenta una comparación entre la implementación de un diseño de aprendizaje con Reload y Coppercore, las aplicaciones de referencia en el diseño y ejecución de IMS LD, y con la ontología de IMS LD en el sistema EUME, un sistema para la gestión inteligente del aprendizaje en entornos docentes presenciales. El resultado de este estudio muestra que con el uso de la ontología los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje pueden implementar diseños de aprendizaje consistentes con la especificación IMS LD porque (1) los conceptos descritos en IMS LD están definidos de forma más precisa en la ontología; (2) los axiomas definidos en la ontología permiten clarificar el entendimiento sobre los términos descritos en el texto de IMS LD, evitándose así errores de interpretación, y (3) estos axiomas permiten que los agentes software de un sistema como EUME puedan realizar inferencias durante las fases tanto de creación como de ejecución de diseños de aprendizaje.

In the past decade, the ontology development community has witnessed several platforms and tools for ontology building. All these tools facilitate ontology development processes and direction for the subsequent usage. However, research has shown that current ontology editors do not effectively capture agricultural processes. Existing ontology editors do offer explicit but incomplete agricultural process information. This research proposes the need for a new ontology editor for process capturing, specifically capable of capturing entire cassava plantation process, which can be used to develop Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for farmers on crop processing. To this end, this paper examines, analyzes and presents the results of selected ontology editors. The comparison was done using different criteria including an ontology editor's strength, weakness and suitability for capturing entire crop plantation process.

In the past decade, the ontology development community has witnessed several platforms and tools for ontology building. All these tools facilitate ontology development processes and direction for the subsequent usage. However, research has shown that current ontology editors do not effectively capture agricultural processes. Existing ontology editors do offer explicit but incomplete agricultural process information. This research proposes the need for a new ontology editor for process capturing, specifically capable of capturing entire cassava plantation process, which can be used to develop Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for farmers on crop processing. To this end, this paper examines, analyzes and presents the results of selected ontology editors. The comparison was done using different criteria including an ontology editor's strength, weakness and suitability for capturing entire crop plantation process.

Cet article présente un travail préliminaire réalisé dans le cadre du GDRI Zoomathia qui vise l'étude de la transmission des savoirs zoologiques de l'Antiquité au Moyen Âge. A partir de deux textes médiévaux latins précédemment annotés en XML, nous avons construit une ontologie RDFS et une base de données RDF, puis nous avons réalisé à partir de ces annotations sémantiques RDF/S un travail d'interrogation, transformation, extraction et visualisation de connaissances pertinentes, pour aider les chercheurs épistémologues, historiens et philologues dans leur travail d'analyse de ces textes anciens. Mots Clés Ontologie ; Web de données ; Recherche sémantique et fouille visuelle de textes médiévaux latins

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A .-La classification des objets, le choix des termes et leur définition au regard des connaissances du domaine, sont des préoccupations constantes en Humanités Numériques (HN). Dans ce cadre, et dans le contexte du partage et de l'interopérabilité des données sur le Web, les ontologies au sens de l'Ingénierie des Connaissances (IC) constituent une des avancées les plus intéressantes. Mais les principes sous-jacents à la conceptualisation d'un domaine tels que l'entendent l'IC et les HN ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes. À cela s'ajoute un problème de Terminologie en tant que discipline souvent sous-estimée aussi bien par les uns que par les autres. Cet article s'intéresse à la façon de procéder des experts dans leur "définition des choses" et dans la manière de les nommer. Cela nous a conduits à définir une méthode outillée de construction de terminologies dont le système conceptuel est une ontologie formelle, dans le respect des normes ISO et des standards du W3C. Cette méthode est illustrée à l'aide du premier dictionnaire ontoterminologique des vêtements de la Grèce antique. M- .-Représentation des connaissances, ontologie, terminologie, ontoterminologie, méthodologie, humanités numériques, lexicographie historique, ontologie des vêtements de la Grèce antique, dictionnaires électroniques, normes ISO, standards W3C, éditeur d'ontologies et de terminologies, TEDI. .

A .-La classification des objets, le choix des termes et leur définition au regard des connaissances du domaine, sont des préoccupations constantes en Humanités Numériques (HN). Dans ce cadre, et dans le contexte du partage et de l'interopérabilité des données sur le Web, les ontologies au sens de l'Ingénierie des Connaissances (IC) constituent une des avancées les plus intéressantes. Mais les principes sous-jacents à la conceptualisation d'un domaine tels que l'entendent l'IC et les HN ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes. À cela s'ajoute un problème de Terminologie en tant que discipline souvent sous-estimée aussi bien par les uns que par les autres. Cet article s'intéresse à la façon de procéder des experts dans leur "définition des choses" et dans la manière de les nommer. Cela nous a conduits à définir une méthode outillée de construction de terminologies dont le système conceptuel est une ontologie formelle, dans le respect des normes ISO et des standards du W3C. Cette méthode est illustrée à l'aide du premier dictionnaire ontoterminologique des vêtements de la Grèce antique. M- .-Représentation des connaissances, ontologie, terminologie, ontoterminologie, méthodologie, humanités numériques, lexicographie historique, ontologie des vêtements de la Grèce antique, dictionnaires électroniques, normes ISO, standards W3C, éditeur d'ontologies et de terminologies, TEDI. .

In 2001 Tim Berners-Lee published a paper that charted a vision for an Internet based on semantic concepts and relations rather than hypertext links and keywords. Since that time, work in knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence has matured from laboratories to public standards with implementations capable of scaling up to handle the big data that modern organizations rely on. This paper discusses these semantic pillar technologies, their roots in research and the current standards and implementations. The semantic pillars are: Internationalized Resource Identifiers for indexing resources, the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS) for describing graphs of resources in terms of triples, the Web Ontology Language (OWL) for defining sophisticated logical models that describe resources, the SPARQL query language for querying knowledge graphs, and the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) for defining data integrity constraints on resources. Together these pillars provide the tools for a new kind of Internet and new kinds of systems that can leverage big data and provide synergy with Machine Learning algorithms. This chapter will describe the research that paved the way for semantic technology. It will then describe each of the semantic pillars with examples and explanations of the business value of each technology.

This deliverable reports on work carried out within SSHOC Task 5.6-Issues in providing Open Data in Heritage Science and Archaeology. It focusses specifically on issues related to working with Heritage Science data and examines the accessibility and interoperability of such data. Starting with two distinct, but related, non-standard datasets, covering the documentation and study of old master paintings, the work created new fully semantic, linkable, shareable, machine-readable FAIR 12 datasets mapped to the standard CIDOC-CRM 5 ontology and other external Linked Open Data resources. The work also examined how such data mapping procedures and FAIR datasets could be incorporated into existing digital documentation software, such as the MOVIDA database software 1. This report begins by providing some background on the notion of FAIR data and the CIDOC CRM before going on to describe the work creating and using FAIR data. The original, existing datasets are described along with some of the key concepts and technologies used within the mapping and modelling procedure. The report then goes on to describe some of the preliminary work carried out to develop some new tools and procedures that would be exploited during the main mapping process, including the development of automated processes to create web presentations (Simple Site 44 , Simple IIIF Discovery 61 and the Dynamic Modeller 45) and the re-formatting and opening up some existing semantic models 65 developed in previous EU projects (IPERION-CH). The mapping procedures for the two main datasets are then described including details of the processes used and the decisions made. Examples diagrams are provided for several of the key semantic models along with sections of the code used. In addition, to these general descriptions of the processed datasets, access details are also provided for live digital presentations where the full final data sets can be explored and visualised, via a new user-friendly website, complete with a range of predefined example queries to demonstrate the data stored in the system and the relationships that have been modelled. Options for direct access via standard machine-readable systems are also described. Additional access details are also provided for all of the software, web tools, datasets and data repositories created within the work. An introduction to the MOVIDA software is then provided outlining its history and how it can exploit FAIR data. Details are then provided documenting the key metadata terms used to described objects and examinations within the MOVIDA software and how they can be mapped to CIDOC-CRM based ontologies. Discussion is also included in relation to where the direct mapping of existing terms and relationships are not immediately clear or where the further extension of the exiting ontologies could simplify or clarify the description of the included data. A summary of some initial next steps for both the mapping work and the practical application of CIDOC-CRM mapped data with MOVIDA are provided. 1 The MOVIDA software is described in detail in section 0.

A .-La classification des objets, le choix des termes et leur définition au regard des connaissances du domaine, sont des préoccupations constantes en Humanités Numériques (HN). Dans ce cadre, et dans le contexte du partage et de l'interopérabilité des données sur le Web, les ontologies au sens de l'Ingénierie des Connaissances (IC) constituent une des avancées les plus intéressantes. Mais les principes sous-jacents à la conceptualisation d'un domaine tels que l'entendent l'IC et les HN ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes. À cela s'ajoute un problème de Terminologie en tant que discipline souvent sous-estimée aussi bien par les uns que par les autres. Cet article s'intéresse à la façon de procéder des experts dans leur "définition des choses" et dans la manière de les nommer. Cela nous a conduits à définir une méthode outillée de construction de terminologies dont le système conceptuel est une ontologie formelle, dans le respect des normes ISO et des standards du W3C. Cette méthode est illustrée à l'aide du premier dictionnaire ontoterminologique des vêtements de la Grèce antique. M- .-Représentation des connaissances, ontologie, terminologie, ontoterminologie, méthodologie, humanités numériques, lexicographie historique, ontologie des vêtements de la Grèce antique, dictionnaires électroniques, normes ISO, standards W3C, éditeur d'ontologies et de terminologies, TEDI. .

Alignement de ressources terminologiques. Pourquoi ? La mise en correspondance des ressources terminologiques repond a differents besoins allant du souhait d'ameliorer la recherche documentaire par l'interoperabilite semantique qui permet a l'utilisateur d'acceder facilement a un meme contenu a partir de plusieurs terminologies differentes (en termes de couverture linguistique, de granularite, etc.), a la volonte de gagner en visibilite en etablissant des liens avec des ressources dont la notoriete n'est plus a demontrer. Le desir d'enrichir sa propre ressource par des donnees dont la production serait fastidieuse (traductions dans d'autres langues, definitions, etc.) ou des donnees impossibles a produire (nomenclatures, coordonnees geographiques et d'autres) peut egalement motiver une telle demarche. On citera egalement l'interet que procure cette information additionnelle pour l'indexeur dans la mesure ou celui-ci peut, en consultant les res...

This article aims at describing the objectives, the theoretical and methodological background, the development, and the first results of the Archaeo-Term project of the University of Naples "L'Orientale", Department of Literary, Linguistic and Comparative Studies. The Archaeo-Term project has been developed within the YourTermCULT project promoted by the Terminology Without Borders Project of the Terminology Coordination Unit (TermCoord) of the European Parliament-Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) specifically for collecting terminology in different aspects related to culture. The aim of the Archaeo-Term project is to enhance the access to the archaeological data in several formats and languages. It represents a common effort to contribute to the creation of linguistic and terminological resources for the domain of Cultural Heritage (CH) and, in particular, for the sub-domain of archaeology, which is notably highly complex and fragmented. One of the first results of the Archaeo-Term project is the creation of a multilingual terminological resource for the domain of archaeology, which can be conveniently employed in different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including Machine Translation (MT). The first version of the Archaeo-Term multilingual terminological resource is available in 5 languages: Italian, English, Spanish, German, and Dutch and is publicly accessible online. With the objective of promoting a common and shared termbase across different languages, the Archaeo-Term terminological resource is addressed not only to a specialized audience such as experts in the field of archaeology but also as terminological support for translators and interpreters during their professional practice, as well as for a more general audience. The terminological resource is the result of an extraction and aggregation process carried out starting from two already existing thesauri: the Italian "Thesaurus per la definizione dei reperti archeologici" developed by the Italian Central Institute for Catalogue and Documentation (Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione-ICCD) and the multilingual Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) developed by the Getty Research Institute, which is among the most trustworthy and accurate resources in the domain of Cultural Heritage. Taking advantage of the Semantic Web formalisms applied to these terminological resources, we are able to extract and merge information from the aforementioned thesauri using SPARQL queries. Indeed, we run different queries against the SPARQL endpoint to enrich our multilingual terminological resource by extracting useful information about the different terminological entries. The information extracted and merged from these thesauri by means of several consecutive queries is as follows: the equivalent terms in the foreseen languages, the alternative terms and the plural forms, the domains and sub-domains, the definitions of the terms, and their sources. Furthermore, the extraction phase has been followed by an evaluation step aimed at checking missing information, verifying and adjusting possible misalignments among entries, and setting potential future implementations. As an ongoing project, we are also planning to enlarge the terminological resource with equivalent terms in other languages such as French, Swedish, Polish, Russian, and Chinese, with the aim of extending the language coverage also to non-European languages which are usually under-represented and low-resourced. As a first implementation with regards to the first version of the terminological Revue de Traduction et Langues

Résumé : Cet article présente un modèle en SHS de périodisation des ports (HST-PORT) et une ontologie de référence, appelée Port History Ontology (PHO) dont les classes, les propriétés et la structure sont issues du modèle HST-PORT et des sources historiques disponibles. Cette ontologie réutilise l’ontologie CIDOC CRM et DOLCE. Comme CIDOC CRM ne permet la représentation du temps (instant et intervalle) que par des chaînes de caractères, nous avons réutilisé l’ontologies "OWL-Time" pour définir les périodes de stabilité (intervalles de temps). Afin d’assurer la géolocaliation des artefacts, nous avons réutilisé l’ontologie WGS84-pos. Mots-clés : Ontologies, Histoire des sciences et techniques, périodisation des ports, CIDOC-CRM, OWLTIME.

La societe numerique a profondement modifie nos methodes de travail. Elle a egalement rendu possible de nouvelles pratiques liees au traitement de l'information pour lesquelles la terminologie joue un role central. L'aide a la traduction, les moteurs de recherche semantique (multilingue), la gestion des connaissances, les bibliotheques numeriques specialisees, etc. sont autant d'applications qui requierent une operationnalisation des terminologies, c'est-a-dire une representation computationnelle (informatique) de leur systeme notionnel. Dans ce cadre, les ontologies issues de l'ingenierie des connaissances constituent aujourd'hui une des voies les plus prometteuses pour la terminologie. Definie comme « une conceptualisation d'un domaine, c'est-a-dire une definition formelle (dans un langage comprehensible par un ordinateur) des concepts et de leurs relations decrivant une realite partagee par une communaute de pratique », l'ontologie vise un obje...

Cet article propose de comparer deux approches outillees pour la construction de terminologies dont le systeme conceptuel est une ontologie formelle. Le premier, Protege, est le logiciel le plus utilise pour la construction et la maintenance d’ontologies. Logiciel libre, il est supporte par une tres large communaute d’utilisateurs. Sa theorie du concept (classe) repose sur la logique des descriptions. Le second, Tedi, est une methode outillee de construction d’ontoterminologies qui se veut en accord avec la facon de penser des experts. Il repose sur une theorie du concept compatible avec les normes ISO en Terminologie. Le domaine d’application choisi releve des Humanites Numeriques. Notre exemple se limite a la definition de quelques termes designant differents types de vases de la Grece antique. Les criteres de comparaison pris en compte portent sur le logiciel lui-meme (architecture, disponibilite, ergonomie, interoperabilite, documentation), sur la dimension conceptuelle (theorie...

En el contexto del crecimiento exponencial del conocimiento humano, estrechamente relacionado con el desarrollo de la sociedad de la informacion, Internet ha resultado ser una herramienta clave para crear y compartir conocimiento. Gracias a Internet, se hace posible a acceder a una gran cantidad de informacion permanentemente actualizada. Desde el punto de vista del usuario, esto es posible por el desarrollo de herramientas tecnologicas especializadas y al creciente papel del usuario como fuente de informacion, todo ello en el contexto de la web 2.0. Sin embargo, a menudo esta informacion resulta desorganizada, desestructurada y de escasa fiabilidad, por lo que el usuario no puede satisfacer sus necesidades de informacion. Para solventar estas dificultades, en estos momentos estamos asistiendo a la creacion de la web semantica, que es una vision de la web que se caracteriza por hacer posible que las maquinas comprendan el conocimiento humano, permitiendo una recuperacion de informac...

La societe numerique a profondement modifie nos methodes de travail. Elle a egalement rendu possible de nouvelles pratiques liees au traitement de l'information pour lesquelles la terminologie joue un role central. L'aide a la traduction, les moteurs de recherche semantique (multilingue), la gestion des connaissances, les bibliotheques numeriques specialisees, etc. sont autant d'applications qui requierent une operationnalisation des terminologies, c'est-a-dire une representation computationnelle (informatique) de leur systeme notionnel. Dans ce cadre, les ontologies issues de l'ingenierie des connaissances constituent aujourd'hui une des voies les plus prometteuses pour la terminologie. Definie comme « une conceptualisation d'un domaine, c'est-a-dire une definition formelle (dans un langage comprehensible par un ordinateur) des concepts et de leurs relations decrivant une realite partagee par une communaute de pratique », l'ontologie vise un obje...

Résumé. L'acquisition des connaissances terminologiques de l'entreprise se fait souvent à partir des textes qu'elle utilise. Dans le cadre de ce travail, la base de connaissances terminologiques repose sur la modélisation des concepts-métier sous la forme d'une ...

The conceptual modelling built from text is rarely an ontology. As a matter of fact, such a conceptualization is corpus-dependent and does not offer the main properties we expect from ontology. Furthermore, ontology extracted from text in general does not match ontology defined by expert using a formal language. It is not surprising since ontology is an extra-linguistic conceptualization whereas knowledge extracted from text is the concern of textual linguistics. Incompleteness of text and using rhetorical figures, like ellipsis, modify the perception of the conceptualization we may have. Ontological knowledge, which is necessary for text understanding, is not in general embedded into documents.

Diferentes vocabulários e contextos são obstáculos para a comunicação entre pessoas ou sistemas de software. É preciso um entendimento comum sobre o domínio que se conversa, a fim de se obter uma interpretação correta das informações. Uma ontologia modela formalmente a estrutura de um domínio e explicita o seu entendimento compartilhado sob a forma de conceitos e relações que emergem de sua observação. Constitui-se em uma espécie de arcabouço para o mapeamento ao significado da informação sobre a qual se conversa. O rigor formal com que são definidas, por meio de axiomas, permite que sejam processáveis por máquina, implicando na interoperabilidade de sistemas. Estruturado dessa forma, o conhecimento é facilmente transferido entre pessoas ou sistemas de diferentes contextos. Ontologias apresentam diversas aplicações atualmente. São consideradas a infraestrutura da Web Semântica, a qual é composta por recursos Web com significado embutido. Dessa forma, permite que sejam executadas tarefas complexas automaticamente, tirando proveito da comunicação efetiva entre agentes de software da Web. Entre outras aplicações, também vem sendo utilizadas para estruturar o conhecimento gerado por diversas áreas, como Biologia e Engenharia de Software.

Actualmente las ontologías son consideradas uno de los pilares de la web semántica por todas las ventajas que ellas pueden ofrecer en la representación formal del conocimiento. Paralelamente a esto, a medida que el campo de las ontologías se va desarrollando, la cantidad de usuarios no expertos en lenguajes de etiquetado va creciendo. Surge entonces la necesidad de contar con herramientas automatizadas que permitan una sencilla interacción con el usuario a fin de facilitar la creación y diseño de ontologías de propósito específico. En este trabajo se presenta OntoACTION, una herramienta de software que permita al usuario definir ontologías activas mediante grafos o mediante lenguajes de etiquetado, traduciéndolas al conjunto de axiomas procesables por una máquina razonadora de ontologías ACTION. Para probar la herramienta se especificó de forma gráfica y textual el dominio de los fenómenos climatológicos dado por el Servicio de

Domain ontologies facilitate the organization, sharing, and reuse of domain knowledge. The construction of ontologies from text deals with the extraction of concepts and relations from text collection. A huge challenge is the learning of more expressive ontologies which includes relations such as disjointness or equivalence between classes. In our work, we exploit a text collection written in English with occurrence of named entities giving information about individuals in an specific domain knowledge for generating axioms. The co-ocurrence in texts of named entities is exploited to establish axiomatic relations between classes such as subClassOf, disjointWith, and equivalentClass; as well as between individuals as sameIndividualAs by using the instanceOf relation. For this purpose, a Named Entity Recognition tool was used for the identification of instanceOf relation, the linguistic context where the classes co-occur was extracted for the identification of axioms. The experiments were made on a text collection about the tourist domain. The results show that named entities provide good evidence for the identification of axiomatic relations.

Domain ontologies facilitate the organization, sharing, and reuse of domain knowledge. The construction of ontologies from text deals with the extraction of concepts and relations from text collection. A huge challenge is the learning of more expressive ontologies which includes relations such as disjointness or equivalence between classes. In our work, we exploit a text collection written in English with occurrence of named entities giving information about individuals in an specific domain knowledge for generating axioms. The co-ocurrence in texts of named entities is exploited to establish axiomatic relations between classes such as subClassOf, disjointWith, and equivalentClass; as well as between individuals as sameIndividualAs by using the instanceOf relation. For this purpose, a Named Entity Recognition tool was used for the identification of instanceOf relation, the linguistic context where the classes co-occur was extracted for the identification of axioms. The experiments were made on a text collection about the tourist domain. The results show that named entities provide good evidence for the identification of axiomatic relations.

Mastitis is a cow disease caused by an infection in the mammary gland due to bacteria entering through the skin. This disease can have repercussions directly on the quality of the milk and thus, on the incomes of the producers. Therefore, the objective of this work was creating ontology with mastitis in order to provide a tool for veterinarians, which helps in the search of information related to different cases and treatments. Methontology and Protege methodologies were respectively used in order to develop and formalize the ontology. As a result of the process, it was obtained an ontology integration model for mastitis, with an information system for medical diagnose.