Process Flow Diagram

Ao professor Jose Sergio da Rocha Neto, pela orientacao e apoio dedicados ao longo deste trabalho. Aos professores Gurdip Singh Deep e Raimundo Carlos Silverio Freire pelo apoio. Ao professor Amauri Oliveira, pelas conversas esclarecedoras, apoio e incentivo. Cesar Andrade Vieira e Jose Esivaldo dos Santos e a todos os colegas do Laboratorio de Instrumenta^ao Eletronica e Controle (LIEC) que de uma forma ou de outra contribuiram na realizac^o deste trabalho. Ao CNPq pela oportunidade e auxilio concedidos para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Ao Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Maranhao (CEFET -MA), pela liberacao para realizagao deste trabalho. IV RESUMO zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG Apresenta-se neste trabalho, o projeto e a implementacao de um prototipo de instrumento para analise termica diferencial (ATD), baseado na utilizacao do microcontrolador MC68HC11 da Motorola. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Considera96es de projeto para o controle da taxa de variagao da temperatura da unidade de aquecimento sao apresentadas, bem como a implementacao de uma interace amigavel para o instrumento. O projeto dos controladores foi validado com dados obtidos por simulacjao, e com dados experimentais adquiridos com auxflio de umazyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA interface GPIB. Finalmente, apresenta-se insaios de ATD com o instrumento implementado, utilizando-se amostras de argilominerais, cujos termogramas sao conhecidos na literatura especializada, comparando-os aos obtidos atraves do instrumento desenvolvido para avaliac^o de desempenho do sistema.

Abstract
Throughout the process of consolidating democracy, Guinea-Bissau has
integrated a considerable number of international, non-governmental organizations,
adopting the promotion of human and social rights as part of its principles, seeking to
solve endemic problems that affect several urban communities and rural areas in close
collaboration with development partners.
This dissertation aims to analyze the influence of the Guinean executive on the
sustainable management of non-governmental organizations operating in the country.
The study addresses the political, administrative, legislative and cooperation instruments
used by the State to inform the process of implementing a harmonization framework
between the parties involved in the social sector.
The research covers Guinean literature, highlighting the work of several non
governmental organizations in the fight against poverty, eradicating hunger, promoting
gender equality, and improving the quality of the health and education system. The
evidence presented is based on the qualitative research method, using the case study
approach.
As a main conclusion, there is a significant participation of potential partners in
defining the objectives of the non-governmental organizations sector in Guinea-Bissau,
due to their ability to provide financial, material and technical resources that the State
does not have, becoming instruments essential for adapting social responses.
Keywords: non-governmental organizations, social public policies,
development, sustainability, social well-being.

A methodology is described for developing a gate-to-gate life cycle inventory (LCI) of a chemical manufacturing process to support the application of life cycle assessment in the design and regulation of sustainable chemicals. The inventories were derived by first applying process design and simulation to develop a process flow diagram describing the energy and basic material flows of the system. Additional techniques developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for estimating uncontrolled emissions from chemical processing equipment were then applied to obtain a detailed emission profile for the process. Finally, land use for the process was estimated using a simple sizing model. The methodology was applied to a case study of acetic acid production based on the Cativa process. The results reveal improvements in the qualitative LCI for acetic acid production compared to commonly used databases and top-down methodologies. The modeling techniques improve the quantitative LCI results for inputs and uncontrolled emissions. With provisions for applying appropriate emission controls, the proposed method can provide an estimate of the LCI that can be used for subsequent life cycle assessments.

The objective of this work is to present the complete design and simulation of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based differential capacitive accelerometer developed to detect tremor signals in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The primary challenge is to address the difficulties of sensing at low frequencies (below 10 Hz) associated with tremors in multiple sclerosis (MS). The design mainly focuses on the 3.5 to 7.5 Hz band of frequencies. The methods used in the design of the accelerometer consider these multiple attributes to provide optimization with regard to resonance frequency, mechanical stability, and sensitivity. The design is validated by performing finite element analysis (FEA) in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The mechanical properties of the accelerometer are characterized by the development of analytical models to compute resonance frequency and effective spring constant. The FEA results show that the system has a resonance frequency of 5.5 Hz, and the maximum displacement is around 1.77 μm under an acceleration of 0.04 g taking into account bias voltage at operation 10 V in air as external condition for this study; hence mechanical sensitivity was found to be about 44.25 μm. The accelerometer exhibits a considerable dynamic range: from static forces up to near resonant frequencies with very high level sensitivities; linearity also outperforms previous research studies. The feasibility of using a MEMS differential capacitive accelerometer in the effective and accurate evaluation/quantification of tremor signals from MS patients is demonstrated as an emerging technology. Specific documentation and analyzed tremors could have a dramatic impact on many areas of disease identification/management especially in the area of multiple sclerosis.

The safe operation of the Electric Power System is crucial. To occur this, is necessary the design and planning of it in simulation environments. A key point is the adequate representation of load-frequency control loops, allowing stability and performance analysis. Therefore, in this paper we propose the hydraulic amplifier modeling, which is found in the Governor of Hydropower Plants. In addition, due to the nonlinear characteristics being in hydraulic amplifier components, its representation is established using structure given by Piecewise Affine Systems (PWA). It is also proposed a Predictive Control strategy which uses the PWA models of the hydraulic amplifier components for the output prediction equation. Simulation results compares the performance of Predictive Control strategy presented with the classical PID Control strategy. Keywords— Process Control, Piecewise Affine Systems, Governor, Predictive Control. Resumo— A operação segura do Sistema Elétrico de Potência é fundam...

(FEA), pela oportunidade a mim proporcionada. À FAPESP, financiamento deste projeto (00/00437-0). Ao Prof. Dr. Vivaldo Silveira Junior por sua orientação, durante toda a minha formação neste departamento. Aos membros da banca, pelo enriquecimento do conteúdo deste trabalho. Agradeço, em especial, o Izaias, nosso querido Zazá, que me acompanhou de pertinho, todo o período dos meus experimentos, me ajudando, dando força e me animando nos momentos de desespero! Ao pessoal da Ecom de Jundiaí, em especial ao Thiago e Ricardo, pela impecável assistência e suporte técnico dado durante a realização dos ensaios experimentais. Ao amigo Alfredo, por todo o carinho, compreensão, ajuda, amizade de todos estes anos. Às amizades feitas nestes anos de Unicamp, que espero que perdurem por muito, muuiiito tempo: IULHQGV Luciano e Ana, Márcio e Graça, Fifa e Costa, e à companhia agradável de todos do Laboratório de Bioengenharia (LEB).

The primary aim of our project is to replace the PID instrument with virtual PID that has equal controlling capabilities as that of instrument. This designing is possible on software called LabVIEW developed by National Instruments. We also intend to use a DAQ card for interfacing with the hardware. This DAQ card is product of the same company National Instruments. The hardware is a Multiloop Trainer Kit mounted with a tank whose level has to be controlled using a feedback control loop. The flow of project execution is: The designed PID will be generating the necessary controlling electronic signal. This signal will be acquired by DAQ card. The DAQ card transfers it to the I to P converter which will convert the electrical pulses 4-20mA into pneumatic signal 3-15psig to actuate the control valve. This conversion take place as the control valve acts on pneumatic signals only. The control valve controls the fluid flow to maintain the fluid level in tank. The tank is fitted with a capa...

UNIFESP) em Diadema realizou um experimento laboratorial de calibração de medidores de vazão. O objetivo do experimento foi determinar e comparar a perda de carga em medidores de vazão do tipo Venturi e placa de orifício, utilizando para isso a água como fluido em diferentes vazões. Como também determinar os coeficientes de descarga para ambos os medidores. Nas operações industriais é fundamental o monitoramento do fluxo de líquidos, gases e até mesmo sólidos. Os tubos de Venturi são medidores de vazão recomendados quando se deseja obter pouca perda de carga, o equipamento é em formato cônico contendo um estrangulamento gradual crônico e uma descarga com saída suave . As placas de orifício são os dispositivos mais simples para se criar uma pressão diferencial, por se tratar de uma placa metálica redonda com um orifício na sua região central. A variação repentina na área de escoamento nos medidores de orifício causa um redemoinho considerável e, portanto, perda de carga significativa . A seleção de um medidor de vazão depende de fatores como custo, precisão, necessidade de calibração e facilidade de instalação e manutenção. Alguns desses fatores são comparados na Tabela 1 para medidores de placa de orifício e Venturi.

In scheduling, estimations are affected by the imprecision of limited information on future events, and the reduction in the number and level of detail of activities. Overlapping of processes and activities requires the study of their continuity, along with analysis of the risks associated with imprecision. In this line, this paper proposes a fuzzy heuristic model for the Project Scheduling Problem with flows and minimal feeding, time and work Generalized Precedence Relations with a realistic approach to overlapping, in which the continuity of processes and activities is allowed in a discretionary way. This fuzzy algorithm handles the balance of process flows, and computes the optimal fragmentation of tasks, avoiding the interruption of the critical path and reverse criticality. The goodness of this approach is tested on several problems found in the literature; furthermore, an example of a 15-story building was used to compare the better performance of the algorithm implemented in Visual Basic for Applications (Excel) over that same example input in Primavera© P6 Professional V8.2.0, using five different scenarios.

Introduction: Intermountain Healthcare is a fully integrated delivery system based in Salt Lake City, Utah. As a learning healthcare system with a mission of performance excellence, it became apparent that population health management and our efforts to move towards shared accountability would require additional patientcentric metrics in order to provide the right care to the right patients at the right time. Several European countries have adopted social deprivation indices in measuring the impact that social determinants can have on health. Such indices provide a geographic, area-based measure of how socioeconomically deprived residents of that area are on average. Intermountain's approach was to identify a proxy measure that did not require front-line data collection and could be standardized for our patient population, leading us to the area deprivation index or ADI. This paper describes the specifications and calculation of an ADI for the state of Utah. Results are presented along with introduction of three use cases demonstrating the potential for application of an ADI in quality improvement in a learning healthcare system. Case Description: The Utah ADI shows promise in providing a proxy for patient-reported measures reflecting key socioeconomic indicators useful for tailoring patient interventions to improve health care delivery and patient outcomes. Strengths of this approach include a consistent standardized measurement of social determinants, use of more granular block group level measures and a limited data capture burden for front-line teams. While the methodology is generalizable to other communities, results of this index are limited to block groups within the state of Utah and will differ from national calculations or calculations for other states. The use of composite measures to evaluate individual characteristics must also be approached with care. Other limitations with the use of U.S. Census data include use of estimates and missing data. Conclusion: Initial applications in three meaningfully different areas of an integrated health system provide initial evidence of its broad applicability in addressing the impact of social determinants on health. The variation in socioeconomic status by quintile also has potential for clinical significance, though more research is needed to link variation in ADI with variation in health outcomes overall and by disease type. acknowledge analytic support provided by Marissa Taddie,

In industrial processes, oscillatory and non oscillatory disturbances usually travel along propagation paths, and are indicative of degradation in control loops, disturbances, limitations in equipments or control system. In this work, a methodology based in two algorithms from literature to detect these disturbances and the root cause analysis of theses disturbances is proposed. The detection of oscillatory signals is done using the filtered autocorrelation from the power spectral density. The non-periodic disturbances are detected through analysis of principal components of the power spectral density filter. The diagnosis of both disturbances is made based on the cause and effect relations of the loops and energy analysis. The application of the methodology to a power plant illustrates the usefulness of the proposed algorithms.

Diesel engine technology has been driven by stringent regulation. To fulfill this demand emission control systems are constantly improving The diesel-powered engines are major pollutant sources of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. All the chemistry of pollutants formation is linked to the combustion, which is directly influenced by concentrations of reagents admitted to the cylinder. The controlled recirculation of exhaust gases to intake chamber is a commonly applied technique to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions of the diesel engines. Engines installed in vehicles are subject to variations in operation due to the vehicle dynamics, such as accelerations or gear shifting, that produce changes in pressures and gases flow, affecting the clean air and recirculated gas mixture proportion admitted to the engine cylinder. The control of the gases therefore plays an important role in pollutant emissions reduction. The goal of this study is the design and analysis of decentralized and multivariable control systems applied to the air management of a diesel engine. To enhance the study representativeness, it is identified a set of dynamic models of the air system of a diesel engine to use in design and of control simulation. The optimal control condition is determined by cost functions reduction. Two different control structure and tuning alternatives are studied and the controller performance and their characteristics are compared. The results indicate that the multivariable proposal (LQR controller with integral action) reduces interferences in the control due to the coupling between variables, it also reduces the settling time of all controlled variables, however the implementation aspects must be evaluated more deeply. The impacts on emissions caused by controller response characteristics and performance are discussed in the work. Reliability and implementation aspects are also discussed.

remota instalada na sede da TRANSPETRO no Rio de Janeiro, de onde são operados oleodutos, gasodutos e polidutos da empresa. C1-Metano. C2-Etano. C3-Propano. GLP-Gás Liquefeito de Petróleo. Interface-Mistura entre dois produtos diferentes formados no transporte de bateladas contíguas destes dois produtos em um poliduto. nC4-Normal butano. NGPA-National Gas Processors Association (Associação Nacional Norte-Americana dos Processadores de Gás). OSBRA-Oleoduto São Paulo-Brasília. PETROBRAS-Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. PFE-Ponto Final de Ebulição. Temperatura em que a evaporação de uma amostra cessa em um ensaio de destilação. PIE-Ponto Inicial de Ebulição. Temperatura em que a evaporação de uma amostra se inicia em um ensaio de destilação. "Pig"-Equipamento inserido no interior de tubulações, deslocado pelo fluido sendo transportado e com funções diversas como: separação de bateladas, limpeza da parede interna da tubulação, etc.. "Pig" instrumentado-"Pig" dotado de equipamentos eletrônicos para medição e registro de características do duto. Pode ter funções diversas como detecção de perdas de massa da parede do tubo, localização de soldas circunferenciais, detecção da geometria do tubo ao longo de seu desenvolvimento, detecção de trincas, etc.. Poliduto-Duto que transporta mais de um produto. xx Ponto de Fulgor-Temperatura mínima em que ocorre combustão, que não se sustenta, dos gases evaporados de uma amostra de combustível em aquecimento, na presença de fonte de ignição. Proteção catódica-Técnica que torna as reações de corrosão de estrutura metálicas termodinamicamente impossíveis, transformando esta estrutura no catodo de uma pilha artificial através da injeção de corrente elétrica contínua. QAV-Querosene de Aviação. QINTER-Querosene intermediário. REPLAN-Refinaria do Planalto. Resíduo de evaporação-Porcentagem volumétrica de GLP que não se evapora na pressão atmosférica e na temperatura de 37,8 °C. Sangria-Operação que consiste em desviar de forma controlada parte do fluxo sendo transportado em um duto para um terminal interligado a ele.

Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses generally provide the best evidence for medical research. Authors are recommended to use flow diagrams to present the review process, allowing for better understanding among readers. However, no studies as of yet have assessed the quality of flow diagrams in systematic review/meta-analyses. Our study aims to evaluate the quality of systematic review/meta-analyses over a period of ten years, by assessing the quality of the flow diagrams, and the correlation to the methodological quality. Two hundred articles of "systematic review" and/or "meta-analysis" from January 2004 to August 2015 were randomly retrieved in Pubmed to be assessed for the flow diagram and methodological qualities. The flow diagrams were evaluated using a 16-grade scale corresponding to the four stages of PRISMA flow diagram. It composes four parts: Identification, Screening, Eligibility and Inclusion. Of the 200 articles screened, 154 articles were includ...

Um elemento de combustível "dummy" instrumentado (DMPV-01) com as mesmas características geométricas de um elemento de combustível MTR foi projetado e construído para experimentos de medição de distribuição de vazão no núcleo do reator IEA-R1. Esse elemento instrumentado também foi usado para medir a distribuição de vazão entre os canais retangulares formados pelas placas do elemento combustível. Duas sondas com tomadas de pressão foram construídas e montadas dentro dos canais de escoamento para medir a queda de pressão, enquanto a velocidade de escoamento foi calculada usando uma equação

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de medidas experimentais de queda de pressão realizadas no reator IEA-R1 com o elemento instrumentado DMPV-01 [1-2]. Essas medidas foram comparadas com as medidas obtidas pelo dispositivo de medida de queda de pressão no núcleo. Desta comparação, concluiu-se que é possível utilizar as medidas do dispositivo de queda de pressão no núcleo para indiretamente estimar a vazão média através dos elementos combustíveis (EC) sem precisar usar o DMPV-01 cada vez que se deseje conhecer a vazão nos EC. A diferença entre as quedas de pressão foi da ordem de 6%, que resulta numa

Context: In the emerging Learning Health System (LHS), the application and generation of medical knowledge are a natural outgrowth of patient care. Achieving this ideal requires a physician workforce adept in information systems, quality improvement methods, and systems-based practice to be able to use existing data to inform future care. These skills are not currently taught in medical school or graduate medical education.Case Description: We initiated a first-ever Learning Health Systems Training Program (LHSTP) for resident physicians. The curriculum builds analytical, informatics and systems engineering skills through an active-learning project utilizing health system data that culminates in a final presentation to health system leadership.Findings: LHSTP has been in place for two years, with 14 participants from multiple medical disciplines. Challenges included scheduling, mentoring, data standardization, and iterative optimization of the curriculum for real-time instruction. S...

The production of hazelnuts represents an important resource for several Italian rural areas. Sicily and Piedmont, two of the most important producers of hazelnuts, are affected by the presence of the dormouse (Glis glis), that has considerably severely harmed the production of hazelnuts. This study aims to analyse the issue in the Province of Cuneo in Piedmont and to evaluate the sustainability of the policies implemented by using the System Dynamics (SD) methodology. An SD predator-prey microworld was built to reproduce the main relevant cause and effect relationships between the development of the dormouse population and local hazelnut production. The results of the SD microworld simulation show the effects of reduction policies on hazelnut production over time. The findings and further research recommendations are briefly reported in the conclusion section.

Le modele pluie-debit CANOE est evalue sur un bassin versant nantais instrumente par le LCPC depuis 1998 (bassin versant des Gohards). Deux objectifs sont vises. Une etude de sensibilite est tout d'abord menee. Celle-ci analyse l'influence des parametres d'entree du modele sur les resultats de la modelisation, et permet au concepteur de definir ces valeurs. Cette etude montre l'importance des parametres de la fonction de production comme, par exemple, le type de coefficient de ruissellement. Dans un second temps, les debits de pointe simules pour une periode de retour de 5 ans sont compares aux debits mesures in situ, classes par une etude statistique, afin de tester la capacite du modele a reproduire des debits de pointe. les resultats de la determination des debits de pointe quinquennaux par le modele sont encourageants, notamment lors de la simulation d'une pluie de projet de type double triangle. Le choix du type de coefficient de ruissellement joue la aussi ...

O coeficiente de perda de carga e um parâmetro adimensional indicativo do processo inevitavel e irreversivel de transformacao de parte da energia de um fluido em escoamento em parcelas nao uteis. A minimizacao do referido adimensional e certamente desejavel especialmente no que tange a necessidade de despender a menor quantidade de energia possivel em processos como o de bombeamento. Para dispositivos como valvulas ha possibilidade da escolha de geometrias internas que objetivam diminuir tanto a quantidade quanto a intensidade de vortices e regioes de separacao no escoamento. Essas regioes sao as principais causadoras do aumento do coeficiente de perda de carga. Atraves do software comercial Ansys CFX® foram modeladas e simuladas diversas geometrias internas de valvulas globo. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira foi estudado o escoamento no interior da valvula, mantidas as caracteristicas construtivas tipicamente encontradas no mercado. Na segunda etapa foi ...

Colunas recheadas têm sido usadas para fazer a separação por destilação de misturas líquidas desde o início deste século. Entretanto, pouca pesquisa foi feita nas universidades sobre as colunas recheadas e as interpretações teóricas dadas são muitas vezes inadequadas para muitas aplicações. Por exemplo, o problema da predição da queda de pressão e da capacidade máxima para fluxo em contracorrente de um gás e/ou líquido em leitos recheados requerem estudos adicionais. Além disto, é de fundamental importância dispor de valores dos coeficientes de transferência de massa para o dimensionamento destes equipamentos. Este trabalho faz parte de um projeto em que um dos objetivos é obter dados sobre os coeficientes de transferência de massa de sistemas multicomponentes, avaliando a possibilidade de descrição do seu comportamento através de dados experimentais de sistemas binários. Os experimentos serão realizados em uma coluna com diâmetro igual a 4 cm, recheada com anéis de Raschig de 4 mm, operando com refluxo total. Inicialmente, foi feita a identificação das potencialidades do equipamento, analisando a forma de determinar vazões e definindo acessórios para aumentar sua versatilidade, sendo instalados um medidor de queda de pressão e um trocador de calor. Atualmente estão sendo determinadas características do recheio e sendo feitos testes iniciais de destilação para determinação da velocidade de inundação. (PIBIC)

En el desarrollo de proyectos en la disciplina de la Ingeniería de Control e Instrumentación de Procesos Industriales (Instrumentation y Control, I y C), el ingeniero de especialidad trabaja sobre documentos provenientes que, en etapas iniciales de un proyecto, vienen de la fase de Ingeniería Conceptual. Uno de los documentos primordiales para esto es el diagrama de flujo del proceso (Process Flow Diagram, PFD), el cual a su vez, se empleará para el diseño del PyID (Piping and Instrument Diagram). De esta forma, una de las tareas primarias para el Ingeniero de IyC es recoger la información de requerimientos para el sistema de control desde el Ingeniero de Procesos. Sin embargo, hay requerimientos que no son de fácil detección, dado que son transversales a muchas de las disciplinas involucradas en el desarrollo de la Ingeniería, donde se superponen especialidades. En este artículo, se aborda el Análisis de Operación y Riesgos (Hazop), como una da las herramientas fundamentales que de...

Neste trabalho apresenta-se o estudo do desenvolvimento de um controlador não-tradicional baseado em um mecanismo de histerese com auto-ajuste para o controle de nível de líquido de um sistema de separação e bombeio submarino conhecido como VASPS. O controlador desenvolvido gera sinais enviados para a bomba centrífuga submersa para controlar o nível de líquido no tanque do separador, evitando que ele atinja valores muito baixos que poderiam danificar a bomba ou valores muito altos que reduziriam a eficiência da separação líquido/gás. Os sinais de controle gerados pelo controlador visam solicitar a bomba o mínimo possível de modo a evitar o seu desgaste e falhas prematuras. Nas simulações, o controlador desenvolvido foi testado sob grandes variações nas condições de operação, tais como golfadas, produzindo resultados bastante satisfatórios e promissores.

The oil production scenario has been becoming more and more complex and severe in the recent years. Plenty discoveries in deeper and more diversified formations have been requiring cutting edge technological solutions., such that the production has been deployed side by side with the technological development. Thus, the need for the enhancement of the recuperation factor in order to justify the investment in these new conditions are actual challenges within the recent design of wells, artificial lift systems and secondary recuperation projects, which has been leading to the development towards subsea integrated solutions, such as the VASPS subsea separator. However, the control of continuous processes, i.e. flow, temperature and pressure, is still dealt the same way it was done when the offshore production in light oil fields began. This work envisions the enhancement of the operational performance of the VASPS system, measured as a function of the total costs implied by the technology, altogether with the receipts generated in the gas and oil production, as well as the delivering of new methodologies for the design of controllers using late technologies of intelligent control. Also, it is worth recalling that nowadays the control task is dealt with automation solutions, without the proper handling, causing failures in equipments that require expensive rig intervention for workover. The controllers proposed in this work are designed to minimize the control effort, to which these actuators are exposed, providing extended lifetime to the high level production artificial lift technologies, being also able to be applied to other related processes in a modular form.

Progressing cavity pump artificial lift method is very efficient in the production of oils with high viscosity and oils which carry a great amount of sand. This characteristic converted this lift method into the second most useful one in oil fields production. The greater the number of applications of progressing cavity pumping method, the greater the necessity of specifying the best operational set point in order to optimize the oil production. This paper presents the simulation and application of a PI-Fuzzy controller and the PI-conventional control to optimize pumping velocity to achieve productivity and durability of downhole components. These two techniques are compared through simulation and field implementation results are presented.

Data quality and fitness for analysis are crucial if outputs of analyses of electronic health record data or administrative claims data should be trusted by the public and the research community. We describe a data quality analysis tool (called Achilles Heel) developed by the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Collaborative (OHDSI) and compare outputs from this tool as it was applied to 24 large healthcare datasets across seven different organizations. We highlight 12 data quality rules that identified issues in at least 10 of the 24 datasets and provide a full set of 71 rules identified in at least one dataset. Achilles Heel is a freely available software that provides a useful starter set of data quality rules with the ability to add additional rules. We also present results of a structured email-based interview of all participating sites that collected qualitative comments about the value of Achilles Heel for data quality evaluation. Our analysis represents the fi...

O objetivo desta peça é avaliar a implementação de uma planta de produção de cumeno considerado puro (> 99 wt%) a partir da alquilação de Friedel-Crafts de benzeno e propileno, sendo que este último traz consigo propano como impureza (5 wt%) em um reator tubular de leito fixo que utiliza como catalisador ácido fosfórico suportado em kieselguhr (terra diatomácea). Para tal, realizou-se a simulação através do programa Aspen HYSYS a partir das especificações iniciais do projeto. A partir dos dados fornecidos, os parâmetros de design da planta foram calculados, tais como projeto de equipamentos, tubulações e serviços auxiliares, bem como aspectos da segurança, com o objetivo de determinar o ótimo econômico da planta como um todo, enfim procedendo à avaliação financeira, considerando o preço dos reagentes e produtos no mercado vigente em 2018 e, assim, comprovar a viabilidade do sistema no complexo industrial. A planta, uma vez em funcionamento, permitirá a produção em larga escala do composto cumeno, que por sua vez será aplicado como reagente na fabricação de fenol e acetona. Palavras-chave: cumeno, benzeno, propileno, avaliação financeira, processo industrial, catalisadores heterogêneos, ácido fosfórico, kieselguhr

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2009.Este trabalho trata da detecção e diagnóstico de falhas em válvulas de controle contínuo eletricamente moduladas através da avaliação das forças internas da válvula. Estas forças são estimadas por um modelo comportamental de uma válvula saudável, e então comparadas com a força aplicada pelo solenóide ao carretel da válvula através da comparação entre a corrente imposta ao solenóide e estimativas das correntes máxima e mínima que devem ser aplicadas à uma válvula saudável sob determinada condição de operação. Para tanto são apresentadas noções sobre o diagnóstico automatizado de falhas e sobre válvulas de controle contínuo eletricamente moduladas, mais especificamente as válvulas de carretel deslizante servoproporcionais. Em adição, foram apresentadas as falhas mais comuns em válvulas hidráulicas, juntamente com suas causas. Experi...

10 segundos). Nota-se também que são obtidas várias soluções ótimas locais que diferem ligeiramente de acordo com a abordagem utilizada, mas que qualitativamente correspondem a um mesmo conjunto de soluções. Palavras-chave: Síntese de processos. Otimização. Superestrutura. Modelos reduzidos.

The major role of a clinical laboratory is to produce reliable, reproducible, accurate, timely, and correctly interpreted test results to aid clinical decision-making; the ultimate goal must be to assure desirable clinical outcomes. To achieve this goal, laboratories must establish and maintain quality in all laboratory processes, while focusing on cost-effectiveness. Currently, clinical laboratories must handle increasing workloads with a broader spectrum of parameters with the same (or fewer) number of staff and must still deliver consistent results with improved turnaround times (TATs) and with utmost quality. Laboratories influence more than 70% of critical medical decisions, such as admitting, treating, and discharging patients, but make up <5% of all health costs. 1 Nevertheless, clinical laboratories are under increasing pressure to reduce costs while maintaining or even improving quality standards. The ongoing expansion of diagnostic laboratory testing within given budgetary constraints calls for continued efforts to keep the costs affordable. 2,3 One way to achieve this goal is to simplify the entire laboratory process and eliminate "waste," not just from the analytical phase but also from the preand post-analytical phases. The Lean concept is a quality-improvement tool that focuses on providing "value" and improving performance by systematically eliminating waste, which we define as anything that does not add value to the final product or service. 4 Six Sigma is a quality management strategy that makes efforts to improve the quality of processes and focuses on the identification and removal of defects. A defect is considered to be anything that causes dissatisfaction including unnecessary processes and services. It uses a

Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses generally provide the best evidence for medical research. Authors are recommended to use flow diagrams to present the review process, allowing for better understanding among readers. However, no studies as of yet have assessed the quality of flow diagrams in systematic review/meta-analyses. Our study aims to evaluate the quality of systematic review/meta-analyses over a period of ten years, by assessing the quality of the flow diagrams, and the correlation to the methodological quality. Two hundred articles of &quot;systematic review&quot; and/or &quot;meta-analysis&quot; from January 2004 to August 2015 were randomly retrieved in Pubmed to be assessed for the flow diagram and methodological qualities. The flow diagrams were evaluated using a 16-grade scale corresponding to the four stages of PRISMA flow diagram. It composes four parts: Identification, Screening, Eligibility and Inclusion. Of the 200 articles screened, 154 articles were includ...

I would like to express my gratitude to the following people who were very instrumental in making of this thesis work a reality. I am thankful for the precious time they dedicated to guide and motivate me towards the successful completion of this project.

O controle PID (proporcional, integral e derivativo) é importante para assegurar a padronização e segurança de diversos processos químicos de uma indústria, assim como a qualidade de seus produtos. Neste trabalho foram realizadas as modelagens matemáticas teórica e experimental do tanque de aquecimento da planta didática III (PD3) da Smar para posterior sintonia do controlador a ser realizada na parte B deste estudo. A

Introduction: We see increased use of existing observational data in order to achieve fast and transparent production of empirical evidence in health care research. Multiple databases are often used to increase power, to assess rare exposures or outcomes, or to study diverse populations. For privacy and sociological reasons, original data on individual subjects can’t be shared, requiring a distributed network approach where data processing is performed prior to data sharing.Case Descriptions and Variation Among Sites: We created a conceptual framework distinguishing three steps in local data processing: (1) data reorganization into a data structure common across the network; (2) derivation of study variables not present in original data; and (3) application of study design to transform longitudinal data into aggregated data sets for statistical analysis. We applied this framework to four case studies to identify similarities and differences in the United States and Europe: Exploring...

A methodology is described for developing a gate-to-gate life cycle inventory (LCI) of a chemical manufacturing process to support the application of life cycle assessment in the design and regulation of sustainable chemicals. The inventories were derived by first applying process design and simulation to develop a process flow diagram describing the energy and basic material flows of the system. Additional techniques developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for estimating uncontrolled emissions from chemical processing equipment were then applied to obtain a detailed emission profile for the process. Finally, land use for the process was estimated using a simple sizing model. The methodology was applied to a case study of acetic acid production based on the Cativa process. The results reveal improvements in the qualitative LCI for acetic acid production compared to commonly used databases and top-down methodologies. The modeling techniques improve the quantitative LCI results for inputs and uncontrolled emissions. With provisions for applying appropriate emission controls, the proposed method can provide an estimate of the LCI that can be used for subsequent life cycle assessments.

The present project of an industry of isobutene production aims to provide data of process engineering, information and characterization of the necessary compounds so that the production plant can be assembled as a part of an industrial park, or as an independent plant. Using Aspen HYSYS® software to model and simulate the industrial process, data were obtained from the project inputs provided from a propellant plant, Isobutene. The first raw material used is butene from refinery, and hydrogen gas is the second one. Through the simulation data, it was possible to calculate the economic viability, environmental risks, control strategies and the system optimization for the required amount of isobutene, 30.000 tons/year. After the project is completed, the final product will be used as a substitute of CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) which pollute the atmosphere, causing degradation of the ozone layer; as agreed by several countries in the Montreal Protocol. The productive capacity may satisfy companies that wish to make their products environmentally viable or wish to provide isobutane as an intermediary of their reactions.

RESUMO-A medição de algumas variáveis cruciais para o controle de um reator, como a concentração, geralmente não está disponível. Buscando contornar isso, foram desenvolvidos nesse trabalho sensores virtuais baseados em identificação de processos. Sendo aqui empregadas o modelo semi-empírico do filtro de Kalman extendido (FKE) e a rede neural artificial (RNA), dotada do método do algoritmo de otimização de Levenberg-Marquardt, para o monitoramente do processo de produção do propileno glicol (C3H8O2). Sendo estimada a concentração do reagente óxido de propileno (C3H6O) na corrente de saída de um reator químico continuamente agitado, simulado no software Simulink-Matlab®. Os resultados obtidos indicaram melhor desempenho à RNA em comparação com os reaultados do FKE, sendo empregados critérios de erro na avaliação. Para superar esses problemas, surgiram os sensores virtuais (SV), baseados em algoritmos matemáticos, implementados em softwares, os quais utilizam medições físicas, como vazões, pressões, temperaturas, para estimar variáveis químicas oi bioquímicas, tais como as concentrações de reagentes e produtos (MORAIS JR., 2015). Nesse trabalho, foram desenvolvidos dois SV, o filtro de Kalma extendido (FKE) e uma rede neural artificial (RNA) com o método de treinamento de Levenberg-Marquardt, para o monitoramento da concentração de etileno glicol num processo de produção em reator continuamente agitado (CSTR), operando exotermicamente.

Gustavo de Araujo Nº: 04 Turma: 3431 1) Busque as definições dos seguintes termos: a) Automação; Esta palavra tem origem no grego "autómatos" que significa mover-se por si ou que se move sozinho. A automação tem como objetivo facilitar ou inovar em processos. Mas de que forma isso é feito? Para que implemente-se uma ideia, primeiramente desenvolve-se o seu protótipo! b) Processo (na indústria);

Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses generally provide the best evidence for medical research. Authors are recommended to use flow diagrams to present the review process, allowing for better understanding among readers. However, no studies as of yet have assessed the quality of flow diagrams in systematic review/meta-analyses. Our study aims to evaluate the quality of systematic review/meta-analyses over a period of ten years, by assessing the quality of the flow diagrams, and the correlation to the methodological quality. Two hundred articles of &quot;systematic review&quot; and/or &quot;meta-analysis&quot; from January 2004 to August 2015 were randomly retrieved in Pubmed to be assessed for the flow diagram and methodological qualities. The flow diagrams were evaluated using a 16-grade scale corresponding to the four stages of PRISMA flow diagram. It composes four parts: Identification, Screening, Eligibility and Inclusion. Of the 200 articles screened, 154 articles were includ...

Cabin heater '5 Calciner 10 Calender 33. Calibrated pipe run 86 Cap 65 Capillary line 88 Cascade deflector 22 Case 27 Cask 27 Catalyst chamber 22 Catalytic reactor 21 Centrifugal compressor 51 Centrifugal fan 52,53 Centrifugal pump 48 Centrifuge 41 Chain conveyor 34 Chain-operated valve 89 Characterized port valve 79 Check valve 80 Chemical sewer 69 Chimney 43. Classifier 30,31 Classifying screen 29 Closed tank 26 ' Clutch 47 Cock 79 Column 16,18-19 Combustion chamber 13 Comminution equipment 28-29 Compression joint 61 Compressor 51-52 Concentrating table 30 Concentric tube exchanger 3 Condenser 6,18,19,73 Condensing tu rbine 47 Cone crusher 28 Cone-type strainer 67 Conical settling tank 39 Constant load hanger 60. Control valve 2,