Problem solving (Education)

Kutatások szerint a téri orientáció fejlettsége kulcsfontosságú a természettudományok, technológia, mérnöktudomány és matematika (STEM) megértése szempontjából. Ez alapján kutatásunk során azt vizsgáltuk, hogy kimutatható-e összefüggés középiskolás korcsoportnál a matematika osztályzatuk és két különböző vizuális észlelési jellegű feladatsorban elért teljesítményük között. Az egyik esetben térbeli testek síkbeli hálóját kellett a résztvevőknek kiválasztani megadott lehetőségek közül. Minden testhez 4-4 lehetséges hálót kínáltunk fel. Összesen 13 feladatot kellett megoldaniuk a résztvevőknek. A második feladattípusban szintén négy lehetőség közül kellett kiválasztaniuk a bemutatott ingerrel egyező mintázatot. A minták 5x5-ös négyzetek, amelyek egyre komplexebbek, kezdetben kettő, majd három végül négy szín kombinációjából álltak össze. A kutatásban összesen 32 fő vett részt, közülük 12 fiú és 20 lány, valamennyien gimnáziumi tanulók. A feladatokban elért pontszámok és a matematika 9. osztályban szerzett érdemjegyek közötti korreláció szintjét vizsgáltuk. A statisztikai vizsgálat eredménye alapján azt találtuk, hogy a fiúk és lányok teljesítménye között nem mutatkozott szignifikáns eltérés az egyes feladatokban nyújtott teljesítményben. A két különböző feladattípusban nyújtott teljesítmény szoros, pozitív korrelációt mutatott (p<.05) egymással, abban az esetben, ha a lányok teljesítményét vettük alapul, illetve akkor is, ha valamennyi diák eredményét hasonlítottuk össze. A matematika érdemjeggyel kapcsolatban sem volt szoros összefüggés. Ennek valószínűsíthető oka a matematika érdemjegyben megjelenő jóval magasabb számítási és alacsony geometriai feladatok aránya. A kutatás korlátja a kis elemszámú minta és a csak gimnáziumi tanulók vizsgálata. A pilot-jellegű vizsgálatunk kapott eredményeit és korlátait figyelembe véve ígéretes a felmérés kiterjesztése nagyobb létszámú, gimnáziumi és technikumi tanulókból álló mintára, további tantárgyakkal való kapcsolatot vizsgálva

Boredom, traditionally dismissed as an undesirable state of mind, has increasingly been recognized as a catalyst for creativity and innovation. This paper examines the paradoxical role of boredom in fostering imaginative thought and problem-solving. Drawing on historical examples, psychological theories, and neuroscientific insights, it argues that periods of inactivity create the cognitive conditions necessary for novel ideas to emerge. Practical strategies for cultivating constructive boredom are also discussed.

Boredom, traditionally dismissed as an undesirable state of mind, has increasingly been recognized as a catalyst for creativity and innovation. This paper examines the paradoxical role of boredom in fostering imaginative thought and problem-solving. Drawing on historical examples, psychological theories, and neuroscientific insights, it argues that periods of inactivity create the cognitive conditions necessary for novel ideas to emerge. Practical strategies for cultivating constructive boredom are also discussed.

The care of deaf-mute children involves multi-layered care, namely health, social and school care. Only the collaboration of experts from all fields led to setting up to the right direction for comprehensive care –new institutes were created, the procedures of work in teaching, communication and preventive care were unified. The aim of the paper is to introduce the reader on the basis of a historical analysis of primary and secondary sources the significant steps in the development and changes that led to the improvement of care for deaf-mute children in the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic, when the foundations of modern health and social care for the population were laid.

Πώς μπορούν τα Μαθηματικά να περιγράψουν τη διαδικασία της μάθησης;
Στο άρθρο μου παρουσιάζονται μοντέλα όπως:
Η Σιγμοειδής Καμπύλη (Logistic Curve),
Ο Νόμος της Εξάσκησης (Power Law of Practice),
Η Καμπύλη Λήθης του Ebbinghaus,
Το Εφέ Plateau,
Η Ζώνη Επικείμενης Ανάπτυξης του Vygotsky,
Η Θεωρία Γνωστικού Φορτίου και άλλα.
Με απλά παραδείγματα δείχνω πώς οι καμπύλες και οι τύποι συνδέονται με την τάξη και τη διδασκαλία.
Εξηγώ πώς οι εκπαιδευτικοί μπορούν να αξιοποιήσουν αυτά τα μοντέλα για να κατανοήσουν καλύτερα τις ανάγκες των μαθητών και να σχεδιάσουν πιο αποτελεσματικές στρατηγικές.
Αναδεικνύω και τα όρια αυτών των θεωριών, ώστε να μη χρησιμοποιούνται άκριτα αλλά με κριτική παιδαγωγική ματιά.
Διαβάστε το άρθρο και ανακαλύψτε πώς τα Μαθηματικά δεν είναι μόνο για αριθμούς, αλλά και για την ίδια τη μάθηση.

Δημοσίευση: esos.gr (07/09/2025)

Bu calismanin amaci ilkogretim 7.sinif ogrencilerinin gorsel matematik okuryazarligi ozyeterlik algilarinin, gorsel matematik basarilarinin anlamli bir yordayicisi olup olmadigini belirlemektir. Calismada nicel ve nitel verileri bir arada kullanma imkâni veren karma yontemin aciklayici deseni kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin nicel kismi, 2010-2011 ogretim yili ikinci doneminde Dogu Anadolu Bolgesinin bir ilindeki rastgele secilmis on iki ilkogretim okulunun yedinci siniflarinda ogrenim goren 467 ogrenci uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmanin nitel kismi ise ayni ogretim yili ve doneminde amacli ornekleme yontemiyle secilmis ayni ilin bir ilkogretim okulunun yedinci siniflarinda ogrenim goren 60 ogrenci uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmanin sonuclarina gore gorsel matematik okuryazarligi ozyeterlik algisi ile gorsel matematik basarisi arasinda orta duzeyde, pozitif yonlu ve anlamli bir iliski vardir. Ayrica gorsel matematik okuryazarligi ozyeterlik algisi, gorsel matematik bas...

Central questions in metacognitive research are how reliably people’s confidence reflect success and how mental effort is regulated during cognitive tasks. Ackerman’s (2023) Bird’s-Eye View of Cue Integration methodology exposed confidence biases in a geometric problem-solving task. We replicated one experiment, incorporating eye-tracking to expose additional confidence predictors and insights into mental effort regulation. Fifty-four university students performed the task wearing eye-tracking glasses. The original confidence biases were replicated. Notably, the best predictive model for confidence included eye-tracking measures. Mean pupil diameter and number of visits to stimuli uniquely predicted success and confidence, highlighting the role of mental effort investment and attentional shifts. Individual-level analyses revealed that while the eye-tracking measures identified individuals with higher success, they did not reliably predict confidence or resolution (confidence associated with success). These findings underscore the potential of eye-tracking to provide valuable insights into metacognitive monitoring and mental effort regulation, and suggest eye-tracking potential utility when eliciting confidence ratings is impractical.

การทำวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ไม่ได้หยุดอยู่เพียงแค่การเก็บข้อมูล แต่สิ่งสำคัญคือการทำความเข้าใจความหมายที่ซ่อนอยู่เบื้องหลังถ้อยคำและพฤติกรรมของผู้ให้ข้อมูล “การวิเคราะห์คำหลัก” (Domain Analysis) จึงเป็นเครื่องมือที่ช่วยเปิดเผยแก่นความคิดและวัฒนธรรมที่แฝงอยู่ในข้อมูลเหล่านั้น แนวคิดนี้เริ่มจากการค้นหา “สัญลักษณ์” หรือสิ่งที่สะท้อนความหมายทางวัฒนธรรม ไม่ว่าจะเป็นคำพูดสั้น ๆ เรื่องเล่า หรือการกระทำในชีวิตประจำวัน สัญลักษณ์เหล่านี้จะถูกแปลงให้เป็น “รหัส” เพื่อจัดหมวดหมู่และเชื่อมโยงความหมาย นักวิจัยอาจสร้างรหัสขึ้นเอง หรือหยิบคำจริงจากผู้ให้ข้อมูลมาใช้โดยตรงเมื่อได้รหัสจำนวนมาก ขั้นตอนต่อไป คือ การมองหาความสัมพันธ์และจัดระบบตามแนวทางของ Corbin และ Charmaz ผ่านการอ่าน แยก เชื่อมโยง และบูรณาการ จนได้ “คำหลัก” ที่บอกเล่าแก่นของข้อมูลอย่างแท้จริง กระบวนการนี้ไม่เพียงทำให้ข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพถูกจัดการอย่างเป็นระบบ แต่ยังช่วยให้นักวิจัยเข้าถึงความเข้าใจที่ลึกซึ้ง และค้นพบแง่มุมใหม่ ๆ ของเรื่องราวที่ศึกษา

Drill string sticking remains one of the most critical challenges in drilling and fishin g operations, leading to non-productive time and increased operational costs. Conventional mitigation methods, including optimized mud circulation and mechanical jarring, often show limited effectiveness under complex wellbore conditions. This paper introduces a conceptual design of a PDM-based string vibrator equipped with eccentric masses to generate both axial and torsional vibrations. The tool is installed above the overshot and activated through drilling fluid circulation, creating continuous vibrational forces along the drill string. The operating parameters, such as vibration frequency, amplitude, and fluid flow rate, were analyzed using conceptual and theoretical calculations based on operational experience and tool design features. The results indicate a significant reduction in frictional resistance and improved efficiency in fishing scenarios, highlighting the potential of the tool to minimize stuck pipe incidents. The conceptual design provides a promising foundation for experimental validation and future field applications in extended-reach and horizontal wells .

Resumen Esta ponencia explora las percepciones que tienen los docentes de las problemáticas del medio rural y las exigencias que el actual contexto le plantea a la educación rural en pro del desarrollo social sustentable. Se utilizó la Investigación-Acción como enfoque metodológico. En el actual contexto socioeconómico, la Escuela Rural, como nodo social, adquiere un rol trascendente en el Desarrollo Social sustentable, reflejando el sentido de Identidad y Pertenencia de la Población Rural Summary This article collects the information from a exploratory study about the school teacher ' s perception about the problematics in the rural medium and the demands that the present context states to the rural education for the benefit of the social sustainable development. We used the accion-research methodology. In the actual socioeconomic enviroment the rural school must assume a trascendental role in the goals of sustainable development empowering the rural identity.

Se presenta una forma de acercarse a la enseñanza de los conceptos de fuerza y de trabajo para un curso introductorio de física basado en álgebra. Se hace un breve recuento de resultados obtenidos por otros investigadores en cuanto a su conceptualización. Uno de los aspectos tratados es la manera en que se usa el lenguaje, la cual puede ser definitiva para un adecuado aprendizaje de los conceptos, especialmente el de fuerza. Se describe la manera en que se aplica la metodología de enseñanza y los análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los resultados obtenidos en un curso regular de física para estudiantes de ingeniería y ciencias de primer ingreso al nivel superior.

Problem-Based Learning approach (PBLA) promotes motivation and maximizes the potential of students through their acquired science process skills (SPS) and critical thinking skills (CTS). Most of the researches about PBLA focus solely on the SPS or CTS of the students. The study examined the effect of PBLA on both skills of the first-year engineering students in chemistry laboratory subject. Through convenience sampling, the study was carried out on one intact class of Bachelor of Science in Electronics Communication Engineering students enrolled at a state university in Manila during the 2nd semester of SY 2015-2016. Students were motivated through PBL laboratory activities and were facilitated to design their own procedures. Quantitative data was obtained using the Science Process Skills Test and Critical Thinking Appraisal. The results revealed that majority of the students’ SPS was enhanced and developed. There was significant progress on their CTS after exposure to PBLA. Likewis...

Problem-Based Learning approach (PBLA) promotes motivation and maximizes the potential of students through their acquired science process skills (SPS) and critical thinking skills (CTS). Most of the researches about PBLA focus solely on the SPS or CTS of the students. The study examined the effect of PBLA on both skills of the first-year engineering students in chemistry laboratory subject. Through convenience sampling, the study was carried out on one intact class of Bachelor of Science in Electronics Communication Engineering students enrolled at a state university in Manila during the 2nd semester of SY 2015-2016. Students were motivated through PBL laboratory activities and were facilitated to design their own procedures. Quantitative data was obtained using the Science Process Skills Test and Critical Thinking Appraisal. The results revealed that majority of the students’ SPS was enhanced and developed. There was significant progress on their CTS after exposure to PBLA. Likew...

Δημοσίευση: 14/08/2025 esos.gr Γεράσαμε μέσα στην εκπαίδευση, και ακόμα δεν έχουμε καταφέρει να θεσμοθετήσουμε το αυτονόητο: ότι η γνώση παλιώνει-και μαζί της παλιώνει και ο εκπαιδευτικός, αν δεν υπάρχει συνεχής ανανέωση. Το πτυχίο ενός καθηγητή Πληροφορικής ή Βιολογίας του 2000-αν παραμείνει στάσιμο-δεν τον καλύπτει επιστημονικά το 2025. Παρόλα αυτά, κανένας θεσμικός μηχανισμός δεν υποχρεώνει τον εκπαιδευτικό να επικαιροποιεί τις γνώσεις του, ούτε η Πολιτεία φροντίζει συστηματικά για αυτό. Το παρωχημένο «επίδομα βιβλιοθήκης» έσβησε σιωπηλά, χωρίς να αντικατασταθεί από τίποτα. Του Γιάννη Π. Πλατάρου-Μαθηματικού Τι σημαίνει «χρόνος ημιζωής της γνώσης»; Ο όρος «χρόνος ημιζωής της γνώσης» (halflife of knowledge) περιγράφει το χρονικό διάστημα κατά το οποίο η μισή γνώση σε κάποιο γνωστικό πεδίο παύει να είναι επίκαιρη ή θεωρείται εν μέρει ξεπερασμένη.

Comprender un problema con enunciado en ciencias y matemáticas implica construir representaciones mentales en diferentes niveles de abstracción. Las dificultades que los estudiantes de secundaria tienen a la hora de resolver problemas algebraicos con enunciado parecen originarse en la transición entre la representación concreta y la representación matemática de los problemas. Para facilitar este proceso llamado «traducción algebraica del problema», se adapta una «regla para poner un problema en ecuaciones» propuesta por Puig (1998) y se integra en una metodología experimental en la que se busca mejorar la transferencia inter-dominios en ciencias. Los resultados muestran la potencia de la propuesta para superar gran parte de los obstáculos que los estudiantes de estos niveles tienen, con independencia de su rendimiento académico global.

Con este trabajo se quiere analizar el efecto de la denominada alienación semántica en la resolución de problemas verbales de estequiometría. Además, se pretende estudiar cómo la formación académica puede intervenir en este efecto. Para ello, se administraron al azar entre 160 estudiantes de educación secundaria de diversos niveles académicos (desde 9º grado hasta 12º grado) dos problemas de estequiometría con entidades discretas (moléculas). En uno de los problemas aparecían fracciones, y en el otro problema porcentajes. De las puntuaciones obtenidas en la resolución de los problemas y del ANOVA efectuado, se puede concluir que: a) los estudiantes consiguen un éxito significativamente mayor en el problema con fracciones, confirmándose el fenómeno de la alineación semántica; b) un mayor nivel académico mejora de forma significativa el rendimiento en la resolución de ambos problemas; y c) solo en los niveles académicos bajos (9º y 10 grado) hay diferencias significativas entre la pun...

This study analyses the influence of word problem&#39;s context and structure, and capturing the structure and using analogies on problem-solving. A 2x3x2 factorial design was used with two between-subjects variables -capturing the structure and the use of analogies- and one withinsubjects variable -structural complexity of word problem-. Two types of booklets containing two word problems that differ from each other in structure (and each type of booklet having problems of different context) and questions about capturing the structure and using analogies in problem solving, were administered to 66 third-year pre-service primary teachers from the same university (University of Valencia,Spain). The results of the ANOVAs showed that: a) Problems increase in difficulty when they have complex structure and low familiarity context, and b) Capturing the structure and the use of analogies are needed to solve structurally complex problems.

Se desarrollan dos estudios exploratorios para analizar el éxito en la transferencia en resolución de problemas a partir de análogos. Las diferentes analogías entre problemas ‘ejemplo’ y ‘propuestos’ se suponen construidas a partir de dos variables: la Superficie y la Estructura. Los resultados muestran que cuando los contextos de los problemas son familiares para los estudiantes, las analogías superficiales pueden ocultar las diferencias estructurales. Sin embargo, cuando los contextos de los problemas son no-familiares para los estudiantes, el único efecto significativo procede de la igualdad/diferencia estructural. El efecto global de la familiaridad de los problemas es una reducción sistemática del éxito en la transferencia en problemas no familiares, sea cual sea la relación entre problema ‘ejemplo’ y problema ‘propuesto&#39;.

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia del nivel académico, de los estudios cursados, de la estructura y contexto del problema, de la captación de la estructura y del uso de analogías, en la resolución de problemas. Se ha utilizado un diseño factorial con un factor intra-sujetos y varios factores entre-sujetos, que se han seleccionado en función de la hipótesis a contrastar. Se ha administrado a 181 estudiantes de secundaria dos tipos de cuadernillos que contienen dos problemas y preguntas sobre la captación de la estructura y uso de analogías. Los resultados de pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas muestran que: a) El nivel académico y el tipo de estudios cursados son variables cruciales en la resolución de problemas; b) La captación de la estructura influye decisivamente para resolver los problemas, pero no el uso de analogías; y c) Los estudiantes resuelven significativamente mejor los problemas de estructura sencilla y contexto familiar.

Resumen: En este trabajo se introduce el concepto de transferencia en el aprendizaje, se clasifican en sus diferentes tipos y se discute su importancia en la resolución de problemas de ciencias y matemáticas. Además se discute el papel de los procesos de transferencia y cómo se pueden mejorar en la enseñanza de las ciencias. A partir de todo ello, se recomiendan algunas medidas instruccionales que pueden ser aplicadas en el aula de ciencias. Palabras clave: transferencia, resolución de problemas, enseñanza y aprendizaje de las ciencias.

The world is experiencing a Covid-19 pandemic, including Indonesia and especially Merauke Regency, Papua. The appeal to prevent the chain of spreading this virus requires people to stay silent at home. This has an impact on economic instability and one of those affected is MSMEs. For this reason, a survival strategy is needed for MSMEs to be able to continue to maintain their business in the midst of this pandemic. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of this study recommend a survival strategy for UKMK in the form of sales aspects, production cost aspects, formulating road maps, strengthening digital technology, and providing guidance models by

A number of studies on analogical transfer to algebra word problems have demonstrated that adapting a known solution to nonisomorphic problems of the same type is challenging, and that most instructional aids do not alleviate this difficulty. We designed a non-interactive intervention intended to encourage students to formulate situation models for base and target, and to ground their equations in these representations. One of our experimental groups had to simulate the situation models via manipulating physical objects. The other group had to perform internal simulations. Both conditions outperformed a control group not required to run simulations, yielding comparable advantage. Situation model elaboration proved more effective when targets posed more difficulty of equational assimilation. The implications of these findings for the design of instructional interventions are discussed.

Employees and managers of educational institutions have been dealing with numerous challenges related to changes in nowadays world for years. The idea of striving for “excellence in teaching” based on Fullan’s paradigm of school culture transformation has become a reason for deeper reflection in this area. Using the comparative analysis method, a picture of work models in educational institutions within the same system guidelines has been obtained. In order to make comparisons, strategies focused on providing the most effective support for pupils with special educational needs and the process of evaluating activities were taken into account. Based on three experiences of implementing the idea of inclusive education, some strategies for coping with required changes were shown. The presented case studies showed that while the strategies of each educational institution varied, they aimed to offer functional and effective counseling services which enhanced the personal and social develo...

In case library learning environments, learners are presented with an array of narratives that can be used to guide their problem solving. However, according to theorists, learners struggle to identify and retrieve the optimal case to solve a new problem. Given the challenges novice face during case retrieval, recommender systems can be embedded in case libraries to support the decision-making process about which case is most relevant to solve new problems. This emerging technology reports how experts' assessment of case relevancy was used to retrieve and suggest the most relevant cases for the learner as they engaged in an inquiry-based learning. Specifically, our case library learning system integrates a content-based filtering, which recommends items similar to those a user has selected based on item descriptions or other user data, and is most widely used in textual domains. Implications for practice are also discussed.

Learning in times of climate change and ongoing inequality, requires ethical-political engagements that are transgressive of unsustainable norms, including those left in coloniality's wake (Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2017; 2023). However, a question arises as to when such transgressions become developmental (cf. Williams et al., 2018). This symposium addresses this question through analysis of five formative interventions (cf. Engeström et al., 2014). The studies advance a decolonial dialectic of transformation, enacted as a process of expansive, transgressive learning and emancipatory agency from below, grounded and expanding from living heritage and place; reflexively returning to it. Here co-engagement in expansive learning actions strengthen African relationality (Ubuntu relations), and collective (emancipatory) transformative agency (cf. Engeström and Sannino, 2010; 2021; Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2023). Studies emphasise ethical-political expansion of the object of activity in expansive learning struggles to address environmental degradation, gender and racial discrimination, and exclusions of living heritage, youth, and indigenous cultures.

Bu modül, arabulucuyu teknik bir süreç yöneticisinden, çatışmanın kökenlerini ve dinamiklerini anlayan bir "barış yapıcıya" dönüştürmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Katılımcılar, ilk olarak, pazarlığa açık bir uyuşmazlık ile temel insani ihtiyaçlardan kaynaklanan derin bir çatışma arasındaki kritik ayrımı John Burton'ın teorisi üzerinden öğrenecektir. Bu temel üzerine, çatışmanın kaynaklarını teşhis etmek için güçlü bir analitik araç olan Christopher Moore’un beşli Anlaşmazlık Çemberi (Veri, İlişki, Değer, Yapı, Menfaat) modeli incelenecektir.
Ardından, bir anlaşmazlığın nasıl kontrolden çıkıp yıkıcı bir sarmala dönüştüğünü Friedrich Glasl'ın dokuz aşamalı Tırmanma Modeli ile analiz ederek, arabulucunun her aşamada uygulaması gereken gerilimi düşürme stratejileri ele alınacaktır. Bireylerin ve tarafların çatışma anındaki davranışsal eğilimlerini anlamak için, Thomas-Kilmann modelinin iki ana eksen (Israrcılık ve İşbirliği) üzerindeki beş temel tarzı (Rekabet, İşbirliği, Kaçınma, Uyum Sağlama, Uzlaşma), pratik yansımalarıyla birlikte gözden geçirilecektir.
Son olarak modül, bu teorik modelleri sahada kullanılabilir pratik araçlara dönüştürür. Katılımcılar, tarafları katı taleplerinden (Pozisyon) altta yatan nedenlere (Menfaat ve İhtiyaç) taşımak için Buzdağı Modelini ve çatışmanın görünür (Davranış) ve görünmez (Tutum, Çelişki) katmanlarını bütüncül olarak analiz etmek için Galtung'un Çatışma Üçgeni'ni nasıl kullanacaklarını öğrenecektir. Modülün nihai hedefi, arabulucuya, önüne gelen her vakada çatışmanın anatomisini ortaya çıkarma ve kalıcı çözümler üretecek stratejiler geliştirme yetkinliği kazandırmaktır.

V naší práci popisujeme první zkušenosti s novou formou intervence u pacientek s mentální anorexií. Jedná se o kognitivní nácvik, který provádí rodič s pacientkou v domácím prostředí. Vycházíme ze zkušeností s kognitivní remediací zaměřenou na kognitivní deficity této populace pacientek, tedy na sníženou schopnost set-shiftingu a slabou centrální koherenci. Zároveň využíváme zkušeností z vícerodinné terapie. Naší pilotní studie se účastnilo 8 rodin. Jednalo se o rodiče a dcery trpící mentální anorexií ve věku 15-19 let. Uvádíme první výsledky kvalitativního a kvantitativního hodnocení intervence rodiči a pacientkami a na jejich základě navrhujeme možnosti modifikace.

She earned her Ph.D. in Biophysics from the Johns Hopkins University and has been with CEISMC since 1996 developing and managing university-K-12 educational partnership programs. She currently leads up a team of educators and educational researchers who are exploring how to integrate science, mathematics and engineering within authentic school contexts and researching the nature of the resultant student learning

*(James Lockwood is the Author Academia site is having issues adding Content)*

His refinements on fluid dynamics/thermodynamics framework, provide worked examples, theorize extensions, and connect to broader models. Key corrections from earlier analysis remain foundational.
Conclusion:
The corrections and derivations presented herein require no further elaboration beyond the mathematics themselves. The results speak for their own necessity and logical completeness. Future work will apply these corrections to broader domains including field-driven dynamics and biologically coupled systems.

This document provides comprehensive corrections to foundational errors found in standard stellar atmosphere theory textbook content.
The original material contained fundamental mathematical and physical flaws including non-standard notation, dimensional inconsistencies, missing physical constants, and undefined or ambiguous mathematical terms.

These corrections restore mathematical rigor and ensure physical accuracy, offering a reliable and pedagogically sound foundation for students, educators, and researchers working in stellar fluid dynamics and radiative thermodynamics.

Scientific argumentative skills could encourage the critical thinking skill of college students about scientific phenomena. This research aimed to measure and describe the scientific argumentative skill of the primary school teacher candidates, reviewed from the scientific literacy. This research applied the quantitative method by using a survey typed cross-sectional design. The researchers selected the participants with convenience sampling. The results were 184 college students of even semester of 2020/2021. The applied instrument was the validity process. The data collecting techniques were test and questionnaire assisted with a Google Form. The test instrument consisted of four items. Then, the questionnaire item of the student’s perceptions about the argumentative scientific skills consisted of ten items. The researchers arranged the instruments with the indicators of science literacy-based scientific argumentative skills about biodiversity. The validity results showed that the...

With an increasing degree of complexity in the retail business, future business success for retail professionals will likely require creative problem-solving abilities. Therefore, there is a need for retail merchandising programs to emphasize creative problem solving because creativity can be learned. In this study, we share how an undergraduate-level creative problem-solving class is designed and implemented to enhance retail merchandising students’ creative problem-solving skills. A longitudinal analysis of creativity scores of 45 undergraduate students in a retail merchandising program was conducted to test both short-term and long-term effects of creative problem-solving training on students’ creativity scores. The results provide support for creativity training.

The following is a report of an exploration of what mathematical reasoning might look like in classrooms. Focusing on just one lesson in one classroom, data are presented that indicate that upper primary students are willing and able to reason for themselves, especially in classrooms in which the culture for such reasoning has been established. It seems that the opportunities to reason are a product of the tasks that are posed, the structuring of the classroom, and the willingness of the teachers to allow students to engage with the tasks for themselves.

Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is a recent population-based algorithm that mimics the intelligent traveler behavior of Remora. However, the performance of ROA is barely satisfactory; it may be stuck in local optimal regions or has a slow convergence, especially in high dimensional complicated problems. To overcome these limitations, this paper develops an improved version of ROA called Enhanced ROA (EROA) using three different techniques: adaptive dynamic probability, SFO with Levy flight, and restart strategy. The performance of EROA is tested using two different benchmarks and seven real-world engineering problems. The statistical analysis and experimental results show the efficiency of EROA.

Many complex optimization problems in the real world can easily fall into local optimality and fail to find the optimal solution, so more new techniques and methods are needed to solve such challenges. Metaheuristic algorithms have received a lot of attention in recent years because of their efficient performance and simple structure. Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is a recent Metaheuristic algorithm that is based on two trigonometric functions Sine & Cosine. However, like all other metaheuristic algorithms, SCA has a slow convergence and may fail in sub-optimal regions. In this study, an enhanced version of SCA named RDSCA is suggested that depends on two techniques: random spare/replacement and double adaptive weight. The first technique is employed in SCA to speed the convergence whereas the second method is used to enhance exploratory searching capabilities. To evaluate RDSCA, 30 functions from CEC 2017 and 4 real-world engineering problems are used. Moreover, a nonparametric test called Wilcoxon signed-rank is carried out at 5% level to evaluate the significance of the obtained results between RDSCA and the other 5 variants of SCA. The results show that RDSCA has competitive results with other metaheuristics algorithms.

Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA) is a recent population-based algorithm that mimics the intelligent traveler behavior of Remora. However, the performance of ROA is barely satisfactory; it may be stuck in local optimal regions or has a slow convergence, especially in high dimensional complicated problems. To overcome these limitations, this paper develops an improved version of ROA called Enhanced ROA (EROA) using three different techniques: adaptive dynamic probability, SFO with Levy flight, and restart strategy. The performance of EROA is tested using two different benchmarks and seven real-world engineering problems. The statistical analysis and experimental results show the efficiency of EROA.

This paper is about an explorative study of the use of classroom assessment techniques (CATs) by primary school mathematics teachers in China. Six female teachers and 216 third-grade students from two schools in Nanjing were involved. The focus was on assessing whole number arithmetic. Teachers’ use of the CATs was investigated through lesson observations, feedback forms, interviews, and reports. In this paper we zoom in on one CAT in which students had to solve division problems without making use of the standard division algorithm, being the only procedure they had been taught. From the solutions teachers can infer whether their students really had deep understanding of the division operation. Only a few students could apply a solution strategy without using the standard algorithm. All teachers were initially unsure about what information they were supposed to find with this CAT and did not know how to deal with the results afterwards.

This is a remarkable book in many ways: not only does it present a widely diverse set of papers from an equally diverse geographically and institutionally-based authorship but it represents the first of what we hope will be many similar collections and publications that lie under the aegis of the newly-formed Asia-Pacific LSP and Professional Communication Association 1 . Some history might be useful here. In 2006, Vijay Bhatia and I conceived of the idea that it would be worth floating the concept of such an Association, reflecting both the extraordinary growth and present development of its themes in the Asia-Pacific, but also as a valuable partner with the much longer standing European Association for LSP. At the same time, we wanted to see if it might be possible to marry the long-standing interests in LSP with those of professional and organisational communication. Typically, the former has resided academically in the world of Applied Linguistics while the latter, much more diverse, has had its centre in a range of professional and organisationally specific arenas, together with some more general focus on communication as a central construct. In short, Asia-Pacific LSP and Professional Communication was to be not only new in its location, but also in its intellectual and practical domain. Following some enthusiastic responses from scholars in the region to the idea of a preliminary scouting meeting to be held at Macquarie University, Sydney, and already heartened by the strong support and interest of colleagues in Hong Kong, notably Winnie Cheng at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and others in the region, for example Azirah Hashim in Kuala Lumpur, the Macquarie meeting discussed and determined that an Association of the kind proposed would be both well received and valuable, with its three foci of Research, Practice and Training. In short, the way was open. Following that meeting, an interim committee was established with the aim of developing a constitution, and after intensive canvassing of opinion both in the region and in consort with the European Association, the draft constitution was to be presented at the initial conference of the Association, organised jointly by a team in Hong Kong from the City University of

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problem solving skills of elementary 6 th grade students. This study was undertaken during the 2006-2007 school years' second semester in İnegöl (within Bursa). The sample of this study consists of 108 students selected randomly from the 6 th grade students. Specially in this study, creative problem solving skills of students' that taught according to new elementary mathematics education curriculum were analyzed by contents analysis which one of the qualitative analysis techniques. Data were collected by 10 questions about open-ended mathematics questions, closed-ended mathematics questions and problem posing approach. The gained data from students' answers to problem solving strategies and problem posing approach are classified.

Contemporary job market requires graduates to have comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge and skills in order to be able to apply different approaches to solving problems in the modern workplace. Interdisciplinary education is believed to have an impact on preparing graduates to view things from different perspectives and apply higher-order thinking and analytical skills in a current and futuristic work environment. The purpose of this study is to explore faculty perspectives on the impact of interdisciplinary education on preparing students for future careers. The study was conducted using a qualitative case study of a federal university in the United Arab Emirates. The paradigmatic position was interpretive. Thirteen faculty members who are currently teaching interdisciplinary courses were purposely selected to take part in semi-structured interviews. It was found that interdisciplinary education provided various work-related graduate attributes and skills that prepared them for the evolving work environment. The study concludes that interdisciplinary education plays an indispensable role in getting graduates ready for work and is also influential in their selection of career choices.

Prezentowana książka była jednym z pierwszych podręczników, z których korzystali studenci AGH uczący się podstaw informatyki. W treści książki dominują programy napisane w języku FORTRAN IV, rozwiązujące różne raczej proste problemy obliczeniowe. Zabawnym szczegółem skryptu jest to, że wydrukowane programy były tworzone przez studentów, którzy potem stali się znanymi i szanowanymi informatykami. Ich nazwiska można łatwo ustalić, gdyż w każdym publikowanym programie moduł MASTER miał wpisane nazwisko autora. Studenci owi musieli samodzielnie (chociaż z pomocą autorów skryptu) przeprowadzić analizę podsuniętego im problemu. następnie musieli stworzyć algorytm rozwiązujący problem, napisać stosowny program w języku FORTRAN, przeprowadzić jego kompilację, uzyskać i zaprezentować wyniki. Jest to z pewnością ważny ślad początków rozwoju informatyki na AGH w Krakowie.

Basım Tarihi: 31.07.2020 Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 2015 yılındaki PISA uygulamasında elde edilen veriden yararlanılarak, Türkiye’deki öğrencilerin fen okuryazarlığını etkileyen öğrenci ve okul düzeyindeki değişkenlerin belirlenmesidir. Böylece öğrencilerin fen okuryazarlığı düzeylerini yordayan değişkenlerden oluşan hiyerarşik bir modelin elde edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Özellikle 2015 yılındaki PISA uygulamasında Türkiye’nin ortalama başarı düzeyindeki keskin düşüş göz önüne alındığında bu çalışmanın sonuçları daha da büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, hem verinin kümelenmiş doğası hem de elde edilen yüksek grup-içi korelasyon katsayısı (ICC) değeri (0,52) nedeniyle bahsi geçen modelin elde edilebilmesi için hiyerarşik doğrusal modelleme (HLM) analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin fen okuryazarlığı seviyesini yordayan, öğrenci düzeyinde dokuz, okul düzeyinde ise dört anlamlı değişkenden oluşan bir model elde edilmiştir. Öğrenci düzeyindeki değişkenler, kişiye, ...

In this paper, it is shown how to use the recently developed Firefly Algorithm to optimize abrasive water-jet cutting as a nonlinear multi-parameter process. Back propagation neural network were developed to predict surface roughness in abrasive water-jet cutting (AWJ) process. In the development of predictive models, machining parameters of traverse speed, water-jet pressure, standoff distance and abrasive flow rate were considered as model variables. Firefly Algorithm by using back propagation neural network optimizes glass surface roughness in abrasive water-jet cutting and proposes appropriate parameters for minimum surface roughness. Testing results demonstrate that the model is suitable for predicting the response parameters. The results showed this algorithm applicable for processes with complex nature.

Worked examples have been found to be effective tools in reducing cognitive load and supporting learning. Erroneous examples are worked examples that include incorrect steps and are intended to help students learn how to identify important principles and errors to avoid. The current study examines whether using erroneous examples in an online intelligent tutoring system can help middle-school children learn decimals beyond simple problem solving with feedback. Results showed that although students did not differ between the two conditions on an immediate posttest, students in the erroneous examples group performed better on a delayed posttest. This suggests that working with errors, and thus processing the decimal problems at a deeper level, helped students retain more about decimals and build upon that understanding over time.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into education, human life, and work as we continue to enter the 21st century, resulting in an increased expectation that learners and humans should possess more skills, referred to as 21st-century digital skills. These skills have become essential for learning, working, and living with Artificial Intelligence and the latest generation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). While recent studies have examined Artificial Intelligence, particularly ChatGPT, in terms of its ability to assist language learners in developing their language skills as well as their subskills, they have not explored its role in the development of their 21st-century digital skills. For this sake, in this study the researchers integrated ChatGPT into the language classroom procedure in three high schools in Tehran, where the language teacher tried to cultivate 21st-century digital skills with ChatGPT and led students to take advantage of its features to improve their 21st-century digital skills throughout the academic year of 2023-24 and then filled out the study survey. The results of the Partial Least Square Modelling Approach (PLS-SEM) showed that ChatGPT's personalization, interactivity, accuracy, and responsiveness, along with its anthropomorphism, significantly shaped language learners' 21st-century digital skills, including critical thinking digital skills, information evaluation skills, creative digital skills, and problem-solving skills. In addition, the study found a sign of digital self-authenticity, where language learners perceived that AI-assisted language learning enhanced their 21st-century digital skills more than previous language learning contexts, albeit at the expense of their digital collaboration skills. Therefore, the study broadened the existing literature by focusing on the 21st-century digital skills of language learners, going beyond their language skills and sub-skills. It suggests that ChatGPT has the potential to enhance and develop language learners' 21st-century digital skills. However, language teachers must devise metrics to encourage learners to engage in both collaborative and personalized language learning with ChatGPT, thereby fostering the development of all 21st-century digital skills.

Climate change, driven primarily by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, poses one of the greatest challenges of the present time. The solutions require a multifaceted approach, involving policy reforms, technological innovations, and individual actions. Research suggests humans can address climate change through international cooperation and relying on constructive leadership. This paper provides a detailed examination of how humans can deconstruct climate change drawing from extensive research on social movements. It expands on the key points offering a professional and thorough overview for readers seeking a deeper understanding. This paper explores the significance of social movements throughout history to shed light on the possibility of mobilising global people’s climate movement to address the challenge of climate change effectively with the help of people and by using the solution that people advocate. The aim is to objectively examine the history of the world in search of major social movements that resulted in unprecedented shifts in consciousness and habits leading to big, global change. The rationale for the paper is to shed light on a pathway that would unlock the puzzle of how to solve climate change effectively by discovering a paradigm-shifting breakthrough. Such tailored approach has been adopted to broaden and enrich knowledge on people’s motivated solutions to climate change underscoring the importance of addressing the top priority issue that the community finds significant. Consequently, this paper’s core research question is: To what extent have social movements been the key drivers of significant change throughout history, and how can a present global climate movement change the history thanks to organized problem-solving on a larger, global scale? Taking an objective consideration of the history of the world, including biblical history, it will be argued that major, global political shifts resulted from movements of billions of people usually following an enlightened leader who offered a significant change in perspective showing the way for the followers. Principled and character-based leaders were not only mobilizing the masses but also teaching humanity what real leadership is, administering supernatural way of life and helping to solve problems. Thus, the greatest leader was not necessarily the one who did the greatest things. The greatest leader was the one who got the people to do the greatest things collectively by often leading them out of the condition of despair and political oppression, offering a solution in a hopeless situation leading towards greater prosperity, self-realization, freedom or security. This paper argues that God prepared ordinary individuals chosen for spiritual leadership to act in ways that demonstrate universal care for the planet. People’s liberation usually coincided with leaders effectively providing care by shepherding their people just like God’s Son, Jesus. God protected the brave leaders just like shepherds protected their sheep. God used kings of kingdoms, priests in temples and prophets to nations in order to lead His people towards His promise of a greater hope. Hope refers to hoping when things are hopeless, but it is a matter of platitude when everything is calm and bright. It is only when everything gets dark that hope begins to be a strength. In this context, hope is not blind faith that things will somehow get better. It is rather a realistic belief that things can get better, since despair is an illusion of certainty, while hope is an appreciation of possibility. As the Evangelist, Luke (1: 37) reminded, ‘‘For with God, nothing will be impossible.’’ The results of this paper point out that effective change-makers and global leaders embraced hope to turn things around. That means literally transforming a desperate situation into a possibility of a positive outcome. Change requires finding the way, showing the way and leading the way. A quote by the ancient Chinese philosopher, Lao Tzu aligns with this notion: “A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves.’’ The quote emphasizes the importance of humility, performing duties with diligence without asking for recognition. There is no way towards a brighter future without a strong will, and there is no will without hope. Political agency is the key to tackling global problems such as climate change, because when leaders organize communities, they also organize villages, and then, equally, the whole cities, after that they organize nations, and finally, they organize the whole world around ‘the idea whose time has come.’ The nucleus of analysis is the idea whose time has come is building a disaster-free world and tackling climate change in advance through the implementation of green, nature-based solutions to confront climate change and create a future where everyone can thrive. It is argued that it is individuals who play a central role in transformations for change. Since the biblical times of Moses, social movement leadership has been successful and proved to be effective in dethroning reckless tyrants, putting dictators who oppress humanity out of their seats and scattering the proud, mighty and cruel leaders who used to run the world. While there have been exceptions throughout history, leadership has too often been the sad tale of governments using citizens or subjects to serve and enrich themselves, instead of the other way around to serve people and improve life quality. However, there were some of the greatest leaders in the Bible, who were individuals that others would have totally discounted, both on the basis of their past and upbringing, and their training. Jesus, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Joshua, David, Samuel, Isaiah, Daniel, John the Baptist, Peter and Paul were chosen for leadership and became great leaders because their hearts were humble and completely devoted to God. As much as we can learn from their examples, we can equally infer lessons from modern examples, which include: Mahatma Gandhi, who aimed to create sustainable development, balanced development of body, mind and soul; Reverend Martin Luther King, who defined power as ‘‘the ability to achieve purpose’’ and ‘‘the strength required to bring about social, political and economic change.’’ Movements which show how to organize communities can mobilize people’s power to effect major change. But there is also a deeper meaning to that because ultimately someone has to carry the shining torch of reason and progress to the furthest corners of the earth. Movement is one thing, another is that a movement has to be effective and realistic enough so that to translate vision into action without crystalising utopias. For every major breakthrough for every world-changing innovation—there is a hidden force at the center that enables to propel imagination, and then turn it into action. First, find a challenge, develop a vision, then design a strategy, and finally, overcome the challenge through social change. Immanuel Kant in philosophy, for instance, and Goethe in literature coined a new sense of production, dialogue and discourse which is best exemplified in Kant’s concept of the Einbildungs-kraf, the power to turn imagination into a reality. This is how a small movement can beat a beast through imagination and doing with little. Such power is productive not because it conjures up a grand vision detached from reality, but because it is capable of conceiving the formal characteristic of a vision of civilization before any empirical conception is possible and then turning it into action. According to Kant, the morphological description of natural phenomena was an integral part of the productive activity of nature – it is nature acting in the scientist and researcher. For Goethe, the artist is productive because nature is working in him. Nature has power and knowledge is power since it listens to nature. Creative problem-solving involves continuous experimentation, revision and sharpening of ideas. The longer options are kept open, the more likely it is that the solution will be original. At the present, the key priority for global civilization is the alleviation of climatic catastrophes and climate security. Very little research has been carried out till this date on the potential social impacts of climate change on the United Kingdom coast. Therefore, the social justice implications of climate change are not well understood. This paper defines climate justice as: ensuring that collectively and individually, people have the ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to and recover from climate change impacts – and the policies to mitigate or adapt to them – by considering existing vulnerabilities, resources and capabilities. Climate injustice relates to how the impacts of climate change will be felt differently by different groups and how some people and places will be more vulnerable than others to these impacts. What if people dared to transform the civilisation in which they live following the persuasive, still realistic vision of the regenerative communities model? In the face of global, systemic, and cataclysmic civilisational collapse, solutions offered by the people at the very least need to build from a smaller gradually to bigger networks, systemic thereby global by effectively rescuing an ageing, technetronic and therefore endangered, vulnerable civilisation. While research on social movements is wide there is a gap to fill about the degree to which climate movement may have a leverage in today’s global politics. It would be a drawback for the global progress if the now increasingly vulnerable humanity would only act on climate after it was too late. Strategic insecurity is now a fact of life on a scale heretofore not experienced by the now increasingly vulnerable humanity but breakthrough on climate change is foresee...