PESTEL Analysis

Bu çalışma, Turkish Cargo’nun 2025–2033 dönemine yönelik küresel büyüme stratejisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, küresel hava kargo sektörünün dinamikleri, dijitalleşme, e-ticaretin yükselişi, çevresel düzenlemeler ve rekabet koşulları çerçevesinde Turkish Cargo’nun stratejik yönelimi değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenerek ikincil veriler üzerinden analiz yapılmış; sektör raporları, şirket açıklamaları, UTİKAD gibi kuruluşlardan alınan röportajlar ve akademik kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Turkish Cargo’nun kısa (2025–2027), orta (2028–2030) ve uzun vadeli (2031–2033) stratejik hedefleri; taşıma hacminin 3,9 milyon tona yükseltilmesi, %8 küresel pazar payına ulaşılması, 44 uçaklık bir filo oluşturulması ve 150 direkt destinasyona uçuş yapılması şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Bu hedefler, SmartIST terminalinin kapasitesinin artırılması, özel kargo hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi, dijital sistemlerin entegrasyonu ve sürdürülebilirlik yatırımları gibi temel stratejilerle desteklenmektedir. SWOT, PESTEL ve Porter analizleriyle desteklenen bu planlama, şirketin güçlü yönlerini pekiştirirken dışsal tehditlere karşı çözümler üretmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, Turkish Cargo’nun küresel liderlik vizyonuna ulaşmasının mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak bu sürecin başarıya ulaşabilmesi, operasyonel mükemmeliyetin yanı sıra esnek stratejik yönetim ve paydaş odaklı sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımıyla mümkündür.

is the owner of Pinnacle Advisory Group. She has more than 30 years of experience in hospitality consulting. Ms. Roginsky is a board member of numerous organizations related to hospitality, is a regular guest lecturer at the Cornell Hotel School, and is co-editor of five leading hotel investment books.

In this article, our principal interest is in the meaning-making of local users as digital transactions platforms become more prevalent in the everyday exchange cultures of the Philippines. Revisiting Polanyi's concept of embeddedness, we present an ethnographic study showing how disparate communities in Metro Manila are adapting their transactional practices in line with transaction platform affordances. Highlighting the Filipino concept of 'abot kamay', we discuss how digital transactions are given meanings within established social and cultural norms that combine processes of remuneration, redistribution and reciprocity. Accordingly, this study seeks to demonstrate the dynamic interaction between cultural norms, social economies and digital technologies.

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Value Chain Framework, a foundational strategic tool for disaggregating a company into its strategically relevant activities to identify sources of competitive advantage. It delves into the framework's origins, its constituent primary and support activities, and its profound strategic applications in achieving cost leadership and differentiation. This report outlines a practical, step-by-step guide for conducting a value chain analysis, supported by realworld case studies demonstrating its efficacy across diverse industries. Crucially, it addresses the framework's inherent limitations and critically examines its evolution in the digital age, highlighting the transformative impact of technologies like AI, IoT, and big data on traditional value chains, leading to the emergence of integrated digital and global value chains. This report introduces and comprehensively defines a new strategic framework: the Digital Service Value Network (DSVN). The DSVN represents a paradigm shift from a linear, goods-based chain to an interconnected, multi-actor ecosystem. Its core principles are rooted in Service-Dominant Logic, which posits that service is the fundamental basis of exchange and that value is co-created among all actors in the network. The enduring relevance of the Value Chain Framework lies in its ability to foster continuous improvement, optimize resource allocation, and drive sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly complex and interconnected business environment.

This paper examines three strategic tools used by organizations globally. This examination would be a theoretical diagnostic perspective in analyzing these strategic planning tools. The three strategic tools that would be investigated are SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, Porters 5 forces. These strategic planning tools play an important role in the fields of strategic planning, assessing the business environment, mitigating risks, assessing external and internal factors, developing strategies, analyse the competitive industry, profitability. These three pivotal strategic marketing and business analytical tools, each of these offers an exceptional perspective for assessing internal capabilities, and external environments factors, business dynamics, and marketing strategies. SWOT analysis presents a systematic method for recognizing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, fundamental for strategic decision-making. The PESTEL analysis proposal several insights into macro-environmental factors, these include political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal that heavily influence an organization. Porter's Five Forces model investigates the competitive forces within an industry, emphasizing impending threats and market attractiveness. By incorporating these frameworks, businesses can enhance they, competitive positioning, strategic planning and market responsiveness in a progressively complex business landscape. These insights from the study would be critical for firms aiming to enhance they organizations using these strategi tools. This study analysed, accessed, and synthesized the SWOT, PESTEL, Porters five forces literature, acknowledging for new theoretical perspectives and frameworks to surface.

The public university sector plays a central role in higher education, research, and human capital development. In Bangladesh, public universities serve the majority of tertiary-level students, offering affordable access to higher education. However, this sector is challenged by governance inefficiencies, political interference, outdated curricula, and resource shortages. This paper provides a situation analysis of the public university sector using strategic management frameworks such as SWOT analysis, Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Resource-Based View (RBV), and stakeholder engagement. The article suggests a roadmap involving governance reforms, quality assurance mechanisms, international collaboration, and digital transformation. The expected outcome is a transparent, innovative, and globally competitive public university system aligned with the nation's socio-economic aspirations.

The higher secondary education (HSE) sector plays a vital role in shaping human capital, national productivity, and social progress. However, in Bangladesh and other developing countries, this sector faces systemic challenges, including lack of infrastructure, teacher shortages, curriculum rigidity, governance issues, and limited integration of technology. This paper conducts a situation analysis using strategic management frameworks such as PESTEL, SWOT, and Porter's Five Forces to identify opportunities and threats. The study highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement, innovative financing, publicprivate partnerships, and policy reforms. Drawing lessons from international best practices, it proposes a forward-looking roadmap focusing on quality improvement, digital transformation, competency-based curricula, and effective governance. The findings aim to contribute to the development of a sustainable and competitive education system that prepares students for higher education, employment, and global citizenship.

В статье рассматриваются некоторые методические вопросы анализа и прикладные аспекты оптимизации бизнес-процессов на дагестанском предприятии пищевой промышленности АО «Денеб». Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью повышения эффективности бизнес-процессов на современных промышленных предприятиях за счёт цифровизации документооборота, внедрения CRM-систем, автоматизации логистических функций и разработки KPI-ориентированного управления. Проведена диагностика производственных, логистических и сбытовых процессов, осуществляемых в этом предприятии, с использованием инструментов стратегического анализа. На основе интеграции методик SWOT и PESTEL, а также с опорой на соответствующие модели, подробно описанные в работе «Основы проектного управления» (2025), выявлены внутренние слабости и внешние угрозы, а также определены точки роста предприятия. Представлены количественные показатели по динамике выручки, прибыли и рентабельности АО «Денеб» за 2022–2024 годы, отражающие эффективность его работы. В результате сформулированы предложения по цифровизации документооборота, внедрению CRM и автоматизации складского учёта. Установлено, что приоритетными задачами в управлении затратами предприятия выступают поиск альтернативных поставщиков сырья для минимизации зависимости, внедрение систем мотивации и KPI. Предложены проектные решения по реструктуризации ключевых процессов: автоматизация логистики, внедрение ERP-систем, цифровизация контроля качества, обучение персонала. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в возможности адаптации разработанных рекомендаций для повышения операционной эффективности предприятий пищевой промышленности, функционирующих в условиях высокой конкуренции.

Boston Consulting Group Matrix is the most popular methodological tool for analysing corporate portfolios. However, the method of using the Matrix has been frequently criticised, and the peak of popularity of this tool has passed. The purpose of this study is to find new areas of application for the Boston Consulting Group Matrix in the economic analysis of entrepreneurial activity. The following research methods were used: monographic, dialectical, abstract-logical, graphic, and tabular. It is shown that the use of the conventional BCG Matrix method is limited due to the ambiguity of conceptual foundations, methodological problems, and lack of complete information about the activities of competitors. The study proved that inaccuracies in the analysis of the market growth rate and the relative share of individual entities in it allow accurately assessing business prospects in this area. Methodological and applied issues arising when a company evaluates its market share of certain products are considered. A modification of the BCG Matrix is proposed, which distributes the assortment units of the analysed business entity according to certain profit growth reserves. Depending on the objects of a particular analysis, grouping in the modified matrix can be carried out according to individual types of products (goods, works, services) or by groups of buyers (consumers). The main problems with application of the BCG Matrix were clarified and systematised. Solutions for certain shortcomings of the conventional BCG Matrix were found, namely regarding the method for calculating the indicators it holds. A modification of the BCG Matrix is proposed, which classifies types of products (goods, works, services) by prospective profit reserves and changes in their share in the company's profit structure. A similar matrix is designed to classify buyers of goods or consumers of a company's services. The study figured out the place of the proposed BCG Matrix modification in economic analysis. The proposed variations of BCG Matrix have an advantage over the classical version, since they are based on internal analysis of only one subject of activity, and not on evaluating the potential of competitors. The developed modification of the analysis method can be integrated into the system of comprehensive economic analysis of any company. The results of the analysis using modified BCG Matrix can be used in financial strategic planning and marketing strategy development, specifically when planning advertising campaigns

Boston Consulting Group Matrix is the most popular methodological tool for analysing corporate portfolios. However, the method of using the Matrix has been frequently criticised, and the peak of popularity of this tool has passed. The purpose of this study is to find new areas of application for the Boston Consulting Group Matrix in the economic analysis of entrepreneurial activity. The following research methods were used: monographic, dialectical, abstract-logical, graphic, and tabular. It is shown that the use of the conventional BCG Matrix method is limited due to the ambiguity of conceptual foundations, methodological problems, and lack of complete information about the activities of competitors. The study proved that inaccuracies in the analysis of the market growth rate and the relative share of individual entities in it allow accurately assessing business prospects in this area. Methodological and applied issues arising when a company evaluates its market share of certain pr...

The purpose of this study was to compete formulating global strategy PT Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) in non-classification marine services business (independent assurance) in Indonesia that includes three business sector such as marine, industry, and energy. The methodology used the analytical descriptive method with techniques SWOT analysis. The number of population as many as 5.248 companies, the target population was the BKI non-classification customers (non-klas) or independent assurance in all three business sector susch as marine, industry, and energy. The determination of the total sample using Slovin formulas with the levels of trust 95 % obtained the total sample as many as 400 respondents. The research results showed that based on a position map of non-classification services business, BKI was on strategic rapid growth. BKI increased the number of a new job, increased new consumer on the non-classification services (independent assurance) in all business sectors, and focused on the type of nonclassification service business certain having the the highest value income for BKI.

Dalam pembahasan manajemen tidak lepas pada masalah lingkungan yangdihadapi oleh seorang manajer. Perbedaan dan kondisi lingkungan akan berpengaruh terhadap konsep dan teknik serta keputusan yang akan diambil. Sebagai seorang manajer tidak harus hanya memperhatikan lingkungan usahanya atau intern saja, namun juga harus bisa mengantisipasi lingkungan di luar perusahaan atau ekstern.
Untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi tidak lepas dari lingkungan ekstern yang terjadi, apalagi bagi organisasi atau perusahaan yang menghasilkan barang-barang yang dibutuhkan oleh konsumen. Oleh karena itu manajer harus memperhatikan dan mempertimbangkan unsur- unsur serta kekuatan-kekuatan lingkungan ekstern dalam setiap kegiatan manajemen. Suatu organisasi/bisnis akan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan eksternalnya dalam rangka mencapai tujuan, berbagai sasaran dan dalam mengemban misinya.
Lingkungan organisasi adalah salah satu faktor dan objek yang berinteraksi dan dapat mempengaruhi sebuah organisasi serta juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku yang terjadi di dalam organisasi itu sendiri serta akan mempengaruhi dan berdampak pada operasi perusahaan atau organisasi. Setiap organisasi akan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan tempatnya beroperasi.
Oleh karena lingkungan selalu berubah, maka organisasi yang survive adalah organisasi yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan lingkungan. Sebaliknya, organisasi akan hancur jika tidak perkembangan ataupun perubahan lingkungan di sekitarnya pun tidak diperhatikan.

Artikel ini membahas strategi pengembangan bisnis aplikasi Ruangguru melalui pendekatan Growing the Enterprise, yang menekankan pada pertumbuhan usaha secara berkelanjutan. Ruangguru sebagai platform edtech terkemuka di Indonesia telah menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam memperluas pasar dan inovasi layanan, tidak hanya secara nasional tetapi juga ke tingkat regional. Melalui analisis ini, artikel menguraikan langkah-langkah strategis seperti ekspansi geografis, diversifikasi produk, kemitraan dengan pemerintah dan lembaga pendidikan, serta adaptasi teknologi sebagai kunci utama pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran bagaimana Ruangguru berhasil menumbuhkan ekosistem bisnisnya dalam sektor pendidikan digital yang dinamis dan kompetitif. Dengan memahami strategi pertumbuhan yang diterapkan, pembaca dapat memperoleh wawasan praktis mengenai cara mengelola dan mengembangkan bisnis berbasis teknologi di era transformasi digital.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Tinjauan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dalam Menyusun Strategi Ekspansi Global Perusahaan Internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literature kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, artikel terkait. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam seperti kejujuran, integritas, ketulusan, tanggung jawab dan kepedulian sosial akan meningkatkan moral dan motivasi karyawan dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang harmonis dan produktif, dan prinsip-prinsip syariah dapat menjadi landasan etika untuk perencanaan ekspansi global. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya membantu perusahaan mengatasi tantangan lintas budaya, peraturan dan persaingan, tetapi juga meningkatkan reputasi, keberlanjutan dan daya saing di pasar global. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi empat strategi masuk (ekspor, lisensi, aliansi strategis dan investasi langsung asing), serta solusi berdasarkan nilai-nilai Islam untuk mengurangi risiko, seperti riset pasar yang mendalam. Temuan-temuan ini menegaskan bahwa manajemen pendidikan Islam menawarkan kerangka kerja strategis holistik dengan menggabungkan keunggulan kompetitif global dengan prinsip-prinsip etika Islam.

Abstract
This research is a case study of Tesco Plc and looks at how artificial intelligence (AI) affects consumer service in the UK retail industry. As a leading retailer in the country, Tesco has adopted the use of AI-driven technology like chatbots, self-checkout systems and the Clubcard reward program, which has helped in enhancing consumer involvement and operational effectiveness. While these technologies continue to become more and more popular, doubts persist about their efficacy in creating loyal customers, consumer happiness, and the subsequent impact on loyalty. This paper investigates customer impressions, usability of artificial intelligence technologies, their influence on buying behaviour, and development prospects.
The research uses inductive analysis of developing themes based on semi-structured interviews of 15 Tesco consumers and a qualitative technique based on interpretivism. The results reveal that while most people consider artificial intelligence services to time saving and handy, consumers are unaware of the technology. While emotional alienation and chatbot restrictions still concern, the control gained by the self-checkout and the likelihood of tailor-made experiences through the Clubcard system charmed customers.
The research interprets customer attitudes and behaviours using the theoretical models such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), SERVQUAL, Expectancy Confirmation Theory (ECT), and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. According to this, artificial intelligence helps to increase the level of efficiency and loyalty, but at the same time, the variables such as pricing and the availability of the products at retail contribute to retention, and it's not just one variable. The suggestions address raising human AI synergy, elevating emotional reactivity, and opening more openly about AI use. The repercussions of these for retail strategy, development of artificial intelligence, and enhancing customer relationship management are very real. 

This paper presents a review of the energy situation in Malawi and discusses renewable energy options that can strengthen Malawi's energy supply and energy security. The paper reviews the availability of renewable energy resources namely solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and geothermal in Malawi; and explores the potential of upscaling and broadening the applications of the existing renewable energy technologies. The paper also analyses challenges facing Malawi's energy sector, and presents a framework for sustainable delivery of renewable energy systems based on political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors (PESTLE). About 89 percent of the Malawi's energy is sourced from traditional biomass mainly fuel wood which has led to fuel wood demand exceeding sustainable wood supply. Only 8 percent of the population in Malawi have access to electricity; however installed capacity of electricity generation is lower than demand which leads to load shedding by the supplier and consequently electricity supply in Malawi is unreliable. Certainly, solar, nontraditional biomass (crop residues and forest residues not burnt on three stone fireplaces, and biogas) and hydro can contribute significantly to Malawi's inadequate and unreliable energy supply. There is also potential for wind and geothermal in the country but further resource mapping is required to comprehensively determine these resources. Although the Malawi Energy Policy lays out steps towards improving the energy supply in the country, unreliable financing mechanisms for large scale energy projects, shortage of trained human resource, lack of coordination among local institutions, unclear regulation enforcement and sometimes political governance impede sustainable delivery of energy projects in Malawi.

India's primary sector, particularly its agricultural sub-sector, forms the backbone of its economy, with paddy cultivation playing a central role in both food security and rural development. However, the marketing of paddy crops remains a key challenge affecting farmers' income, pricing, and distribution. This research paper examines the contribution of paddy marketing in the development of the primary sector by analyzing the role of government policies, market linkages, infrastructure, and technological advancements. By utilizing secondary data from government sources, academic studies, and market reports, this study explores the existing challenges and offers recommendations for improving the marketing system for paddy. The findings suggest that enhancing infrastructure, leveraging technology, and reforming government policies are essential to strengthening the primary sector and improving the livelihoods of farmers.

Pendahuluan Jatinangor dikenal sebagai kawasan pendidikan yang terus berkembang di Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Wilayah ini menjadi lokasi bagi sejumlah perguruan tinggi ternama seperti Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad), Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN), dan Institut Manajemen Koperasi Indonesia (IKOPIN). Kehadiran ribuan mahasiswa dari berbagai daerah yang tinggal sementara di Jatinangor mendorong pertumbuhan berbagai sektor usaha, terutama di bidang kuliner. Salah satu usaha yang cukup populer di kalangan mahasiswa maupun warga sekitar adalah Jatinangor House. Tempat ini tidak hanya menyajikan aneka makanan dan minuman, tetapi juga menawarkan suasana yang nyaman dan mudah diakses untuk berkumpul atau bersantai. Konsep yang diangkat oleh Jatinangor House sangat sesuai dengan gaya hidup mahasiswa yang mengutamakan tempat makan yang terjangkau, menarik secara visual, serta cocok untuk belajar maupun bersosialisasi. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku konsumen-khususnya mahasiswa-berperan besar dalam membentuk tren dan arah perkembangan bisnis kuliner lokal. Saat ini, konsumen tidak lagi sekadar mempertimbangkan rasa dan harga, tetapi juga aspek kenyamanan, pelayanan yang cepat, serta citra usaha yang ditampilkan melalui media sosial. Melalui kajian terhadap Jatinangor House, penulis bermaksud mengeksplorasi lebih dalam tentang perilaku konsumen dalam memilih tempat kuliner, serta bagaimana sebuah usaha dapat merancang strategi pemasaran dan layanan yang tepat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen muda masa kini. 1. Perilaku Konsumen Perilaku konsumen memainkan peran krusial dalam memahami proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan konsumen terkait pembelian serta penggunaan produk atau jasa.(Kotler dan Keller, 2016) mendefinisikan perilaku konsumen sebagai kajian mengenai cara individu, kelompok, maupun organisasi dalam menentukan, memperoleh, memakai, hingga membuang barang, jasa, ide, atau pengalaman demi memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan mereka. Pengertian ini menyoroti bahwa perilaku konsumen mencakup seluruh tahapan, mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan hingga proses akhir setelah produk digunakan. 2. Strategi Jatinangor House dalam Menarik Konsumen Milenial Sebagai pelaku usaha kuliner yang beroperasi di lingkungan kampus, Jatinangor House memiliki pendekatan yang adaptif dalam menarik perhatian generasi milenial. Beberapa strategi yang diterapkan antara lain:

Purpose: Purpose: This research paper has been carried out with the aim to investigate the challenges faced by the Indian aviation industry in this scenario where almost every airline company is facing losses.Complexities in the Indian aviation market have made the situation even more cumbersome with external factors further hampering the situation.So, it becomes necessary to identify those challenges and find counter’s measures for them to ensure sustainability and growth in the global market.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan (needs) dan keinginan (wants) konsumen dalam mengunjungi Bun Kopi, sebuah coffee shop lokal yang berkembang pesat di Kota Palembang. Pemahaman terhadap perilaku konsumen menjadi aspek penting dalam strategi pemasaran, khususnya dalam industri kuliner yang sangat kompetitif

Energy is very important for the development of any country in this world and Malawi is not exceptional. Malawi depends mainly on the Hydro Electric Power, fossil fuels and biomass on its energy sources for social economic and industrial activities. Due to increase in demand, Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi (ESCOM) has more pressure to supply the power to increased number of industry and domestic use which lead to more frequent blackouts throughout the country. In this regard there is need for an alternative source of energy, and solar energy is the most common and easy to get. The main objective of this study is to assess the potential for solar energy generation over Malawi, results of which would lead to harnessing solar energy in the country. The monthly mean sunshine hours and solar radiation values for the period of 30 years from 13 sites were analyzed in this study. Monthly and seasonal variations of sunshine hours and solar radiation were determined. Long vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .

Thisstudyaims(1)todeterminethemarketingstrategyusedbyCafeBreeSweetandfreeze Banjarmasin in increasing sales. (2) To find out marketing strategies that canbe implemented by utilizing SWOT analysis to improve marketing performance at Cafe BreeSweetandfreezee in Banjarmasin. The method in this study uses a qualitative  descriptivemethod.TheinformantsinthestudyweretheOwnersofCafeBreeSweetandfreezeBanjarmasin.Datacollectiontechniquesusedinthisstudyareobservationtechniques,interviewsand documentation studies.The results of the study show that Cafe Bree Sweetandfreeze Banjarmasin uses variousmarketing strategies, such as advertising promotions, collaboration with influencers, newproduct development and creating Instagramable photo areas. The SWOT analysis showsstrengths in product quality, cafe design and strategic location,  while  weaknesses  relate  tounderstanding  customer  preferences  and  digital  marketing.  The cafe has opportunities inforginglocalpartnershipsandleveragingsocialmedia,butfacesthreatsfromintensecompetitionandchangingconsumertrends.Inconclusion,CafeBreeSweetandfreezeeBanjarmasincancapitalizeonstrengths,overcomeweaknessesandseizeopportunitiestostrengthentheir brand andincreasetheir market share.

Apple Inc. adalah salah satu perusahaan teknologi terbesar di dunia yang dikenal dengan inovasi, strategi bisnis, serta produk-produk berkualitas tinggi. Makalah ini membahas analisis mendalam mengenai strategi bisnis Apple, ekspansi globalnya, serta tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi perusahaan dalam industri teknologi. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji bagaimana Apple beradaptasi dengan pasar Indonesia, termasuk strategi pemasaran, distribusi produk, dan kemitraan dengan pihak ketiga. Melalui analisis ini, diharapkan pembaca dapat memahami faktor-faktor kunci yang mendukung kesuksesan Apple serta dinamika pasar teknologi yang terus berkembang.

Kata Kunci: Apple Inc., strategi bisnis, inovasi, ekspansi global, pasar Indonesia.

Dalam konteks dinamika bisnis modern, transformasi layanan perusahaan telah melampaui paradigma tradisional efisiensi transaksional. Penelitian komprehensif ini mengeksplorasi secara mendalam strategi komunikasi PT Pos Indonesia di Garut, mengungkap pendekatan inovatif yang menintegrasikan teknologi digital, pemahaman psikologis pelanggan, dan strategi komunikasi multidimensional yang canggih. Studi kualitatif ini menerapkan model lima langkah strategis: mengenal khalayak, menyusun pesan, menetapkan metode, memilih media, dan mengatasi hambatan komunikasi. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan organisasi terletak pada kemampuan adaptasi dinamis dalam strategi komunikasi, integrasi teknologi mutakhir, dan penciptaan pengalaman pelanggan yang sangat personal dan responsif.

Transformasi digital telah menjadi kebutuhan mendesak di era modern ini, di mana teknologi informasi dan komunikasi berkembang dengan pesat. Dalam konteks ini, big data muncul sebagai aset penting yang dapat mendukung pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan konsep dan teori big data ke dalam framework yang mendukung transformasi digital, sehingga organisasi dapat lebih siap menghadapi tantangan yang ada dan memanfaatkan potensi besar yang ditawarkan oleh big data. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan studi literatur, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi organisasi dalam pengelolaan big data, termasuk aspek volume, kecepatan, variasi, keakuratan, dan nilai dari data. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi solusi yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan big data, seperti penggunaan teknologi penyimpanan terdistribusi, alat analisis canggih, dan kebijakan keamanan yang ketat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan big data tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, tetapi juga membantu organisasi dalam memahami perilaku pelanggan, mengidentifikasi tren pasar, dan menciptakan nilai tambah yang signifikan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi baik secara akademik maupun praktis dalam studi big data dan transformasi digital.

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran kepemimpinan sebagai moderasi antara budaya organisasi dan kinerja unggul di PT Adira Dinamika Multifinance Tbk. Dalam dinamika bisnis yang terus berubah, budaya organisasi yang berfokus pada inovasi dan transformasi memerlukan dukungan kepemimpinan yang proaktif agar dapat mencapai kinerja optimal. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kepemimpinan yang efektif, melalui pendekatan transformasional dan transaksional, memoderasi hubungan antara budaya organisasi yang kuat dengan pencapaian kinerja perusahaan yang unggul. Kepemimpinan yang proaktif berperan dalam merespons perubahan pasar, regulasi, serta tantangan eksternal, sekaligus menjaga sinergi antara nilai-nilai budaya dan tujuan strategis perusahaan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa PT Adira Finance berhasil meningkatkan daya saing dan kinerja operasional melalui implementasi budaya inovasi dan transformasi, didorong oleh kepemimpinan yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap perubahan industri dan teknologi, yang tercermin dalam pencapaian signifikan dalam pembiayaan kendaraan listrik dan sektor non-otomotif. Penulisan ini memberikan wawasan tentang pentingnya integrasi budaya dan kepemimpinan untuk meraih kinerja unggul dalam lingkungan bisnis yang dinamis.

Buku "Manajemen Strategis" ini dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam dan praktis tentang manajemen strategis, yang penting untuk mencapai tujuan jangka panjang organisasi. Kami berharap buku ini dapat menjadi panduan bagi para mahasiswa, praktisi, dan siapa saja yang tertarik dalam bidang ini. Buku ini terdiri dari enam bab utama. Bab pertama, Konsep Dasar Strategis, menguraikan definisi, tujuan, dan teori dasar manajemen strategis, sebagai fondasi penting untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut. Bab kedua, Analisis Lingkungan Strategis, menjelaskan alat dan teknik analisis lingkungan internal dan eksternal, termasuk Analisis SWOT dan Porter's Five Forces. Bab ketiga, Perumusan Strategi, membahas bagaimana merumuskan strategi yang efektif berdasarkan analisis lingkungan, dengan pendekatan seperti Resource-Based View dan Balanced Scorecard. Bab keempat, Implementasi Strategi, fokus pada alokasi sumber daya, struktur organisasi, dan pengelolaan perubahan yang diperlukan untuk mengimplementasikan strategi. Bab kelima, Evaluasi dan Pengendalian Strategis, mengulas metode untuk mengukur dan mengendalikan kinerja strategi yang telah diimplementasikan. Terakhir, bab keenam, Studi Kasus dan Aplikasi Praktis, menyajikan contoh nyata penerapan manajemen strategis di berbagai industri. Terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berkontribusi dalam penyusunan buku ini. Semoga buku ini bermanfaat dan memberikan inspirasi dalam penerapan manajemen strategis yang efektif.

Mie Baek Ekspress adalah sebuah usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) yang berfokus pada penyajian mie pedas dengan berbagai varian rasa, didirikan pada 22 November 2022. Usaha ini muncul sebagai respons terhadap tingginya permintaan mie instan di Indonesia, terutama di kalangan mahasiswa yang menginginkan makanan cepat, praktis, dan terjangkau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menganalisis strategi kebijakan bisnis Mie Baek. Melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung, serta analisis PESTEL dan SWOT, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan bisnis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Mie Baek menghadapi tantangan seperti kesalahan dalam pembuatan pesanan, ketidakstabilan ekonomi, dan persaingan ketat dengan merek lain seperti Mie Gacoan. Strategi yang dirancang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan daya saing di pasar kuliner. Dengan memahami dinamika pasar dan kebutuhan konsumen, Mie Baek Ekspress berupaya untuk terus berinovasi dan memperluas jangkauan pasarnya demi mencapai pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan.

Mie Baek Ekspress, a micro, small, and medium enterprise (UMKM) that specializes in the production of spicy noodles with various flavor profiles, was established on November 22, 2022. This enterprise emerged in response to the significant demand for instant noodles in Indonesia, particularly among students seeking convenient, economical, and practical sustenance.This research employs a qualitative approach to examine Mie Baek's business policy strategy. The study utilizes a combination of in-depth interviews, direct observation, and PESTEL and SWOT analysis to identify the internal and external factors influencing the business's sustainability.The analysis reveals that Mie Baek faces challenges, including errors in order manufacturing, economic instability, and intense competition from other brands, such as Gacoan Noodles.The designed strategy aims to enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness in the culinary market. By comprehending market dynamics and consumer needs, Mie Baek Express endeavors to perpetually innovate and augment its market reach, thereby attaining sustainable growth.

This study aimed to explore the viability of a Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) model among leadership in selected township and rural area markets of South Africa and the impact on the organisation's overall performance. In today's globalized world, businesses look to expand and set foot print across various markets to have a global presence. Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) businesses have expanded internationally and locally including townships markets using franchising business model to contribute to the social economy. The study used a qualitative descriptive exploratory method. The main finding of the study was that the QSR model in the township brought convenience, cost effectiveness, accessibility to value bulk buying of meals and Wi-Fi connection The communities and the restaurants found opportunities to contribute to social development and job creation. High levels of criminal activities, customer interference with employees, limited consumer bulk meal of choices, power, and water shortages where the key challenges affecting the viability of the QSR model.

Археологическият виртуален туризъм е иновационна форма на туризъм, която използва съвременни цифрови технологии, за да предостави достъп до археологически обекти и исторически находища по нов начин. В тази статия се разглеждат основните технологии, използвани в археологическия виртуален туризъм, включително виртуална реалност (VR), добавена реалност (AR) и 3D моделиране. Чрез PESTEL анализа се анализират политическите, икономическите, социалните, технологичните, екологичните и легалните фактори, които влияят на развитието и успешността на виртуалния археологически туризъм. Статията изследва как тези фактори формират възможностите и предизвикателствата пред тази иновационна област и предлага препоръки за оптимизиране на виртуалните преживявания. В заключение, се предоставят насоки за бъдещето на археологическия виртуален туризъм и неговото влияние върху опазването на културното наследство и образованието.

Dalam era digital, kemajuan teknologi informasi seperti big
data, kecerdasan buatan, dan komputasi awan telah merubah lanskap
bisnis, menuntut pendekatan strategis yang lebih adaptif, inovatif,
dan berbasis data. Buku Manajemen Strategis membahas teori dasar
yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep-konsep baru yang relevan di era
digital, termasuk pengelolaan sumber daya digital, strategi berbasis
platform, dan penerapan analitik data dalam pengambilan keputusan
strategis. Dengan pendekatan praktis, buku ini dirancang untuk
membantu organisasi memahami peluang dan tantangan era digital,
sekaligus mengembangkan strategi yang berkelanjutan untuk
menciptakan keunggulan kompetitif

The human musculoskeletal system is a highly intricate network that provides structure, support, and the ability to move. Central to this system are joints, which are the connections between bones. This paper delves into the anatomy of different types of joints, focusing on structural and functional classifications, with an emphasis on synovial joints—the most complex and movable type. It explores the components and types of synovial joints, detailing the movements they facilitate. Understanding these aspects is crucial for diagnosing and treating joint-related disorders such as arthritis, bursitis, and tendonitis. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of joints in maintaining mobility and stability, highlighting their critical role in overall human physiology.

Xiaomi dapat mempertahankan daya saing di berbagai kategori produk melalui pengembangan dan inovasi, harga kompetitif, dan integrasi ekosistem. Strategi ini menjadi keunggulan untuk menghadapi persaingan ketat, sementara sumber daya yang sulit ditiru dan terorganisir dapat memberikan keunggulan kompetitif yang berkelanjutan di pasar global.

Археологическият виртуален туризъм е иновационна форма на туризъм, която използва съвременни цифрови технологии, за да предостави достъп до археологически обекти и исторически находища по нов начин. В тази статия се разглеждат основните технологии, използвани в археологическия виртуален туризъм, включително виртуална реалност (VR), добавена реалност (AR) и 3D моделиране. Чрез PESTEL анализа се анализират политическите, икономическите, социалните, технологичните, екологичните и легалните фактори, които влияят на развитието и успешността на виртуалния археологически туризъм. Статията изследва как тези фактори формират възможностите и предизвикателствата пред тази иновационна област и предлага препоръки за оптимизиране на виртуалните преживявания. В заключение, се предоставят насоки за бъдещето на археологическия виртуален туризъм и неговото влияние върху опазването на културното наследство и образованието.
КЛЮЧОВИ ДУМИ: Археологически виртуален туризъм, Виртуална реалност (VR), Добавена реалност (AR), 3D моделиране, Културно наследство, PESTEL анализ, Технологични иновации, Образователни технологии, Устойчиво развитие.

The present study was focused on exploring the presence of active compounds in Origanum majorana essential oil (OmEO), and its various knock‐down effects against the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. GC–MS analysis detected the existence of major compounds such as monoterpenes, cis‐β‐terpineol and terpinen‐4‐ol with the total proportion of 52.16%. Fumigant toxicity against adult and larvae was calculated with an LC50 value of 11.31 and 49.83 μL/L air, respectively. The contact toxicity against adult, pupa, larvae and eggs was observed with LC50 value 2.54, 0.95, 2.78, and 0.49 μL/L, respectively. Furthermore, the influential repellent behavior against adults has been observed. Acetylesterase (AChE) inhibition activity of OmEO was observed against adult and larvae of C. cephalonica with an IC50 value of 35.89 and 118.54 μL/mL, respectively. Moreover, computational docking study revealed the binding affinity of Cis‐β‐terpineol and terpinen‐4‐ol towards the active binding sites of AChE. ...

Analisis SWOT adalah salah satu alat yang paling banyak digunakan dalam dunia bisnis dan manajemen untuk mengevaluasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman yang dihadapi oleh organisasi. Meskipun sangat populer, pemahaman yang mendalam dan aplikasi yang tepat dari analisis SWOT masih sering kurang dipahami di Indonesia. Buku ini hadir sebagai buku referensi sekaligus buku ajar yang dirancang untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut, memberikan panduan yang komprehensif dan mendetail tentang bagaimana SWOT dapat diterapkan secara efektif dalam berbagai konteks bisnis.

A plethora of obstacles frequently confront small business enterprises. Still, many business owners were caught off guard by the unexpected COVID-19 outbreak. This research is a survey of small businesses in the city of Jos, Nigeria. The objective is to determine the financial exposure of small businesses to the COVID-19 epidemic. We obtained primary data from respondents using Likert scale questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to address the study questions with the data collected. Our findings showed that liquidity was the worst-hit aspect of business finance. This was closely followed by profitability, while debt management was the least impacted of the three domains. The theoretical argument of the study suggests a pragmatic approach to assessing how external environmental factors affect business entities. The authors recommend that business owners should make concerted efforts to get a financial education.

The COVID-19 outbreak that occurred at the end of 2019 has affected the whole world. The aviation industry has also been one of the most affected sectors by the epidemic. In order to prevent the spread of the virus, the country borders were closed to entry and passenger transportation came to a halt. With the resumption of flights, international civil aviation organizations and civil aviation authorities of the countries have taken various measures. In the light of these measures, new regulations were developed about processes from entrance to the airport to completion of the flight. New applications such as the use of personal protective equipment and social distance caused many changes in airport processes. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of the COVID-19 measures taken on the airport security screening checkpoint capacity. The airport security screening process of Milas-Bodrum Airport was modeled in line with these measures and capacity analysis was carried out by simulation method. While creating the model, the passenger traffic data of the airport from previous years, similar studies in the literature and expert opinions were used. As the result of the research, it was determined that the measures taken increased the usage rates of the processing units to the maximum levels. If additional security checkpoints are not used, it is anticipated that the measures taken may disrupt the passenger flow.