Open Source GIS

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and 15-minute City (15mC) are two planning concepts that, in different ways, have attempted to provide alternative solutions to the car-centered development model characterizing modern cities. The paper presents a methodology that seeks to integrate the TOD and 15mC principles in an analytical perspective, with an application in a rail station area of Palermo, a Southern European city plagued by inefficient public transport and traffic congestion. The study aims to define and compare two different station areas based on their socio economic, functional and environmental dimensions including accessibility and built environment. The paper is divided into six sections, including the work's theoretical framework, the description of the railway system, the methodology that explains indicators used for the analysis and discussion about the comparison of two case studies. In the final part of the paper we critically outline the potential of this approach for future investigations and explain the novelty of the research with integrated analysis of the city-transport interaction around two different node.

This paper presents a GMT scripting technique for mapping seismic moment tensor solutions. The underlying geophysical properties and settings of the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) situated on the margins of the Pacific Ocean are analysed. Active volcanism and high seismicity of this region located along the margins of the Philippine Sea Basin (PSB) results in a series of earthquake events caused by geodynamic processes of tectonic plate subduction. The proposed console-based framework of cartographic workflow is designed to perform mapping of the earthquake events using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) modules, to analyse seismic setting through visualisation of the geophysical dataset. The materials include General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) and International Seismological Centre (ISC) seismic data. Technically, the algorithm of mapping by GMT consists in a consecutive use of modules used in a script run from a command line: 'psmeca', 'psvelo', 'img2grd', 'grdtrack', 'grdimage'. The GMT functionality is illustrated by the key snippets of code. The path to the full codes is provided with a link to the author's GitHub repository for technical repeatability. Furthermore, the algorithm of GMT enabled to visualise CMT solutions for shallow depth earthquakes of M w < 10 along the PSB margins from 1976 to 2010. Thus, the paper also demonstrated and presented the performance of the GMT on a geophysical dataset that features complete earthquakes data along the zone of tectonic plate subduction from the Global CMT Project. In both technical and geophysical cases, this approach of GMT-based mapping presents cartographic workflow better than state-of-the-art traditional GIS programs through increased automation of the cartographic workflow. The study contributed to the development of methods of geophysical and seismic mapping using GMT scripting toolset by visualising focal mechanisms and seismic moment tensor solutions.

La scheda analizza il cippo funerario CIL V 1211, un terminus in calcare di Aurisina rinvenuto ad Aquileia nel 1651 presso la chiesa di Santo Stefano. L’iscrizione, recante la formula L·M / FLAVIORVM / Q·Q·V·P·L (Locus Monumenti Flaviorum quoquo versus pedes quinquaginta), delimita un recinto sepolcrale quadrato di 50 piedi per lato, attestandosi come uno dei più ampi documentati ad Aquileia. Lo studio ricostruisce la storia collezionistica del manufatto (Orsato → Silvestri → Maffei) e ne analizza gli aspetti materiali, paleografici e contestuali. Vengono discusse le varianti di scioglimento delle abbreviazioni (QQV = quoquo versus vs. quaqua versus) proposte dagli auctores storici (Reinesius, Muratori, Maffei, Orelli), evidenziando errori e dipendenze testuali. L’analisi del ductus, del modulo e dell’ordinatio suggerisce una datazione al I secolo d.C., supportata dalla diffusione del gentilizio Flavius in epoca flavia. Il cippo è contestualizzato nella tipologia dei recinti funerari aquileiesi, caratterizzati da misure standardizzate e da una pianificazione spaziale ben documentata epigraficamente.

Apart from the drive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by carbon-intensive economies like South Africa, the recent spate of electricity load shedding across most part of the country, including Cape Town has left electricity consumers scampering for alternatives, so as to rely less on the national grid. Solar energy, which is adequately available in most part of Africa and regarded as a clean and renewable source of energy, makes it possible to generate electricity by using photovoltaics technology. However, before time and financial resources are invested into rooftop solar photovoltaic systems in urban areas, it is important to evaluate the potential of the building rooftop, intended to be used in harvesting the solar energy. This paper presents methodologies making use of LiDAR data and other ancillary data, such as high-resolution aerial imagery, to automatically extract building rooftops in City of Cape Town and evaluate their potentials for solar photovoltaics systems. Two mai...

Geospatial data analysis using cloud computing platform is one of the promising areas for analysing, retrieving, and processing volumetric data. Fog computing paradigm assists cloud platform where fog devices try to increase the throughput and reduce latency at the edge of the client. In this research paper, the authors discuss two case studies on geospatial data analysis using Fog-assisted cloud computing namely, (1)Ganga River Basin Management System; and (2)Tourism Information Management of India. Both case studies evaluate proposed GeoFog architecture for efficient analysis and management of geospatial big data employing fog computing. The authors developed a prototype of GeoFog architecture using Intel Edison and Raspberry Pi devices. The authors implemented some of the open source compression methods for reducing the data transmission overload in the cloud. Proposed architecture performs data compression and overlay analysis of data. The authors further discussed the improveme...

In this work, experimental result measuring the performance of a composite filter designed to solve the optical pattern recognition problem of defocus images is presented. We apply a methodology that considers optical decomposition of the input scene in frequency bands. In each band a pattern recognition filter is applied. Finally this information is fused by means of addition or geometric mean. We analyze both the individual information, and the fusion scheme. We also present results when total spectral information of the optical pattern recognition process is taken in to account.

Emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) can be life-saving in managing well-known complications during childbirth. However, suboptimal availability, accessibility, quality and utilisation of EmONC services hampered meeting Millennium Development Goal target 5A. Evaluation and modelling tools of health system performance and future potential can help countries to optimise their strategies towards reaching Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. The standard set of indicators for monitoring EmONC has been found useful for assessing quality and utilisation but does not account for travel time required to physically access health services. The increased use of geographical information systems, availability of free geographical modelling tools such as AccessMod and the quality of geographical data provide opportunities to complement the existing EmONC indicators by adding geographically explicit measurements. This paper ...

Formar a los participantes en el manejo de herramientas avanzadas como Random Forest, Control del error basado en métodos IA, píxeles puros, procesamiento óptica y radar de imágenes Sentinel-1 y Sentinel-2 integradas en Google Earth Engine, para modelar y evaluar cambios en la cobertura y uso de la tierra con aplicaciones en análisis ambiental, Agrícola y planificación territorial.

Background: Maternal mortality reduction is a priority under goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals. The majority of maternal deaths occur from direct obstetric complications like post-partum hemorrhage, obstructed labor, toxemia of pregnancy and complications of abortion. Availability and utilization of Emergency Obstetric Care services have been shown to reduce suffering and deaths from obstetric complications. The study assessed the availability and utilization of Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) services in Jigawa State, Northwest Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public Primary Health Care facilities that provide delivery services in Jigawa State. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 15 public primary health care centers. Data was collected using a structured emergency obstetric care tool developed by Averting Maternal Death and Disability and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: All the healthcare facilities administered parenteral Oxytocics, while 86.7% administered parenteral antibiotics and 93.3% performed neonatal resuscitation. About 53%, 74%, and 80% of the facilities performed removal of retained product, administration of parenteral anticonvulsants and manual removal of retained product respectively None of the health facilities performed assisted vaginal delivery. Only 20.3% of births took place in facilities providing BEmONC, and only 9.4% of the BEmONC needs in Jigawa State were being met. Conclusion: None of the health facilities met the criteria for a fully functional BEmONC. Majority of the women with obstetric complications did not utilize BEmONC services, and the BEmONC needs of the population were not being met.

La utilizacion de radiacion de microondas para la obtencion de imagenes tomograficas de cuerpos biologicos es un nuevo campo de investigacion que puede englobarse dentro de los metodos de diagnostico no invasivo. El elemento diferencial con respecto a los demas metodos en el propio sensor, lo que asegura la complementaridad con el resto de procedimientos. Las microondas, zona del espectro electromagnetico comprendida entre 300 MHz y 300 GHz, no poseen la energia cuantica necesaria como para romper los enlaces intermoleculares y por tanto constituyen una radiacion no ionizante. Este hecho, considerado aisladamente, hace atractivos los procedimientos de deteccion de imagenes biologicas basados en este tipo de radiacion.

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Kent Bilgi Sistemleri günümüzde kentsel alanların planlanması, yönetilmesi ve sürdürülebilirliği konusunda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Kentsel alanlarda karşılaşılan karmaşık sorunların çözümünde, doğru veriye erişim, etkili analiz ve verimli kaynak yönetimi sağlayan bu yazılımların etkisi giderek artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu sistemler kentlerdeki bilgi toplama, veri depolama, işleme, analiz etme ve sunma gibi süreçlerde önemli bir rehberlik sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Kent Bilgi Sistemleri (KBS) yazılımları incelenmiş ve karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Kent Bilgi Sistemleri kapsamında kullanılan mevcut yazılımların özelliklerinin, avantajlarının ve dezavantajlarının kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektir. Ayrıca kentsel yönetim ve coğrafi analiz süreçlerinde karşılaşılan zorlukları gidermek için kullanılabilecek en uygun yazılımları belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada CBS ve KBS yazılımlarının karşılaştırması için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde uluslararası akademik literatür, teknik raporlar, kullanıcı deneyimi ve yazılımları karşılaştıran web siteleri taranmıştır. CBS ve KBS yazılımlarının karşılaştırılmasında kullanılabilirlik, kullanıcı deneyimi, performans, veri işleme kapasitesi, güvenlik ve destek gibi kriterler belirlenmiş ve bu kriterler üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Dünya genelinde kullanılan CBS ve KBS yazılımlarının çeşitliliği göz önüne alındığında, her yazılımın farklı kullanım alanları, özellikleri ve kullanıcı tabanları bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kullanıcı sayısı, kullanım alanları, sektördeki konumu ve literatürdeki sıklık gibi faktörler göz önüne alınarak dünyada genel itibari ile tercih edilen yazılımların araştırma kapsamında belirlenmesi araştırmanın kapsamını belirli bir düzeyde sınırlandırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak farklı ihtiyaçlara yönelik en uygun yazılımlar; Profesyonel, kapsamlı analiz araçları ile geniş bütçeye sahip kullanıcılar için ArcGIS Desktop veya ArcGIS Pro, ücretsiz ve özelleştirilebilir çözümler arayan kullanıcılar için QGIS, kullanım kolaylığı, hızlı öğrenme 1 Bu çalışma, 1. Yazarın 2. Yazar danışmanlığında hazırladığı yüksek lisans seminerinden üretilmiştir.

In the 2003 reform, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) established, in accordance with Article 93 (Regl. (EU) No. 1306/2013) a series of conditionality rules, including the Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (BCAM). . Specifically, this work deals with those that have a special relationship with the soil and the carbon reserve (BCAM 4, 5

© 2024 Edizioni della Normale | Scuola Normale Superiore (per la presente edizione) I contributi pubblicati in questo volume sono stati sottoposti a double peer review. Opera distribuita con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione -Non commerciale -Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 Internazionale (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Integralmente disponibile in formato pdf open access: Prima edizione: ottobre 2024 isbn 978-88-7642-786-2 (online)

The research presented in this Doctoral Thesis proposes an automatic methodology using an algorithm that allows the detection of the coastline in deltaic environments from medium resolution satellite images. The images have been acquired through one of the free access databases of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States (NASA). To assess the goodness of the methodology, images from the Landsat project were used, from which three of the sensors used on the different satellites of the project were selected. This made it possible to use a large amount of data over a wide time range. In order to evaluate the goodness of the proposed methodology, a statistical comparison was made between the results obtained using the proposed indices, and those obtained from other spectral indices commonly used in the literature to detect bodies of water. This comparison was made by applying each of the indices to three deltas of the Spanish Mediterranean (deltas of the ri...

Prima di introdurre, come di consueto, i contenuti del nuovo fascicolo delle Notizie degli scavi, mi è particolarmente gradito ringraziare ancora una volta il Direttore della Scuola Normale, prof. Luigi Ambrosio e il Segretario Generale, dott. Enrico Periti per il sostegno fornito alle nostre iniziative, e l'ing. Eugenio Lucchesini, che come di consueto ha creato le condizioni perché tutte le attività sul campo si svolgessero in piena sicurezza. Nelle nostre attività in Sicilia abbiamo come sempre potuto fare affidamento sul supporto istituzionale, tecnico e logistico degli Enti preposti alla tutela e alla valorizzazione delle aree in cui ricadono i siti di nostro interesse. In particolare voglio ricordare il Parco archeologico di Segesta (diretto fino all'aprile 2022 dalla dott.ssa Rossella Giglio e adesso dall'arch. Luigi Biondo), che ha anche cofinanziato un assegno di ricerca rivolto alla georeferenziazione e documentazione delle aree di scavo di Entella e Segesta (dott. Pietro Carmelo Manti). Come ha fatto del resto anche il Parco della Valle dei Tempi di Agrigento (diretto dall'arch. Roberto Sciarratta), cofinanziando l'assegno di ricerca grazie al quale il dott. Cristofoco Grotta sta conducendo ricerche negli archivi agrigentini (e non solo, come vedremo). Le campagne di scavo del 2021 hanno riguardato i siti di Agrigento, Entella e Segesta. Si tratta di progetti ormai consolidati, alcuni ormai da decenni, che continuano a restituire nuove acquisizioni scientifiche e ulteriori prospettive di ricerca, come si vedrà nelle pagine che seguono. Allo stesso tempo, nei cantieri archeologici della Normale in Sicilia si avvicendano allieve e allievi della Scuola, insieme a studentesse e studenti da altri Atenei, in quello che è ormai diventato un appuntamento fisso, un'esperienza formativa per le giovani leve dell'archeologia e, più in generale, dell'antichistica. Le sezioni in cui si articola il presente fascicolo (Agrigento; Entella; Segesta; Locri) contengono principalmente le relazioni preliminari degli scavi condotti nel 2021, oltre a singoli approfondimenti e ad apporti da altre discipline. viii Anna Magnetto Ad Agrigento ci portano le indagini condotte da Gianfranco Adornato e dai suoi allievi nell'area del tempio D, nell'ambito di un progetto pluridisciplinare, in cui la ricerca archeologica si integra da un lato con le indagini scientifiche e dall'altra con lo spoglio di un'ampia messe di documenti d'archivio. Il tutto nella cornice del Parco della Valle dei Templi che, come scrive in queste pagine Roberto Sciarratta, sa coniugare tutela e valorizzazione, ricerca scientifica e archeologia pubblica, rivitalizzazione del paesaggio e accessibilità. Introduce la presentazione dei risultati dei tre saggi condotti nell'area del tempio D un contributo del direttore dello scavo, Gianfranco Adornato (infra), che collega i tre distinti interventi con altrettante domande suscitate dal riesame complessivo dell'area templare. Il nuovo rilevamento delle strutture antiche porta a individuare simmetrie e asimmetrie che interessano il tempio, l'altare monumentale, lacerti murari affioranti nell'area della collina e indagati durante gli scavi, e che insieme ai reperti raccolti fanno ipotizzare la presenza di un edificio di culto anteriore a quello adesso visibile. L'altare in particolare ha un orientamento diverso rispetto al tempio, e soprattutto un rapporto dimensionale con l'edificio templare (1,73) unico nel panorama mediterraneo del V sec. a.C. Entrando nel dettaglio, i risultati dell'indagine all'altare (Sarcone, Guerini, infra) ne fissano la costruzione verso il 470-460 a.C., ma i materiali architettonici residuali rinvenuti nello scavo documentano per la prima volta una precedente fase cultuale di età arcaica, e forniscono spunti per una ricostruzione di attività rituali nell'area, subito dopo la fondazione della colonia e nel secolo successivo. Nell'area a Ovest del tempio (D'Andrea, infra), le fasi di vita e frequentazione antecedenti la costruzione dell'edificio dorico riaffiorano in un muro in grandi blocchi di calcarenite, caratterizzato da accorgimenti tecnici che consentivano un adeguato drenaggio delle acque, mentre i terreni di fondazione e a ridosso del muro stesso rivelano allo scavo una voluta alternanza di livelli argillosi e sabbiosi, funzionale a costituire un terrapieno che consolidasse e livellasse la collina del tempio. Infine, le due strutture murarie individuate alle pendici nord-orientali della collina del Tempio (Amara, Di Santi, Figura, Rignanese, infra) forniscono nuovi dati e ulteriori spunti di indagine sull'area a ridosso della cinta muraria in due momenti della storia agrigentina, tra la fine del VI-inizio V sec. a.C., e tra la fine del IV-inizi del III sec. a.C. Dalle ricerche sul campo a quelle d'archivio con Grotta (infra): anzi, negli archivi, visto che l'indagine si amplia dall'Archivio di Stato di Agrigento a quello del Museo «A. Salinas» di Palermo. I documenti permettono di ix Prefazione ricostruire una fitta sequela di interventi di scavo, di restauro, di consolidamento lungo il XIX e i primi decenni del XX secolo; al contempo, fanno risaltare alcuni vuoti nella documentazione, come quello riguardante l'indagine condotta da Pirro Marconi negli anni Venti nel secolo scorso. Ci spostiamo poi nella Sicilia interna, nella valle del Belìce, a Rocca d'Entella, ricadente nel Parco Archeologico di Segesta. E non posso non ringraziare il sindaco del Comune di Contessa Entellina, Leonardo Spera, per il costante supporto offerto: in particolare, la 'vecchia' missione archeologica a Contessa, risistemata e rinnovata ad opera e spese del Comune, ha potuto tornare a ospitare gli archeologi della Normale, rivitalizzando una tradizione più che decennale. L'équipe del Laboratorio, coordinata da Maria Cecilia Parra e da chi scrive, ha proseguito le indagini riprese nel 2020 in due aree strategiche dell'antica città di Entella, l'altura del palazzo fortificato medievale e la cosiddetta 'Area centrale' . Nel primo dei due settori (Corretti, Vaggioli, infra) si è approfondita e ampliata l'indagine lungo il versante nord-occidentale del rilievo di q. 542, nell'area non occupata dalle strutture medievali lungo l'attuale strada agricola. Lo scavo ha rimesso in luce una serie di ambienti posti a valle di un muro di terrazzamento in grandi blocchi di pietra gessosa locale, analogo, e perpendicolare, a quello messo in luce sul versante NordEst dell'altura nel 2020. Di notevole interesse la vicenda costruttiva del complesso, che vede successive trasformazioni tra l'età protoellenistica e la tarda età repubblicana, analogamente a quanto documentato nel settore nord-orientale dell'altura nel 2020. Emergono quindi le tracce di un apprestamento che può risalire all'epoca arcaica e che era volto a monumentalizzare questo rilievo centrale nella topografia urbana. Una delle anfore recuperate nei contesti della piena età ellenistica portava un titulus pictus il cui studio (Nicolino, infra) consente di inserire pienamente Entella nel circuito di diffusione dei vini campani fra III e II sec. a.C. Significative poi, per la ricostruzione dei culti di Entella, le acquisizioni delle indagini 2021 (Michelini, Parra, infra) nell'area centrale, nel vallone orientale della Rocca. Le vasche circolari rimesse in luce -una interamente; una seconda, più grande, solo in parte -vanno con ogni verosimiglianza interpretate come apprestamenti cultuali e riferite in particolare alla pratica del megarizein, caratterizzante il rituale tesmoforico: esse vanno quindi a integrare quanto già emerso nella scorsa campagna con il rinvenimento di alcune deposizioni votive. Di notevole interesse inoltre l'individuazione di due anfratti nella roccia, con ceramiche locali di epoca

Size of the geospatial enterprise: There is little question that the geospatial information enterprise is large and growing. Absent a standard industry definition, however, estimates of the size of the enterprise have varied. Technology market research firm estimated that worldwide sales of GIS software, services, data, and hardware totaled $1.84 billion in 2003. Daratech predicts that total revenues will increase nearly ten percent in 2004. The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing's (ASPRS) survey of the "remote sensing and geospatial information industry" led it to estimate 2001 industry revenues at $2.4 billion, and to predict growth to more than $6 billion by 2012 . The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in consultation with the Geospatial Workforce Development Center at the University of Southern Mississippi, estimated that the U.S. "geospatial technology" market would generate $30 billion a year by 2005 ($20 billion for remote sensing, $10 billion for geographic information services) (Gaudet and others, 2003). This most optimistic prediction, based on an expansive conception of the geospatial information industry that includes remote sensing, GIS, and global positioning system technologies, has since been adopted by the U.S. Department of Labor (U.S. Department of Labor, no date). Because of the varied definitions, broad scope, and rapid evolution of the geospatial enterprise, reliable information about the size and composition of the geospatial workforce is difficult to obtain (Ohio State University, 2002). A few telling estimates do exist, however. ASPRS estimates that about 175,000 people are employed in the "U.S. remote sensing and geospatial information industry" . Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), which along with Intergraph accounts for nearly half of the worldwide GIS software market, estimated in 2000 that 500,000 individuals in the U.S. use its software products as part of their jobs, and that some 50,000 individuals work as full-time GIS specialists . Longley and colleagues estimate that there are some four million GIS users worldwide, working at some two million sites (Longley, Goodchild, Maguire, and Rhind, 2005). Whatever the actual size of the geospatial information workforce, everyone seems to agree that there are too few qualified workers available to support the industry's growth. Initiative in 1997 to address the "serious shortfall of professionals and trained specialists who can utilize geospatial technologies in their jobs" (Gaudet and others, 2003, p. 21). ESRI Higher Education Marketing Manager Michael Phoenix estimates that "the shortfall in producing individuals with an advanced level of GIS education is around 3,000 to 4,000 [annually] in the U.S. alone" (Phoenix, 2000, p. 13). The Assistant Secretary for Labor and Training of the U.S. Department of Labor has pointed to survey data indicating that "87 percent of geospatial product and service providers … had difficulty filling positions requiring geospatial technology skills" (DeRocco, 2004, p. 2). So bullish is the U.S. Department of Labor (DoL) about prospects for growth in "geospatial-related occupations" (Table ) that it identified geospatial technologies as one of twelve "high-growth" industries. Citing "an immediate and anticipated need to fill tens of thousands of positions," DoL launched the "President's High Growth Job Training Initiative" in 2003 (Department of Labor, no date). Seeking "alternatives to the traditional pipeline" of four-year degree programs, DoL's Education and Training Administration is investing up to $250 million to develop training programs at community colleges (Department of Labor, no date). While industry insiders may consider the Department of Labor's conception of the geospatial industry far too inclusive (e.g., , no one is likely to contest DoL's analysis that workforce issues have become urgent. Occupation 2000-2010 Growth (projected) BoK2006_DD_25Feb2006.doc

This paper describes national cooperation in Sweden launched by its universities and authorities, aimed at improving geodata education. These initiatives have been focused upon providing common access to geodata, the production of teaching materials in Swedish and organizing annual meetings for teachers. We argue that this type of cooperation is vital to providing high quality education for a poorly recognized subject in a country with a relatively small population.

Repertorio Bibliografico georeferenziato per la Cartografia Archeologica in Italia Il progetto I l Progetto Censimento per la Cartografia Archeologica, è nato con l'obiettivo di creare uno strumento tecnico anche con solide basi scientifiche, che avesse come modello il metodo che rimanda alla "Carta Archeologica d'Italia" (CAI) 2. Avviato nel 2002 3 , su iniziativa del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali 4 in collaborazione con l'Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza 5 e con la partecipazione dell' Università degli Studi di Foggia 6 e del CNR 7 , è stato elaborato attraverso varie fasi operative ed è stato realizzato nel corso di diversi anni (2002-2008), con la partecipazione di un nutrito gruppo di giovani ricercatori che si sono succeduti ed alternati. L'ultima fase di lavoro (2006-2008) era inserita nel Progetto di Sistema Informativo Archeologico del P.O.N. Sicurezza per lo Sviluppo del Mezzogiorno d'Italia e quindi è risultata di estrema rilevanza perché i dati ac

Entre las soluciones mas satisfactorias al problema de las emisiones de CO2 esta la captura y almacenamiento de este gas de efecto invernadero en reservorios profundos. Esta tecnica implica la necesidad de monitorizar grandes extensiones de terreno. Utilizando una zona de vulcanismo residual, en la provincia de Ciudad Real, se han monitorizado las emisiones de CO2 utilizando imagenes de muy alta resolucion espacial. Se han generado indices de vegetacion, y estos se han correlacionado con medidas de contenido de CO2 del aire en los puntos de emision. Los resultados han arrojado niveles de correlacion significativos (p. ej.: SAVI = -0,93) y han llevado a descubrir un nuevo punto de emision de CO2. Palabras clave: teledeteccion, CO2, vegetacion, satelite Monitoring CO2 emissions in a natural analogue by correlating with vegetation indices Abstract: Among the most satisfactory solutions for the CO2 emissions problem is the capture and storage of this greenhouse gas in deep reservoirs. T...

Analyzing rasters, vectors and time series using new Python interfaces in GRASS GIS 7 Václav Petráš, Anna Petrášová, Yann Chemin, Pietro Zambelli, Martin Landa, Sören Gebbert, Markus Neteler, and Peter Löwe North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA (wenzeslaus@gmail.com, vpetras@ncsu.edu), International Water Management Institute, Pelawatta, Sri Lanka, EURAC Research, Institute for Renewable Energy, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy, TIB Hannover German National Library of Science and Technology, Hanover, Germany GRASS GIS

Local authorities are regulated by a huge number of planning documents developed in different periods, with various purposes and different scales. In most cases recent, local plans do not take in to account other plans (transport, environmental, etc.) completely developing opposite objectives. The use of GIS allows a synchronized interpretation of current planning documents (policy, objectives, rules, constraints). Generally Strategic Policy Documents are reports describing a guidance for certain actions without a spatial location. In these documents the geographical description is vague in nature. This property does not allow to assess the impact of these documents on environmental features and plans. A sort of translation of policy statements in geographical elements has been developed. The aim of this paper is on one hand to produce an integration of planning documents, on the other hand to compare planning system with spatialization of policy documents in order to increase the e...

The overpopulation in urban zones suppose an increasing in the contamination factors on these places, which has serious consequences for the environment. These factors are increasingly complicated to monitor. Therefore mobile platform sensors equipped in an electric vehicle is proposed. This platform is able to monitor the crossing areas, avoiding alter the infrastructure to place fixed sensors. The platform has a tracking system, allowing to associate each observation recorded with a position, so you can establish a relationship of these factors with the the acquisition area. Also allows monitoring of larger areas with a small number of devices, since a single platform can travel great distances taking samples in its route The platform also provides extra features to the vehicle driver like GPS, battery indicator, velocity and acceleration of the vehicle. This also gives other application fields, as cold be fleet management. All acquired data, including the position, are transmitte...

Digital Earth (DE) education provides students with geospatial knowledge and skills to locate, measure, and solve geographic problems on Earth's surface. The rapid development of geospatial technology has promoted a new vision of DE to embrace data infrastructure, social networks, citizen science, and human processes on Earth. The high demand for a geospatial workforce also calls for an ever-changing, diverse form of learning experiences. Limited efforts, however, have been made regarding DE education to adapt to this changing landscape, with most interventions falling short of expectations. This chapter gives an overview of current teaching and learning structures with DE technologies. Successes and obstacles for K-12 education are explored first, followed by classroom technologies and experiential learning and outreach exercises such as academic certificates and internships in higher education. Taking the geospatial intelligence model from the U.S. Geospatial Intelligence Foundation (USGIF) as an example, recent advancements in DE education for professional careers are described via its geospatial competencies, hierarchical frameworks, and credentials. In alignment with the principles of DE development, future DE education calls for an integrated learning framework of open data, real-world context, and virtual reality for better preparedness of our students in the geospatial world.

Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) systems are expected to become one of the most ideal renewable energy resources in India which can be implemented in large scale across different states. This paper presents in-depth investigation of various tools available for the assessment of building rooftops. The gaps in these tools have analyzed in detail. The pressing need of developing a new user friendly tool has been substantiated in this paper. The features and parameters which should be included in the new software/tool have been deliberated in detail. Various formulae and the procedure which need to be programmed in the development of new software have also been discussed in detail. The findings presented in this paper are expected to provide a pathway forward for precise building rooftop area calculations leading to efficient space utilization and subsequent environment benefits.

En el presente trabajo se describe un método para determinar las curvas iso radiación en una superficie plana, cubriendo la misma con un papel blanco, y empleando una cámara digital para obtener una imagen de luminancia. Procesando esta imagen y en base a una distribución de las mismas puede obtenerse una imagen de la radiación sobre este plano. El método requiere, para poder ser cuantificado de la determinación de un punto de referencia de radiación. Por otra parte, se requiere calibrar la cámara con diferentes niveles de radiación. Estos son generados artificialmente con diferentes superficies reflectivas sobre un fondo blanco, consiguiéndose así las distintas escalas de grises. La medición de la radiación incidente en este calibrador, se realiza por métodos convencionales. El dispositivo permite medir distribuciones inhomogéneas de radiación en superficies planas como ser el caso de muros, colectores, cocinas, etc; y cualquier otro tipo de superficies planas, donde se pueda ubicar un fondo blanco, que por razones tales como reflexiones, o incidencia de radiaciones de valor desconocido, tengan distribuciones no uniformes de radiación.

en el óptico en alta resolución espacial. Mientras que los productos de imagen a Nivel 1, radiancias geo-referenciadas a nivel de sensor, se encuentran en una fase avanzada de desarrollo existiendo para ello un contrato industrial, los productos de Nivel 2 deben ser desarrollados por los propios usuarios. Este hecho limita el uso de las imágenes a la comunidad científica, restringiendo sus posibles aplicaciones fuera de ésta. Así pues, bajo el marco de un proyecto coordinado y motivados por ofrecer productos de Ingenio/SEOSAT de Nivel 2 a disposición de cualquier usuario, se origina y desarrolla este trabajo. En este artículo se presentan los diferentes procesos desarrollados para la elaboración de productos a Nivel 2, desde reflectividades en superficie a la resolución nominal del sensor hasta imágenes con información espacial realzada y la posibilidad de crear mosaicos espaciales y compuestos temporales. Por una parte, en el caso de los productos de reflectividad en superficie se propone una técnica de corrección atmosférica basada en el uso de la información espacial, previo enmascaramiento de las nubes y una exhaustiva corrección de sombras morfológicas y/o topográficas. Por otra parte, para el realce de la información espacial, han sido evaluados diferentes métodos basados en la fusión de bandas multiespectrales con una banda pancromática así como la aplicación de técnicas llamadas de "Super-resolución". Finalmente, se proporcionan las herramientas necesarias para la realización de mosaicos tanto espaciales como temporales para todo tipo de usuarios interesados en la explotación de las imágenes.

Il "DIZIONARIO D'OGNI MITOLOGIA E ANTICHITA' " alla voce Valentia riporta: "1 VALENTIA, Dea adorata dai primi abitanti dell'Italia. * 2-Nome che la latina gioventù diede alla città edificata dagli Aborigeni sul monte Palatino. All'arrivo di Evandro, in seguito di quello di Enea in Italia, i Greci che li accompagnavano, lasciarono alla città tutto il significato del termine, e la chiamarono Roma, che significa la stessa cosa che Valentia. Robur firmitas, come lo pretende Solino (cap.I): servatasque, significatione impositi prius nominis, Romam graece Valentiam nominatam. Sovra un'iscrizione raccolta da Grutero (II, 12) leggesi: "VALENTIA DEA" [è l'epigrafe CIL4082 di Otricoli] sinonimo di Roma Dea. Valentia era propriamente la Dea della sanità, Valentia sinonimo di Valentina. Essendo stato sostituito il nome di Roma a quello di Valentia, quest'ultimo fu con ogni cura obliato, né si potea senza delitto pronunciarlo." 1

This work describes TerraLib, an open-source GIS software library. The design goal for TerraLib is to support large-scale applications using socioeconomic and environmental data. TerraLib supports coding of geographical applications using spatial databases, and stores data in different DBMS including MySQL and PostgreSQL. Its vector data model is upwards compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards. It handles spatio-temporal data types (events, moving objects, cell spaces, modifiable objects) and allows spatial, temporal and attribute queries on the database. TerraLib supports dynamic modeling in generalized cell spaces, has a direct runtime link with the R programming language for statistical analysis, and handles large image data sets. The library is developed in C++ and has programming interfaces in Java and Visual Basic. Using TerraLib, the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE) developed the TerraView open source GIS, which provides functions for data conversion, display, exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial and nonspatial queries. Another noteworthy application is TerraAmazon, Brazil's national database for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, which manages more than 2 million complex polygons and 60 gigabytes of remote sensing images.

comenzó con la presentació de: a) las características orbitales del satélite Meteosat y de su radiómetro multiespectral y b) los tres tipos básicos de imágenes que suministra, esto, es infrarrojas (infrarrojo térmico), visibles y de vapor de agua (infrarrojo en la banda de absorción del vapor de agua). En segundo lugar, se resumieron: a) los formatos de las imágenes diseminadas, entre los cuales interesa particularmente el llamado D2-el formato de las imágenes infrarrojas que abarca gran parte de Europa y del norte de Africa y los mares circundantes-, y b) su horario de recepción. Para completar el bloque teórico inicial, se describió esquemáticamente el equipo de recepción de imágenes Meteosat de que dispone el Grup de Climatología del departamento citado, que consta de cuatro elementos: antena, receptor, procesador y monitor, a los que, en breve, se añadirá un video procesador. El bloque práctico del cursillo 10 conformó: 1) una descripción comentada de diversos tipos de imágenes Meteosat, expuestos mediante diapositivas: 2) un análisis de imágenes Meteosat seleccionadas, en papel, acompañadas de los correspondientes mapas del tiempo; y 3) la recepción y análisis básico de imágenes actuales captadas por el equipo receptor. El número de participantes en el cursillo-seminario rebasó con creces el máximo anunciado, porque hubo de admitirse, ante la avalancha de solicitudes-que, según la organización, constituye un récord-a un número superior a aquél. Los inscritos mostraron, en todo momento, un gran interés, expidiéndoseles un certificado de su participación. Como reflexión fmal, convendría, para ser consecuentes con ese manifiesto interés, que en el seno de la S.C.G. se preste una mayor atención a un abanico de temas propios de .la Geografía Física y, particularmente, de la Climatología que constituyen, en todo el mundo,líneas de investigación preferente, aparte de su indudable atractivo y del eco popular que despiertan en nuestro país.

En el presente trabajo se describe un método para determinar las curvas iso radiación en una superficie plana, cubriendo la misma con un papel blanco, y empleando una cámara digital para obtener una imagen de luminancia. Procesando esta imagen y en base a una distribución de las mismas puede obtenerse una imagen de la radiación sobre este plano. El método requiere, para poder ser cuantificado de la determinación de un punto de referencia de radiación. Por otra parte, se requiere calibrar la cámara con diferentes niveles de radiación. Estos son generados artificialmente con diferentes superficies reflectivas sobre un fondo blanco, consiguiéndose así las distintas escalas de grises. La medición de la radiación incidente en este calibrador, se realiza por métodos convencionales. El dispositivo permite medir distribuciones inhomogéneas de radiación en superficies planas como ser el caso de muros, colectores, cocinas, etc; y cualquier otro tipo de superficies planas, donde se pueda ubicar un fondo blanco, que por razones tales como reflexiones, o incidencia de radiaciones de valor desconocido, tengan distribuciones no uniformes de radiación.

The recent advances in geo-informatics have been opening new opportunities in earthquake early warning and emergency management issues. In the last years, the geo-scientific community has recognized the added value of a geo-analytic approach in complex decision making processes for critical situations due to disastrous natural events such as earthquakes. In fact, recently, GIS-based solutions are investigated in several research projects such as SIT_MEW Project, aimed at the development of volcanic and seismic early warning systems (EWSs). In this project context, an innovative open source GIS system has been investigated and developed as integrated component of the seismic EWS. Its architecture consists in a geospatial database system, a local GIS application for analyzing and modelling the seismic event and its impacts and supporting post-event emergency management, a WEB-GIS module for sharing the geo-information among the public and private stakeholders and emergency managers involved in disaster impact assessment and response management.

Este trabajo busca profundizar en el análisis de la técnica de pintura rupestre en el centro-oeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz, focalizando en el aprovisionamiento de materia prima para su producción (pigmento). Para ello se incorpora una nueva metodología, con algunos antecedentes en el área, vinculada con el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales. Aquí se busca evaluar la utilidad y potencialidad de la teledetección para la localización remota de áreas con alta concentración de minerales férreos que puedan ser posibles fuentes de aprovisionamiento de materia prima para la elaboración de sustancias colorantes.
Para llevar adelante este análisis, se utilizó como región de referencia la Ea. La Bajada, ubicada en la porción oeste del Macizo Central de Santa Cruz, 60 km en dirección este del Cerro Pampa. Se procesaron imágenes satelitales ópticas de Landsat 7 y 8 (análisis de bandas espectrales) del área, con el propósito de destacar zonas con alta concentración de minerales con óxidos de hierro superficiales y subsuperficiales, como el grupo de los hidróxidos (ej.: Hematita, Goethita). Los resultados alcanzados permitieron distinguir sectores con estas características geológicas, una de las cuales fue prospectada durante trabajos de campo recientes (octubre 2022). De allí se obtuvieron muestras que permitieron confirmar la presencia de sedimentos con una alta composición ferrosa.
A partir de estos resultados, se llevó adelante un análisis de grano grueso a escala meso-regional, que permitió generar un mapeo de estas potenciales fuentes de pigmento. Esta información fue comparada con la distribución de los sitios con evidencias de pinturas rupestres, objetos móviles con sustancias colorantes adheridas y muestras de pigmento en estratigrafía. Las conclusiones alcanzadas en este trabajo representan una primera aproximación al estudio de la disponibilidad local de pigmentos y su relación con la intensidad de uso y producción de pintura.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a tool used for capture, storage, manipulation, query and presentation of spatial data that have applicability in diverse fields. Web GIS has put GIS on Web, that made it available to common public which was earlier used by few elite users. In the present paper, development of Web GIS frameworks has been explained that provide the requisite knowledge for creating Web based GIS applications. Open Source Software (OSS) have been used to develop two Web GIS frameworks. In first Web GIS framework, WAMP server, ALOV, Quantum GIS and MySQL have been used while in second Web GIS framework, Apache Tomcat server, GeoServer, Quantum GIS, PostgreSQL and PostGIS have been used. These two Web GIS frameworks have been critically compared to bring out the suitability of each for a particular application as well as their performance. This will assist users in selecting the most suitable one for a particular Web GIS application.

This exercise uses publicly accessible data from Norway to demonstrate how to use raster and vector data, including points, lines and polygons to create a basic map. Users who are not at the University of Oslo should ignore the parts about using "Silver". Also, general members of the public will need to convert the data from Mjaerum et al. (2022) from a csv file into a shapefile on their own. Of course, you can also track me down, send me an email and I can send you shapefiles if that is a barrier to you to give the exercise a try. Also, please note that the word "flyke" in Norwegian translates to "county" in English. I use them rather interchangeably in this exercise.

El radar: de dónde viene y hacia dónde va e todos es conocida la utilización del radar en el control del tráfico aéreo y el temido control policial de la velocidad en el tráfico rodado. Pero ¿cuándo se inventó el radar, cómo ha evolucionado hasta nuestros días y qué otras aplicaciones tiene?

En la reforma de 2003, la Política Agraria Común (PAC) estableció con arreglo al artículo 93 (Regl. (UE) Nº 1306/2013) una serie de normas de condicionalidad entre las que se encuentran las Buenas Condiciones Agrarias y Medioambientales (BCAM). En concreto, para este trabajo se atienden a aquellas que tiene especial relación con el suelo y la reserva de carbono (BCAM 4, 5 Y 6). La aplicación prolongada de determinados sistemas de manejo del suelo en la mayoría de las explotaciones de olivar ha dado lugar a fuertes procesos erosivos que están contribuyendo al progresivo agotamiento del suelo. Esto es especialmente significativo en los entornos de clima mediterráneo áridos o semiáridos. Tal es el caso en el área de estudio, dónde trabajos previos han demostrado la relación inversamente proporcional entre el mantenimiento de las cubiertas vegetales arvenses y el grado de erosión del suelo. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la aplicabilidad de las imágenes de alta resolución obtenidas por VANT (vehículo aéreo no tripulado) para detectar el cubrimiento del suelo por cubiertas vegetales arvenses en estas zonas a escala de parcela. Con esta finalidad se ha utilizado un procedimiento de categorización de las imágenes basado métodos de clasificación digital. Se espera que los resultados permitan verificar la capacidad de las imágenes suministradas por estos dispositivos para la detección del cubrimiento del suelo en dichas zonas con procesos de clasificación de la imagen y, con ello, verificar que se puedan realizar propuestas metodológicas válidas en base a ellas.