New Urbanism

Hem eleştirel bir söylem hem de kuramsal bir paradigma olarak posthümanizm, Kartezyen düalizmin ve modern Aydınlanma düşüncesinin inşa ettiği ideal, eril insan öznesini yapısöküme uğratır. Feminist eleştirinin açtığı yoldan ilerleyen posthümanist düşünce, liberal hümanizmin dayandığı doğa/kültür, insan/hayvan, özne/nesne, bios/zoe ve akıl/beden gibi ikiliklerin hiper-ayrımını sorgular ve her sistemin merkezinde kendini gören liberal hümanizmin eril öznesini yeniden kurgular. Posthümanist düşüncede özne ile nesne, insan ile hayvan arasındaki ontik ve sembolik bağlantılar onto-epistemolojik bir düzlemde ele alınır. Bu bağlamda feminist ve posthümanist tartışmalardan yararlanan bu çalışmanın amacı, Descartes'ın Kartezyen öznesini ve Kant'ın transandantal öznesini reddederek öznenin ekolojik, jeolojik, teknolojik ve yaşamsal bağlantılarda ilişkisel bir varoluşu olduğunu savunmaktır. Dolayısıyla bu yazı, öznenin hem insan hem de insan-olmayan varlıklarla bedenlenmiş, iliştirilmiş ve dolanık olduğu bir posthüman öznellik anlayışını ileri sürer. İnsan ve insan-olmayan öznelerin dolanık bedenleri eril, türcü ve insanmerkezci öznenin ötesinde insan ile insan-olmayanlar (hayvanlar, nesneler, teknolojiler, ekolojiler, bitkiler) arasındaki ontik akrabalıkların kurduğu Jean-Luc Nancy'e atıfla "çokluk ontolojisini" gösterir. Farklılıklara ve başkalığa dayalı çokluk ontolojisinde insan tözsel olarak daima insan-olmayanlara bağlı ve bağımlıdır; "zoe/jeo/tekno" öbekleşmesinin ilişkisel bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle posthümanizmin bir değerlendirmesiyle başlayıp daha sonra posthümanizmin post-antroposantrik ve post-düalist yanlarına odaklanır, böylelikle de öznelliğin yeniden formülasyonunu ele alır.

The convent of San Bernardino in Cuenca de Campos, Valladolid, is a medieval building that has been suffering a process of deterioration since the beginning of the 20th century. The great economic difficulties of the congregation led them to sell the Mudejar coffered church ceiling in the 1920s. Today, the polychrome ceiling of the convent church is in the palace of the famous millionaire William Randolph Hearst, in California, along with many other treasures of Spanish art and architecture. The exclaustration of the nuns in 1967 and the sale of the convent to some farmers in the town accelerated its deterioration. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the building has been seriously threatened by ruin. In view of its deterioration and to guarantee its conservation, the ‘Rehabitar Tierra de Campos’ Foundation was created in 2018. This Foundation purchased part of the convent, with the support of numerous people concerned about the decline of many of the most unique heritage elements of the region, such as the traditional architecture. The purpose of the Foundation is to warn of the deterioration of the convent building and the architectural heritage throughout the region, while making its value known and placing emphasis on the risk of losing it. On the other hand, the aim is to find economic and social support for the building of the old monastery. The great difficulty for the Foundation is to obtain the necessary funds to stop the material deterioration of the building, as the region is subject to a great economic and population crisis: Cuenca de Campos is located in the center of the so-called ‘España vaciada’ (emptied Spain). At the same time, it is necessary to create a use for the old convent that allows it to continue, through a productive activity that guarantees its solvency and sustainability: the ‘Tierra de Campos Architecture Rehabilitation Center’.

A 21. század első két évtizede radikálisan átalakította a városokat és tágabb térségeiket. A globalizáció és a digitalizáció, a dzsentrifikáció és a városi szétterülés, a turizmus tömegesedése és az információs gazdaság, a klímaváltozás és az energiaválság, valamint a tartós lakhatási krízis olyan összefonódó folyamatok, amelyek új megvilágításba helyezik a múlt urbanizációs tapasztalatait, és átírják a városi mindennapok logikáját. A metropolisztérségek növekvő összekapcsoltsága, a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek térbeli újrarendeződése és a kormányzás sokszereplős formái mind ezen átalakulás jelzői.
Ez a tankönyv azzal a céllal született, hogy a legújabb nemzetközi és hazai megközelítéseket közérthető, mégis kutatásalapú formában hozza be az egyetemi térbe. A friss jelenségekre reflektálva – Kelet-Közép- Európa sajátosságaira is figyelve – keretet ad a városi társadalom, a városfejlődés és a városkormányzás mélyebb megértéséhez. A fejezetek elméleti bevezetői empirikus adatokkal, összehasonlító esettanulmányokkal és kritikai fogalmi apparátussal párosulnak; a vitakérdések és feladatok a passzív befogadás helyett önálló elemzésre és állásfoglalásra ösztönöznek.
A kötetet ajánljuk mindazoknak, akik az urbanizáció kérdései iránt érdeklődnek, és szeretnék elmélyíteni ismereteiket a 21. századi város működéséről: mesterképzésben tanuló hallgatóknak és témavezetőiknek és a városi terek iránt elkötelezett olvasóknak. A hangsúly az összefüggések megértésén van: hogyan kapcsolódik a lakáspolitika a társadalmi integrációhoz, a közlekedés az igazságossághoz, a közterek minősége a mindennapi biztonsághoz.
A szerzők több mint két évtizedes oktatási és kutatói tapasztalatukra támaszkodva válogatták össze azt a tematikát és módszertani eszköztárat, amely szerintük a leginkább segíti a hallgatói megértést: világos fogalomhasználat, sokléptékű – helyi–metropolisz–globális – elemzés, a történeti kontinuitások felismerése és a jelen dilemmáinak tárgyilagos bemutatása. A könyv nem kész válaszokat ígér, hanem megbízható térképet ad egy változó terepen – hogy az olvasó képes legyen saját útvonalát megtervezni a város értelmezésében és alakításában.

El trabajo plantea la exploración de alternativas de organización de la estructura de un hábitat sostenible, que favorezca la integración social, urbana y arquitectónica, en áreas conflictivas y degradadas de la ciudad de La Plata, asegurando condiciones de habitabilidad y eficiencia en orden con la inquietud de avanzar y potenciar la construcción integral de la ciudad en el tiempo y no como un conflicto a resolver parcialmente. Clarificación conceptual y experimentación proyectual en el área definida por el cauce del arroyo Maldonado, área enquistada en los bordes de La Plata, que conserva datos de la cuadrícula extendida desde el casco fundacional de la ciudad. Una propuesta sustentable ambientalmente y sostenible en el tiempo, en condiciones de calidad de vida contemporánea que asuma las circunstancias particulares del sitio y sus posibilidades, identificando consignas específicas del tema. Responde a la necesidad de compatibilizar vivienda, trabajo y medioambiente, el ajuste de ...

Questo breve testo, contiene una riflessione sul significato della forma urbana, per poi concludere con una domanda a Franco Purini. Il significato della forma urbana ha importanza? Naturalmente sì, io credo, e questo significato agisce a diverse scale. Ma sembra che la tradizione moderna dell’architettura, soprattutto quella nordica, abbia messo in secondo piano il tema del significato in architettura e ancor di più nel progetto degli spazi urbani.

O presente trabalho apresenta um exercício de leitura crítica do território, tomando como objeto a Macrorregião do São Gonçalo, na cidade de Pelotas. O texto tem como objetivo analisar o processo de produção do espaço urbano desse contexto, explorando os conflitos em torno de sua formação e ocupação, destacando as disputas recentes em torno do território do Passo dos Negros. A pesquisa que originou este artigo adota como procedimentos metodológicos fundamentais a revisão bibliográfica, a análise documental, etnografia e a cartografia. O texto consolida uma série de reflexões sobre a produção do espaço habitado em Pelotas, a caracterização do território da Macrorregião do São Gonçalo e uma Cartografia em Processo da Ocupação do Corredor das Tropas - Passo dos Negros, subsidiando o desenvolvimento do Plano Popular para a Ocupação do Corredor das Tropas - Passo dos Negros.

The proper site of children’s civic formation is hotly contested in political theory. Theorists debate whether the proper locus of such formation ought to be primarily public or private. To address this question, I set aside the current terms of debate and consider the locus of civic formation rather more literally and physically, specifically by turning to the built environment. Drawing from works in political theory, psychology, sociology, and urban planning, I sketch an ecumenical vision of the built environment, arguing that partisans in children’s citizenship debates both ought to support an anti-sprawl, mixed-use built environment that physically intermeshes the public and private spheres. This ecumenical vision, perhaps ironically, challenges a dominant assumption that the suburbs—specifically in their common, single-use-zoned form—are the most suitable environment for children.

A dolgozat fókusza a városi környezeten, városzerkezeten van, mivel az ún. köztes- vagy üres terek jellege és jelenléte a modern és kortárs lakótelep-problémát alapvetően meghatározó tényező. Ez a problémakör nem más, mint a hagyományos, geometriai és térszerkezeti értelemben vett utca eltűnése - vagyis tudatos kitervezése a városszerkezetből. Az értekezés a lakók és arra-járók épített környezettel kialakult viszonyát, az architektúra egyénre és csoportra gyakorolt hatását vizsgálja.
A dolgozat nagy figyelmet fordít a lakótelep úgynevezett köztes tereinek vizsgálatára, a nyilvános és fél-privát terek használatának vizsgálatára.


Ezután a dolgozat taglalja a digitalizáció köztér használatra gyakorolt hatását, tehát a XXI. sz-i urbanisztika új problémáit. Arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen módon lehet jól működő a nyilvános közterek kialakítása a digitalizáció korszakában. Nem tárgya tehát a lakótelepek teljes, az épített környezettől független szociológiája.
A problémák ismertetése és feltárása után górcső alá kerülnek a XX. sz-ig és kortárs revitalizációs próbálkozások és stratégiák.
Konklúzióként megállapítható mely stratégiák működnek, illetve a fentiekből következnek új megoldási javaslatok. Ezt demonstrálandó a mestermunkához választott tervezési helyszín, a Kelenföldi Lakótelep részletes elemzés alá kerül.

In recent years, the concept of New Urbanism has gained significant attention as a means of addressing the challenges of urban development and mobility. There has been a growing interest in understanding how new urbanism principles impact mobility patterns and behaviours. The New Urbanism, initially conceived as an antisprawl reform movement, New Urbanism is an urban planning and design approach that emphasizes walkability, mixed land uses, and connectivity. In new urbanism, there is a strong emphasis on promoting alternative modes of transportation to reduce car dependency and create more sustainable and liveable communities. These abstract aims to explore the relationship between new urbanism and mobility, focusing on the various factors that influence transportation. This paper aims to explore the key principles of New Urbanism that enhance mobility and examine the ways in which it promotes the use of alternative modes of transportation. Through this research, we hope to provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges of New Urbanism as a means of improving mobility in urban areas. Some common modes of transportation in new urbanist developments include walking, cycling, and public transit by examining the role of street design, infrastructure, and transportation demand management strategies. This not only helps to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution but also promotes a healthier and more active lifestyle. The goal is to encourage alternative transportation options. This research seeks to provide insights into creating more sustainable and accessible urban environments. This research will contribute to the ongoing dialogue on how to design cities that prioritize mobility, promote alternative transportation options, and reduce car dependency.

Bu çalışmada, zemin üzerinde iz bırakmayan bir lastik karışımının bileşimi, işlevselliği ve potansiyel uygulama alanları kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmektedir. Hazırlanan reçete tasarımında, geleneksel karbon siyahı yerine silika, kaolin ve titanyum dioksit gibi açık renkli dolgu maddeleri kullanılarak iz bırakmayan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Doğal kauçuk (NR) ile stiren-bütadien kauçuğunun (SBR) birleşimi, yüksek mekanik dayanım ve elastikiyet sağlarken, silikanın uyumunu artırmak için özel bileşime sahip bağlanma ajanları ve dispersiyon geliştiricileri olarak kimyasal waxlar tercih edilmiştir.

Bu formulasyon, özellikle hastane gibi kapalı alanlarda estetik kaygılar (temiz ve iz bırakmayan yüzeyler) ve sağlık endişelerini (toz salınımı yapmayan) göz önünde bulundurarak geliştirilmiştir. Kullanılan antioksidanlar ve renk sabitleyiciler sayesinde ürünün ömrü uzatılmış, görsel ve fonksiyonel dayanıklılığı artırılmıştır. Bu yönleriyle, formül yalnızca teknik açıdan yüksek performans sunmakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda kullanıcı güvenliği ve çevresel uyumluluk açısından da önemli standartlar sağlamaktadır.

Fizikomekanik testler sonucunda elde edilen 170 kg/cm² kopma dayanımı, %650 uzama oranı ve orta seviyede ölçülen sertlik değeri, elastomerin esnek, dayanıklı ve iç mekân uygulamaları için uygun bir yapıda olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bileşiğin, özellikle iz bırakmama, görsel bütünlük, kullanıcı güvenliği ve çevresel etki bakımından yüksek standartlara sahip olması, kapalı alanlardaki taşıma ve mobilite sistemlerinde kullanım için önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır.

Innovation, consumption, and trend-setting are probably not the first three terms that come to mind when one thinks of Columbus, Ohio. However, it is just these three words that most aptly describe its revolutionary new landscape -Easton Town Center. That there is something new here is reflected in the fact that observers are struggling to come up with a new name for Easton and what it represents. Easton is being hailed as "a Disney Land for shoppers" (Moss 2001), Columbus' "most lucrative crop yet" (Mander 2001), a "21 st Century Village" (Blackford 1995), a "new urban retail project" (Steiner website), a "neo-village mall" (Underhill 2004), and "a small town paradise" (Reynolds interview). There are a lot of "new" ideas being turned into realities at Easton that have the potential to revolutionize the way we shop, eat, are at leisure, and live. In fact, our conceptions of shopping malls, communities, urban design, and space are being called into question by Easton. Easton Town Center is a 7 million square-foot entertainment, retail, residential and workplace destination located 5 minutes from the Port Columbus airport and 10 minutes from downtown Columbus at I-270 and Easton Way in the northeast quadrant of the city. It was constructed at a cost of over $300 million (to date). The Center is primarily owned and operated by Steiner + Associates, The Georgetown Company, The Limited Brands (formerly known as The Limited, Inc.)., and California governor Arnold Schwarzennegger. Two of these investors, Steiner + Associates and Limited Brands are also based in Columbus. Although the developed area of Easton will eventually be over 12 million square feet of office, hotel, residential, and retail space, the main focus of the town, the package. This deal includes overnight accommodations at the on-site Hilton, full breakfast for two, free parking, a "special gift package" from Easton merchants, an Easton Town Center guide, and a coupon booklet, all for the cost of $169 (Easton Website -Experience Easton). These incentives seem to be working -it is estimated that 13% of those visiting Easton are from outside its trade area 3 (ICSC Brochure). Shoppers from all over Ohio, the Midwest, and beyond are moving Easton up on their list of travel destinations. One visitor remarked, "It takes us an hour to get here each way but its better than shopping around home." Another group of five women who were former roommates at OSU take an annual shopping trip somewhere. Even though they now live all over the country, they chose Easton as their destination in 2001. That puts Easton in such company as San Francisco which was their choice in 2000 and Disney World which was their choice for 2002 . Drawing over 30 million visitors a year, which is roughly 2 ½ times the population of the entire state of Ohio and nearly 40 times the population of the city of Columbus itself, Easton is clearly bringing in people from somewhere. A Buckeye State Poll conducted in January of 2002 revealed that Easton was the second most popular place for locals to take their out-of-town guests when they visited. It trailed the Columbus Zoo, reputed to be one of the best in the country, by only 4% (Easton Website -Experience Easton). It seems only a matter of time before Easton will become Columbus's and then Ohio's biggest tourist attraction (if it isn't already). In addition to drawing outside dollars, Easton is also motivating many who already live in Columbus to stay in Columbus to spend their money.

El diseño de los espacios públicos infantiles ha sido abordado desde una perspectiva funcionalista, sin considerar plenamente las necesidades sensoriales, cognitivas y sociales de la infancia. Este estudio explora cómo una educación del diseño basada en la práctica redefine la arquitectura infantil, integrando metodologías participativas y enfoques pedagógicos que permitan crear entornos urbanos inclusivos y estimulantes. La investigación adopta un enfoque cualitativo mediante estudio de casos en diferentes espacios públicos diseñados para la infancia en contextos urbanos. Se aplicaron técnicas de observación etnográfica, entrevistas con expertos en arquitectura y educación, y talleres participativos con infantes para analizar su interacción con el entorno construido. Los resultados revelan que los niños perciben y
experimentan los espacios de manera distinta a los adultos, priorizando elementos de exploración, autonomía y juego creativo sobre la funcionalidad estática impuesta por los diseñadores. Asimismo, se identificó que los proyectos desarrollados con metodologías basadas en la práctica y la experimentación generan espacios más dinámicos, accesibles y alineados con las necesidades reales de los usuarios infantiles. Este estudio contribuye al campo de la arquitectura infantil y la educación en diseño demostrando la importancia de incluir infantes en los procesos de planificación urbana y fomentar un enfoque pedagógico basado en la práctica. Los espacios públicos desde esta perspectiva enriquecen el desarrollo infantil e impulsa la creación de ciudades más inclusivas y sostenibles.

This article attempts to study the impact of spatial intelligibility and the visual perception of the user on his habitat and focuses on how the inhabited space is experienced, practiced, and appropriated by its inhabitants through the study of concepts affecting the habitability and use of outdoor spaces in the residential environment based on the space syntax approach. The aim is to measure the degree of visibility, spatial and visual accessibility, connectivity, and integration between one space and another. Once the diagnosis is made, it becomes possible to intervene to improve the visual characteristics of the urban fabric and landscape, towards a better fabric of the city. The results show that the living practices and the ways that the inhabitants appropriate and use the space are intimately linked to the use of visibility by the inhabitants according to the integration of the space in question, its intelligibility, permeability, and its accessibility. Ultimately, the visual ...

Sustainable urbanism is a global issue with a plethora of publications both theoretical and practical. This has been spurred by the encroachment on green open space in the form of development and by extension sprawl. This is now seen as the main cause of risk of chronic diseases in cities, since city dwellers spend much of their time outdoors. Loss of use of green open space has been found to be directly related to residents' behavior and socio-economic situations. Increased contact with nature, can also increase a sense of community, and can also help to reduce socio-economic inequalities. Since green open spaces are mostly not fully utilized as resources, this paper explores the practical form of encroachment on green open space with adjoining negative consequences on sustainable management in Akure. It, therefore, assesses the rate and extent of urban sprawl using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, while assessing its health with socio-economic implication on the people. The paper concludes with suggestions on sustainable urbanism to help in governance in the use of green open space as a resource for promoting a healthy environment.

It is evident that the complex and ambiguous, but undeniable, phenomenon that has received the name of Modern Architecture, or the even vaguer Modern Movement, for better or for worse has marked the professional activities of architects throughout the century that is coming to an end. Possibly one of the most productive contributions has been the identification between Architecture and Town Planning, an identification that has lead to the integration of town planning into the practice of architecture and the appearance of a complex twoway process that has alternatively denied the profiles of each of the two disciplines. It is well known that in Mediterranean countries this identification has been very different from Anglo Saxon environments. Mediterranean architecture does not appear to have given up its own identity, in spite of its concern for defining each of the disciplines and clarifying their mutual relationship; the Plan-Project debate that has dominated Italian architecture since the mid-sixties is a good example of this concern. In the meanwhile, in Great Britain, the United States and other culturally related countries, the relation between one discipline and the other has been pragmatically solved by the definition of urban design as a discipline that is defined by its scale and positioned in between architecture and planning. Using this instrument, and in a relatively pacific manner, architects and town planners, or what is the same thing, the RIBA and the RTPI, distributed their fields of influence, marking an area of common ground. [1] This, through the development of a discipline that began at the start of the 20 th Century, and was basically completed by the end of the thirties, two traditions that have undeniable points of connection and even contamination, are defined. To the first identification related to cultural background, we now add the terms used by one tradition and the other to refer to the discipline: urbanistica [2] and planning. Both have concrete operating principles, and their specific characteristics are particularly clear in the way that they establish dialogue with Architecture [3]. This brief synthesis, necessarily simple, is the background for the issue that I wish to consider here. It concerns identifying the exact way in which the Academy, which at the start of the Century appeared to have given up the idea of modelling cities, provided the conceptual and formal instruments that permitted the programmatic defence of Architecture's capacity to solve the great problems that faced our cities in the first half of the 20 th Century. This process can be seen with even more clarity if we compare it with what happened in America, where the architects who showed that they were willing to contribute their knowledge and sensitivity to create a new discipline, Civic Art, were ignored by a new class of professionals who claimed full responsibility for planning themselves. In the first place, we can briefly summarise what happened in this field in the first thirty years of the 20 th Century, in chronological order, and then clarify the way in which the different attitudes were defined and presented. As we have already mentioned, they were two processes that, from an architectural point of view, were relatively independent, and each of them is based on a specific programme.

Formed the company First Garden City Ltd, to participate in a competition helded to find a town design which could translate Howard's ideas into reality. Purchased land outside Hitchin for built Letchworth, in this plan they developed the concept of the self-contained neighborhood unit and included the first "Green Belt"-an area devoted to agriculture surrounding the town was included in the plan.

1950-80 yılları arasında artan kentsel nüfus oranı konut sorununun büyük tetikleyicilerinden biri oldu. Bu dönemde konut sorununu toplumsal bir sorun olarak ele alan ve bu doğrultuda kooperatif modeliyle üretim sağlayan sınırlı sayıda örnek bulunuyor. Dar gelirliler için adil ve demokratik bir konut üretim modeli olma potansiyeli taşıyan konut kooperatiflerinin aynı zamanda Türkiye’deki ilk katılımcı tasarım deneyimleri olan İzmit Yeni Yerleşmeleri ile Edirne Cumhuriyet Mahallesi projelerinin katılımcı planlama ve tasarım deneyimleri kısaca aktarılıyor.

In 2012, a remarkable collaboration between academia and industry introduced a method to measure and evaluate the sustainability of infrastructure; the myriad systems – both hidden and visible – that make cities hum. Developed jointly by Harvard University’s Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure and the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI), the Envision Rating System provides, like LEED for buildings, a tool to systematically quantify and optimize the footprints of the systems we place upon this planet.

The Zofnass Program recognizes that the realm of planning, which precedes the realm of design, is where the deepest choices are made that realize a sustainable urban future. In 2015, Zofnass will unveil a comprehensive strategic planning manual covering seven interrelated infrastructure categories: Energy, Water, Food, Waste, Transportation, Landscape, and Information. In each category, guidelines are grouped by five areas of fundamental concern: Leadership, Quality of Life, Natural World, Resource Allocation, and Climate and Risk.

The topic of this paper is the exploration of the Sustainable Infrastructure Planning Guidelines and their contribution to creating livable cities. The paper looks closest at the category, Transportation, drawing on one author’s particular expertise and participation as an industry contributor to this section of the tool, and the other author’s key leadership and research roles in the Zofnass Program.

Post-publication update:  In 2016, the Sustainable Infrastructure Planning Guidelines, the topic of this paper, were formalized by the Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure as a book, "Planning Sustainable Cities, An infrastructure-based approach". A publication link is provided under Resources (see Page 13). In 2022, the Zofnass program moved from Harvard Graduate School of Design to its industry partner, the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI) where its work continues as the Zofnass Research Program.

The European City as a model1 for urban development seems to be more attractive than ever: Municipalities and private developers not only in Europe but also in Asia and Latin America are trying to implement urban strategies, masterplans and project developments under the label of the «European City». Despite its widely spread distribution the model remains vague and different disciplines like sociology, political sciences and urban planning have their own understanding of it. Therefore this article’s objective is to analyze the different concepts and reveal the complexity, the dimensions, contradictions and the potential of the European City Model and especially to show the problems which appear if the model is applied in a changing urban environment. This can be characterized by social heterogeneity, a new role of urban politics and the diversification of spatial development patterns. The methodology consists of the analysis of approaches from different disciplines towards the mode...

Les épisodes caniculaires deviennent plus fréquents, plus longs et plus chauds avec le changement climatique. La concentration de chaleur est particulièrement importante dans les villes et les agglomérations, car les nombreuses surfaces imperméables absorbent le rayonnement solaire et réchauffent l’environnement. La planification urbaine peut réduire cet effet dit d’îlot de chaleur en aménageant l’espace extérieur en fonction du changement climatique. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de prévoir des espaces ouverts avec des aires de verdure, des places ombragées et librement accessibles ou des éléments d’eau rafraîchissants, tout en garantissant l’apport et la circulation de l’air frais des zones rurales périphériques. Le présent rapport réunit de nombreux exemples qui révèlent comment atténuer l’effet d’îlot de chaleur

La compréhension de l’influence du microclimat urbain sur le ressenti réel des piétons est complexe et nécessite des moyens d’investigation en cohérence avec l’échelle de travail, avec les questions posées et avec des situations urbaines réelles (matérialité, végétation, morphologie, etc.). Cette connaissance, encore incomplète, est pourtant le préalable à tout projet urbanistique qui vise à améliorer le bien-être des citadins en lien avec le réchauffement des villes. hepia a développé un instrument - le climatmètre – qui permet de mesurer de façon objective et détaillée, la scène climatique ressentie par un sujet lors de déplacements à pied dans les villes. Cette approche, par la mesure de situations réelles, ne nécessite pas d’établir et valider des hypothèses de calcul ; elle permet de concentrer l’effort sur l’interprétation des données et la description des vrais phénomènes en jeu.The understanding of the influence of the urban microclimate on the real perception of pedestrians...

Office fédéral de l'environnement (OFEV) L'OFEV est un office du Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et de la communication (DETEC). L'élaboration du rapport a été accompagnée par l'Office fédéral du développement territorial (ARE) et soutenue financièrement par le canton de Bâle-Ville et la ville de Zurich.

By 2050, the United Nations predicts that 65% to 70% of the population will live in urban areas. By then, the world population is projected to be
approximately 9.8 billion people, a 33% increase from 8 billion in 2023.
However, most of the population growth will come from developing countries such as Africa and South Asia, while the populations of many
developed countries are expected to decline. This study aims to identify the effects of population density in cities in developed and developing
countries and the need to design cities to be sustainable based on past, present, and future cities' data. Furthermore, large-scale new future
cities are introduced as "solutions" to address the challenges facing present-day cities. The objective is to establish a set of guidelines to be
considered whenever new cities or their conurbations are being designed.

Green Transit Oriented Developments (TODs) shrink environmental footprints by reducing Vehicle Kilometers Traveled (VKT) and incorporating green urbanism and architecture in community designs. Synergies from combining TOD and green urbanism derive from: increased densities, which promote transit usage and conserve heating/cooling expenses; mixed land uses which promote non-motorized transportation and limited-range electric vehicles; reduced impervious parking services matched by increased open space and community gardens; and, opportunities for generating solar power from photovoltaics atop rail-stop canopies. The carbon footprints of Green TODs can be 35% less than those of conventional developments. Experiences with Green TODs are reviewed for urban regeneration projects in Sweden, Germany, and Australia. The paper concludes with ideas on moving Green TODs from theory to practice.

Green Transit Oriented Developments (TODs) shrink environmental footprints by reducing Vehicle Kilometers Traveled (VKT) and incorporating green urbanism and architecture in community designs. Synergies from combining TOD and green urbanism derive from: increased densities, which promote transit usage and conserve heating/cooling expenses; mixed land uses which promote non-motorized transportation and limited-range electric vehicles; reduced impervious parking services matched by increased open space and community gardens; and, opportunities for generating solar power from photovoltaics atop rail-stop canopies. The carbon footprints of Green TODs can be 35% less than those of conventional developments. Experiences with Green TODs are reviewed for urban regeneration projects in Sweden, Germany, and Australia. The paper concludes with ideas on moving Green TODs from theory to practice.

Converting urban passages in old contexts to pedestrians is one of the methods of preserving and presenting the history and identity of Iranian cities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the quality of social and recreational interactions of the citizens، as well as to investigate the variables of service (economic) functions as well as the visual attractions of Tabriz's Tarbiat pedestrian walkway. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Tabriz city. 400 questionnaires were distributed among the population and 192 obtained answers were tested. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its overall reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 software. The results of the research hypotheses test showed that Tabriz's Tarbiat Pedestrian has increased the quality of social interactions among citizens.

The following two articles were presented at an academic seminar that was part of a larger conference held in Toronto to honor and debate the ideas of Jane Jacobs in the fall of 1997. The conference was called "Ideas That Matter" and the University of Toronto sponsored an academic discussion centering on the urban economic, political and design aspects of Jacobs' work. Participants in both the seminar and the larger conference were exposed to a variety of important insights with which Canadian urbanists have been familiar for a number of years. In particular, urban thinkers in Canada have come to appreciate Jacobs' ideas about how cities function, both in the past and in the present, and how cities can become better places to both live and work. She has argued, for example, that one of the most exciting and inspiring qualities of cities is that "they outlast everything except the carbon that inhabits them-and that facilitating their continued evolution socially, economically and politically is a perpetual task, inherently both necessary and creative" (Jacobs & Rowe, 2000, p. 2). Canadian planners and urbanists have adopted and implemented this insight across a wide variety of Canadian cities. While there have been many disagreements about how to facilitate the creativity and growth of cities in Canada, between and among planners, economists, geographers, business people and politicians, it is apparent that urban dwellers in Canada share Jacobs' vision of cities as centers of human life and interaction. Jacobs (1961) is most famous for the ideas that she brought to the fore in her most popular work, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, where she wove together people, their activities, and their places into a dynamic fabric that translated into a form of ecological order. Her lucid presentation of standard human ecology remains very helpful to anyone interested in thinking about and working with the urban environment. Her dissection of the intricate relationships among pedestrians, local businesses, sidewalks, parks and other parts of a typical urban streetscape gave nonprofessionals a lucid and unforgettable description of the microeconomics of the city street. At the same time, for planners and urbanists, it articulated just what it was about cities that was so exciting and worth preserving and enhancing. In Canada, and in Toronto in particular, Jacobs' ideas have been adopted by many of the same people, such as planners and big government, whom she chastens in her books. Canada

libro Contested Identities in Costa Rica: Constructions of the Tico in Literature and Film (Identidades impugnadas en Costa Rica: Construcciones del tico en la literatura y los films) se extiende a lo largo de un amplio corpus. Sus descripciones, análisis y reflexiones dan cuenta de una idea familiar entre los intelectuales del país: las formas de construir pertenencia simbólica difícilmente llegan a consensos, están necesariamente atravesadas por instituciones y procesos normativos que avanzan al lado de fisuras y negociaciones y, específicamente en Costa Rica, exhiben una tendencia dividida geográficamente. Es decir, en el país los discursos institucionales y mediáticos de identidad y normatividad han sido mucho más exitosos en el Valle Central que en los espacios entre cordilleras y costas. Las geografías operan a través de fuerzas políticas (Sassen) y los bastiones de esas corrientes. De esa manera, aún los espacios que coinciden o se traslapan físicamente pueden construir imaginarios de pertenencia radicalmente distintos de acuerdo con las fuerzas militares, políticas, sociológicas o culturales (de lengua, de religión) que en el espacio físico operan. Sin embargo, en el caso de Centroamérica en general y de Costa Rica en particular, los imaginarios coloniales eurocéntricos funcionaron desde el Pacífico dejando los espacios después de las montañas como un no-lugar, mucho menos receptivos de las narrativas arrojadas por los imaginarios hegemónicos. El compás de este libro inicia con una idea bastante cristalizada en la tesis doctoral de la Dra. Harvey National Identity Formation in Costa Rican Literary and Film Cultures, 1970 2015: Constructions and Challenges, es decir, existe un marco imaginario desde el cual la identidad hegemónica costarricense opera, a este marco Harvey lo nombra como tico y, a continuación argumenta, viene a encuadrar los bordes de género, sexualidad, etnicidad y subalternidad que desde el Valle Central costarricense se construyen

En esta investigación se presenta una propuesta de medidas y acciones de adaptación a los efectos de la isla del calor en la salud de la población de la parte alta de la subcuenca de San Juan de Dios.
Se abordan los conceptos de la adaptación a partir de un enfoque de los sistemas socioambientales donde intervienen factores físicos, ambientales, sociales, culturales y políticos, entendiendo que estos sistemas tienen procesos únicos, dinámicos y no lineales. Hacen hincapié desde una perspectiva en la que se integran los ecosistemas con la sociedad humana.
El tipo de estudio es prospectivo y con enfoque mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo).
En este sentido, la triangulación (corroboración) obtiene una convergencia, confirmación y/o correspondencia o no, de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos; entre la percepción social de la población a dichos efectos y los resultados obtenidos del comportamiento de la isla de calor en la salud de la población de la parte alta de la subcuenca de San Juan de Dios del periodo de 1996 al 2016.
El análisis del medio físico contempla variables climáticas, usos de suelo, estadísticas de población, morbilidad, cobertura vegetal y la construcción de las islas de calor para la zona de estudio.
Se elaboraron mapas la isla de calor con software de Sistemas de Información Geográfica ArcGIS 10.3. En la elaboración y análisis de entrevistas de percepción semiestructuradas para la población de la parte alta de la subcuenca de San Juan de Dios se tomaron en cuenta: área de residencia, condiciones socioeconómicas, problemas de salud y adaptación a la variabilidad del clima. Las prospectivas de acciones de adaptación a los efectos de la isla del calor en la salud de la población se proponen a partir de la información y resultados obtenidos en la investigación.

This research uses a form-based code (FBC) to affect the townscape through its procedures and components. Impacts of the FBC’s features on the townscape are classified into three categories the effect on urban spaces, buildings, and landscape architecture. This research explores the components of the categories and makes reference to those components within the 6th of October City, Egypt, from 2020 to 2021. Urban spaces are included, regulating plan, and public realm standards were investigated in the central axis and the inner streets. Buildings were also explored; block and lot and building type standards have been inspected at Al-Hossary Square and the 7th District, while survey field observations investigated the frontage type and architectural standards. In addition, landscape architecture components of the FBC were explored through fieldwork observed throughout the city. This research employs an inductive approach of the literature base, a comparative analytical approach to co...

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Lograr desarrollo, sostenibilidad e inclusión socioespacial en la planificación y ejecución de las instalaciones edilicias, infraestructuras, servicios ambientales y de prevención de riesgo y toda otra correspondiente a las necesidades de la comunidad universitaria y los vecinos del sector:
El PLAN DIRECTOR URBANO AMBIENTAL, como todo dispositivo de gestión de obra de escala urbana debe encuadrarse en el marco del ODS 11 establecido por la agenda BID 2016 y ser aprobado por el organismo provincial correspondiente.
El PLAN DIRECTOR debe sostenerse desde un plan de infraestructuras de servicios, por lo que el PLAN se constituye en cuerpo vinculante desde lo administrativo y legal de referencia para las acciones de infraestructura a realizar en el futuro.
El PLAN DIRECTOR, para su funcionamiento como dispositivo eficaz debe basarse en la aplicación de un manual de normas para el desarrollo y la definición de un tablero de comandos para la gestión de las acciones del plan controlado por un dispositivo de seguimiento participativo y ciclo de evaluación continua

Lograr desarrollo y sostenibilidad para la comunidad universitaria y los vecinos del sector a partir del plan

This chapter explores the concept of participatory governance in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on Bristol as a case study. It examines how citizen engagement enhances transparency, accountability, and trust in governance, emphasizing the role of participatory mechanisms such as the Bristol Quality of Life (BQoL) Surveys in shaping policy decisions. Using theoretical frameworks like Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation and Fung’s Democracy Cube, the study evaluates the effectiveness of participatory governance in fostering inclusive decision-making. While Bristol’s approach demonstrates strengths in policy responsiveness and public engagement, challenges such as digital exclusion, socio-economic disparities, and resource constraints persist. A comparative analysis with national governance trends highlights both the successes and limitations of Bristol’s model. The chapter concludes by discussing policy implications, advocating for greater inclusivity, institutional capacity-building, and digital accessibility to enhance participatory governance in urban settings.

On the last part of the 20th century, have been raise the concern of the public space that is a fundamental element for the human development. This issue has create new reflections that can generate theories and can move the discussion and the investigation with the most broad objective: find new concepts that can be formulate ideas that have not been yet explore in its study. Also it will help the argument to get the recognition as a way of social transformation and social renovation. This paper takes some reflections around the second phase of the investigation "heteronomy or approximations about the sense of public space, and its autonomy in this vital space" from the Institute of Projects and Investigations (INIP). The purpose of the second phase of the investigation is build up a theory base that will allow approach to analyze the complexity of the space and territory that can face the present problems of the Colombian cities.

En las regiones tropicales de Suramérica, el dengue ha aumentado aceleradamente su incidencia y tasa de morbilidad, sobre todo en la población infantil. En este sentido, Venezuela se encuentra entre los países con mayor repercusión epidemiológica. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento clínico del dengue en los niños atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Osio, de Cúa, estado Miranda. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal, realizado en el período julio-diciembre de 2014, que analizó las variables gravedad de la enfermedad, principales manifestaciones clínicas, signos de alarma y condiciones de gravedad, para 284 niños menores de 13 años, con diagnóstico de dengue. Los resultados fueron expresados en frecuencias absolutas, media, desviación estándar y porcentaje. Resultados: prevalecieron los niños de 10-13 años de edad (37,68 %) y los de 5-9 años (31,69 %). En el 82,40 % de los casos la enfermedad se comportó sin signos de alarma; el 13,73 con signos de alarma y el 3,87 % presentó dengue grave. La disminución brusca de las plaquetas se observó en el 61,54 % de los que tuvieron dengue con signos de alarma. La extravasación de plasma estuvo presente en el 63,64 % de los pacientes con dengue grave. Conclusión: aunque la enfermedad se mostró generalmente sin signos de alarma, el descenso brusco de las plaquetas, el sangrado por las mucosas y el aumento del hematocrito fueron los más observados. La extravasación de plasma y el deterioro grave de órganos diana fueron las principales condiciones de compromiso vital.

O LEED®, o sistema de avaliação de sustentabilidade ambiental mais comum no Brasil, é examinado em sua principal categoria de eficiência energética, responsável pela maior proporção da pontuação dentro do certificado. O sistema é apresentado em sua estrutura de categorias e créditos, em que é elaborado como a noção de eficiência é utilizada na avaliação de projetos. Verifica-se, por meio de dados disponíveis na literatura, qual é o desempenho energético de edifícios em operação, para em seguida comparar-se as pontuações de todos os edifícios corporativos certificados no Brasil com o sistema LEED® CSv3, com o resultado de que poucos edifícios têm desempenho significativo em eficiência energética. Por fim, a própria ideia de eficiência é discutida a partir do Paradoxo de Jevons, um conceito da economia política pelo qual ganhos de eficiência são elementos centrais da produção capitalista que levam a um rebote de aumento no consumo social total. Conclui-se que as características do sistema de avaliação, que privilegia estratégias ativas, eficiências relativas e avaliação do projeto sem considerar a operação do edifício, são entraves para a adoção do LEED® como uma ferramenta relevante em políticas públicas de transição ecológica. // LEED®, the most common environmental sustainability assessment system in Brazil, is examined in its main energy efficiency category, responsible for the largest proportion of the score within the certificate. The system is presented in its category and credit structure, in which it is elaborated how the notion of efficiency is used in the evaluation of projects. Through available literature data, the energy performance of buildings in operation is assessed, followed by a comparison of scores of all certified corporate buildings in Brazil with the LEED® CSv3 system, resulting in few buildings showing significant energy efficiency performance. Finally, the very idea of efficiency is discussed following the Jevons' Paradox, a concept of political economy whereby efficiency gains are central elements of capitalist production leading to a rebound increase in total social consumption. It is concluded that the characteristics of the assessment system, which prioritize active strategies, relative efficiencies, and project evaluation without considering building operation, hinder the adoption of LEED® as a relevant tool in public policies for ecological transition.