Migration History

On 14 November 1938, workers in the Standard Jute Mill in Titaghur (24-Parganas, Bengal) went on strike after the dismissal of six spinners. The strike was led by 'madrassi' workers, who were employed in the preparing and spinning departments. They demanded the re-instatement of the dismissed workers, and an increase in wages. Within a matter of days, 'madrassi' workers in five other jute mills in Titagarh went on strike in support of the workers in the Standard Jute Mill, followed by protests in Jagatdal, Naihaty and Hooghly. The Bengal Chatkal Mazdoor Union (BCMU), meanwhile, declared its support for the movement, and called for a general strike.

University of Oxford

My presentation examines how return migrants translate displacement into collective memory through the case of Crocifisso Sisinni, a former Gastarbeiter in Wolfsburg during the 1970s. Based on a 2023 oral history interview, it retraces his path from Ostuni to industrial Germany and back to Southern Italy after illness and rehabilitation. The focus lies on his post-migratory art, especially sculptural work in local stone and the 1977 triptych Lecce–Wolfsburg, which visualizes departure and return. Sisinni’s artistic practice emerges as both a means of re-rooting and a medium for negotiating transnational memory. Combining oral history with visual and material culture analysis, the study shows how individual return experiences are artistically reimagined and embedded in broader memory frameworks.

Migration was as common in ancient times as it is today. This book offers the first synthesis of the current state of research. It begins by presenting the relevant theories and develops a typology suitable for the era, distinguishing between voluntary and forced, individual and mass, privately and publicly directed changes of location. In a third step, meaningful examples provide a panorama of ancient migration history from the early Greeks to the Migration Period.

people give its government support and approval so that it can rule effectively among them; and finally, a nation must be internally legitimate, the people that belong to that nation must support the social, economic and political institutions of their own nation. 2 After a long period of political instability and civil wars, Argentine national institutions began to consolidate as a "nation" in the 1880's. The economy began to flourish , technology helped to improve cattle and sheep raising , and with the rising prices of cash crops, Argentina became a world leader in the production and importation of cereals. The Argentine pampas along with the Canadian prairies were two of the world's richest agricultural regions. 3 Argentina was going through great economic, social, political , and demographical expansion. As Carl Solberg notes," ... the key to Argentina 's success in attracting a massive immigration was the government's poli cy, in effect until 1930, that admitted all able-bodied Europeans regardless of ethnic background." 4 The new role of Argentina's economy in the world also led to trade relations with Europe through exporting grains and beef and importing manufactured products. Relations between Buenos Aires and Europe increased radically in the years 1860-1880. France and Great Britain were the main trade partners. French imports were significant in luxury goods, wines, and sugar, while British textiles, hardware, coal , and machinery lead the international market for Argentina. 5 Immigration as well as import-export relationships also

Return Migration and Real Estate Projects: Philanthropy or Speculation? The Examples of Le Locle and Locarno (Switzerland), From the Mid-19th Century to the 1910s The migration experiences of the past often generated financial flows linked to remittances or capital repatriation, whose main market was the private construction sector. It usually consisted of the construction of dwellings intended to complete the conservative project of the return to the homeland and represent the success of the personal career. The article draws on two real estate projects realized in two Swiss towns to show how, for two figures with a migration background from the mid-19th century onwards, the construction sector represented an entrepreneurial strategy based on a different balance between philanthropic idealism and speculative logic.

A cidade portuguesa de Caldas da Rainha -localidade pertencente ao distrito de Leiria e, em simultâneo, à sub-região oeste e à região centro do país -possui uma longa tradição no que concerne à receção de estrangeiros. Ainda que o tipo de acolhimento se tenha diferenciado consoante as épocas e as circunstâncias, o que é facto é que a população desta localidade se habituou a lidar com esta realidade. Numa primeira fase, com a vinda de emigrados Bóeres, em 1901, na sequência da Guerra Anglo-Boer (1899-1902), que opunha o Império Britânico às nações Bóeres -República de Transvaal (República Sul Africana) e o Estado Livre de Orange -pelo domínio da África do Sul 2 ; num segundo momento, sobretudo a partir da década de 1920, com a chegada de inúmeros espanhóis em busca de melhores condições de vida e, na década seguinte, em fuga da repressão franquista e da Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936)(1937)(1938)(1939) 3 ; e, a partir da década de 1940, com a presença de refugiados judeus e não-judeus em fuga de Hitler e da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939Mundial ( -1945) ) 4 . Nes-(1) Doutoranda em História Contemporânea na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra (FLUC-CHSC) e Bolseira de Investigação da Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Referência SFRH/BD/143217/2019

Tra le parabole migratorie, quella italiana è da considerarsi -per cifre e intensità -tra le più significative e peculiari della storia contemporanea. Circoscrivendo l'arco temporale agli ultimi due secoli, dal Congresso di Vienna (1815) ad oggi, sono milioni gli italiani e le italiane che hanno lasciato i propri luoghi d'origine per costruire un futuro lontano dai confini nazionali. Già in epoca preunitaria, la presenza italiana -con tutti i limiti semantici che questa categorizzazione porta con sé -si esplicitava oltremare in una pluralità di istituzioni e sodalizi collocati tra Europa e Americhe, Nord Africa e Vicino Oriente. Benché le rotte commerciali e gli sbocchi occupazionali avessero nei secoli orientato i flussi migratori in partenza dallo Stivale e dalle isole, favorendo una eccezionale circolazione di dialetti e lingue italo-romanze lungo l'Europa continentale e il bacino mediterraneo, è con la Restaurazione che iniziò a distinguersi una prima diaspora politica e intellettuale inequivocabilmente "italiana", palesata dalla costituzione di logge massoniche, società operaie, circoli di esuli e fuoriusciti, giornali, società letterarie e artistiche 1 .

Il volume accoglie diverse ricerche che analizzano in chiave diacronica il patrimonio storico di istituzioni educative e culturali italiane in una vasta gamma di contesti migratori e coloniali, spaziando dal Sudamerica all’Asia, dall’Europa al Levante fino all’Africa Settentrionale. La varietà di casi di studio offre un’interessante panoramica sulle diverse sfaccettature dell’educazione italiana fuori dai confini nazionali.

Italia dall'inverno demografico a quello democratico. La riforma dell'accesso alla cittadinanza per la popolazione immigrata come policy costitutiva From demographic winter and social ageing to democratic backsliding. The obstructive Italian policy path about the extension of citizenship rights to the immigrant population

During the Second World War, hundreds of thousands of American soldiers of Italian origin were drafted into the US military and sent to fight overseas against the Axis powers. For many, this was an opportunity to demonstrate their loyalty to the country and remove suspicions raised by Italian communities' ties with the Fascist regime. The prospect of fighting in their homeland aroused mixed feelings among those who were sent to Italy from June 1943. On the one hand, the presence of cultural and family ties stimulated the establishment of supportive relations with Italians and was seen by Washington as a useful tool for promoting 'good occupation' policies in Italy. However, the ethnic background of these soldiers did not always act as a socialisation factor with Italians, but sometimes gave rise to contradictory and even hostile attitudes that were linked to harsh judgements about Italians' responsibilities for Fascism and their predisposition, or otherwise, to democracy. This article reconstructs the contribution made by these ethnic personnel to the liberation of the peninsula and the particular views they held of Italy and Italians between war and liberation.

El presente capítulo de libro aborda cinco desavenencias entre franceses y veracruzanos de 1821 a 1861: los protagonismos de los representantes diplomáticos y consulares franceses en México, los préstamos voluntarios y forzosos, la prohibición de comerciar al menudeo (1843), las conflagraciones bélicas y los litigios civiles, criminales y mercantiles.

By following the career of an official, the article contributes to the discussion on the evolution of policies to protect Italian labour abroad between the liberal age and fascism. In 1902, Di Palma Castiglione joined the ‘informal diplomacy’ that the Foreign Ministry used to assist workers abroad during the ‘great migration’. As an emigration expert he articipated in the 1919 Peace Conference and was among the promoters of the International Labour Organisation, where he remained as an official until the 1930s..

Sin dalla metà dell’Ottocento gli Stati europei, così come quelli nord e sudamericani, hanno messo in campo politiche e pratiche di selezione per gerarchizzare i migranti in base alla loro condotta politica e morale, allo stato di salute, alla razza. Attorno a questi cardini, si è così sviluppato un processo di definizione dei soggetti ritenuti «indesiderabili», una categoria sociale e amministrativa insieme, propedeutica alla criminalizzazione dei migranti e delle migrazioni. A partire da singoli casi di studio, questo volume analizza le diverse forme con cui il diritto è intervenuto per arginare o reprimere le migrazioni: le condizioni, cioè, in cui il diritto è stato usato per filtrare e selezionare i migranti a partire da categorie sociali ed economiche. I capitoli spaziano su di un periodo che va dalla metà dell’Ottocento fino ai giorni nostri, facendo dialogare storiografie differenti, come la storia del diritto, la storia della scienza, la storia del lavoro, per studiare i processi di definizione della categoria di «indesiderabile».

On 4 December 1933, the League of Nations Committee of Experts on Assistance to Indigent Foreigners and the Execution of Maintenance Obligations Abroad began its work in Geneva. In the midst of the economic crisis, this Committee was tasked with proposing a multilateral convention on the protection of the large number of migrants who, having become unemployed, were now living in poverty. Although its mandate was to address social assistance issues, the debate immediately shifted to the possibility for countries of residence to expel or repatriate this category of people.

This study examines whether the healthy migrant effect extends to the next generation by analyzing infant mortality by parental migration status in the Antwerp district for cohorts born between1846–1906. During this period, the region experienced large-scale migration from within Belgium and neighboring countries. Using longitudinal data from the Antwerp COR*-database, I conduct survival analysis to examine whether and how parental migration status impacted infant mortality. Cox proportional hazard
models reveal that infants born to domestic migrant mothers had significantly lower mortality risks compared to those of native mothers — a 17 to 19% lower risk of dying. This effect remained robust after adjusting for the infant's sex, birth year, legitimacy status, maternal age at birth, and paternal socioeconomic status. No such advantage was observed for infants of international migrant mothers, likely due to their mothers' lower social integration. While infants of both domestic and international migrant fathers also exhibited lower mortality risks than those of native-born fathers, these effects were considerably smaller than those of domestic migrant mothers and not statistically significant.

The article looks at the effects of emigration through altruistic and redistributive uses of remittances sent and earnings brought back home by emigrants. Through case studies of altruistic and redistributive mechanisms, it explores the roles of family strategies and processes of commonization through the public administration of legacies and benefices, focusing on testamentary legacies and ecclesiastical benefices created by emigrants in their places of origin in Italian Switzerland during the 18th and 19th centuries.
KEYWORDS: effects of emigration, altruism, charity, philanthropy, family

The Swiss Canton of Neuchâtel was able to develop and become one of the country’s economic poles – particularly in the export of watches – thanks to the movement of emigrants to Europe and European immigrants to Switzerland. At the same time, missionaries, explorers, and businessmen left Neuchâtel to travel to the colonial world. Historiography has never linked these two migratory phenomena. This article – co-written in English with Ricardo Borrmann – aims to fill this gap. On the one side, it will provide an overview of the existing historiography. On the other, through some case studies, it will propose evidence and new research approaches. The result will be an invitation to de-Europeanize the history of Neuchâtel in order to inscribe it into the global history of the colonial era.

I nessi tra mobilità e regione possono essere efficacemente esplorati in varie direzioni e toccare diversi campi di indagine, alcuni dei quali molto presenti nel più attuale dibattito storiografico. La dimensione regionale, inoltre, rappresenta un campo di indagine estremamente proficuo entro cui mettere alla prova e far reagire la storia della mobilità; allo stesso tempo, la storia della mobilità offre la possibilità di gettare nuova luce sul concetto stesso di regione, permettendo di ripensarlo, ridefinirlo, concepirlo nel modo più elastico possibile.
La storia della mobilità è il tema cui è dedicata la quarta edizione dei “Colloqui bolzanini di Storia regionale” – iniziativa periodicamente organizzata dall’associazione “Geschichte und Region/Storia e regione” e dal Centro di Storia regionale –, che avrà luogo l’11 e il 12 settembre presso il Museo Mercantile di Bolzano. Nel corso delle due giornate del convegno, come di consueto, giovani studiosi e studiose provenienti dall’Italia, Austria, Germania e Svizzera avranno la possibilità di presentare e sottoporre a discussione i propri lavori di ricerca, che si muovono nell’intersezione tra storia regionale e storia della mobilità.
Sulla scorta di vari casi di studio relativi a diverse regioni europee ed epoche storiche – dal Medioevo all’età contemporanea –, le relazioni affronteranno un ampio ventaglio di temi: si parlerà di migrazioni lavorative e di gruppi religiosi, di mobilità imposta da conflitti e dittature, di migrazioni femminili, di artisti itineranti, di infrastrutture e strutture ricettive, di mobilità in montagna e transfrontaliera.

Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Mobilität und Region können in verschiedene Richtungen ausgelotet werden und berühren unterschiedliche Forschungsfelder, von denen etliche Teil aktueller geschichtswissenschaftlicher Diskussionen sind. Regionalhistorische Ansätze eröffnen einen vielversprechenden Untersuchungsraum für historische Fragen zur Mobilität. Und umgekehrt liefert die Mobilitätsgeschichte wertvolle Anstöße, Vorstellungen und Konzepte von Region kritisch zu überdenken, neu zu definieren und so flexibel als möglich anzuwenden.
Der Mobilitätsgeschichte widmet sich somit die vierte Ausgabe der „Bozner Gespräche zur Regionalgeschichte“ – eine periodische Veranstaltung von „Geschichte und Region/Storia e regione“ und dem Zentrum für Regionalgeschichte. Sie finden heuer am 11. und 12. September in den Räumen des Merkantilmuseums Bozen statt. Dabei haben junge Historikerinnen und Historiker aus Italien, Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz die Möglichkeit, ihre Forschungsarbeiten an der Schnittstelle von Mobilitäts- und Regionalgeschichte zu präsentieren und zur Diskussion zu stellen.
Das zweitägige Programm schlägt zeitlich eine Brücke vom Mittelalter bis in die Zeitgeschichte und beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Regionen Europas. Es umfasst ein breites Themenspektrum von der Arbeitsmigration über die Mobilität religiöser Gruppen, von Frauen und von Wanderkünstler:innen bis hin zu durch Krieg und Diktatur erzwungener Flucht; es streift infrastrukturelle Aspekte von Mobilität und nimmt auch das Gebirge als spezifischen Raum von Mobilität in den Blick.

https://storiaeregione.eu/it/news-eventi/leggi-evento/mobilita-e-regione

Il saggio ricostruisce l’emigrazione femminile da Primiero (TN) tra fine Ottocento e anni ’50 del Novecento. Attraverso fonti d’archivio e 30 testimonianze orali emerge la storia delle ragazze partite come domestiche verso città italiane ed europee, tra necessità e desiderio di emancipazione.

Trotz intensiver Recherche bleibt die Frühgeschichte Senftenbergs lückenhaft. Die Entstehung der Burg, die slawischen Ursprünge, die ersten Siedlungen -vieles ist Vermutung, manches Mythos, nur weniges wurde aufgeschrieben. Und doch: Quellen wie Widukind von Corvey, Thietmar von Merseburg oder das Eckarthische Tagebuch (1781) liefern erste Bausteine, die ich mit aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen abgeglichen habe. Das Layout, die durchsuchbare PDF-Version und ein kluges Verweissystem sollen den Zugang erleichtern. Ereignisjahr da jeder Suchbegriff auch in einer anderen Zeit noch mehrmals zu finden sein wird (chronologische Sortierung)

NOTA: comunichiamo agli interessati che le persone responsabili di questa intervista non sono di madrelingua italiana, per cui si prega di scusare gli eventuali errori ortografici, lessicali e o altro. n n no o o d d de e ej j ja a a i i ig g gu u ua a al l l l l la a as s s r r re e ea a al l li i id d da a ad d de e es s s h h hu u um m ma a an n na a as s s q q qu u ue e e t t to o oc c ca a a

BackgroundPsychosis rates are higher among some migrant groups. We hypothesized that psychosis in migrants is associated with cumulative social disadvantage during different phases of migration.MethodsWe used data from the EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) case–control study. We defined a set of three indicators of social disadvantage for each phase: pre-migration, migration and post-migration. We examined whether social disadvantage in the pre- and post-migration phases, migration adversities, and mismatch between achievements and expectations differed between first-generation migrants with first-episode psychosis and healthy first-generation migrants, and tested whether this accounted for differences in odds of psychosis in multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsIn total, 249 cases and 219 controls were assessed. Pre-migration (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06–2.44, p = 0.027) and post-migration social disadvantages (O...

This paper deals with the so-called New Immigration of Italians, Jews, and eastern Europeans to New Jersey during the first two decades of the twentieth century as opposed to the Old Immigration of Irish and Germans in the middle of the nineteenth century. The so-called New Immigrants were defined by the federal Dillingham Commission as undesirable which led to the immigration restrictions in the 1920s. Part of the restrictions included intelligence tested developed by Henry H. Goddard of the Vineland Training School and his role in the Eugenics Movement in America.

Nordfors, U. & Meriluoto, M. 2025. Arkeogenetiikassa tiede, historia ja inhimillisyys yhdistyvät – mutta eivät ilman haasteita. Teoksessa: Nordfors, U. & Meriluoto, M. (toim.) Muinais-DNA: Avain menneisyyteen: 6–31. Tietolipas 298. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.

Nata come piccola kermesse locale, nel corso degli anni si è trasformata in una manifestazione dalla portata mondiale. Il suo nome è "CannaTrade", una fiera internazionale sulla canapa che si tiene in Svizzera dal 2001. Accoglie ben 150 espositori provenienti da tutto il mondo per proporre un'ampia vetrina di prodotti validi, come: attrezzature per la coltivazione, accessori per fumatori, cosmesi e alimenti, informazioni sulla cannabis come medicinale, oltre alle novità settoriali. Oggi si estende su di un'area di 6000 metri quadri. La sua storia inizia 24 anni fa, quando Marco Kuhn, il fondatore, trasformò per la prima volta le "Giornate svizzere della canapa" in una fiera: "CannaTrade" appunto, in quel di Berna. Erano i tempi dei "Duftsäckli" (i sacchetti odorosi) e dei canapai, il cui numero a quanto pare superava quello delle panetterie. Il motivo era una lacuna legislativa sugli stupefacenti, che vietava la canapa, solo quando veniva consumata per motivi ricreativi. Per alcuni anni la Svizzera diventò, quindi, il paese numero Uno della canapa a livello mondiale. Ventiquattro anni fa CannaTrade era una delle tre grandi rassegne canapiere europee, insieme con la "Cannabusiness" in Germania e la "Highlife" in Olanda. È tuttavia la sola delle tre che è sopravvissuta. Il declino prese avvio in tutte e tre le nazioni, in seguito a un cambiamento del contesto politico e la Germania fu la prima a non organizzare più l'evento. L'iniziativa olandese resistette ancora qualche anno, e poi dovette chiudere i battenti, pure lei. Anche per CannaTrade, con la fine dei leggendari "Duftsäckli", le cose si misero male. Fino al 2008 in Svizzera venne ancora tollerata la vendita di semi (destinati alla coltivazione), prodotto che veniva venduto da circa il 40% degli espositori. Tuttavia nella primavera del 2008 a Berna, venne soppresso anche questo dilettevole articolo.

Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest inwentaryzacja praktyk czytania i pisania w pamiętnikach chłopskich nadesłanych na konkursy Instytutu Gospodarstwa Społecznego. W tekście prześledzone zostaje znaczenie tych praktyk oraz – w przypadku części pamiętnikarzy – zrekonstruowane ich faktyczne biografie oraz społeczne zaangażowania.

Słowa klucze: chłopi, historia chłopów, historia ludowa, piśmienność, pamiętnikarstwo, pamiętnikarze, pamiętniki, dwudziestolecie międzywojenne
Małgorzata Litwinowicz-droździel-dr hab., prof. ucz., pracuje w Instytucie Kultury Polskiej UW. Zajmuje się wiekiem XIX, kulturową historią literatury, przemianami modernizacyjnymi oraz praktykami żywego słowa. Wydała książki O starożytnościach litewskich. Mitologizacja historii w piśmiennictwie historycznym byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (2008) oraz Zmiana, której nie było. Trzy próby czytania Reymonta (2019). Kontakt: m.litwinowicz@ uw.edu.pl.

This contribution analyses the ways in which interwar Yugoslavia addressed two different diasporas, one comprising the emigrants and the other encompassing the external kin of Slovenes and Croats living in the Italian region of Julian March/Venezia Giulia. In addition, it examines how, on the one hand, the emigrants who 'returned' and, on the other, the Julian March migrants who fled the region to settle in Yugoslavia, were integrated into the Yugoslav nation-building project. It suggests that Yugoslavia's diaspora-building was importantly linked to overcoming internal divisions in a complex country and restoring political legitimacy. Furthermore, it argues that diaspora-building was more part of a discourse than carried out in earnest, since Yugoslavia, occupying an unfortunate position in the international system, was ill-equipped to provide emigrant care or serve the return migrants and Julian March immigrants.

Gender dimension of labour migration and remittance behavior has become a center for discussion in labour emigrating countries like Sri Lanka. Since the social cost of female labour migration is relatively high, proper evaluation of the costs and benefits of migration is important in designing an appropriate foreign employment policy to the country. However, lack of comprehensive data of remittances prevents us studying the gender dimension of remittance behavior. Theoretical Framework Remittance theories suggest that migrants send remittances for different purposes. Altruism, self interest motive and insurance motive of remittance behavior show that the remittances are determined by different economic, demographic and social factors. However estimating bilateral remittance flow, stock of migrants and the level of income between host and home countries are considered in the literature. Ratha and Show (2007) use three allocation rules to calculate weights for each country. First, they use migrant stock abroad. Second, they use migrant stock and the migrant income and third, migrant stock, migrant income in both destination and country of origin. They assume that, each migrant send similar fraction of the income as remittances irrespective o f their gender or the skill level.

Dossiê: Nas Tramas da cidade: territorios, mercados, conflitos
orgs: Larissa Lacerta, Renato Abramowicz Vera Telles (2025)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o fenômeno migratório transnacional contemporâneo em sua relação com as dinâmicas urbanas. Trata-se de uma análise que parte da observação na Missão Paz da Pastoral do Migrante, um importante equipamento de acolhida e atendimento a migrantes em São Paulo, localizado na baixada do Glicério, no centro da cidade, para chegar a um bairro periférico na zona Leste da cidade. Em tela, o que se quer debater são os agenciamentos desses atores que fazem-cidade. Mesmo tendo passado por situações limite em cenários de ruínas marcados por guerras, catástrofes, perseguições ou pobreza econômica, migrantes transnacionais produzem sentidos de pertencimento e modificam a cena urbana na qual se inserem. Como será visto à frente, diversas temporalidades de mobilidades de migrantes, nacionais e transnacionais, se encontram em um bairro periférico de São Paulo, o Jardim Piratininga. Nesse território são engendradas redes de relações e teias relacionais que constroem mundos e concatenam vidas, em que se criam condições de sobreviver na adversidade (Hirata, 2010). A primeira seção deste artigo apresenta a abordagem pela qual a questão migratória será tratada-de forma contrária à lente étnica predominante em boa parte das pesquisas e estudos migratórios, destaca-se a perspectiva urbana do fazer-cidade para analisar o tema. Em seguida, passamos a percorrer os espaços importantes

This article re-examines the medieval legal category of servus glebae (“serf of the soil”) in the context of the scholastic jurists’ engagement with Roman law and their influence on social change. Starting from James Q. Whitman’s call for “grand theories” in legal history, it explores how medieval legal imagination—conceived as a distinct, rational world of categories—shaped both the conceptualization and the practical realities of property and personal status. Moving beyond Marc Bloch’s dismissal of the term’s applicability to medieval serfdom, the study demonstrates that scholastic jurists deliberately distinguished between the Roman colonate and feudal servitude, framing the latter either as a personal status or as a form of real servitude over persons. Through the works of Azo and other glossators, it shows how dialectical reasoning and precise legal qualifications influenced municipal statutes, limited landlords’ powers, and supported emancipation measures such as Bologna’s Liber Paradisus (1257). The analysis situates these doctrinal developments within broader processes of the thirteenth century, including the monetization and eventual abolition of feudal rights, the emergence of dominium utile, and the consolidation of “perfect property.” Rejecting the separation of legal scholarship from social reality, the article argues that medieval jurisprudence actively structured social relations, with lasting effects on European legal thought.

Απαγορεύεται η αντιγραφή μέρους ή του συνόλου της παρούσας διατριβής. Επιτρέπεται η ανατύπωση, αποθήκευση και διανομή για εκπαιδευτικό ή ερευνητικό σκοπό, μη κερδοσκοπικού χαρακτήρα, με την προϋπόθεση να αναφέρεται η πηγή προέλευσης. Η έγκριση της διδακτορικής διατριβής από το Τμήμα της Ιταλικής Γλώσσας και Φιλολογίας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών δεν δηλώνει απαραιτήτως την αποδοχή των απόψεων του συγγραφέα. Βεβαιώνω ότι είμαι συγγραφέας της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής και ότι κάθε βοήθεια που προσφέρθηκε στην εκπόνησή της αναγνωρίζεται και αναφέρεται στο κείμενο. Επιπλέον, αναφέρονται όλες οι βιβλιογραφικές πηγές που αξιοποιήθηκαν, πρωτογενείς και δευτερογενείς, είτε η συμβολή τους παρατίθεται επακριβώς ως απόσπασμα είτε ως παράφραση. Η συγγραφέας της εργασίας Αθανασία Γ. Δρακούλη

Writing for the New York Times Magazine in 1928, journalist Eunice Fuller Barnard described the dramatic expansion of transatlantic student travel from the United States to Europe in the years since the First World War. Whereas "gilded youth used to go by twos and threes with parents or tutor," she wrote, now American youth "gilded and ungilded, moves Europe-ward in mass formation, sometimes hundreds in a party, with all the enthusiasm of a college cheering section." There "are so many bureaus of student travel," continued Barnard, "that they are constantly getting their mail mixed up." 1 With established tourist companies adding student departments and "student tour-conducting" appearing "almost over night" as a highly-profitable vacation occupation, Barnard knew that in the 1920s American student travel abroad was big business. And the man credited with beginning it was the 1924 Yale graduate, James Stanton Robbins. Yet J. S. Robbins and his fellow student travel organizers have disappeared almost entirely from the history of Americans abroad in the early 1920s. The rapid growth of student third class travel across the Atlantic in this period is usually portrayed either as part of the history of U.S. tourism (a 1925 innovation of the shipping companies in response to the dramatic reduction of steerage traffic from Europe to the United States after the introduction of the 1924 Johnson-Reed Immigration Restriction Act) or as a footnote in the history of international education (which tends to cast the shipping companies as merely a means to get to Europe for the summer). Although Harvey Levenstein has highlighted the soaring rates of U.S. college attendance in the 1920s and the emergence of travel agencies catering to it, histories of U.S. foreign relations, education, and tourism have not yet been bridged. This article provides a new account of the cultural and economic politics of travel in the interwar period. Uncovering the story of the little-known Student Third Class Association (STCA)-an organization founded by J. S. Robbins when he was a student at Yale in the early 1920s and sponsored by the Holland America Line throughout the interwar period-this account shows how the ground of post-1945 mass overseas tourism and commerce was laid in the 1920s by

Taking time as a political relation and politics as a temporal one, our focus in this Special Issue is on contemporary case studies from a variety of geographical and political contexts. Using a wide range of methodological and theoretical approaches from across the social sciences, we use a temporal lens to study structures of power and inequality. Attentive to uncertainty, indeterminacy, and contingency, the contributions to this issue are especially attuned to the political salience of collectively produced temporal agency. Based on empirical case studies, the articles in this collection apply, critique, refine, and extend existing temporal concepts to uncover the political and transformative uses of time. Conscious of time's intimate entanglement with power, inequality, social transformation, and social justice, we hope to contribute a politically relevant, empirically and conceptually rich collection of articles to critical time studies and to studies of politics, social change, and social movements.

Théo Millot* « Buenos-Aires est l'un des trois grands ports le plus au Sud de la terre. Il faut encore marcher trois kilomètres pour atteindre la Boca. Regardez la carte : vous verrez que les femmes qui sont là ne pouvaient raisonnablement descendre plus bas 1 ». Alors qu'il suit les traces des proxénètes français installés à Buenos Aires, Albert Londres désigne la ville comme « le bout du monde », et son port comme le « bout de la mer 2 ». Portant son regard sur les femmes qui se prostituent dans le quartier portuaire, il lui semble évident de faire de cette marge géographique un lieu de marginalisation sociale. Pourtant, en dépit des distances, ce sont les flux migratoires venus d'Europe qui sont au fondement de l'extraordinaire croissance démographique de la capitale argentine. Sa population passe de 335 000 habitants en 1880 à deux millions en 1930 3 , mais un déséquilibre se creuse dans le sex-ratio. Une femme pour deux hommes y vit en 1914 4 . La route migratoire entre la France et l'Argentine est alors empruntée par des migrants qui y voient une opportunité économique pour favoriser la prostitution féminine. À partir des années 1880, les mobilités de femmes en vue de leur prostitution font écho au thème médiatique à scandale de la « traite des blanches 5 ». La traite -renommée « traite des femmes » par des représentants gouvernementaux * Prépare une thèse à l'université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne intitulée « Des proxénètes en République. Naissance et fabrique d'une société criminelle (1903-1946) », sous la direction d'Arnaud Houte.

BackgroundPsychosis rates are higher among some migrant groups. We hypothesized that psychosis in migrants is associated with cumulative social disadvantage during different phases of migration.MethodsWe used data from the EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) case–control study. We defined a set of three indicators of social disadvantage for each phase: pre-migration, migration and post-migration. We examined whether social disadvantage in the pre- and post-migration phases, migration adversities, and mismatch between achievements and expectations differed between first-generation migrants with first-episode psychosis and healthy first-generation migrants, and tested whether this accounted for differences in odds of psychosis in multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsIn total, 249 cases and 219 controls were assessed. Pre-migration (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06–2.44, p = 0.027) and post-migration social disadvantages (O...