Transnational History

The short-lived period of Eurocommunism in the 1970s and early 1980s was a time of hope and renewed encounters between the Communist parties of Eastern Europe and the Social Democratic and Socialist parties of Western Europe. The Eurocommunist movement was led by the great Communist parties in Italy, the PCI (Partito Comunista Italiano), in France, the PCF (Partie communiste français), and Spain, the PCE (Partido Comunista de España). Some of the smaller Communist parties followed their example. Their leader tried to develop new strategies for their parties suited for their political environment, the Western European democracies and their developed welfare states. Strategies summed up under the name of a »historical compromise« between the Communists and their Conservative and Social Democratic counterparts. It was a joint effort to break free from the tutelage of the Soviet Union and the Communist parties in Russia and Eastern Europe. For the first time in ages, Communist politicians and communist intellectuals engaged in public debates with politicians and intellectuals from the Social Democratic and Socialist Left in Europe. Publiziert unter | publiée sous CC BY 4.0

Parmi les villes qui ont façonné l’imaginaire mondial au XVIIIe siècle, Paris et Londres occupent des places de choix. En proie à une forte augmentation démographique à la fin du siècle, Naples regarde vers les deux capitales les plus peuplées d’Europe en guise d’inspiration pour ses projets de réforme. Cette intervention examine dans une perspective transnationale les projets d’embellissements conçus par l’architecte Vincenzo Ruffo dans "Saggio sull’abbellimento di cui è capace la città di Napoli" (1789). Nous nous pencherons ainsi sur la circulation des formes urbaines entre les projets de Ruffo, l’abbé Laugier et John Gwynn. Si les écrits de Laugier et Gwynn ont été bien étudiés, les projets de Ruffo sur Naples demeurent moins connus. En outre, ce rapprochement n’a jamais fait l’objet d’un examen approfondi. Or, des questionnements similaires traversent cet ensemble qui sera étudié en mobilisant les ressources du comparatisme urbain à l’aune du concept d’ «interurbanité ». Ces projets sont par ailleurs autant de vecteurs d’ «imaginaires sociotechniques » (Picon, 2024) laissant transparaître des aspirations et des valeurs communes sur lesquelles se fonde la ville embellie.
Dans son écrit, Ruffo suit les lignes directrices du célèbre Essai sur l’architecture (1753) de Laugier. C’est précisément dans le passage du français à l’italien que le concept d’ « interurbanité » dévoile toute sa richesse. Un des fragments clés de l’Essai sur la beauté et la magnificence d’une ville est repris de manière littérale, à cette différence près que Ruffo ajoute les places à la triade de Laugier composée d’entrées, de rues et de bâtiments.
L’architecte italien transpose les idées de Laugier à l’échelle napolitaine créant une ville multifocale dominée par un réseau de neuf places semi-circulaires, circulaires ou hexagonales d’amples proportions. Seront ainsi examinées la Piazza degli Studi, la Place royale et la Piazza militare. Pour mettre en valeur le pouvoir commercial et militaire du Royaume de Naples, Ruffo se tourne vers les projets de Gwynn dont il reprend la conception de la magnificence publique, ainsi que le goût des larges perspectives sur la Tamise. Il se dessine ainsi un lien entre la Place royale de Ruffo qui annonce dans sa conception l’Emiciclo Ferdinandeo (l’actuelle Piazza del Plebiscito) (Cantone, 2013) et les nouvelles places de Gwynn. D’autres interférences seront également évoquées, en particulier avec le Royal Crescent de Bath et les places royales de Nancy.
Ce réseau de neuf places, reliées par des avenues, traverse le cœur de Naples sur un axe nord-sud, de Chiaia à Capodichino. Les pleins et les vides se répondent parfaitement, et font émerger un système urbain cohérent qui s’ouvre sur le paysage environnant. Même si dans un premier temps les embellissements de Ruffo ont été qualifiés de « projets fous », cette réorganisation audacieuse du tissu urbain n’est pas sans rappeler les sventramenti du XIXe siècle.

Sortir de l'altérité grâce à l'éducation en Allemagne au XIXe siècle Résumé La création de l'institution d'éducation en Allemagne au XIX e siècle semble bien permettre de réduire le sentiment d'altérité puisqu'elle unifie en luttant contre les différences régionales. Cependant, les différences persistent sur le plan social. Le système éducatif allemand très compartimenté crée même de nouveaux privilèges. L'éducation est donc un sujet polémique au XIX e siècle en Allemagne. Ainsi, Nietzsche, qui est alors professeur à Bâle, critique le système éducatif allemand dans ses conférences intitulées "Sur l'avenir de nos établissements d'éducation" et se prononce en faveur d'une éducation élitiste fondée sur la notion même d'altérité. Zusammenfassung Im Zuge der Reichsgründung von 1871 sollte auch mit Hilfe der Reformen im Erziehungswesen versucht werden, regionale Unterschiede, die für ein Gefühl von Alterität und Verschiedenheit sorgten, zu vermindern. Auf Grund der jedoch weiterhin bestehenden sozialen Unterschiede entstanden durch das stark differenzierte Erziehungswesen zwar neue Perspektiven, aber gleichzeitig auch neue Privilegien, und das bedeutete wiederum Alterität. So ist Erziehung in Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert ein viel und kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Der zu dieser Zeit als Professor in Basel lehrende Nietzsche kritisierte das deutsche Erziehungswesen in seinen Vorträgen "Über die Zukunft unserer Bildungsanstalten", in denen er sich für eine stark elitäre Erziehung ausspricht, die von Verschiedenheit ausgeht. <1> Le XIX e siècle, qui met en place une nouvelle organisation de la société au moyen de l'enseignement, est nommé par les historiens de l'éducation, à juste titre, le "siècle de l'éducation" 1 . <2> Si les institutions d'éducation et les productions théoriques qui la concernent sont héritées de l'Aufklärung, ce n'est cependant que depuis le début du XIX e siècle que l'unité nationale et sociale se réalise peu à peu en Allemagne. En 1803/06, les Etats de la Confédération germanique commencent à s'émanciper de l'influence de l'Eglise et peuvent se constituer une identité laïque et nationale. En Allemagne, la révolution nationale et sociale se fait, contrairement aux révolutions anglaise et française, "par en-haut". Elle représente à la fois une volonté de modernisation et un besoin de conservation de la hiérarchie sociale en place. Ce modèle de mutation sociale est ainsi novateur et moderniste du point de vue de l'histoire sociale, mais défensif sur le plan politique, puisqu'il sert à assurer la préservation des privilèges sociaux du siècle précédent.

Der Artikel zeigt, dass die Frauenorganisation "Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom" (WILPF) in den 1910er und 1920er Jahren Pazifismus und Kolonialismus nicht als Widerspruch sahen. Erst durch das Engagement einzelner Mitglieder und der Auseinandersetzung mit dem aufkommenden Faschismus bildete sich eine antikoloniale Haltung in der Organisation. Zudem wird analysiert, wie die WILPF ihre Position rechtfertigte.

The volume contains a catalogue of the promotion books of the Jesuit universities in Nagyszombat, Kassa, and Kolozsvár, arranged chronologically according to the level of degree. At Jesuit universities and colleges of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, promotion books were published on the occasions of public disputations and solemn ceremonies held for the conferment of academic degrees (baccalaureatus, magisterium, doctoratus).
A kötet a nagyszombati, kassai és kolozsvári jezsuita felsőfokú oktatás
promóciós könyveinek katalógusát tartalmazza végzettségi szint szerint
kronologikus sorrendben. A 17–18. századi jezsuita egyetemeken és főiskolákon a tudományos gradusok (baccalaureatus, magisterium, doctoratus) elnyerése végett tartott nyilvános vitatkozások és ünnepélyes avatások alkalmából jelentették meg a promóciós könyveket.

This special issue of Public Art Dialogue invites scholarly contributions (research articles, short essays, and artists' projects) that examine the enduring visual, spatial, and ideological legacies of colonialism in public spaces across the Pacific world. It seeks to explore how imperial legacies forged transoceanic connections that continue to shape the public sphere through means including but not limited to monuments, architecture, civic rituals, theater, dance, street art, and performative acts.

Reseña de Francisco T. Sobrino) 1. En agosto de 1938, Cordell Hull, secretario de Estado en el gobierno de Franklin Delano Roosevelt, estaba indignado con los mexicanos. El gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas había expropiado a las compañías petroleras el 18 de marzo de ese año y se había comprometido a pagar la correspondiente indemnización conforme a las leyes mexicanas. Las compañías, sin embargo, se negaban a llegar a un acuerdo y a negociar la valuación y el monto a pagar y pedían la devolución de sus antiguas propiedades. Uno de los puntos del complicado litigio consistía en que, mientras el gobierno mexicano consideraba que el petróleo del subsuelo era propiedad de la nación y no de las compañías, simples concesionarias de su explotación, éstas incluían a los yacimientos entre sus propiedades. El otro era el valor de las instalaciones mismas. Finalmente, las compañías-y en eso las más intransigentes eran las británicas-negaban el derecho mexicano de expropiar. El gobierno de Estados Unidos, por su parte, reconocía el derecho del gobierno de México a expropiar dentro de los límites de su soberanía territorial y se separaba, en esto, de la postura de las compañías petroleras. Pero exigía pago inmediato de una justa indemnización. Los mexicanos no se negaban a pagar, pero reclamaban, primero, que las compañías permitieran una evaluación imparcial de sus bienes y, segundo, que se pagara en los plazos en que México estuviera en condiciones de hacerlo. Esta polémica se entrecruzaba con la discusión casi idéntica sobre el pago de la indemnización por la expropiación de tierras mexicanas propiedad de ciudadanos de Estados Unidos en cumplimiento del programa de reforma agraria del gobierno del general Cárdenas. Y sobre estas expropiaciones agrarias se había entablado el litigio entre ambos gobiernos.

This review examines Stefano Pelaggi’s L’isola sospesa. Taiwan e gli equilibri del mondo, which provides a clear and interdisciplinary account of Taiwan’s historical evolution and geopolitical significance. Covering key phases from early colonization and Japanese rule to the Kuomintang retreat, democratization, and Taiwan’s role in the global semiconductor industry, the book effectively links domestic transformations with regional and global dynamics. While limited by its reliance on Western sources and by stopping at the 2014 Sunflower Movement, it remains a valuable introduction to Taiwan’s history, politics, and international position.

Religion can be an effective instrument in politics. This has been a phenomenon all over the ages and different political contexts. Politicians utilise religion in order to gain political goals. This paper wants to investigate the reasons why religion is such an effective instrument within politics. The investigation is as much a historical investigation as it is descriptive. After careful analysis of contexts, a deduction is made to reach an understanding of the reasons for the political use of religion. The author identified through investigating two examples (i.e. politics in South Africa and Japan) several elements to consider when discussing religion within politics: (a.) no separation between spheres of existence, (b.) culture of religious participation in politics, (c.) politics and religion touch emotional and sentimental chords, (d.) religion contributes to national identity, (e.) religion can provide a claim to divine approval of political decisions, (f.) religious communities are effective partners in implementing government policies. The author consciously decided not to investigate the relationship between Islam and politics as different elements play a role in such considerations.

First Impressions On a quiet Friday night, I reached for a book that had been waiting on my shelf for more than two weeks. I hadn't planned to start it-life is busy, and time, as I've come to understand, is not interchangeable. These days I'm far more selective with what I read, careful about where I invest my attention. Some books disappoint. This one rewarded every page. Until now, I had only heard of Shambel Michael Ghebrenegus in passing-mainly for his role in post-independence Eritrean policing and training. I knew little of his involvement in Ethiopia's revolutionary transition. But from the first page, I was drawn in. By Saturday evening I was fully immersed, and by 3 a.m. Sunday I had finished all 353 pages. It was time well spent.

The article traces Fascist Italy’s participation in the International Labour Organization. The Italian presence was marked both by tensions—originating mainly from the removal of trade union freedom imposed by Mussolini’s regime—and by profound convergences. The representatives of the regime actively contributed to the functioning of a transnational circuit of analysis and legislation in the field of labor and social policies embodied in the ILO. Paradoxically, given Fascist opposition to the League of Nations system to which the ILO belonged, the regime’s engagement was determined not only by pragmatic interests but also by the belief, shared by the Italian authorities and the organization’s governing body, that economic liberalism was in decline and that a commitment was needed to develop new models for regulating the economy and labor.

Until 1945 or so, Scottish Literature���or rather, a fragmentary selection of its periods and authors���flourished to an extent under the rubric of junior partnership in the Union or local identity in Empire, or as part of a greater English Literature, as in the English Men of Letters series. Scott was taught in England&#x27;s grammar schools and universities; Burns had only recently begun the catastrophic decline he was to suffer at the hands of Romanticism&#x27;s new paradigm and the postwar distrust of the volkisch and autochthonous; even Ramsay was ...

These proceedings of the 16th conference of the international society for the study of early cinema Domitor includes 26 studies and numerous rarely seen figures dealing with the often overlooked history of the crafts, trades and techniques of early cinema. By examining material culture and the institutionalization of practices into trades during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this new investigation into the skills and the techniques that defined the cinema in its early decades aims to foster a better understanding of the medium in its varied industrial and professional aspects. The art and gestures of craftspersons—including performers, camera operators, editors, directors, designers, engineers, projectionists, programmers, and critics—, like those of the factory or laboratory workers, are considered for their emerging specificity, as well as in relation to existing cultural, material and technological forms. This book shows how the industrialization of cinema, the professionalization of workers, and the standardization of techniques led to the creation (or at times, subversion) of norms, and consequently legitimized certain skills, crafts and techniques at the expense of others.

The intermedial approaches deployed in this collection bring into focus the influence of multiple professional worlds and cultural practices on the nascent film medium, as well as the necessary adaptations and transformations required by the latter. This circulatory dynamic concerns people and practices, studied in a non-diffusionist approach taking into account transcultural interactions. Chapters examine the mechanisms of professionalization and identity-building as they relate to professions such as filmmaker or colorist, as well as to more unexpected occupations such as accountant, censor, or chemical engineer.

The notion of technique is broadly defined. Several of the volume’s chapters deal with cameras or special effects, as well as with new historical investigation into mysterious technical devices such as shutters, cue systems or working samples. Going beyond this preoccupation with materiality, the collected studies also approach technique as a human and cultural activity, and thus as a set of gestures, crafts, and expertise. The book more specifically opens up a reflection on the skills of screen performers and on the training that brought the institutionalization of body techniques and film acting. The book further illustrates to an unprecedented extent that the first film workers were frequently women.

Several chapters are dedicated to the unconventional careers of specific film workers, with particular attention being given to the diversity and complexity of professional trajectories. Indeed, this book demonstrates that the invention of cinema was deeply enmeshed with the rise of international networks, which resulted in the standardization of technical practices within corporate and national contexts being ultimately shaped by globalization.

During the second half of the eighteenth century, Western countries witnessed an explosion of societies and publishing initiatives aimed at creating and disseminating what contemporaries called useful knowledge. These “economic societies,” “societies of friends of the country,” or “societies of improvers” sought to improve their local communities through the scientific management of natural and social resources. This article analyses the opportunities that this movement of patriots opened up for women in chemistry, who went from being “exceptional women” to representing themselves as female “friends of the country.”

This article shows the different ways in which these women “friends of the country” negotiated their authorship, agency, and public visibility in order to maintain gender conventions and the importance of their kinship networks. It also illustrates the other side of the coin: how women’s contributions also benefited male scientific societies, which gained visibility and secured the social position of their members in enlightened circles.

RAMOS DIEZ-ASTRAIN, Xavier María; TREGLIA, Emanuele y ABAD, Eduardo, "Introducción", en RAMOS DIEZ-ASTRAIN, Xavier María; TREGLIA, Emanuele y ABAD, Eduardo (eds.), Dossier "Dimensiones transnacionales del comunismo italiano durante la Guerra Fría", Nuestra Historia. Revista de Historia de la FIM, n.º 19 (2025), pp. 11-16.

We gratefully acknowledge the generosity of Professor Lockard, who not only contributed the keynote article for this roundtable, but also expended considerable time and energy responding to the other contributors. Professor Edward Farmer&#39;s equally generous and thoughtful article in response to Professor Lockard&#39;s essay will serve as the keynote to the continuation of this roundtable series in our next issue. I began this roundtable by inviting all of the assistant editors, as well as those who have worked closely to guide the formation of this new journal, to participate because I wanted this as a forum to introduce the editorial team of the Middle Ground. As we continue this series, we will invite and encourage participation from everyone-the general public, teachers, students, and scholars-interested in the promotion and studying of world history.

The three-month rains retreat of Vassavasa has been a mainstay tradition of monastic communities since the founding of the Buddhist order. However, its conclusion, Pavarana, is an important event in itself, typically falling on the full moon of the 11th lunar month. In 2022, the festival was celebrated on 9 October.

The genesis of this text is a search for a Jewish family chronicle branching out into investigative history, involving a secret black market operation directed from Berlin during World War II in the occupied Netherlands. It is an example of micro-history meeting macrohistory, a kind of exercise not yet very common, so there are as yet no fixed rules for the narrative. The research uncovered the stories of a group of German Jews struggling to lead normal lives in abnormal circumstances in Amsterdam. The way they did was not conventional. Neither was the man who offered them the opportunity to make a living before all were caught up in the rolling out of the Final Solution. So while the narrative is not written with any scientific or literary ambition, it uncovers uncomfortable facts and gives insight into the dilemmas of individuals trapped in a hostile environment. Also the fact that some actors had connections to the resistance while working under the orders of the occupiers raises yet to be answered questions.

RÉSUMÉ. Instituée, en France, par la jeune IIIe République, la Science de l’éducation était destinée à former les maîtres pour qu’à leur tour ils forment les futurs citoyens. Cette quasidiscipline donne à voir, par-delà les tensions entre la philosophie et les sciences sociales naissantes, entre discours généralistes et discours de spécialistes,une tension entre des conceptions diverses de la république,de l’école publique et de la laïcité. Elle constitue ainsi un bon observatoire des tensions qui, dès l’origine, traversent le « modèle républicain ».

Foregrounding transnational movements in and around Soviet culture, Red Migrations rethinks the field of migration studies in socialist Eastern Europe.

Together with a new political, social, and cultural order, the Bolshevik Revolution also brought about a spatial revolution. Changed patterns, motivations, and impacts of migration collided with new cultural forms and aesthetic mandates. Red Migrations highlights the various multidirectional and multilateral transnational movements of leftist thinkers, artists, and writers.

The book draws on avant-garde poets such as David Burliuk, Marxist theoreticians such as János Mácza, and “fellow travellers” such as Langston Hughes, revealing how leftists of all stripes were inspired and at times impelled by the Soviet Revolution to cross borders. It explores how the resulting circulation of ideas, aesthetic forms, and individuals not only contributed enormously to the ferment of creative activity in the early Soviet years, but also deeply informed international leftist aesthetics and political practice throughout the twentieth century.

The robust and diverse transnational networks created by these circulations are at the centre of this volume. With original archival research and insightful analyses, Red Migrations sheds light on the ideals, aspirations, and disappointments of leftist transnationalism from the 1920s through the 1960s and the aesthetic forms they engendered.

Der vorliegende Sammelband geht auf eine Erlanger Tagung zu mantischen und divinatorischen Praktiken im Mittelalter zurück. Neben einer Einleitung enthält das Buch sieben Aufsätze, wobei der Schwerpunkt mit fünf Aufsätzen vor allem auf dem Frühmittelalter liegt. Da theoretische Traktate zu dem Thema keine Rückschlüsse auf die gelebte Praxis zuließen, wie die beiden Herausgeber in ihrer Einleitung betonen, ist es das Ziel des Sammelbandes, die Bedeutung von Mantik mit Hilfe von Rechtsquellen besser zu erfassen. Allerdings, so ihr Fazit, sei nur in seltenen Fällen ein Rückschluss auf tatsächliche Praktiken möglich. Teil des Projekts ist eine in Erlangen entwickelte Datenbank mittelalterlicher Rechtstexte mit 70 Datensätzen zu mantischen Praktiken. [1] Der Zugriff auf die Datenbank ist nach Anfrage per E-Mail möglich. Sie enthält bisher nur Exzerpte aus den Concilia-Bänden der MGH. Eine Auswertung verschiedener Kirchenrechtssammlungen und der Leges steht noch aus. Lukas Bothe beschäftigt sich in seinem Beitrag mit in die Vergangenheit gerichteten Wahrsagungen in der Lex Ribuaria. Unter dem Begriff subsumiert er Gottesurteile in gerichtlichen Sühneprozessen, die er als quasidivinatorische Praktiken klassifiziert. Darüber hinaus seien mantische Praktiken im engeren Sinne nicht Gegenstand dieses fränkischen Rechtsbuches. Cornelia Scherer untersucht die Collectio Hispana und andere westgotische Rechtsquellen. Erlasse gegen mantische und divinatorische Praktiken sieht sie vor allem durch die Vergewisserung des rechten Glaubens und die Sicherung der Königsherrschaft motiviert. Letzteres manifestiere sich besonders im Verbot, den Todeszeitpunkt des Königs vorherzusagen. Hinweise auf die tatsächliche Praktizierung von Mantik und Divination seien hingegen selten. Durch einen Vergleich zwischen der Collectio Hibernensis und der Collectio vetus Gallica arbeitet Roy Flechner Unterschiede im Umgang mit dem Loswurf heraus, der in der ersten Sammlung erlaubt, in der zweiten jedoch verboten sei. Die Erlaubnis der Hibernensis könne durch die Berücksichtigung irischer Verfahrensweisen für Fälle ohne Zeugen oder die Harmonisierung mit entsprechenden Beispielen aus der Bibel erklärt werden. Abgesehen von diesem Unterschied zeichne die Bekämpfung der Divination beide systematische Sammlungen aus. Ludger Körntgen wendet sich mantischen Bestimmungen in frühmittelalterlichen Bußbüchern zu. In der Tradition des Konzils von Ankyra, des Augustinus und der Predigten des Caesarius von Arles verständen die Bußbücher mantische Praktiken größtenteils als Idolatie und ordneten die entsprechenden Regelungen daher häufig bei anderen paganen Praktiken ein. Dass mantische Praktiken Thema der Seelsorge und Bußpraxis blieben, zeige sich besonders deutlich in den Bußbüchern des 9. Jahrhunderts wie denjenigen von Halitgar von Cambrai, Hrabanus Maurus und Pseudo-Gregor. Unter der Prämisse, dass päpstliche Responsa eine größere Nähe zu möglichen gesellschaftlichen Praktiken aufwiesen als Rechtssammlungen mit ihren oft von Sammlung zu Sammlung tradierten Kanones und Dekretalen, untersucht Klaus Herbers vier frühmittelalterliche päpstliche Antwortschreiben vom Libellus responsium Gregors I. bis zu den Responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum Nikolaus' I. Herbers arbeitet heraus, wie die Responsa bisherige Traditionen aufgriffen, und verfolgt die Rezeption der einschlägigen Rechtsantworten bis zum Dekret Gratians.

In 1837, when Giacomo Leopardi received a letter from Luigi de Sinner, in which his Swiss friend informed him that the first unabridged version of the Canti in German had been published, the poet was most probably unaware that in the preface the translator compared him to Adam Mickiewicz. What the two great romantic poets had in common was the love of the country and the idea of fighting for independence. The article aims to present this affinity, underlined by the first German translator of their works in 1837, but so far neglected by the critics.

We have chosen to translate into English our review of Antonino De Francesco's La palla al piede. Una storia del pregiudizio antimeridionale (Feltrinelli, Milan 2012), originally published in italian in "Quaderni eretici | Cahiers hérétiques", 3 (2015). The review is now more than ten years old, and the book itself, published thirteen years ago, has already been largely forgotten-a fact that is in itself significant when considering this type of historiographical production, which often bursts onto the scene with great fanfare only to fade rapidly from scholarly memory. This English version includes minor modifications and adaptations, as well as a brief final reflection on the book's impact more than a decade after its release. This translation therefore serves a double purpose. On the one hand, the theme itself-anti-Southern prejudice, its reiteration across centuries, its ideological and political uses-remains of undoubted relevance for understanding Italian history and identity. On the other hand, it offers an occasion to reflect more broadly on certain historiographical tendencies that reach far beyond the Italian case. De Francesco's work, while meritorious in its erudition and narrative construction, epitomizes a style of scholarship inclined toward intellectualized and often self-indulgent frameworks, not always firmly anchored in archival sources. Its reliance on literary and cultural representations, newspapers, theatre, and cinema, with limited attention to institutional documentation, mirrors a broader trend in contemporary historiography: the preference for striking titles, conceptual generalizations, and promotional impact, sometimes at the expense of empirical depth and long-term durability. It is precisely this aspect-the initial prominence followed by a rapid descent into semioblivion-that makes the book, and our review of it, worthy of revisiting.De Francesco himself, former Professor of Modern History at the University of Milan and a scholar with an established career, has contributed significantly to debates on the Risorgimento and national identity. Yet his trajectory-emblematic of certain intellectualist currents in Italian historiography-offers a useful case for international readers, who may wish to assess both the strengths and the limits of this approach. By making this review accessible in English, we hope to broaden the conversation and invite a more critical engagement with the ways historians build narratives of prejudice, identity, and national divisions-and to reflect on why some works, despite initial acclaim, so quickly fade from the collective scholarly horizon.

The research focuses on examining the diplomatic and cultural relations of the Order of Minims in France with the Papal States between the late Fifteenth and the Eighteenth century, with particular attention to artistic patronage and the iconographic dissemination of the cult of Saint Francis of Paola.

El presente artículo aborda la actividad de las bandas de música en La Habana en el último cuarto del siglo XIX a través de la prensa histórica. Para ello se toman como referencia dos de los periódicos locales más importantes de la etapa estudiada (1870-1894): el Diario de la Marina y La Lucha. Diario Republicano. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un acercamiento al quehacer musical de las bandas a través de la visión y los datos proporcionados por las publicaciones periódicas, coincidiendo con uno de los momentos trascendentales de la historia de Cuba: el inicio de la guerra de independencia en 1868 contra España conocida como la Guerra de los Diez Años. De este modo, se pretende reconstruir la actividad de estas agrupaciones, así como identificar las instituciones con las que se relacionaron, las fiestas y eventos de mayor participación y el repertorio que ejecutaron. Para lograr los objetivos planteados, en primer lugar, se estudian las características de las bandas, cuáles fueron las más destacadas, los espacios en los que se presentaron, así como las celebraciones civiles y religiosas más significativas en las que intervinieron. En segundo lugar, se analiza el repertorio interpretado a partir de los programas publicados en la prensa (1870-1894) de los conciertos de las bandas de música del Departamento de Artillería de la Isla de Cuba y del Batallón de Bomberos Municipales de La Habana. Por último, se hace una aproximación a la labor artística de tres destacados directores de banda, considerando diversos ámbitos y espacios socio-musicales de la ciudad: Juan Brocchi, Manuel Úbeda y Rafael Rojas.

This chapter examines the internationalization of archaeology in the Middle East between the two world wars. It considers the inextricable relations between a new ‘regime of antiquities’, aimed at standardizing archaeology under the oversight of international institutions and the mandates system. Mandate territories graded A, formerly ruled by the Ottoman Empire, became the linchpin of the new archaeological regime and drew on precepts of civilizational hierarchy and trusteeship and on development policies. The chapter tracks articulations of these percepts and their  circulations in organizations of the League of Nations, such as the Commission for International Cooperation and the International Museums’ Office, on international platforms, and  in the language, policies and daily practices of mandate officials and archaeologists on  excavation sites, such as  Tell ed-Dwier/ Lachish, in Palestine. Unsolvable tensions within internationalism- between imperial and national agendas clashed. The chapter connects histories of archaeology to the study of internationalism.

O  artigo  explora  o  trânsito  de  experiências  e  saberes  religiosos  na  textualidade missionária  do  domincano  João  dos  Santos,  abordando  o  contexto  histórico  da  missionação  no território  da  África  oriental,  alvo  de  um  projeto  de  conversão  desde  meados  do  século  XVI. Aprofundando  a  análise  sobre  as  práticas  missionárias,  o  artigo  observa  as  redes  episcopais,  os circuitos  de  transmissão  de  saber  a  nível  local  em  que  o  dominicano  se  engaja,  dentro  de  um universo religioso transcultural, característico de um espaço de fronteira. A obra proporciona um guia  para  atuação  missionária  naquele  território,  no  âmbito  das  práticas  confessionais  ensejadas pelo catolicismo pós-tridentino.

Este artículo propone una caracterización de los colegios particulares pagados de la zona sur de Chile y del subsistema que conforman, enfatizando la distinción intercolegios. Se basa en documentación pública, prensa y entrevistas a 17 directores/as, trabajadas a partir de análisis de contenido. Propone una periodización histórica del subsistema en el territorio, así como una clasificación de los establecimientos en torno a cinco ejes temáticos, que se organizan identitariamente por medio de la tríada: 1) dentro, 2) fuera, 3) dentro-fuera. Concluye dando cuenta de las principales distinciones horizontales y verticales que se producen en el subsistema de colegios privados del territorio, las que tienen relación con el costo, la tradición, la visión del sistema público, la autopercepción y los vínculos que establecen con el entorno.

This article uses the West German experiences of the late 1960s to analyze the discursive process through which historical narratives are formed and develop over time. While a multitude of perceptions and interpretations of events may exist, only a handful of competing narratives shape public memory of those events. Engagement, Access and Audience determine which of the many varied interpretations of an event or events will emerge as dominant narratives or “history.” The author examines the evolution of “1968” in German political culture from experience to history, and from narrative to myth and suggests new directions for the negotiation of the meaning of “1968” in a now unified Germany. Search Terms: Germany, Student Movement, Memory, Extra-parliamentary Opposition, Sixty-eighters

The article deals with a segment of the cultural transfer that took place between Polish and South African poetry in the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis of the interactions between the actors and texts involved in this process allows for the identification of the stakes of the alliances formed between them, as well as the mutual projections and/or misunderstandings. The research focuses on interpretations of Zbigniew Herbert's poetry by Stephen Watson, a South African poet and essayist working on a model of poetry that would support the post-totalitarian transition of his national community. Through a close reading of Watson's texts, set within the broader context of the global reception of the so-called Polish school of poetry, the ideas activated in South African culture as a result of the transnational relationship with Poland will be identified and discussed.

The writings of George Finlay are usually viewed through the lenses of philhellenism and the Greek Revolution. This work seeks instead to locate them in the transnational intellectual canvas of the nineteenth century, principally in relation to the writings of George Bancroft, in whose 'History of the United States' Finlay left extensive marginalia. Finlay's comments on Bancroft's work exemplify two disparate styles of historiography in the period. This study attributes such a divide to Finlay's and Bancroft's divergent worldviews, conflicting methodologies and contrasting motivations as historians working on either side of the Atlantic in the Age of Revolutions. The analysis of the dialogical exchange between the two scholars has much to contribute towards a global history of historical thought during a liminal period for history as a discipline. Finlay's annotations offer much for our understanding of Bancroft's reception outside of the United States, especially in 'peripheral' regions like the Eastern Mediterranean that are often overlooked when studying intellectual exchanges between Europe and America. Further, owing to the connection that he draws between national institutions and the writing of history, Finlay's marginalia give a clear indication of his vision for the optimal socio-political organisation of post-revolutionary states like the United States and the Kingdom of Greece. In this article, I suggest that Finlay's work was thus essentially didactic in contrast to Bancroft's teleological method of historical enquiry, giving greater insight into the different methods and purposes of historical writing in the nineteenth century.

This book review examines Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed, highlighting his transformative pedagogical concepts such as co-learning, dialogics, and cultural synthesis, fostering critical consciousness. Freire's model of humanizing literacy seeks to restore learners' dignity, creativity and autonomy. The review highlights the relevance of Freire's educational insights, which empower individuals by freeing them from ‗intellectual tutelage' and fostering critical consciousness. Doing so, it reveals his critique of the traditional banking model of education, which sustains intellectual domination, underscoring his new pedagogical insight of collaborative learning for fostering selfawakening among learners, that transcends class and gender divide. Reconsidering a stratified global society, the study, after a close reading, foregrounds Freire's take on dialogics and cultural inclusion as a part of liberating humanity from the ideological incarceration of the oppressor. It also showcases the critique of the political structures that cultivate docile citizens, disseminating oppressor's ideology through literacy policy that forbids their critical consciousness. Finally, the review affirms the ongoing relevance of Freire's work in resisting dehumanizing literacy policies and promoting emancipatory education in modern contexts.

Latina (CTAL) desde su fundación en 1938 basó su acción en la lucha anti-imperialista. Primero, resultado de un continente expoliado por la economía de Estados Unidos y posteriormente por la hegemonía que Europa y Estados Unidos tenían sobre los mercados y territorios en África y Asia. En plena posguerra, la CTAL tuvo un marcado discurso anti-imperialista y estableció alianzas solidarias y acciones sindicales que la comprometieron en apoyar a realidades tan distantes y culturalmente diversas, porque se sentían parte de una misma historia de dependencia, postergación y exclusiones que debían modificar para avanzar en la construcción de naciones autónomas. Este artículo recoge reuniones entre dirigentes de diferentes continentes, que han dejado testimonios en cartas, artículos en revistas y periódicos, actas de congresos y organizaciones obreras que a través de la CTAL o la Federación Sindical Mundial difundieron sus convicciones o luchas sindicales y políticas para erradicar el imperialismo de América, África y Asia. Palabras clave: CTAL, FSM, movimiento obrero, postguerra, anti-imperialismo, guerra fría. * El presente artículo es parte del Fondecyt Regular N°1210448, financiado por la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile, del cual el autor es investigador responsable.

Ez a tanulmány egy most készülő könyv részlete a 17. és 18. században spanyol Amerikában tevékenykedő magyar (összefoglaló latin nevén "hungaricus" 1) misszionáriusokról. Jóllehet, mint idővel kiderült, Asperger valószínűleg nem magyar volt, hanem osztrák, megtartottam őt a magyar misszionáriusok között, melynek okát később magyarázom meg. A magyar misszionáriusokkal, mint kutatási témával, már évek óta foglalkozom, és az itt kiadásra kerülő tanulmány is ennek eredménye. A magyar misszionáriusok közé általában azokat a jezsuitákat sorolom, akik a történelmi Magyar Királyság határain belül születtek, nem pedig etnikai hovatartozásukat vizsgálom. Ennek módszertani jelentőségét és okait a könyv ismerteti, ez a tanulmány nem foglalkozik vele. Asperger személye nagyon érdekes és sokoldalú. A róla szóló kutatások sok ellentmondásos adatot tartalmaznak, és leginkább orvosi és gyógyszerészi pályafutását vizsgálják a gyarmati Paraguay társadalmi életében. Ennek a tanulmánynak a célja ezt a képet kicsit kibővíteni és színesebbé tenni 2 .

Radio affects most people intimately, person-to-person, offering a world of unspoken communication between writer-speaker and the listener. That is the immediate aspect of radio. A private experience." (Marshal McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extension of Man) As far back as I can remember, the radio has played an important role in my life. My earliest recollection is that of a boy in greater Boston sitting on the floor listening to a large family radio during the so-called Golden Age of Radio. There were adventure and detective stories to be heard, comedy shows to laugh at, news, documentaries, and music. In the mid-1950s, I heard rock-and-roll music for the first time over the radio on the Arnie ("Woo-Woo") Ginsburg show called "The Night Train." I first learned a little about Radio Free Europe in advertisements from the Crusade for Freedom that were broadcast over the radio and from those advertisements printed in newspapers, magazines, and posted in subway cars in Boston.

Siglo XIX hispanoamericano. Siglo denso, pesado, pleno de horizontes y de desafíos. Momento de construcción de permanencias, de definición de supuestos unificadores. La palabra supuestamente independiente se traslada y se regocija a lo largo y ancho de la región. Ella delimita, cohesiona, por veces espanta. Las palabras -en plural-van presagiando la unidad. El principio de unidad permanece, parece fijo, constante; sin embargo, se descompone para construir eso que uno llama "objeto intelectual". Y poder ensayar trabajos como éste. La unidad es un sueño, por supuesto, pero también es una convicción, una tendencia. Sin unidad no habrá nación. Sin nación no se sedimenta la civilización. Desde aquel entonces en los rostros de las diferentes antiguas colonias hispánicas se puede leer la formación de lo nuevo, la emergencia de eso que puede llamarse "actualidad". Acaso las naciones hispanoamericanas no necesitaron de la imprenta o del desarrollo del capitalismo para imaginarse como unidad 1 . En casi toda la América española la imprenta llega en un momento estelar: cuando están dadas las condiciones para romper el nexo colonial. Ni un día antes, ni un día después, Es más, la imprenta es traída por los llamados "Precursores", quienes ya presagiaban la raíz y el rostro de los independentistas, ergo de la 1 Esta es la muy famosa y no menos manoseada tesis de Benedict Anderson para explicar el surgimiento de las naciones modernas, en Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origins and the Spread of Nationalism. Londres: Verso, 1991 (1983).

Prostitution and drunkenness are considered interrelated because prostitution is always used as a space for indulging in drinking liquor. However, from the earliest times, several pieces of evidence dealt with the topic of prostitutes in her old days involved in the liquor business. These practices were widespread during the late nineteenth century in colonial Bengal. However, such practices demoralised social values in both Indian and European society. But the Britishers never really paid heed to such things, and they promoted the practice of prostitution. The morality of Bengal was very much altered and shaped by the so-called superior culture of the Britishers. The British culture always promoted drinking. Such vices severely hampered the concept of morality in colonial Bengal. However, time and again, several social reformists protested against such implementations. But they failed to uproot the social evil in totality. It would be worthwhile to mention that the British government made no such attempt to close the brothels when sexually transmitted diseases were increasing among foreigners and the natives of our country. In place, they introduced several acts, which proved futile. Hence, the interaction with the British culture altered and created a new sense of morality in colonial Bengal.

Martínez Hernández, Santiago (ed.), Nobleza(s). Nuevos estudios sobre las élites ibéricas de la Edad Moderna, Valencia, Editorial Pre-Textos, 2025, pp. 119-168.
https://pre-textos.com/producto/noblezas-nuevos-estudios-sobre-las-elites-ibericas-de-la-edad-moderna/