Metro and Subway Systems

Rapid urbanization and growing infrastructure can influence the phenomenon of land subsidence. With its booming population, Istanbul, the megacity of Turkey, has concentrated on establishing new transportation services, which include the construction of new metro lines or the expansion of existing ones. Nonetheless, the operating metro lines may be compromised by land subsidence, potentially leading to infrastructural damage. Terrestrial methods, including GNSS surveying and levelling, have traditionally been utilized for monitoring ground subsidence in urban areas. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology has become an indispensable instrument for the detection and monitoring of ground motions over extended periods, particularly across vast regions. In this context, the multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) approach, specifically the small baseline subset (SBAS) method, is commonly used over various fields of research. This study focuses on Istanbul, a megacity in Turkey characterized by a burgeoning population and swift urbanization, to assess the risk of land subsidence along metro lines. For this purpose, the M1A Yenikapı-Atatürk Airport metro line was selected, and a total of 62 Sentinel-1A Single Look Complex (SLC) images, acquired between April 1, 2023, and April 2, 2025, were utilized to perform SBAS-InSAR time series analysis for assessing land subsidence risk along the metro corridor. As a result, the average deformation velocity and the cumulative deformation values were obtained in the satellite line-of-sight (LOS) direction. Maps of average LOS deformation velocity and cumulative LOS deformation were produced for the linear SBAS displacement model, exhibiting values between -57.32 mm/year and 24.03 mm/year, and -111.20 mm and 65.5 mm, respectively. In addition, the 500 m buffer analysis indicated average deformation velocities ranging from -23.60 mm/year to 12.46 mm/year, and cumulative deformation values ranging from -43.70 mm to 27.40 mm.

هلاقم تاعلاطا هدیکچ لماک یشهوژپ هلاقم :تفایرد 03 دادرخ 1396 :شریذپ 11 ریت 1396 :تیاس رد هئارا 14 م دادر 1396 نیا تلاوصحم .دراد یگنررپ شقن نامتخاس و ینیچ ،کیمارس دننام یرایسب عیانص رد هک تسا یژرنا فرصمرپ یاهدنیارف زا یکی ندش کشخ یم ندش کشخ دنیارف رد لوصحم تخاونکیریغ لکش رییغت .تسا هدیچیپ یدعب هس هسدنه یاراد بلغا عیانص لباقریغ و کرت داجیا ببس دناوت صحم ندوب هدافتسا هار کی یبوانت ندرک کشخ .دوش هدش کشخ تلاو هدش کشخ تاعطق تیفیک و ندش کشخ کیتنیس دوبهب یارب رثؤم راک .تسا شلاچ بوانت هنماد و هرود ،بوانت عورش نامز نییعت هرود ریثأت یسررب هلاقم نیا فده .تسا یبوانت ندش کشخ دنیارف رد یلصا یاه یبوانت ندش کشخ رد امد رییغت بوانت شنت و ندش کشخ کیتنیس رب یسر ریمخ هتسویپ تلاح رد ندش کشخ دنیارف .تسا ندش کشخ یاه لدم یدعب هس تروص هب یبوانت و هیبش دودحم ناملا شور کمک هب و یزاس شنت .تسا هدش یزاس رارق هسیاقم دروم یتبوطر و یترارح یاه هیبش و یبرجت ددعتم یاهریغتم بسانم تقباطم .تسا هتفرگ یزاس ناشن تحص هدنهد هدش هئارا لدم طسوت ندش کشخ دنیارف لماک کرد و .تسا هیبش جیاتن یم ناشن یزاس هک دهد شنت رب تدش هب بوانت سناکر...

L’intervento di introduzione alla sessione esplora il ruolo delle infrastrutture di mobilità come spazi in cui la dimensione estetica si intreccia con valori sociali, politici e culturali. Dall’Orient Express e dai transatlantici tra le due guerre – spazi semi-pubblici concepiti per un’élite borghese – alle metropolitane sovietiche, emblema di un “lusso collettivo” che coniugava estetica, etica e propaganda politica, fino alle recenti esperienze urbane in Europa, il trasporto assume una valenza che travalica l’efficienza tecnica per incidere sull’immaginario e sull’identità collettiva.
In questo quadro, il caso della Linea 1 della metropolitana di Napoli rappresenta un laboratorio esemplare: le Stazioni dell’Arte, tutte diverse tra loro e firmate da architetti e artisti di rilievo internazionale, configurano un vero e proprio museo diffuso di architettura e arte contemporanea. Esse agiscono come landmark urbani e dispositivi di rigenerazione simbolica, attribuendo al mezzo pubblico una missione estetica e sociale che si intreccia con le dinamiche di patrimonializzazione, turistificazione e mercificazione tipiche della città contemporanea.
L’intervento propone quindi una riflessione comparativa sul rapporto tra etica ed estetica nel trasporto pubblico, analizzando i rischi e le potenzialità di un modello in cui la bellezza, spesso elevata a predominante criterio di governo urbano, può tanto rafforzare quanto oscurare la funzione primaria dell’infrastruttura.

O estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca da problemática de transtornos mantais mais frequentes em enfermeiros cuidadores de doentes crônicos, incluindo estudos em língua portuguesa ou realizados em países lusófonos no período de 2001 a 2011, tendo em vista o crescimento do número de doentes crônicos e os riscos de adoecimento psíquico de enfermeiros que têm na vinculação afetiva do cuidar uma importante dimensão de seu trabalho. Palavras-chave: Transtornos mentais, cuidadores de doentes, adoecimento psíquico.

This study examines the physical, social, and temporal dimensions that affect Iranian women's perceptions of safety during travel on public transit. We employ both primary and secondary data: a survey of 680 female users of the Shiraz subway and GIS shapefiles. Our Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) explains 34.4 % of the variance in perceived safety. We find that constructs such as access, demographics, design, and surveillance have a direct effect on perceived safety, whereas the effect of timing is only indirect. The effect of surveillance measures, such as CCTV cameras, police officers, and lighting, is the most influential, explaining 43 % of the variance in perceived safety. This suggests that, in the case of Shiraz, enhancing these measures may be a particularly effective strategy to boost safety perceptions among female passengers. However, we acknowledge that excessive surveillance can backfire and may also be objectionable on ethical grounds. Beyond infrastructure measures, the real challenge is to cultivate a feeling of collective responsibility for women's and girls' safety and empower female riders to confront and report perpetrators. ☆ This article is part of a Special issue entitled: 'Gender gap in mobility' published in Journal of Transport Geography.

This study examines the physical, social, and temporal dimensions that affect Iranian women's perceptions of safety during travel on public transit. We employ both primary and secondary data: a survey of 680 female users of the Shiraz subway and GIS shapefiles. Our Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) explains 34.4% of the variance in perceived safety. We find that constructs such as access, demographics, design, and surveillance have a direct effect on perceived safety, whereas the effect of timing is only indirect. The effect of surveillance measures, such as CCTV cameras, police officers, and lighting, is the most influential, explaining 43% of the variance in perceived safety. This suggests that, in the case of Shiraz, enhancing these measures may be a particularly effective strategy to boost safety perceptions among female passengers. However, we acknowledge that excessive surveillance can backfire and may also be objectionable on ethical grounds. Beyond infrastructure measures, the real challenge is to cultivate a feeling of collective responsibility for women's and girls' safety and empower female riders to confront and report perpetrators.

Una investigación conjunta, realizada durante la pandemia de COVID-19 que narra la manera en la que el comercio popular y el feminismo se encontraron en la experiencia de las tendidas feministas. Un hecho que modificó la gobernanza del comercio popular en el subterráneo con implicaciones sociopolíticas en la gobernanza del comercio popular actual.

There is an imminent relation between transport, sustainable urban planning and the global ecological crisis. Additionally, an academic trend can be observed towards the decolonisation of knowledge. Within this context, work remains regarding the praxis of knowledge from the Global South, especially regarding transport. This article addresses the gap by drawing on results of an interdisciplinary workshop that centred on transport, was held in a university of the Global South, and included students from the Global North. First, an overview of Ecuador and the rights of Mother Earth is given. Second, transport in the capital city, Quito, is summarised. Third, the parish of Nayón in the suburbs is described, which was the intervention area for the workshop. The design and results of the workshop are described, whereby the conclusions related to the objective of this study are drawn. Whilst no claim can be made to have solved the problem of decolonisation and the global ecological crisis, a meaningful step forward was made. This highlights the importance of education and collaborative knowledge creation between the Global South and North for advancing sustainable transport within planetary boundaries.

The Kolkata Metro, India’s first rapid transit system, embodies a century-long saga of ambition, struggle, and achievement. Conceived in 1919 under British colonial rule as a bold plan to rival London’s Underground, the project lay dormant for decades until post-independence pressures of urban congestion revived its urgency. Political will, global collaborations, and indigenous ingenuity eventually transformed the dream into reality, with the inaugural line opening in 1984. Since then, the Metro has steadily expanded, overcoming financial crises, engineering challenges, and political turmoil, to emerge as a modern marvel of urban mobility. Landmark milestones include the 2024 completion of India’s first underwater metro tunnel beneath the Hooghly River and the 2025 extensions linking the city’s airport, business hubs, and residential corridors. Today, spanning nearly 74 km and serving over 650,000 daily passengers, the Kolkata Metro stands not merely as a mode of transport but as a symbol of resilience, innovation, and continuity—bridging colonial visions with contemporary aspirations, and shaping the future of urban transit across India.

This article critically examines the use of facial recognition technologies in Brazil and the United Kingdom, focusing on regulation and the impact on fundamental rights. The objective is to compare legal frameworks, institutional practices, and control models of these technologies in both countries. Using a genealogical-critical method, combined with documentary research and comparative analysis, the study reveals that while the UK has more consolidated regulatory guidelines, Brazil presents a fragmented and unregulated scenario, marked by significant private sector involvement and a lack of transparency. It concludes that the diffusion of surveillance and riskbased technopolitics pose urgent challenges to the protection of civil rights.

KEYWORDS: Procedural Penal Law – Critical Theory – Facial Recognition - Artificial Inteligence.

Conocí del Metro, como otros, desde los años setenta. Sin embargo, en los ochenta, por economistas amigos que habían trabajado en el proyecto desde sus inicios, y por familiares que en los 80's y 90's ya trabajaban allí, incluso en cargos profesionales de relevancia, pude conocer detalles y procesos particulares. Vi también, como otros, su proceso de deterioro en años, décadas y administraciones variadas, que se acumuló y produjo la disminución en la calidad de su servicio. Cosa que también he conocido en detalle como usuario, pues he tenido vehículo, pero soy un citadino empedernido, de esos que se maravillan y les gusta el transporte en sistemas metros y ferrocarriles por la ventaja y el contacto urbano. Siempre recuerdo la expresión de José Vicente R. Cuando le pidieron un reconocimiento al gobierno de Luis Herrera y dijo: "El Metro". Como nuestro interés es el consenso y el país y, como en años y lustros previos, escribí unas dos o tres veces sobre el deterioro que observaba en tal sistema, hoy día quiero resaltar sin ninguna mezquindad, lo que aprecio como una recuperación en marcha, a manera de una expresión para una de mis hijas, entre otros familiares, que laboraron allí con esmero profesional y voluntad ciudadana. Varias como las siguientes, observamos hoy, como mejoras y puntos de lo que ojalá y sea un proceso de recuperación creciente del Sistema Metro. Del cual debe decirse que la 1

Metro station construction together with excavation works show substantial complexity due to the comprehensive planning requirements and coordination of resources and detailed safety protocols. Project execution difficulties lead to time delays as well as budget surges and reduced standards of finish. The research assesses how Lean Construction principles together with the Last Planner System (LPS) have become more significant for solving current project challenges. Lean Construction emerged from Toyota Production System (TPS) origins before adaptation in construction activities led to Last Planner System development as a collaborative planning tool. The study investigates how metro excavation projects benefit from applying three basic Lean principles which embrace waste elimination together with pull planning systems alongside continuous improvement methods. The document investigates the benefits of bringing BIM technology into partnership with LPS and Lean methods to achieve increased coordination and operational efficiency. The results indicate that Lean Construction together with LPS demonstrate major positive effects on project scheduling combined with resource management while simultaneously improving workplace safety and increasing stakeholder involvement. The study provides actionable recommendations and research opportunities for contractors and project managers together with urban planners to enhance Lean implementation in complex infrastructure projects.

Being one of the world’s most earthquake-prone countries, Iran has suffered thousands of lives lost in earthquakes throughout the past decades. The metallic yielding damper is a specific kind of passive structural control device that has shown effective behavior in past earthquakes. In this paper, a new metallic yielding damper made of a number of hourglass shape pins (HSP) for enhancing the seismic behavior of building structures is proposed and has been experimentally evaluated under monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loading. The specimens were subjected to drift levels beyond the expected design ones to identify their complete behavior and all possible failure modes. The main feature of the proposed damper is replaceable hourglass shape pins (HSP) fuse. For this purpose, conventional reinforcing steel bars in construction practice have been shaped by a lathe machine in the form of hourglass pins. These hourglass pins dissipate energy mostly through flexural and tensile mechanisms when subjected to inelastic cyclic deformation and can be replaced easily in case of failure after severe earthquakes. Moreover, this damper is economical, easy to install, and built with no special fabrication technique. The hysteresis behavior and other important parameters of the damper, such as capacity of energy dissipation, effective stiffness, and equivalent damping, and the effect of how the HSP is connected to its supporting plates (welding or connection by utilizing nuts) on these behaviors have been studied through laboratory tests. A simplified analytical procedure using plastic analysis and simple rules of mechanics of solids was found to accurately predict the HSP behavior and was found to be consistent with experimental results. The experimental results indicate that the bars successfully performed their function as energy absorbers and fuses in all specimens, but the way HSP is connected to supporting plates can greatly affect its behavior. In the case of nut connection, a significant amount of pinching was observed in hysteresis loops which is the result of residual displacements between HSP and supporting plates and welding the bars to plates seems to solve this problem, resulting in fat and sustainable hysteresis loop without any significant strength and stiffness degradation and good energy dissipation capacity (with respect to HSP’s low weight) of the purposed damper was reached. Although both types of connections have shown acceptable behavior throughout cyclic loading, total energy absorption capacity and equivalent viscous damping in welded connections in comparison with the nut connection have been improved by 91 and 53 percent, respectively.

Keywords:
Metallic yield damper  hysteresis behavior  hourglass pin  experimental study  nonlinear behavior

This article describes the evolution of the concept of the prison in the texts of Victor Pelevin. The prison image changes throughout the author's works, and the article compares his early stories The Yellow Arrow and Hermit and Six-Toes with his later story Stolypin. The article describes the evolution of the paired heroes as well of the stories: the student and the teacher. Using the evolution of the heroes as a model, the article shows how in Pelevin's early stories the prison becomes a place from which one can escape, a metaphor for Soviet and post-Soviet society of the 90s, and the heroes of early Pelevin are able to escape with the help of their connection to culture and clues scattered in the surrounding world. The heroes of the story Stolypin -oligarchs, in spite of staying within the same student-teacher paradigm, represent a deconstruction of their predecessors, devoid of any interests other than mercantile ones, and in many ways parody the heroes of The Yellow Arrow and Hermit and the Six-Toes. The image of the prison wagon from the story Stolypin is a metaphor for modern Russia.

The biggest city of Vietnam is Hochiminh city. Estimated population for the 2020 years will be 10 millions in Hochiminh City. Nowadays, problems in urban transportation are congestion in the peak hours, smoke and air pollutants, traffic accident... In the next years, the public transport is expected to play a bigger role in meeting intra-city travel of the people. It is targeted to ensure urban environment and to build a civilized and modern city. The estimated development of bus system can meet only one part of the future travel demands. It is necessary to develop Metro lines in Hochiminh city. There some studies in this field.

The relevance of the article is due to the increasing inter-est in works focusing on the pedagogy of cooperation as a modern form of relationship, both in higher education in general and in a technical university in particular. The roots of the pedagogy of cooperation could be traced back to ancient times, finding development and continu-ation in the ideas of innovative teachers of the Soviet pe-riod. The article considers modern trends in the peda-gogy of cooperation as a form of modern education in the engineering sciences field. With all the merit of V.N. Obrastsov’s scientific legacy as well as his expertise in professional training for the transport industry, there is practically no theoretical and practical researches on his pedagogical approach to educating transport engineering specialists. The purpose of the study is to analyze the sci-entific and pedagogical heritage and the ways of cooper-ation pedagogy implementation in V.N. Obraztsov’s pro-fessional activities and work. An important trajectory of the research is studying, preserving, and applying his pedagogical traditions and educational practices. The purpose of the study required embracing the entire spec-trum of V.N. Obraztsov’s scientific heritage and works de-voted to his activities. It includes examining the main ap-proaches to conveying technical knowledge, analyzing the concept of «pedagogy of cooperation» in Russian and foreign academic literature, and developing the princi-ples of linkage between V.N. Obraztsov’s pedagogical practice and the pedagogical cooperation concept. The article uses the following research methods: theoretical analysis of literature, historical and comparative meth-ods, generalization, and data systematization. The article considers key features of V.N. Obraztsov’s pedagogical practice, such as providing and distributing technical knowledge, the main approaches to pedagogy coopera-tion, and educational models based on this concept. The authors conclude that person-to-person relations based on students’ expanded autonomy contribute to the effi-cient dissemination of technical knowledge and its devel-opment in new directions. The practical significance of the study is its pedagogical application in different forms of educational activities in a technical university, both in teaching foreign languages and other disciplines. The re-sults of the research may be interesting for educators and instructors, scientists and practitioners, as well as a wide range of persons interested in the interconnection of «teacher-student». The study of the scientific and peda-gogical heritage of academician V.N. Obraztsov con-firmed the theoretical value of his works and opened new prospects for the development of higher engineering ed-ucation in Russia.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена возрастающим в образовании интересом к работам, фокусирующимся на педагогике сотрудничества как современной форме взаимоотношения в высшей школе в целом и в техниче-ском вузе в частности. Педагогика сотрудничества, истоки которой прослеживаются с античных времен, а также в идеях педагогов-новаторов советского периода, отвечает потребностям инженерного высшего образования. При всей значимости заслуг В. Н. Образцова в научно-техниче-ской области и профессиональной подготовке кадров для транспортной отрасли практически нет исследований теоретико-прикладного характера, особенно в изучении авторского педагогического подхода к формированию инженеров-транспортников, к воспитанию специалистов в этой области. Целью исследования является осмысле-ние научно-педагогического наследия академика и осо-бенности реализации педагогики сотрудничества В. Н. Образцова в его профессиональной деятельности. Важной траекторией видится изучение, сохранение и применение в образовательной практике образцовских педагогических традиций. Реализация цели исследова-ния потребовала изучения всего спектра научного насле-дия В. Н. Образцова и работ, посвященных рассмотрению его деятельности в ракурсе применения особых подхо-дов к трансляции технических знаний. В статье представ-лен анализ понятия «педагогика сотрудничества» в оте-чественной и зарубежной литературе, проведена анало-гия между принципами педагогической практики В. Н. Образцова и педагогикой сотрудничества. В работе использовались такие методы исследования, как теоре-тический анализ литературы, историко-сравнительный метод, обобщение и систематизация данных. Опреде-лены характерные черты педагогической практики В. Н. Образцова, рассмотрены основные подходы педа-гогики сотрудничества и близких к ней образовательных педагогических моделей. Авторы приходят к выводу, что субъект-субъектные отношения, основанные на большей автономности обучающихся, способствуют трансляции технических знаний и их развитию в новых направлениях. Практической значимостью исследования являются пер-спективы применения результатов при осуществлении педагогической деятельности в техническом вузе как в сфере преподавания иностранных языков, так и в органи-зации преподавания других дисциплин. Результаты ис-следования могут быть интересны преподавателям выс-шей школы, ученым и практикам, а также широкому кругу лиц, проявляющих интерес к дихотомии «препода-ватель – студент». Изучение научно-педагогического наследия академика В. Н. Образцова подтверждает науч-ную ценность его работ и открывает новые перспективы в развитии высшего инженерного образования в России.

A postsocialist, neoliberal space of reform and innovation, of projects and plans for change, the Dâmboviț a River is also a space of unbridgeable material and discursive-rhetorical fractures. The river emerges as the socialist anti-natural background for the new prospects of a capitalist re-naturalized entity: its 'deadness' necessary for the projected 'liveliness' of the future river. To understand the river as multiple we look at how it creates complex and uneven mediations between space and nature, and how environmental, political and economic transformations are intertwined with the river's history. By following the Dâmboviț a-historically, theoretically and ethnographically-as it flows through Bucharest, we (re)discover it not just as a multi-layered entity, but also the ways in which it has been framed and shaped materially and semiotically.

This work deals with the numerical (CFD) analysis of the smoke propagation during fires within closed environments. It is evaluated the capacity of the emergency ventilation system in controlling the smoke propagation and minimizing the deadly impact of an eventual fire in a wagon within the Metro de Caracas subway tunnel on the passengers safety. For the study, it was chosen the tunnel section between Teatros and Nuevo Circo subway stations, which consists of two parallel independent twin tunnels, connected through a transverse passage. The tunnels are provided by a longitudinal ventilation system, integrated by a set of reversible fans located at both ends of the tunnels. Three stages were considered in the study: (a) Model set up; (b) Mesh sensitivity analysis; (c) Validation of the physical-numerical parameters to be used in the numerical model; and (d) Simulation of fire scenarios in Metro de Caracas subway stations. Stages (b)–(c), aimed to testing and calibrating the CFD tool...

In accordance with the law, the Boston Transit Commission had to preserve extant landscapes and buildings while allowing existing transit systems to operate, all of which it attempted to prove through photographs, such as this one by an unidentified artist, titled Birdseye view of Sec.

دییامن هدافتسا لیذ ترابع زا هلاقم نیا هب عاجرا يارب : Please cite this article using: M. Mashhadi, R. Hamzeloo, J. Kadkhodapoor, Experimental study of the electrochemical corrosion rate of medical implants of titanium and stainless steel made by machining and selective laser melting under different surface conditions, Iranian Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 24-38, 2018 (in Persian) تنلپمیا ییایمیشورتکلا یگدروخ نازیم یبرجت یسررب دض دلاوف و مویناتیت یکشزپ ياه نیشام شور هب هدش هتخاس گنز توافتم یحطس طیارش رد رزیل وترپ اب یباختنا بوذ و يراک يدهشم يدهم 1 ، ول هزمح اضر 2 * ، روپادخدک داوج 3

Every day, 600 000 people travel by subway. And every day, for a few dozen minutes, these passengers breathe the underground air. Many felt agglomeration, heat, dust. Few people wondered how harmful the particles invade their lungs. In this study we determined concentrations for the particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide, as well as the level of noise from the subway. The results are worrying and shows the differences between the maximum admitted and the actual levels that lead, in time, to the illness of the human body

A systematic review of the literature on railway suicides and trespassing accidents found that despite more than 35 years of research, there is still little evidence to support the effectiveness of many prevention measures. In an effort to identify evidence-based measures to reduce railway suicide and trespass accidents, the authors reviewed 139 publications on railway suicide or trespass published between 1978 and 2014. Among those, 58% addressed suicide only, 19% addressed both suicide and trespass, 17% addressed trespass only, and 6% addressed rail crossings or other types of accidents. Most of the published literature focused on both behavioral and engineering measures (53%), while fewer publications examined behavioral or engineering measures independently (28% and 19% respectively). The authors found two main strategies with empirical support from multiple studies: (1) the use of fencing and other physical barriers, and (2) appropriate media reporting on suicide to reduce contagion. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of other educational, engineering, and enforcement-based safety measures to reduce deaths associated with railway suicides and trespassing accidents.

A fiber reinforced soil behaves as a composite material in which fibers of relatively high tensile strength are embedded in a matrix of soil. Shear stresses in the soil mobilize tensile resistance in the fibers, which in turn imparts greater strength to the soil. In this paper a study on the influence of synthetic fibrous materials in improving the dynamic strength characteristics of a fine sandy soil is reported. The study is aimed at converting fibrous carpet waste into a value-added product for soil reinforcement. A series of stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on fine sand specimens reinforced with randomly distributed carpet strips. The dynamic deformation properties of the reinforced sand are defined in terms of shear modulus and damping ratio. The effects of parameters such as fiber content and aspect ratio, number of cyclic loading and the level of confining pressure on the aforesaid parameters were investigated. The results clearly indicate the increase of damping ratio of reinforced samples in different confining pressure. The increase is more pronounced in higher fiber contents and aspect ratios.

One Lincoln Street is one of the most recent buildings constructed in downtown Boston. Its structure consists of a 36-story high-rise building directly connected to a 7-story low-rise building. Its substructure has five levels of underground parking garage to accommodate 900 cars in a city where prime real estate is becoming scarce. The excavation for the underground parking garage was supported by reinforced concrete slurry walls, which also serve as the substructure's permanent walls. The stiffness of the slurry walls, together with the strut and tieback bracing system, minimized movement during excavation, which occurred in close proximity to existing buildings. Of particular interest is the northwest corner of the excavation, which was supported by an arched slurry wall, possessing a shape in plan of a quadrant of a circle with a radius of 50 feet. This paper presents key aspects of the analysis, design, construction and performance of the arched slurry wall. While the other slurry walls in the project were designed to support the 59 foot deep excavation with two levels of bracing, a remarkable feat by itself, the 3 foot thick arched slurry wall was analyzed, designed and constructed to support the excavation with no bracing. The analysis consisted of two-dimensional finite element models, modified to include the effects of three-dimensional arch action. Predicted lateral movement of the wall was minimal, having minor impact to adjacent structures, and measured inclinometer readings favorably support the predicted movements.

One Lincoln Street is one of the most recent buildings constructed in downtown Boston. Its structure consists of a 36-story high-rise building directly connected to a 7-story low-rise building. Its substructure has five levels of underground parking garage to accommodate 900 cars in a city where prime real estate is becoming scarce. The excavation for the underground parking garage was supported by reinforced concrete slurry walls, which also serve as the substructure's permanent walls. The stiffness of the slurry walls, together with the strut and tieback bracing system, minimized movement during excavation, which occurred in close proximity to existing buildings. Of particular interest is the northwest corner of the excavation, which was supported by an arched slurry wall, possessing a shape in plan of a quadrant of a circle with a radius of 50 feet. This paper presents key aspects of the analysis, design, construction and performance of the arched slurry wall. While the other slurry walls in the project were designed to support the 59 foot deep excavation with two levels of bracing, a remarkable feat by itself, the 3 foot thick arched slurry wall was analyzed, designed and constructed to support the excavation with no bracing. The analysis consisted of two-dimensional finite element models, modified to include the effects of three-dimensional arch action. Predicted lateral movement of the wall was minimal, having minor impact to adjacent structures, and measured inclinometer readings favorably support the predicted movements.

The Lodz Railway Node project in Poland involves the excavation of an approximately 2.7 km tunnel in a densely urbanised area with an earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machine (TBM) of 13.08 m in diameter. To optimise the project schedule, the TBM crossing through Polesie station with only a partially excavated face was studied, reaching approximately two-thirds of the tunnel section. Therefore, no face pressure will be applied to the natural soil, with some corresponding difficulties in properly steering the machine. The task is particularly challenging due to the diameter of the TBM, the uncertainty about the characteristics of the in-situ soil (alternating layers of clay and sand) as well as other constraints, including the slabs already in place, active dewatering operations and complicated logistics due to the reduced accessibility from the surface. The aim of this paper is to highlight the difficulties and the solutions studied for this 'hybrid' crossing, focusing on risk management aspects involving all the stakeholders (owner, designer, TBM manufacturer, operation department etc.). Finally, the difficulties in steering the TBM during the crossing and keeping the machine within the design alignment will be highlighted.

A pesar del riesgo de contagio, la etnografía describe, inspirado en el marco teórico de Georg Simmel, el mundo sensorial y afectivo con las pocas personas que permanecíamos viajando en el Metro de la Ciudad de México durante la pandemia por COVID 19.

Suicides and trespassing accidents result in more than 3800 fatalities in Europe, representing 88% of all fatalities occurring within the EU railway system. This paper presents a problem-solving model, which consists of a multistep approach structuring the analysis of a suicide or trespass-related problem on the railways. First, we present the method used to design, evaluate and improve the problem-solving model. Then we describe the model in detail: it comprises six steps with several subsequent actions, and each action is approached through a checklist of prompting questions and possible answers. At the end, we discuss the added value of this model for decision makers and its usability in the selection of optimal prevention measures.

RESUMO: Este artigo propõe-se a apresentar um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, tendo como objetivo abordar as vivências de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho de professores do ensino fundamental que atuam em uma escola situada na zona rural da cidade de Iranduba no Amazonas. A pesquisa, qualitativa, utilizou a fundamentação teórico-metodológica da psicodinâmica do trabalho, através da aplicação da clínica do trabalho stricto sensu, que tem na fala e na escuta, em sessões grupais, a principal via de acesso aos aspectos subjetivos e intersubjetivos do trabalho. Os resultados encontrados denotam que o sofrimento está relacionado principalmente ao desinteresse dos alunos, à dificuldade em abordar certas temáticas transversais e à pressão por metas de aprovação; sendo agravado pelas dificuldades presentes nas relações intersubjetivas estabelecidas entre professores/alunos e professores/pais ou responsáveis. Em contrapartida, o prazer no trabalho docente é associado à percepção de progresso alcançado pelos alunos e ao sentimento de responsabilidade por este processo. Apesar do predomínio das situações de sofrimento, as experiências que favorecem as vivências de prazer permitem aos professores atribuir um sentido para o trabalho.

The supply of high-speed train (HST) services which started in number of countries since the early 1980s is still an ambition far from realisation in the near future for many other countries. Provision of high speed trains requires the existing of certain characteristics, ...

Agradeço em primeiro lugar a Deus, pois ELE esteve ao meu lado em cada passo ao longo dessa jornada: nunca me desamparou. Nos momentos mais difíceis, tive a certeza e convicção da sua presença, o que me fez prosseguir. Toda a honra, glória e louvor seja a ELE. Sem ELE nada posso. Ao meu marido, Alexandre, companheiro de duas décadas e de muitas que ainda virão, por todo apoio, incentivo e carinho, e, especialmente, pela paciência durante as minhas ausências em virtude da realização desta dissertação. Às minhas filhas, Clara e Alice: sou imensamente grata pelo privilégio concedido por DEUS para ser mãe de vocês. Obrigada por me conceder esse "tempo de ausência" de tantas atividades das quais vocês gostariam de participar; saibam que foi por um bom motivo. Aos meus pais, pelo privilégio de conceder-me a vida e por sempre me incentivar a continuar os estudos, e ainda por me amaram de forma incondicional.

“Architetture complesse di un meticciato dello sguardo”.*  Locale e globale negli immaginari visivi delle Stazioni dell’Arte di Napoli

L’intervento intende analizzare come le Stazioni dell’arte della linea 1 della metropolitana contribuiscano, con le loro architetture e opere site-specific, alla costruzione dell’identità visiva della Napoli contemporanea. 

La nuova metropolitana, progettata a partire dalla metà degli anni Novanta, non costituisce solo la parte cruciale di un intervento di riqualificazione urbana, ma è stata interpretata come “un manifesto politico in difesa della democrazia” (Detheridge 2007, p. 40) nell’ambito del cosiddetto Rinascimento napoletano. Rigettato il modello delle stazioni standardizzate, gli architetti e gli artisti coinvolti hanno progettato luoghi unici “creati come una sorta di orchestrazione visiva” (Bonito Oliva in Detheridge 2000, p. 58), in cui “si compie il processo di connessione con il tessuto urbano che la linea incontra” (Camerlingo in La metropolitana di Napoli 2000, p. 40). Nel corso dei decennali cantieri, la percezione nazionale e internazionale di Napoli è molto cambiata divenendo, da grumo di malavita e degrado, una delle mete più visitate del turismo di massa e assurgendo a simbolo della creatività e autenticità italiane. Attraversate distrattamente da migliaia di persone e osservate soprattutto dai turisti, oggi le stazioni alimentano una peculiare immagine della città e del suo posizionamento tra locale e globale.

L’intervento si focalizzerà sull’interpretazione della connessione tra stazioni e identità locale da parte di alcuni artisti stranieri. Analizzando le stazioni di Università (2011), Toledo (2012), Garibaldi (2013) e Municipio (2015), i casi selezionati mostreranno due strategie opposte che sono state adoperate per conformare Napoli al modello della metropoli contemporanea. Da un lato, sono state adottate soluzioni estetiche che prescindono dal genius loci per creare spazi pienamente postmoderni. Dall’altro lato invece, le opere rielaborano il repertorio visivo, storico e culturale locale in forme aggiornate. I casi illustrati verranno riletti attraverso gli approcci con cui, negli ultimi venti anni, la presunta alterità o antimodernità di Napoli è stata interpretata nell’ambito degli studi postcoloniali.

*La citazione è tratta da Achille Bonito Oliva, Arte pubblica, in La metropolitana di Napoli 2000, p. 51.

Conferenza Biennale AISU Palermo 2025

Macrosessione 6. Città crocevia di idee e realizzazioni urbane; il crocevia e gli impranti preordinati nel progetto della città.

--

Macrosession 6. Cities at the crossroads of urban design ideas and realisations. Crossroads and predetermined schemes in city design.

Panel 6.18

In recent transformations of modern European cities, intra- and extra-urban transportation infrastructure is often presented as a regenerative tool for neglected areas not only through the service it provides, but also though the elevating power of its design and visual appeal. 

However, in some cases, the pursuit of aesthetic value overshadows the purpose of infrastructure, to the point that beauty becomes the main criterion by which projects are selected and judged in public debate, even when the construction fails to meet its practical function. A striking example is Santiago Calatrava's controversial Constitution Bridge in Venice, one of the city's few modern structures, yet widely contested for its excessive costs, design flaws, and poor accessibility.

In other contexts, the aesthetic quality of infrastructure is intertwined with an assumed ethical value, as if urban regeneration inherently leads to social transformation. A relevant example is Naples’s Metro Line 1 with its Art Stations, where the beautification of public transport was framed as a means of fostering civilized behavior among its users. A new mission pervades this framework: infrastructure not only transforms the space but dictates how inhabitants conform their conduct, creating new spatial expectations. In other cases, the infrastructure produced by these “regenerative” projects becomes a landmark itself, attracting visitors for its design as well as its function, as seen in the Toledo station of the Naples subway or the Hauptbahnhof in Berlin.

In this panel, we seek to explore transportation infrastructure with exceptional aesthetic impact and monumental dimension—including train and subway stations, bus stations, airports and ports, bridges, and more—in diverse global contexts, examining them from both from architectural, urbanistic, and socio-cultural perspectives. Proposals may address—among other topics and across different geographical settings—issues such as the aestheticization, touristification, and commodification of public transport; the tension between efficiency and spectacle in both design and user experience; the impact of these structures on urban identity and collective imagination; and their implications for the local social fabric.

Submissions must include an abstract (maximum 300 words) and a short bio (maximum 150 words) by May 3, 2025 through web platform https://aisuinternational.org/palermo-2025-proposta-di-paper-macrosessione-6/
[Make sure to mention that you are applying to session 6.18]

For any further details or question please email Costanza Paolillo (Università IULM/New York University) cp3014@nyu.edu and Francesca Santamaria (Centro per la Storia dell’Arte e dell’Architettura delle Città Portuali “La Capraia,” Naples)  francesca.santamaria@utdallas.edu

The Stazioni dell'Arte in Naples’ subway system represent a unique intersection of infrastructural development, architecture, and site-specific art installations. Initiated in the 1990s, this network of stations has played a pivotal role in the city’s plan for urban regeneration, where the beautification of public transport was framed as a means of fostering civilized behavior among local users. In recent years, the project has also become a key element in attracting tourists, transforming the metro system into a cultural destination in its own right. Over the decades, the stations’ rich visual apparatus has evolved alongside Naples’ evolution, shaping and reflecting its changing identity.
Acknowledging that the subway is not merely a transportation network but a complex system that influences urban planning, architectural heritage, and social dynamics, this seminar adopts a multidisciplinary approach to analyze it. Bringing together scholars from urban studies, art history, architecture, anthropology, and related fields, it examines the subway’s role in shaping Naples’ cultural identity, its impact on everyday life, and its significance as both an infrastructural and artistic landmark. Through site visits and discussions, participants will engage with the broader implications of integrating public transport with urban aesthetics and social experience.

Investigating the effect of driven length and diameter of monopile on seismic performance of offshore wind turbines through Physical Modeling
Document Type : Article

Authors

A.R. Bateni 1  M. Moradi  2
1 M.Sc., Geotechnical Eng., Faculty of Civil Eng., University of Tehran

2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Civil Eng., University of Tehran

10.24200/j30.2023.63213.3262
Abstract

Global warming and its following environmental problems have led to increased attention to the use of renewable energy sources in most countries worldwide, and wind energy has emerged as a significant contributor. The use of wind energy through offshore wind turbines is one of the clean energy harvesting methods that initially began in Europe. Due to their larger size and higher wind speeds, offshore wind turbines have gained popularity worldwide, including seismic areas such as the United States and Southeast Asia, especially China. These turbines are located in marine environments and are subject to cyclic loads caused by wind, waves, and ocean currents. Monopiles, cylindrical hollow piles with diameters ranging from 2 to 8 meters and lengths of approximately 60 meters, are widely used to install offshore wind turbines. The design regulations for these turbines often overlook influential factors such as soil-structure interaction and refer to seismic design guidelines for onshore turbines. In this research, the seismic performance of monopiles has been investigated by conducting six experiments using a shaking table in a 1g condition. The effects of driven length and monopile diameter were analyzed, along with the impact of the installation medium being either saturated or dry. Various parameters, including ground motion acceleration, displacement, and induced excess pore water pressure, were scrutinized in this study. The results indicate that the saturated environment weakens their seismic performance. Therefore, the seismic design considerations for monopiles, based on the existing guidelines for dry structures, are inadequate. Furthermore, increasing the monopile diameter by 57% causes a 24% increase in the acceleration of the superstructure, a 40% increase in the cumulative displacement, and a 30% decrease in the average maximum displacement of the cycles during loading. It was also observed that by increasing or decreasing the driven length by about 15% compared to the driven length of the base monopile, the acceleration value of the superstructure increases by more than 20%, and the cumulative displacement value decreases by about 60%. The average maximum displacement of the cycles decreases by 30%, with an increase of 33% in the driven length.
Keywords

Monopile  Offshore wind turbine  Physical Modeling  Seismic performance

The supply of high-speed train (HST) services which started in number of countries since the early 1980s is still an ambition far from realisation in the near future for many other countries. Provision of high speed trains requires the existing of certain characteristics, including high demand density which is often not granted in the domestic market alone, and consequently certain level of co-ordination and integration among neighbouring countries becomes a pre-condition for the establishment of such services with the resulting problems of operational and technical compatibility. This paper reviews the main aspects of the high-speed trains and presents the main characteristics and the requirement for the expansion of such services.

The supply of high-speed train (HST) services which started in number of countries since the early 1980s is still an ambition far from realisation in the near future for many other countries. Provision of high speed trains requires the existing of certain characteristics, ...

• The natural resources of Bangladesh are limited and include natural gas and coal. Its mining sector does not play a significant role as the country relies more on agriculture and textiles. • In 2010, the mineral sector of Bangladesh produced mainly coal, natural gas, petroleum, and granite. The country lacks metallic mineral reserves but make up for that with huge natural gas potential.

Prends soin du métro. Le contrôle-soin, forme émergente des régulations et menaces souterraines Take care of the metro. The care-control, emerging form of underground regulations and threats Cuide do metrô. O controle-cuidado, forma emergente dos regulamentos e ameaças subterrâneas

Die Bauwirtschaft gehört bis dato zu den am wenigsten von der Digitalisierung erfassten Wirtschaftszweigen. Der vermehrte Einsatz von Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Planungsbüros beschleunigt nun die Digitalisierung des Bauwesens. Dies ermöglicht den vermehrten Einsatz weiterer digitaler Tools im Bauprozess, zum Beispiel Augmented Reality (AR). Neue Tools bieten die Chance, die vorhandenen Prozesse neu zu überdenken und auf Innovations-und Effizienzpotenzial zu untersuchen. Die Autoren sehen für die Technologie AR großes Potenzial im Bauprozess. Im Forschungsprojekt AR-AQ-Bau führten sie daher eine Anwendungs-und Anforderungsanalyse für AR durch. In diesem Artikel werden einige derzeitige und mögliche Anwendungen von AR im Bauwesen sowie deren Anforderungen an AR-Hard-und Software (z. B. durch die Besonderheiten der Baustelle) dargestellt und ein Ausblick in die Zukunft gegeben. Der Anwendungsbereich von AR ist äußerst vielfältig. Einerseits kann BIM dadurch leichter auf die Baustelle übertragen und können Abnahmen und Qualitätskontrollen durchgeführt werden. Andererseits stellen ein Remote-Expert-System, Schulungen und die Unterstützung im Behördenverfahren weitere Einsatzmöglichkeiten dar.

Nowadays, there is a desire in various industries, especially in the automotive industry, to join dissimilar sheet metals in order to reduce weight. Resistance spot welding is often applied to join body parts and its strength and dimensions of the weld are important. In this research, the influence of the electrode geometry with a diameter of 20 and 50 mm on the indentation depth of the resistance welding spot in the joining of sheet steel and the magnesium alloy AZ31 was investigated. A tensile shear test was carried out to evaluate the strength of the weld. The results showed that the strength of the joint was 5000 N and the 50% reduction in indentation depth by the electrode with a geometry diameter of 50 mm with an average indentation depth of 0.6 mm on the magnesium side. The structure of the weld in this joint had three Braze, solid solution, and solder regions. Moreover, dendritic coaxial grains in the center and coaxial and columnar grains at the periphery of the spot weld were observed.

Los contratos de concesion de infraestructura tienen componentes civiles y administrativos que generan, en cuanto a responsabilidades de los concesionarios, la posibilidad de aplicar penalidades contractuales y sanciones administrativas. En el sector infraestructura de transporte, los autores plantean que existen confusiones teoricas y practicas entre estos dos institutos juridicos y plantean la posibilidad de que el marco normativo se corrija para superar tales confusiones. El analisis de estos temas se basa en la revision de diversos contratos de concesion de infraestructura de transporte publico, y en la comparacion de la regulacion de la materia en otros sectores.