Local Regulation

mahasiswa pascasarjana universitas mathla'ul Anwar Banten Tugas Mata kuliah pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan Dosen pengampu Dr. firman adi candra, S.E.,S.H.,M.H. ABSTRAK artikel ini membahas tentang sebuah peraturan undang-undang sebagai control norma hukum ( legal norm control ) atas peraturan undang-undang perda dalam suatu negara dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk pengujian internal dan pengujian eksternal atau pengawasan eksternal . di era otonomi daerah seperti saat ini ,keberadaan peraturan daerah ( PERDA ) menjadi intrumen penting dalam mendukung pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. setiap daerah diberi

Participatory programs and the transfer of the means of regulation to local populations can move local people to adopt government or development project agendas. They do not always succeed. When externally driven agendas fail to match local norms and practices, they are resisted and re-worked to accommodate local views, needs, and aspirations. In this interaction both the external agenda and local norms are contested and reconstituted in ways that follow the contours of the power asymmetries among local actors and external resource users, government agents and project managers. In the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, forestdwelling villagers constantly negotiate forest use with more powerful urban-based merchants and transhumant herders. Government and international development programs have introduced 'local conventions,' written agreements among resource users, to reduce conflict over resource-use decisions. However, despite elaboration through participatory processes these conventions impose rules of management and use that contradict local environmental subjectivities; consequently, local people resist and rework introduced rules, and thus reconstitute them as, at least partly, their own.

The objective of this dissertation is to examine the new ways of direct State intervention in the economy, especially in the domestic financial environment, which has a prevailing public bank for development-the BNDES. The work is based on the assumption that there are a variety of alternatives to institutional financial organization, which reflect the historical trajectories of the countries. It is for this reason that we can identify, for example, differences between the U.S. model and the Japanese-German model: while the former is based on the operations of the capital market, the latter deals with institutional investors and the banks. Hence, we can also recognize that the alternative institutional constituent of the national financial system takes into account state agents, their main financial players. Of them all, the BNDES is the most significant example. Thus, once established the direct intervention of the state, also called institutional regulation, as the main feature of the Brazilian model of development, the dissertation examines the changes it recently underwent. Because of a new economic paradigm, the knowledge based economy, there have been changes in the way state acts in economy. A case study shows that not only that the financing of innovation has become paramount within the BNDES agenda, but also this activity has been associated with a new rationale for intervention. Facing this new economy, the Bank operates in convergence with other financial agents, thus taking a role in inducing both emerging companies and venture capital. This finding points to two attributes that make up, thus, this new stage of direct regulation of the economy: persistence and dynamics. Persistence because despite changes resulting from a knowledge based economy, the state and, in particular the BNDES, continues to play a key role in the financing of Brazilian development, particularly in nonconsolidated and future bearing areas, as innovations. Dynamics, because the prevalence of the state agent in corporate finance is based on new tools and takes a different rationale, consistent with a privatized economy, open to international competition. That is, therefore, with the core issue of the present dissertation: the institutional regulation of a development bank within a knowledge-based economy.

The objective of this dissertation is to examine the new ways of direct State intervention in the economy, especially in the domestic financial environment, which has a prevailing public bank for development-the BNDES. The work is based on the assumption that there are a variety of alternatives to institutional financial organization, which reflect the historical trajectories of the countries. It is for this reason that we can identify, for example, differences between the U.S. model and the Japanese-German model: while the former is based on the operations of the capital market, the latter deals with institutional investors and the banks. Hence, we can also recognize that the alternative institutional constituent of the national financial system takes into account state agents, their main financial players. Of them all, the BNDES is the most significant example. Thus, once established the direct intervention of the state, also called institutional regulation, as the main feature of the Brazilian model of development, the dissertation examines the changes it recently underwent. Because of a new economic paradigm, the knowledge based economy, there have been changes in the way state acts in economy. A case study shows that not only that the financing of innovation has become paramount within the BNDES agenda, but also this activity has been associated with a new rationale for intervention. Facing this new economy, the Bank operates in convergence with other financial agents, thus taking a role in inducing both emerging companies and venture capital. This finding points to two attributes that make up, thus, this new stage of direct regulation of the economy: persistence and dynamics. Persistence because despite changes resulting from a knowledge based economy, the state and, in particular the BNDES, continues to play a key role in the financing of Brazilian development, particularly in nonconsolidated and future bearing areas, as innovations. Dynamics, because the prevalence of the state agent in corporate finance is based on new tools and takes a different rationale, consistent with a privatized economy, open to international competition. That is, therefore, with the core issue of the present dissertation: the institutional regulation of a development bank within a knowledge-based economy.

Penelitian yang dilaksanakan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi dan menganalisis proses penyusunan APBD berbasis kinerja di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambatnya. Dengan obyek penelitian proses penyusunan hingga penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat Tahun 2013-2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriftif dengan modei evaluasi CIPP dan anaiisis data diarahkan untuk: menjawab rumusan masalah, dan tidak menguji hipotesis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dengan para pelaku yang terlibat langsung dalam proses penyusunan hingga penetapan APBD, Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengamati dan mencatat fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi pada obyek penelitian, dan dokumentasi terhadap dokumen yang relefan dan terkait. Setelah data terkumpul direduksi, kemudian dilakukan penyajian data, yang selanjutnya dilakukan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian pada proses ...

Salah satu fungsi dari negara adalah mengusahakan kesejahteraan bagi para warga negaranya. Pemikiran tersebut juga serupa dan divalidasi dengan adanya konsep negara kesejahteraan (welfare state), dimana negara hadir mengorganisasi perekonomian dan mengalokasikan dana untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk implementasi dari fungsi dan konsep dari welfare state adalah hadirnya negara untuk menyediakan, mengalokasikan dan menyalurkan anggaran dana guna memenuhi akses bantuan hukum kepada warga negaranya. Karena tidak semua orang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi untuk menggunakan jasa penasihat hukum, sedangkan menghadapi permasalahan hukum adalah sebuah hal yang berpotensi terjadi kepada setiap orang tanpa terkecuali. Untuk itu penting sekali negara hadir memastikan keterpenuhan akses bantuan hukum kepada setiap orang, khususnya kepada masyarakat miskin dan rentan. Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta sebagai ibukota negara yang menyandang sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan perekonomian membuatnya menjadi daerah dengan tingkat heterogenitas yang tinggi serta padatnya penduduk dari berbagai latar belakang berdampak pada tingginya potensi kerawanan sosial dan permasalahan hukum. Sayangnya DKI Jakarta menjadi salah satu provinsi yang tidak memiliki Peraturan Daerah tentang penyelenggaran bantuan hukum kendatipun kebutuhan atas akses bantuan hukum sangatlah tinggi. Pemenuhan akses terhadap bantuan hukum seharusnya tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah pusat, namun juga pemerintah daerah.

O presente trabalho propõe um debate sobre a correlação da política green economy (vivenciada por diversos países europeus) e do modelo das “Cidades Inteligentes” com os novos parâmetros urbanos introduzidos a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988; pelas novidades expressas no Estatuto da Cidade e da ascensão municipal enquanto ente federativo. O objetivo é analisá-los partindo do pressuposto de se buscar promover o respeito à diversidade cultural, religiosa, étnica, e etc., de forma a possibilitar uma plena e harmônica convivência social partindo dos preceitos seguidos pela política urbana. Da análise será contrastado tanto o plano teórico quanto pragmático.

Today, there exists in the United States an assortment of federal, state and local laws and regulations which attempts to define and manage community noise. However, there are sometimes serious conflicts among these mandates. These conflicts may be simply differences in the sound level limits that each regulation imposes on a given source or other substantive differences. Further, various agencies often use different metrics to characterize the offending source noise. There can also be cases where multiple sources individually comply with applicable noise limits, but in combination place an unacceptable noise level burden on the community. These conflicts arise because many governing noise policies are source (emission) oriented, limiting levels at a neighboring property line. In general, community noise policy in the U.S. has had limited success in controlling specific noise sources, while failing to contain the geographic spread and associated rise in overall noise levels. Another approach is to manage the total noise environment of the receiving person. Using a noise exposure effects (immission) methodology to assess community impact may provide the tools needed to harmonize currently conflicting noise policies. It is time for a serious debate on the policy direction needed to improve our acoustical environment.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o efeito da implantação da nota fiscal de serviços eletrônica (NFS-e) sobre a arrecadação do Imposto sobre Serviços de Qualquer Natureza (ISSQN) nos municípios de médio e grande porte da Bahia. Para tanto, além do referencial teórico baseado na nova economia institucional, será mostrada a estrutura do sistema tributário municipal brasileiro, e, em particular, do Imposto Sobre Serviços, bem como a reformulação no sistema de emissão de nota fiscal com a implantação do modelo eletrônico. Como estratégia empírica, utilizou-se a análise de dados em painel, mensurando o impacto da nota eletrônica através de uma variável dummy. Observou-se que a implantação da NFS-e, além de simplificar e modernizar o recolhimento do tributo, também contribui para o aumento da arrecadação.

Policy of the Minister of the Interior removed 3,143 local regulations (PERDA) caused controversy and pros cons. Based on the provisions of Article 251 article of law No. 23 of 2014 about local governance, and the instruction of Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 582/476/sj Of Revocation/Regional Regulations, regulatory changes to the head Area and the decision of the head area that Discourages Investment and licensing Bureaucracy, Minister of the Interior seems to have Sweeping Power to remove PERDA. But if considering of other regulations; Constitution, Law on the powers of the Judiciary, mechanisms of elimination of PERDA should use judicial review. As a legal State (rechtsstaat) removal of perda should pay attention to the principle of legality and to avoid arbitrariness. The large number of deleted PERDA castrate the spirit of autonomy and decentralization of power. This article will explain the procedure for removal of Perda constitutionally and their relation to state law (reschtsstaat).

This study aims to determine the level of women's participation in the process of formulating local regulations on APBD in institutions legislative areas of Barru regency and influential factors inside it. The research method used is qualitative research by parsing the data descriptively. Data collection technique done by observation, interview, literature study, as well as documentation using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that women's participation in the process of forming Regional Regulation of Regional Budget of Fiscal Year 2017 Regency Barru start from the design stage, discussion and determination yet optimal. This is seen in the process of discussion, the liveliness of members women in following the agenda of the hearing less though the trial running according to the specified groove. In quantity on essentially the needs of women and men are certainly different, for accommodate and understand women's issues as well formulating a policy is certainly more ideally if women are more active in the formulation. Women's participation in leadership government especially in the issue of the formation of local regulations on APBD are certainly influenced by some factors that support or inhibit. Supporting factors include policies related to women's opportunities, party involvement as a means communications, patriarchal culture, and Intra-intitial communication. Factor inhibitors include the quantity of women and capability of women to be involved in the process decision-making.

This study aims to determine the level of women's participation in the process of formulating local regulations on APBD in institutions legislative areas of Barru regency and influential factors inside it. The research method used is qualitative research by parsing the data descriptively. Data collection technique done by observation, interview, literature study, as well as documentation using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that women's participation in the process of forming Regional Regulation of Regional Budget of Fiscal Year 2017 Regency Barru start from the design stage, discussion and determination yet optimal. This is seen in the process of discussion, the liveliness of members women in following the agenda of the hearing less though the trial running according to the specified groove. In quantity on essentially the needs of women and men are certainly different, for accommodate and understand women's issues as well formulating a policy is certainly more ideally if women are more active in the formulation. Women's participation in leadership government especially in the issue of the formation of local regulations on APBD are certainly influenced by some factors that support or inhibit. Supporting factors include policies related to women's opportunities, party involvement as a means communications, patriarchal culture, and Intra-intitial communication. Factor inhibitors include the quantity of women and capability of women to be involved in the process decision-making.

O presente artigo tem como escopo principal analisar o setor de saneamento básico sob uma ótica regulatória e de governança e propor uma concepção de governança regulatória, considerando os conceitos e entendimentos que a circundam. Pretende-se, assim, trazer contribuições a partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre o setor de saneamento básico, regulação, governança e governança regulatória, e, ainda, ao incitar reflexões para a melhoria das práticas de governança regulatória, haja vista a mencionada proposta. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, utilizando-se da metodologia descritiva, primeiramente, estudar o ambiente de regulação e governança do setor de saneamento básico, sob uma perspectiva internacional e também do cenário brasileiro. Após, exploraram-se os conceitos e entendimentos acerca da regulação e de governança, desde as definições tradicionais até as acepções mais modernas, propondo-se, ao fim, uma concepção de governança regulatória. Observa-se uma tendência e a necessidade de se investir esforços teórico-práticos para o aprimoramento da governança regulatória, o que perpassa a compreensão do ambiente do setor, as definições de regulação, governança e a própria concepção do que seria governança regulatória.

The authority of the regional government in carrying out its government is exercised by the principle of regional autonomy as widely as possible, the principle of being real and responsible. One of the powers that they have is the regional authority to make regulations or arrangements (regeling) of government administration in the regions. The implementation of regional autonomy is expected to be able to realize people's welfare and increase the effectiveness and efficiency of regional government. To achieve this goal the Pamekasan Regency Government has issued Regional Regulation no. 10 of 2015 concerning Legal Aid for the Community. The objective of the issuance of this regional regulation is to guarantee and fulfill the rights of legal aid recipients to gain access to justice, to realize the constitutional rights of the community in accordance with the principle of equal position in law and to ensure certainty in the implementation of legal aid. But the fact is that the imple...

Children's rights are an essential part of the human rights contained in the 1945 and the United Nations convention on the rights of the child , therefore we have to fix the whole issue of children as contained in the Convention on the right of the child which has been ratified since 1980 , based on Child Rights Convention in general, Neglected children‟s who for some reason his parents neglect and or unable to perform his duties so that a child needs both physical , spiritual and social are not met . Neglected children are children aged 5-18 years who for some reason so can not with reasonable basic needs whether physical , spiritual , and social . The purpose of this thesis namely : The First , How to setup the constitutional rights of abandoned children in the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia ,the second , how the scope of the constitutional rights of abandoned children in Indonesian , three advantages and disadvantages constitutional right settings waif in laws and...

The authority of the regional government in carrying out its government is exercised by the principle of regional autonomy as widely as possible, the principle of being real and responsible. One of the powers that they have is the regional authority to make regulations or arrangements (regeling) of government administration in the regions. The implementation of regional autonomy is expected to be able to realize people's welfare and increase the effectiveness and efficiency of regional government. To achieve this goal the Pamekasan Regency Government has issued Regional Regulation no. 10 of 2015 concerning Legal Aid for the Community. The objective of the issuance of this regional regulation is to guarantee and fulfill the rights of legal aid recipients to gain access to justice, to realize the constitutional rights of the community in accordance with the principle of equal position in law and to ensure certainty in the implementation of legal aid. But the fact is that the imple...

O objetivo do artigo é descrever e analisar o volume de recursos financeiros, proveniente do pagamento de royalties e/ou participação especial, gerados pelaprodução de petróleo e recebidos pelo Comando da Marinha, Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Ministério de Minas e Energia e Ministério de Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hídricos e da Amazônia Legal. O artigo verifica,ainda, o volume de royalties e de participação especial destinado ao Fundo Social, criado pela Lei 12.351/2010. Destaca como no período de 1999-2015, as modificações legais alteraram os destinos desses recursos financeiros entre os beneficiários enquadrados como órgãos da Administração Direta e o FundoSocial. Conclui que os resultados mostram queda significativa nas receitas percebidas pelos órgãos da Administração Pública Direta, e elevação robusta das receitas do Fundo Social.Palavras-chaves: Royalties, participação especial, órgãos da administraçãopública direta, fundo Social, dilemas entre despesas e pou...

Based on the Advocate Law, one form of legal services provided by advocates is legal aid (Article 1 number 2 of the Advocate Law). The role of OBH in providing free legal assistance (Prodeo) to people/groups who are unable to process criminal cases is also stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code. For people who cannot participate in the criminal justice system in certain cases, the officials concerned at all levels of examination are obliged to appoint legal advisers for them. This study uses normative juridical research. The type of data used in this study uses secondary data, namely data from library research. The results of this study are, in the midst of society, the less able groups are separated from the rich/capable groups. To overcome this injustice, the government seeks free legal assistance to people who cannot afford these legal services in order to achieve social justice for all Indonesian people, especially justice in the field of law. In practice, the interest of adv...

Participatory programs and the transfer of the means of regulation to local populations can move local people to adopt government or development project agendas. They do not always succeed. When externally driven agendas fail to match local norms and practices, they are resisted and reworked to accommodate local views, needs, and aspirations. In this interaction both the external agenda and local norms are contested and reconstituted in ways that follow the contours of the power asymmetries among local actors and external resource users, government agents and project managers. In the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, forestdwelling villagers constantly negotiate forest use with more powerful urban-based merchants and transhumant herders. Government and international development programs have introduced 'local conventions,' written agreements among resource users, to reduce conflict over resource-use decisions. However, despite elaboration through participatory processes these conventions impose rules of management and use that contradict local environmental subjectivities; consequently, local people resist and rework introduced rules, and thus reconstitute them as, at least partly, their own.

The obligation to provide free legal aid by advocates has been stipulated in Article 22 of Law Number 18 Year 2003 regarding Advocate. As a respectful profession (officium nobile), advocate has duty and responsibility to embody rule of law principle. Pro bono legal service is a duty of every advocate as mandated by Advocate Law. This research uses normative approach and is descriptive analysis in manner. The researchers uses library research to process the data. This research aims to analyse the implementation of pro bono legal service by advocates and bar association in Indonesia. Despite of bar association, in this regard Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia (PERADI) has established a special work unit to implement the function of pro bono legal service, Pusat Bantuan Hukum in the regions in Indonesia, However, in practice, the interest of lawyers to carry out this obligation and their reporting is still minimal. This study intends to determine the cause of the lack of interest in lawyer...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam mewujudkan keadilan bagi hak asasi manusia dan pelaksanaan bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat tidak mampu. Penelitian adalah penelitian perpaduan atau penelitian normatif empiris. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Manokwari yang memfokuskan pada Pengadilan Negeri Manokwari. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan narasumber, kemudian data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bantuan hukum merupakan salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan “access to law and justice” bagi rakyat miskin yang diberikan oleh negara atas amanat dari konstitusi sebagai hak konstitusional (constitutional rights). Peran bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam mewujudkan keadilan bagi hak asasi manusia adalah menjamin dan memenuhi hak bagi penerima bantuan hukum untuk mendapatkan akses keadilan dan mewujudkan hak konstitusional segala warga negara sesuai deng...

O debate sobre sustentabilidade local ganhou um lugar de destaque e uma importância cada vez maior, quer a nível mundial, europeu e nacional, desde a Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento em 1992, e a primeira Conferência Europeia sobre Cidades e Vilas Sustentáveis, em 1994. Atualmente, o desenvolvimento rural no âmbito da política da União Europeia é um tema muito relevante. É assim importante a aplicação de políticas, programas, estratégicas e práticas públicas que coloquem em prática o desenvolvimento sustentável a nível local. De igual forma torna-se essencial a avaliação sobre se a sustentabilidade, aos seus diversos níveis, está de facto a ser colocada em prática no município. Essa mensuração é normalmente efetuada através de sistemas de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável, pois estes são uma ferramenta útil para os municípios pela sua simplicidade, facilidade no uso e capacidade de transmissão da informação, e ainda de ferramenta de apoio ...

This study aims to analyze the position and authority as well as the function of legislative implementation of the DPRD after the cancellation of the Regional Regulation by the Minister of Home Affairs, and to analyze the legality of the cancellation in the Regional Regulation in Indonesia. The approach used by the author is the normative juridical approach. Normative research is a legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary. The research focuses on the analysis of the authority position of the DPRD and the Minister of Home Affairs in the annulment of the regional regulation as a representation of the people and analyzes the juridical power of the Minister of Home Affairs Decree in annulment, especially with the existing hierarchy of laws. The Regional House of Representatives and the Minister of Home Affairs with the authority to administer the Regional Government shall have a representation of the people's representation as regulated by the Law. DPRD a...

The English lawyer has been notoriously unwilling to admit the relevance of social sciences to his discipline. In part, this may be attributed to his lack of formal training in economics or sociology. As regards the latter, there are some signs of the handicap being overcome: much current research effort is now being directed to the interpretation of law and the legal system as social phenomena. But the application of economic reasoning to legal instruments and institutions has been limited and tentative. Although it has long been recognised that a marriage of the two disciplines is necessary for the procreation of effective norms in areas where the law clearly governs economic activities, for example, the regulation of trade and income redistribution, so far, in this country at least, creative thinking about central legal institutions such as tort, contract, property and crime has remained relatively untouched by such a mode of analysis. Yet, as Americans have demonstrated, there i...

The Theoretical Background of Local Sport Policy in Hungary: Sport Concepts of Hungarian Cities of County RankIn line with international trends, we could also observe in Hungary beginning in the late 1990s increasing attention given by local governments to sports. Hungarian provisions of law related to sports (including, in particular, Act I of 2004 on sports) put local governments in charge of some very important tasks. Among other things, local governments were to determine the local concept of sports development and to ensure its implementation, cooperate with local sports organizations and sports associations, and as owners maintain and operate the sports facilities. In light of the above facts, the study analyzes the sport concepts adopted by the local governments of the Hungarian cities of county rank and tries to find the answers to the following questions: 1. To what extent are the documents concerned in accordance with the requirements usually drafted for the development co...

The authority of the regional government in carrying out its government is exercised by the principle of regional autonomy as widely as possible, the principle of being real and responsible. One of the powers that they have is the regional authority to make regulations or arrangements (regeling) of government administration in the regions. The implementation of regional autonomy is expected to be able to realize people's welfare and increase the effectiveness and efficiency of regional government. To achieve this goal the Pamekasan Regency Government has issued Regional Regulation no. 10 of 2015 concerning Legal Aid for the Community. The objective of the issuance of this regional regulation is to guarantee and fulfill the rights of legal aid recipients to gain access to justice, to realize the constitutional rights of the community in accordance with the principle of equal position in law and to ensure certainty in the implementation of legal aid. But the fact is that the imple...

The  political  cost-effectiveness  of  blame-shifting  strategies,  which  produces  incentives  for  low-quality  policy  responses  and  creates  a  democratic  accountability  problem,  becomes  particularly  apparent  in  the  context  of  urban  tragedies  such  as  the  one  involving  Wilton  Paes  de  Almeida,  a  low-income residential building in São Paulo owned by the federal government and occupied by a low-income population. We seek to respond to the question of whether Brazil’s model  of  federalism  requires  institutional  reform  in  order  to  address  the  blame-shifting problem using the Wilton Paes de Almeida tragedy as a case study. First, we  ask  to  what  extent  one can  expect  blame-shifting  strategies  to  be  ultimately  corrected  by  what  we  call  the  “regulation”  of  Brazilian  federalism  through litigation.  Second,  we  investigate  whether  institutional  reform  risks  reducing  current  levels  of  democratic  accountability  by  altering  a  desirable  institutional  framework,  where  citizens  can  turn  to  more  than  one  level  of  government  to  address  problems.  We  conclude  that  the  institutional  reform  of  Brazil’s  model  of  federalism should be on the table.

Di Indonesia terdapat berbagai jenis peraturan perundang-undangan, yang hierarki, kewenangan pembentukannya, dan isi materinya juga berbeda-beda. Pasal 155 ayat 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah yang menyebutkan bahwa tarif retribusi yang telah diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah, perubahannya diatur dengan Peraturan Kepala Daerah atau Peraturan Walikota, menjadi objek penelitian ini karena suatu unsur yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan yang menyatakan bahwa suatu materi yang menurut ketentuannya harus diatur dengan undang-undang tertentu, tidak dapat dan tidak dapat dibenarkan untuk diatur dengan jenis atau bentuk peraturan lain

Drought stress is a major factor limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation (NF) in soybean crop production. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in this inhibition are still controversial. Soybean plants were symbiotically grown in a split-root system (SRS), which allowed for half of the root system to be irrigated at field capacity while the other half remained water deprived. NF declined in the water-deprived root system while nitrogenase activity was maintained at control values in the well-watered half. Concomitantly, amino acids and ureides accumulated in the water-deprived belowground organs regardless of transpiration rates. Ureide accumulation was found to be related to the decline in their degradation activities rather than increased biosynthesis. Finally, proteomic analysis suggests that plant carbon metabolism, protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and cell growth are among the processes most altered in soybean nodules under drought stress. Results presented here support the hypothesis of a local regulation of NF taking place in soybean and downplay the role of ureides in the inhibition of NF.

The Constitutional Court Decision No. 88/PUU-XIV/2016 grants a possibility for a woman to be a candidate for Governor and Vice-Governor in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. As the only province in Indonesia where the executive leaders are only able from the royal family of the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the decision then triggers a polemic among people in the region. This is due to the current governor, Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X, does not have a son as his successor to the throne. Thus, this paper reveals institutional disputes’ settlement mechanism in the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Sultanate if any disputes ever appear. The outcome finds that the Sultanate has yet clear mechanism of dispute settlement among the royal family and no official institution which possesses authority to settle royal disputes. Insofar, the Sultanate has had a customary law or paugeran adat in which a female figure might taking the throne to be the Sultanah and the governor of the province. Nevertheless, ...

Indonesia is a country which implemented local autonomy and have principle refers to the power of localities to legislate and regulate the behavior of residents. Based on that condition, local government has various policy matters which may cause problems in the formation of local regulation products. Until now, there are still uncertainty of standards and criteria on the establishment of Local Regulations and Local Head Regulations (governors, regents, mayors regulation) which may overlap one another and, as a result, finally revoked. This research paper is considered essential to conduct as there are numerous Local regulations with type, hierarchy, and legal substance which having technical characteristics and similarities with Local Head Regulations. In the other hand, many Local Head Regulations which should be organized in Local Regulations are somehow made in the form of Local Head Regulations. The merit of legislation principles based on law state is closely related with the formulation of local regulation products in the form of Local Regulations and Local Head Regulations. The authors discover a number of issues supporting the research objects, especially when creating the initiative Local Regulations. There were tendency of Council members to set up a technical issue in the form of Local Regulations in order that there would be no leeway to grant the authority to Local Head Regulations. Meanwhile, in other regions, there are a number of Local Head Regulations adopted into Local Regulations as their content materials are considered as the Local Regulations.

A Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), instituicao publica federal de ensino superior prestadora de servicos educacionais, passou por um processo de mudanca organizacional quando implementou novo Estatuto, o que implicou em transformacoes na estrutura organizacional. Diante desse contexto, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a relacao entre a mudanca de estrutura organizacional da UFERSA motivada pela implementacao do novo Estatuto e os servicos prestados. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo de caso qualitativo viabilizado pela coleta de dados por meio de questionarios enviados aos gestores, servidores e discentes, totalizando 239 respostas. A pesquisa documental de arquivos publicos compoe a fonte de dados secundarios obtida em documentos oficiais da universidade, a saber: portarias; Estatuto Antigo-versao 2013 e Novo Estatuto da UFERSA-versao 2016. Os dados foram examinados por meio da analise de conteudo.

Pasal 4 ayat (1) UUD Negara RI Tahun 1945 dinyatakan bahwa wewenang eksekutif ada pada Presiden. Hal ini menunjukkan salah satu ciri penting dalam pemerintahan presidensial. Kemudian Pasal 17 UUD Negara RI Tahun 1945 mempertegas hal ini dengan menetapkan bahwa presidenlah yang memilih menterimenterinya. Dalam sistem presidensial ini, kedudukan eksekutif tidak tergantung kepada badan perwakilan rakyat. Adapun dasar hukum dari kekuasaan eksekutif dikembalikan kepada pemilihan rakyat. Sebagai kepala eksekutif, Presiden menunjuk pembantu-pembantu yang akan memimpin departemennya masingmasing dan mereka hanya bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden. Permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaiamanakah Kedudukan Kementerian Negara dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentang Kementerian Negara. dan apakah Tugas dan Fungsi Kementerian Negara dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Berdasarkan UndangUndang Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentan...

Diferentes iniciativas são levadas a efeito pelo governo e o meio acadêmico, que visam à identificação de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação em Saúde e também a formação de Sistemas Locais de Inovação em Saúde. Este artigo teve por objetivo, através de um estudo multicaso, investigar como os atores de saúde do Município de Caxias do Sul interagem, se houveram inovações em suas organizações impulsionadas pelas interações e se o Sistema de Saúde de Caxias do Sul (SSCX) apresenta características de um sistema local de saúde. A análise e interpretação dos dados da pesquisa permitiram evidenciar as relações entre o grupo de atores selecionados para este estudo e apontou que os atores selecionados inovaram no período de estudo, sendo que algumas destas inovações foram impulsionadas pelas interações com os outros atores. Utilizando-se as características gerais dos sistemas locais de saúde, apontadas por Mendes (1993), realizou-se uma comparação entre o SSCX e estes sistemas, apontando que vár...

Participatory programs and the transfer of the means of regulation to local populations can move local people to adopt government or development project agendas. They do not always succeed. When externally driven agendas fail to match local norms and practices, they are resisted and reworked to accommodate local views, needs, and aspirations. In this interaction both the external agenda and local norms are contested and reconstituted in ways that follow the contours of the power asymmetries among local actors and external resource users, government agents and project managers. In the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, forestdwelling villagers constantly negotiate forest use with more powerful urban-based merchants and transhumant herders. Government and international development programs have introduced 'local conventions,' written agreements among resource users, to reduce conflict over resource-use decisions. However, despite elaboration through participatory processes these conventions impose rules of management and use that contradict local environmental subjectivities; consequently, local people resist and rework introduced rules, and thus reconstitute them as, at least partly, their own.

Participatory programs and the transfer of the means of regulation to local populations can move local people to adopt government or development project agendas. They do not always succeed. When externally driven agendas fail to match local norms and practices, they are resisted and reworked to accommodate local views, needs, and aspirations. In this interaction both the external agenda and local norms are contested and reconstituted in ways that follow the contours of the power asymmetries among local actors and external resource users, government agents and project managers. In the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, forestdwelling villagers constantly negotiate forest use with more powerful urban-based merchants and transhumant herders. Government and international development programs have introduced 'local conventions,' written agreements among resource users, to reduce conflict over resource-use decisions. However, despite elaboration through participatory processes these conventions impose rules of management and use that contradict local environmental subjectivities; consequently, local people resist and rework introduced rules, and thus reconstitute them as, at least partly, their own.

O debate sobre sustentabilidade local ganhou um lugar de destaque e uma importância cada vez maior, quer a nível mundial, europeu e nacional, desde a Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento em 1992, e a primeira Conferência Europeia sobre Cidades e Vilas Sustentáveis, em 1994. Atualmente, o desenvolvimento rural no âmbito da política da União Europeia é um tema muito relevante. É assim importante a aplicação de políticas, programas, estratégicas e práticas públicas que coloquem em prática o desenvolvimento sustentável a nível local. De igual forma torna-se essencial a avaliação sobre se a sustentabilidade, aos seus diversos níveis, está de facto a ser colocada em prática no município. Essa mensuração é normalmente efetuada através de sistemas de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável, pois estes são uma ferramenta útil para os municípios pela sua simplicidade, facilidade no uso e capacidade de transmissão da informação, e ainda de ferramenta de apoio ...

From the end of the 20 th century on, the changes that took place in the world, due to the globalization process, have produced a considerable transformation in the way that cities are being connected, establishing what is called the urban network. It involves geopolitical, socioeconomic, environmental and cultural aspects. This world wide juncture favored the local empowerment, what made the cities the space of decision making with the highest influence over the quality of life, as well as the urban infrastructure itself. The uncontrolled growth of the main urban centers brought several consequences and new challenges. The adoption of strategies and city planning have been understood as an answer to overcome the urban, rural and metropolitan issues, with all due respect to each one of these situations particular approaches, in an integrated character. The objective of this article is to discuss how possible is the development of a region based on a strategic view of each city that is part of it. The discussion of city planning and the conclusion are directly related to the metropolitan areas context, when the integration becomes a very important characteristic, once the significant interdependency among cities cannot be denied, even though the competition among them is a reality.

Participatory programs and the transfer of the means of regulation to local populations can move local people to adopt government or development project agendas. They do not always succeed. When externally driven agendas fail to match local norms and practices, they are resisted and reworked to accommodate local views, needs, and aspirations. In this interaction both the external agenda and local norms are contested and reconstituted in ways that follow the contours of the power asymmetries among local actors and external resource users, government agents and project managers. In the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, forestdwelling villagers constantly negotiate forest use with more powerful urban-based merchants and transhumant herders. Government and international development programs have introduced 'local conventions,' written agreements among resource users, to reduce conflict over resource-use decisions. However, despite elaboration through participatory processes these conventions impose rules of management and use that contradict local environmental subjectivities; consequently, local people resist and rework introduced rules, and thus reconstitute them as, at least partly, their own.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam mewujudkan keadilan bagi hak asasi manusia dan pelaksanaan bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat tidak mampu. Penelitian adalah penelitian perpaduan atau penelitian normatif empiris. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Manokwari yang memfokuskan pada Pengadilan Negeri Manokwari. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan narasumber, kemudian data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bantuan hukum merupakan salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan “access to law and justice” bagi rakyat miskin yang diberikan oleh negara atas amanat dari konstitusi sebagai hak konstitusional (constitutional rights). Peran bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam mewujudkan keadilan bagi hak asasi manusia adalah menjamin dan memenuhi hak bagi penerima bantuan hukum untuk mendapatkan akses keadilan dan mewujudkan hak konstitusional segala warga negara sesuai deng...

Scientific discussions concerning local governments are pervaded by paradigms at all times, which are questioned from time to time (paradigm crisis). As a result, participants of these discussions either defend their points, or a new paradigm appears (change in paradigm). I examine the system of local governments from this aspect. What kind of and how many paradigms characterise the system of local governments? Are these explainable by the paradigm? If not, is there another explanation? In this study, I gather all the current and emerging (perhaps former) characteristics of the local government system. In that regard, I determined the principles that, in my opinion, either apply at the level of the local government system, or they are in crisis.