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Legal Informatics

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Legal Informatics is the interdisciplinary study of the intersection between law and information technology. It encompasses the use of computational methods, data management, and information systems to analyze legal data, enhance legal practice, and improve access to legal information.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Legal Informatics is the interdisciplinary study of the intersection between law and information technology. It encompasses the use of computational methods, data management, and information systems to analyze legal data, enhance legal practice, and improve access to legal information.

Key research themes

1. How can semantic modeling and management platforms improve legal knowledge accessibility and interoperability in diverse legal document ecosystems?

This research theme addresses the challenge of managing and interlinking vast and diverse legal documents stored in heterogeneous, often unstructured formats. It explores the development of semantic-based legal document management platforms that extract, classify, and interrelate legal information to provide refined searchability and usability. This theme matters because semantic structuring enhances transparency, legal research efficiency, compliance management, and the potential for richer legal analytics, especially given the exponential growth of publicly available legal resources and the fragmentation of legal data across different jurisdictions and formats.

Key finding: Solon successfully transforms legal sources from unstructured formats (e.g., PDFs, HTML) to semantically rich, interlinked representations that capture legal document structure and semantics, allowing for fine-grained,... Read more
Key finding: This work presents a legal information platform that integrates legislative documents from multiple countries and supranational organizations, addressing complexities of multilayered, evolving legal frameworks. The platform... Read more
Key finding: HUNCOURT offers a machine-readable full-text database covering over three decades of constitutional decisions, enhanced with comprehensive metadata for advanced quantitative analysis. By surpassing limits of manual and... Read more
Key finding: The work contributes to the development of legal ontologies as foundational structures for semantic representation in legal informatics, facilitating legal text processing, entity extraction, and classification. It emphasizes... Read more
Key finding: LegiCrowd embodies a crowdsourced legal document annotation approach to move beyond static legal texts toward dynamic, semantic, and machine-readable representations. The project advances legal document management systems... Read more

2. What are the challenges and opportunities in integrating machine learning and AI within legal informatics for legal reasoning, prediction, and transparency?

This theme focuses on how AI technologies, particularly machine learning, are increasingly leveraged in legal informatics to automate tasks such as legal prediction, judgment analysis, and evidence processing. It discusses methodological challenges like the application of AI to ambiguous legal problems, the scarcity of well-structured legal datasets, and the critical need for explainable and interpretable AI to maintain transparency and trustworthiness in legal decision-making. Understanding these challenges is crucial as AI-driven tools promise enhanced efficiency but also pose risks relating to bias, accountability, and the undermining of procedural justice.

Key finding: This paper identifies AI ecosystem technologies—including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP)—as transformative for creating smart legal systems that can automate aspects of... Read more
Key finding: The chapter provides an informal introduction to machine learning and critically reviews its applications in the legal domain, including predictive justice tools like COMPAS. It highlights the advantages of machine learning... Read more
Key finding: This paper addresses skepticism in legal and forensic communities toward AI-driven digital evidence extraction, emphasizing the importance of explainability and interpretability to foster trust in AI forensic analyses. It... Read more
Key finding: This study theorizes a layered framework to approach legal reasoning in the era of big data that integrates sourcing, processing, storage, and explainable reasoning over large, heterogeneous legal datasets. It stresses the... Read more

3. How does the integration of legal informatics, digitalization, and legal tech paradigms disrupt traditional legal practice and influence the future legal profession?

This theme investigates the transformational impact of digital technologies, legal informatics, and emerging Legal Tech tools on the legal profession’s structure, workflows, and knowledge paradigms. It explores the evolution from traditional static publication and dissemination of legal information to dynamic, personalized, and automated legal communication, the associated shifts in roles and competencies for legal professionals, and the overarching socio-legal implications of this digital transition, including ethical considerations and interdisciplinary cooperation.

Key finding: The chapter critiques the existing static publication model for legal information (e.g., EU legal acts) as inefficient and unsustainable in a digitalized era. It proposes an addressee-centric, personalized publication model... Read more
Key finding: This work analyzes the emergence and differentiation of Legaltech and Lawtech concepts and their increasing adoption globally, highlighting six research streams—from computer science to legal education—that shape the ongoing... Read more
Key finding: The chapter identifies three main categories of Legal Tech—data access and processing, support-process tools, and substantive law solutions—framing how technologies like Blockchain and Smart Contracts disrupt conventional... Read more
Key finding: This historical overview contextualizes contemporary Legal Tech within over seven decades of collaboration between law and computer science, tracing key paradigms from Jurimetrics and Legal Cybernetics through Legal... Read more
Key finding: The article examines the concept of digital law and digital legal relations as emergent products of societal digitalization processes, addressing challenges in defining new legal subjects (e.g., AI systems) and objects (e.g.,... Read more

All papers in Legal Informatics

The legal profession, one of humanity's oldest and most revered disciplines, stands at the precipice of a technological revolution that promises to transform the administration of justice fundamentally in the twenty-first century. As we... more
This essay critically examines the evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in shaping legal education in Ethiopia. It explores how AI technologies—if thoughtfully integrated—can modernize traditional pedagogical approaches, enhance... more
This contribution, fitting into the broad context of international discussion, investigates the guiding principles of a regulatory nature for the use of artificial intelligence in the Federal Republic of... more
1 Postgraduate student, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Ontology and Conceptual Modeling Research Group (NEMO) Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, CT-VII, 29075-910, Vitória, Brazil E-mail: cristine.griffo@aluno.ufes.br 2 Professor, Federal... more
In 2025, financial compliance remains an expensive, slow-moving process that often fails to prevent fraud and systemic risks. This article explores how blockchain technology, coupled with algorithmic real-time regulatory enforcement... more
This research aims to define an integrated methodology for modelling judgments, starting from legal texts and capturing not only structural parts but also arguments used by judges to reach conclusions. The goal is to build a complete... more
La crescente diffusione di sistemi di Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) solleva questioni urgenti in merito alla responsabilità civile per i danni causati da errori algoritmici. Questo studio analizza la complessità del nesso di imputazione... more
Over the past several years, the wealth management landscape has undergone a transformative shift. An increasing number of technology companies, who serve as financial service aggregators, have entered the fore to claim a piece of the... more
FinTech platforms have been forced to justify the authenticity of their environmental claims. Yet, the existing auditing processes, which are overwhelmingly dominated by manual inspections and document-based verifications, have proved... more
Creder che sanza te per te contrasti Dio, Standoti ozioso e ginocchioni, Ha molti regni e molti Stati guasti. E son ben necessarie l'orazioni: E matto al tutto è quel ch'al popol vieta Le cerimonie e le sue divozioni: Perché di quelle in... more
L'intelligenza artificiale sta trasformando le indagini penali, offrendo strumenti avanzati come l'apprendimento automatico, la visione artificiale e la realtà aumentata per migliorare l'efficienza e l'efficacia investigativa. Questo... more
This article examines the legal implications of using both personal and non-personal data in the training of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing in particular on the role of international law and its interaction with domestic... more
In considerazione dell’importanza riconosciuta al Servizio Civile Universale (SCU) a vari livelli e del valore che possono assumere i progetti di SCU per le giovani e i giovani coinvolti, in questo contributo si forniscono alcuni elementi... more
SOMMARIO 1. 2024/4(1)STh Verso il regolamento UE sullo spazio europeo dei dati sanitari (European Health Data Space) -Shaira Thobani 2. 2024/4(2)TDMCDV Pubblicata in GU la direttiva (UE) 2024/2853 del 23 ottobre 2024 sulla responsabilità... more
Synthetic reasoning stands at the forefront of artificial intelligence innovation, proposing a paradigm shift through the fusion of neural networks and symbolic reasoning. Hybrid neuro- symbolic systems aim to overcome the inherent... more
The article concerns the meaning and the applications of Artificial intelligence and the ethical role of human beings.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and law enforcement, where opaque decision-making raises significant ethical concerns. Among the core challenges in AI ethics are... more
The review article examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in wealth management, with a particular focus on robo-advisors and their integration with big data and algorithmic trading strategies. The growing global... more
Artificial intelligence (Ai) systems unquestionably influence the daily life of contemporary society, thanks to a symbiotic, yet necessary, interaction with the external environment. The training methods of intelligent machines, which... more
Artificial Intelligence is advancing rapidly. With the emergence of tools like ChatGPT and other AI programs from major companies, AI is becoming increasingly powerful. This raises the question: can it provide human-level advice,... more
The modelling of a legal text into a machine-processable form, such as a list of logic formulae, enables a semi-automatic reasoning about legal compliance but might entail some anticipation of legal interpretation in the modelling. The... more
Profiling and fundamental rights refer to the complex relationship between the practice of profiling—often employed in law enforcement, marketing, and security—and the protection of individual rights, including privacy,... more
On vaikea tiivistää niitä ristiriitaisia tuntemuksia, joita tämän monta vuotta nielaisseen tutkimusprosessin ajatteleminen aiheuttaa. Kalkkiviivan häämöttäminen synnyttää epäuskoisen euforian. Kaikesta kompastelusta, sairastelusta ja... more
El presente artículo propone desde la filosofía científica un modelo teórico que describe y analiza la estructura del lenguaje jurídico desde una perspectiva formal y técnica, aplicando elementos de la teoría de lenguajes formales, teoría... more
"Non dobbiamo temere l'IA, ma piuttosto come sceglieremo di usarla" (Tim Cook, amministratore delegato di Apple) Che cos'è l'intelligenza artificiale? In termini semplici, l'intelligenza artificiale è la capacità delle macchine di... more
L'art. 4 dello Statuto dei lavoratori prevede una procedura codeterminativa attraverso la quale è possibile installare apparecchiature di controllo sull'attività dei lavoratori. Questo meccanismo normativo, se fosse pienamente... more
Predložený príspevok sa zameriava na deskripciu a analýzu troch koncepcií práva (právo 1.0, právo 2.0 a právo 3.0), ktoré sa vyskytujú v úvahách a diele Rogera Brownsworda. Cieľom tohto príspevku je tak poskytnúť stručný popis koncepcií... more
Lista de acrónimos y abreviaturas utilizadas OCML -Operational Conceptual Modelling Language. SIGMOD -Special Interest Group on Management Of Data (dentro de ACM). OKBC -Open Knowledge-Base Connectivity. SIGSEMIS -Special Interest Group... more
L'avvento della giuscibernetica e dell'intelligenza artificiale pone nuove sfide al diritto e alla figura dell'interprete. Questo articolo esplora il ruolo del diritto romano e dei suoi principi fondamentali, come l'attenzione... more
La prolusione di Vittorio Frosini al suo primo corso d'in5egname11to a Catania fu «Umanesimo e tecnologia nella giurisprudenza». Salvando le distanze, trovo una felice coincidenza con questo mio tentativo di parlare di diritto... more
Specification Abstract Specification Validation Concrete Specification Plan Concrete Specification OACSpecification Validation Concrete Specification Plan Concrete Specification OAC Concrete Specification Concrete Specification Validation... more
This paper addresses a debate that frequently arises when contract simplification is discussed. For business users, a clear contract is one that helps them understand the deal, implement its terms and encourages a productive business... more
This paper begins by examining the overall social risk management function of tort law. The common law of products liability has developed rules involving the categorization of product defects in order to operationalize this function. The... more
The article is dedicated to asst. prof. Theodor Piperkov. It examines the importance of the Roman legal tradition in the study of the possessio and the conceptual framework that is created in the context of modern law in the light of... more
This volume stems from the encounter between two communities: Creative Commons (CC) and Artificial Intelligence and Law, especially those people devoted to the development of Multimedia Technology. The Institute of Law and Technology... more
Рассмотрены некоторые аспекты реализации права граждан на получение полных, достоверных и своевременных сведении о деятельности осударственных органов относительно правовой информации. Внесены предложения по совершенствованию правовых... more
Generative Artificial Intelligence is posing various dilemmas to all of us – and to jurists in particular. On the one hand, great opportunities are opening up. On the other hand, dangers are advancing. This underscores the imperative to... more
In this paper we focus on innovative solutions to the problem of transparency in Public Administrations (PAs) by opening up public data and services so that citizens participation is facilitated and encouraged. We introduce the motivating... more
In a legal context, it is often particularly important to be able to trace the reasons why a decision was made; therefore, there may be an intuition that explainability is extremely important in judicial support systems. However, the... more
This paper describes the analysis of the requirements and the knowledge acquisition process for the development of a legal ontology for the representation of data protection knowledge in the framework of the NEURONA project. This modular... more
No reproduction, copy or transmission may be made without written permission from the individual authors. Papers have been double-blind peer reviewed before final submission to the conference. Initially, paper abstracts were read and... more
SINAPPSI è la rivista scientifica dell'Inapp-Istituto nazionale per l'analisi delle politiche pubbliche. SINAPPSI si pone come luogo di confronto e dibattito sui temi legati alla valutazione delle politiche del lavoro,... more
Experience of… •law in the world •interdisciplinary trading zones •creative, purposeful acts Ethics in… •an integrated curriculum •habitual action •reclamation of moral spaces in the curriculum Technology for… •our discipline, our... more
Facciamo una ricerca sul web e ci viene restituito un risultato, che riconosciamo sbagliato. Chiediamo a ChatGPT di elaborare un testo, e scopriamo essere pieno di imprecisioni ed errori. Tutti questi sono fenomeni comuni e quotidiani,... more
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