Language Linguistics and literary studies

This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of public elementary school teachers in the Banna District, Ilocos Norte, in implementing inclusive education. While inclusive education is recognized as a key strategy for ensuring that every child has access to meaningful learning, teachers often face realities that go beyond policy expectations. Guided by open-ended interviews and thematic analysis, the study sought to understand how teachers navigate the challenges and opportunities of inclusive classrooms. Findings revealed persistent barriers such as classroom management in diverse settings, limited learning materials, and physical space constraints. Yet, teachers also reported professional growth, shifts toward learner-centered approaches, and the cultivation of more compassionate, inclusive learning environments. Their voices highlight both resilience and the urgent need for institutional support. The study concludes that inclusive education carries transformative potential, but its success relies on providing teachers with sufficient resources, ongoing training, and recognition of their efforts. Strengthening policies and fostering a shared responsibility across the education sector are recommended to ensure that inclusive education is not just a mandate but a lived reality for every learner.

Short-tеrm mеmory (STM), oftеn analogizеd to a mеntal notеpad, is a kеy componеnt of thе cognitivе systеm. It is rеsponsiblе for tеmporarily maintaining and handling a limitеd amount of information (Baddеlеy, 2012). STM is a dynamic еntity, constantly at work whеn pеrforming cognitivе tasks, including languagе procеssinga fiеld that has bееn thе focus of many psycholinguistic studiеs in thе past . Undеrstanding thе rolе of STM in languagе procеssing is vitally important. Indееd, languagе is a complеx systеm, еmbеddеd in our daily livеs and еssеntial to our ability to communicatе and intеract with thе world around us. Yеt, dеspitе thе importancе of languagе and thе еnormous amount of rеsеarch dеdicatеd to its study, our undеrstanding of thе prеcisе rolе of STM in languagе procеssing is far from complеtе . It is this gap that this articlе sееks to fill. Languagе is gеnеrally considеrеd to involvе thrее main cognitivе procеssеs: languagе comprеhеnsion, production, and lеarning. Thеsе thrее procеssеs makе up a big part of our daily usе of languagе, whеthеr it's to undеrstand what othеrs arе saying, to formulatе our own thoughts into words, or to lеarn a nеw languagе. Howеvеr, whilе thеsе procеssеs arе univеrsal,

While online learning is not a new way of teaching and learning practices, various challenges, often stemming from motivational issues, lead to high dropout rates. For this reason, educators have increasingly integrated gamified tools and online teaching strategies, which offer new learning experiences through game elements. These tools proved especially effective during the COVID-19 pandemic and are expected to continue transforming education across all levels, including higher education. One critical factor influencing student success in both traditional and online settings is self-efficacy. This study investigated the impact of Web 2.0-supported gamification on the self-efficacy of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students in an online learning environment. A quasi-experimental method and a mixed-method sequential explanatory design were used. Participants included 60 first-year undergraduate students taking English as a compulsory course at a state university in Türkiye. A scale and a semi-structured interview form were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically, while qualitative data were examined through content analysis. Findings showed a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy levels of the experimental group who used gamified tools. These results suggest that Web 2.0-supported gamification can be an effective strategy for enhancing learner self-efficacy in online language learning environments.

Made-in-Nigeria products have been the focus of successive governments in Nigeria towards economic diversification. The need for citizens to patronize made-in-Nigeria products has often been emphasized but previous research have shown that citizens do not appear to have heed this call, because they do not have impressive perception of the products. The media have a role to play in supporting development efforts of the government. This paper considers how much coverage newspapers give to stories about made-in-Nigeria products as a way promoting economic development. Three newspapers: The Punch, Vanguard and Business Day were analyzed to determine the amount of coverage they give to such reports, the direction of the reports, how prominent the reports are and the type of stories they are covered in. Content analysis research method was adopted for the research. Findings show that the newspapers cover stories on made-in-Nigeria products, they are mostly straight news reports written in positive tone. However the reports are not given the expected prominence. The media need to pay more attention to reporting on made-in-Nigeria products, with a view to informing and educating the public and mobilizing them to patronize the products.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is known to be the worst pandemic on the planet which has not only affected humankind very severely but also frozen all areas of life on the sphere. The pandemic caused the largest turmoil in the field of education across the world. The conventional system of education has been disrupted resulting in the closure of all educational institutions around the globe. The exams were postponed which made the students more concerned about their academic achievements. The educationists around the world started thinking about some good alternatives for this problem and subsequently considered online learning as the best substitute for conventional learning at educational institutes. The current study was carried out to accentuate the effectiveness of online learning system during the wave of COVID-19. To achieve the objective of the study, two educational institutes, one government and one private institute, were selected in Sargodha through convenient sampling...

This study assessed the instructional competencies of English teachers in selected elementary schools in the Sablayan South District, Schools Division of Occidental Mindoro, with the goal of formulating a proposed Enhanced and Flexible Multi-Tiered Instructional Systems Approach in reading. The research utilized a descriptive method, engaging 22 respondents composed of 7 school administrators and 15 English teachers. A validated self-constructed survey questionnaire and interviews were used to gather data. Findings revealed that the majority of respondents were female, married, and educationally qualified, with relevant teaching or administrative experience. Both school administrators and teachers rated the level of instructional competencies and performance in reading instruction as very high, with strong alignment in their assessments. Significant differences were observed in specific areas such as strategic reading, study skills, and testing reading, indicating the need for targeted improvements. Additionally, the study highlighted administrative and instructional challenges faced by English teachers, particularly in student relationships and collaboration with guidance counselors. Based on these findings, a proposed multi-tiered system approach was developed, emphasizing content-and diagnostic-based instruction, stakeholder collaboration, and direct intervention strategies to support both teachers and learners. The proposed approach aims to enhance reading instruction, address existing difficulties, and promote student achievement through a more integrated and responsive educational framework.

The present study explicates the nature of the lexicogrammatical choices made in journalistic discourse about the death of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. The case is internationally represented in the mostly circulated newspapers. The online versions of the four newspapers Arab News (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Hürreyat Daily News (Turkey), New York Times (United States of America) and Tehran Times (Iran) are selected for the study. Proceeding within the framework of the transitivity system, the paper intends to expound how the four newspapers express the stances and viewpoints about the case. The analysis positions the newspapers writing technique within an ideological bifurcation of the legitimized US and the delegitimized THEM. The use of the transitivity system as an approach for analysis of the headlines unveils how journalists’ attitudes steer readers toward the opinions preferred by the national policies of their countries.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the language skills of the international students attending different Turkish language centers are sufficient to understand their departmental courses. The research was carried out through focus group interviews which are among the qualitative data collection techniques. For this purpose, 14 students studying at two different universities at different levels were selected on a voluntary basis. A semi-structured interview form was created with the help of three experts and was used to collect data for the study. The content analysis technique was used. Responses from 14 students were transcribed and analyzed both individually and entirely. It was detected that the level of Turkish taught at the Turkish language centers remained inadequate for the students to understand their departmental courses. The students had difficulties in understanding the concepts, terms, and sample texts related to their field. It is suggested that the students should be introduced with relevant academic concepts before starting their studies.

This study is a pragmatic analysis of President Nnamdi Azikiwe's speech responding to the foremost Military Seizure of Power in Nigeria-January, 1966. Post the Nigerian colonialism in 1966 and the attainment of independence, a military coup emerged which caused the reaction of the interim leader President Nnamdi Azikiwe. The foremost military seizure of power happened when the then Nigerian President was out of the country on an official assignment. Immediately he heard of the coup plot by the military against him, he released a speech against this incident. Speech presentation is a feature of the communicative process; hence it is encoded with meanings. For instance, in discourse, meanings are decrypted and certain acts elicited. Therefore, using qualitative methodology espoused by diagnostic analytical technique; the paper analyses the pragmatic effects using the speech acts and functional models as the conceptual framework. In concise, there were occurrences of functional and structural patterns are identified as well as several illocutionary acts.

Feeling of anxiety is exceedingly experienced by the English language learners throughout the world. Though the impact of anxiety on learning and performing in English has been widely studied in United States, Canada, Japan, Taiwan and many other countries; this present study, in contrast, tries to find out the reasons of anxiety in learning and performing English in the classes among the Bangladeshi cadet college students. Data has been collected through questionnaire from 30 participants from different cadet colleges in Bangladesh. Finally 10 students (one third of the total participants) were interviewed to get supportive data on their responses. An analysis of their responses indicate that preoccupied fear, peers’ parents’ and teachers’ reactions (sometimes)hold the participants back to flourish and express themselves properly. The responses of the participants quite clearly show that peers’, parents’ as well as preceptors’ amiable attitude towards the learners can pave the way ...

This study assessed the implementation of Nigeria Certificate in Education Hausa language curriculum in northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria, purposely to determine: determine the methods utilized by the Hausa lecturers in the implementation of NCE Hausa language curriculum; the lecturers lesson preparedness and teaching techniques; and to find out whether differences exist in the implementation of NCE Hausa language between states and federal colleges of education in northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Three research Questions and three null hypotheses were raised in with objectives of the study. Population of the study includes all teachers and students offering NCE Hausa in Colleges of Education in Northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. One hundred and eight lecturers and three hundred and sixty students were randomly sampled from six colleges of education in northwest geopolitical zone. Structured questionnaire and observation were used to collect data from the respondents. Reliability of the instruments was tested through pilot study using Cronbach's reliability coefficient and reliability coefficient of alpha level of 0.927 and 0.795 were obtained for the staff and students questionnaire respectively. A two point and four-point scale was used for the respondents to indicate their degree of satisfaction. One hundred and eight (lecturers) and three hundred and sixty (students) respondents filled and returned the questionnaire. The data collected from the study were analyzed using statistical computation involving frequencies, percentages, chi square and mannwhitney test. Chi square statistics were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that, there is utilization of methods for NCE Hausa curriculum implementation, the level of teachers lessons preparation techniques is very low, there is also no difference in the implementation of Hausa language curriculum in states and federal colleges of education in northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study made the following recommendation that instructional materials should be provided adequately and to commensurate with students' size; it will enhance their effectiveness and guarantee their efficient curriculum implementation. Functional and qualified nonacademic staff should be employed to handle language laboratories, textbook and allied matters in colleges of education. NCE Hausa programme should be subjected to accreditation and reaccreditation based on the adequacy of facilities and textbooks. Some courses need to be redesigned to capture the actual life of Hausa people and to achieve the objective of equipping the studentteacher with basic skills of listening, speaking, and writing the Hausa language, Teachers should use differentiated instructional strategies to address students' learning needs in meeting the objectives of the curriculum should be targeted.

This paper will focus on the use of computer systems as educational technologies and will try to show, on one hand, the fears of Professors and on the other hand the Students personal beliefs and perceptions about ICT. Despite a sufficient installed base of computers nowadays, very little of their potential to back up or support learning in Universities seems to have been realized. These attitudes towards the modern ICTs are very unalike. Even if lots of Professors are working in this environment they believe that they are not contributing to the learning process if they just use and try to find help in the support of the ICT use. However, Romanian ICT resources are quickly developing at the present time, namely, after the Revolution from 1989, but there still remains the question whether the teaching done by Romanian Professors using ICT is done in a way it actually aids the Romanian students, or the prospective job-seekers.

The translator's main task while practicing the process of translating from one language to another is to choose the suitable strategy for the suitable text. Literal translation is the starting point for any translator and may be changed according to the texttype. This means, it is not a fault in translation. While it is sometimes useful, it can have several disadvantages. One of the main drawbacks is that it can result in awkward or unnatural-sounding language, as it may not capture the nuances, idioms, or cultural references present in the original text. This can lead to a loss of meaning or confusion for the reader. This paper is going to search the advantages and disadvantages of literal translation according to the point of view of a group of translation students in Aden University (Yemen).

Children's literature has created versatile and popular characters since its inception. These characters produced a nostalgic and overwhelming presence through their actions, behaviors and unique identities on readers' minds. This paper probes into a complex notion of the identity of a popular character in children's literature, Curious George. Various authors and critics have tried to focus on different aspects of George's personality. The scope of this paper is to explore the versatile and multifaceted features of George's character, and to make an association between the character and its creators, H. A. Rey and Margaret Rey. The eventful life of the childless authors, who lived in a war-inflicted world, moving from one place to another, and seeking a final refuge in United States, is carefully analyzed and investigated in detail. The hilarious role played by George as a savior, to redeem them physically and psychologically, is adequately traced. Through the various Curious George series, the character of George is deeply examined and his relation to the 'Man with the Yellow Hat' has been interpreted from an oriental and postcolonial perspective. The enigma or riddle behind the true nature of George continually makes him one of the most beloved characters in the field of children's literature. Observed and analyzed in the light of war-affected world, during which he was created, George provides the potential to survive in any conflict -riven situation internally or externally. His multiple personalities of an animal, child, prisoner, Orient and African provides various facets that keeps his identity in a flux.

Children’s literature has created versatile and popular characters since its inception. These characters produced a nostalgic and overwhelming presence through their actions, behaviors and unique identities on readers’ minds. This paper probes into a complex notion of the identity of a popular character in children’s literature, Curious George. Various authors and critics have tried to focus on different aspects of George’s personality. The scope of this paper is to explore the versatile and multifaceted features of George’s character, and to make an association between the character and its creators, H. A. Rey and Margaret Rey. The eventful life of the childless authors, who lived in a war-inflicted world, moving from one place to another, and seeking a final refuge in United States, is carefully analyzed and investigated in detail. The hilarious role played by George as a savior, to redeem them physically and psychologically, is adequately traced. Through the various Curious Georg...

The current study examines the techniques employed for teaching grammar in English language classrooms at the secondary level in Bangladesh. The researchers aimed to evaluate the situation and provide feasible means of improving grammar teaching in secondary schools. The study was conducted in a mixed-methods approach combining both quantitative and qualitative tools across six secondary schools in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, to achieve this goal. The researchers used a standardized survey questionnaire to collect data from the teachers of the selected secondary schools. Three consecutive classrooms of the same lesson were also observed in those schools. Later, a methodological triangulation was applied to analyze and present the findings. The study shows the strategies used by the schools in grammar teaching and their efficacy in raising academic performance. Efforts in policy should inspire trainees in this domain by emphasizing hands-on learning methods and organizing workshops for teacher training.

L2 writing is an important and challenging skill at the same time, particularly for L2 learners.
Despite varied studies that have focused on mistakes in writing, limited studies have been
conducted on university students in northern Syrian universities.

Depression among youth has become a growing concern, especially with the increasing presence of social media as a platform for self-expression. Online posts related to depression provided insight into how young individuals articulated their emotions, sought support, and navigated mental health challenges through language. This qualitative study employed discourse analysis to examine depression-related posts among youth, focusing on linguistic patterns, lexical choices, and language functions. This research identified key themes in how language evolved in expressing depressive experiences. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of language in establishing a sense of communal identity, serving as a creative and safe medium for emotional expression, and reflecting broader social changes in mental health awareness. These insights emphasized the dynamic relationship between language and youth mental health, underscoring the need for educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals to recognize and understand the language used in depression-related discourse. This research advocated for increased awareness and sensitivity toward the linguistic expressions of youth experiencing depression. Schools and institutions were encouraged to integrate mental health literacy programs that acknowledged these language patterns, fostering inclusivity, empathy, and support systems. Furthermore, efforts to document and analyze depression-related discourse contributed to destigmatizing mental health struggles and promoting well-being among young individuals.

Using literature in a language classroom can give students plenty of chances to pick up new words, sentence structures, and other rich linguistic inputs. It can also allow them to comment, defend, and reflect on themselves. A teacher can encourage and support the students' engagement in the language classroom by employing literary texts. Numerous scholars have examined the advantages of employing literature in language classes and expressed the opinion that it can give students rich stimuli for expressing themselves in their target languages. It can help learners practice the four language skills-speaking, listening, reading, and writing-in addition to exemplifying grammatical structures and presenting new vocabulary. Literature can introduce students to many learning modalities. The mother tongue support for learning a second language was the main focus of NEP 2020. This paper tries to explore ways to use literature in a language classroom in some innovative ways, especially in the context of primary-level vernacular schools in Assam, where it is observed that most of the students from rural areas struggle to acquire the English language. This paper also attempts to develop some modules that use localized contextual examples and literature to teach the English language.

Writing is considered one of the most difficult skills in EFL/ESL. Thus, meticulous recognition and classification of students' errors in certain contexts is a worthwhile endeavor which provides us with both diagnostic and prognostic power. Accordingly, a total of 430 students in 15 English writing classes held during 12 consecutive semesters in a private university in central Taiwan were the subjects of this study. They composed 5703 essays which were rated and coded by the authors. Adopting and modifying the error taxonomy proposed by Zheng and Park (2013), the authors classified a sum of 63460 errors into four main groups with their subsequent subcategories. This study revealed that the highest problematic areas for Taiwanese university students were 'misformation' with 51.55% of the whole including errors in tenses, parts of speech, prepositions, subject/verb agreements, and run-on sentences. Then, 'omission' errors ranked second with 21.30% including errors in articles, plural suffix-s, and relative pronouns. Finally, the third and fourth error types were 'others' with 15.13% including spelling, capitalization, and wrong vocabulary, and 'addition' with 12.01% containing errors in articles, unnecessary words, and conjunctions. This study provides numerous genuine samples from the students' compositions being annotated based on the applied error taxonomy. Thus, the data presented in this study can provide researchers with a practical framework for future studies in error analysis, as well as pedagogical implications in the field.

This paper brings out the Womanist perspective in Aidoo's No Sweetness Here and Other Stories. The term 'Womanism' encapsulates the varied dynamics of the black woman's literary experience as it distinguishes itself from the feminism of the White Woman. The predicament of women in postcolonial Ghana is the focus of Aidoo's attention. Aidoo's vision is historical, also. In her short stories, she explores the challenges faced by women in post-independence Ghana. In the period of transition, the African woman's identity is brought into conflict with traditions and cultural modernization. Aidoo's predominant concern is to reflect on women's increasing alienation in contemporary African society with the help of tradition and modernity. In Aidoo's vision, Africa's progress is inseparable from the social, economic, political and psychological liberation of women. No Sweetness Here and Other Stories attempts to make African women aware of their agency, which is the first step towards their liberation.

The Cry of a Palestinian Mother is the Cry of All Mothers We, as mothers, may live in different countries, speak different languages, and belong to different cultures, but the bond of motherhood makes our hearts beat as one. The pain of a Palestinian mother, holding her child for the last time, is not hers alone-it echoes in every mother's soul around the world. We know the sleepless nights, the gentle hopes, and the dreams we weave for our children, and that is why their loss feels like our own. A mother's love has no borders, and neither does her grief. Today, as Palestinian mothers cry for their children, we cry with them, carrying their sorrow in our hearts and praying for a world where no mother has to bury her child.

The religious translation is one of the most difficult translations for the translator and interpreter as it relates to the biggest and most sensitive issue in the human life, the issue of religion and belief. Man naturally loves his religion and clings to his faith more than anything else. From this perspective comes the importance of religious translation, which is needed by more than a billion Muslims around the world, who do not speak Arabic, in order to transfer the Sharia sciences to them in different languages they speak. The study follows descriptive, comparative and analytical methods. The hypotheses correspond with the results that the translator faces a problem when translating the religious texts. There are several problems when translating religious texts, such as the problems related to word and semantics. The results showed that the translator and interpreter face some problems at the semantic and word levels; also, the study made some recommendations to find the suitable equivalents in the other languages.

The Philippines boasts vibrant dialects, each of which has its unique elements of the Philippines' cultural heritage . Among these is the Timori-a coded native dialect that functions for the coastal people of barangay Cogtong. It is a rare linguistic phenomenon combining a traditional vocabulary with a specific coded structure. This coded dialect is not just a cultural expression but is employed as a means of communication in local identification and social integration (Llamzon, 2020). Similar to other localized dialects in the Philippines, the Timori dialect has decreased with time through modernization (Alvarez & Ortega, 2021). The younger generation seldom uses this dialect as there is less interest in learning this Timori code. Historically, the Spanish colonizers during the colonial era were Moro bandits who kidnapped children and sacrificed them to "Tirong," their local folklore being. The masses reacted through the emergence of the Timori dialect, a complex language system, to defend themselves from harm brought by external forces. With time, the dialect came to represent power and unity, used for maintaining their culture and bonding within the community . Some people who visit Cogtong try to learn the language, but it is not as easy as The Philippines is a country of diverse cultures and dialects. The present study considers the Timori code system, decoding by the speakers, and application in word structure and speech production.

Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and has become an established area in language studies, being the main criterion for achieving communication. Considering Newmark's theory that translation is an art as well as a skill and a science, three main aspects are taken into consideration when we talk about translation: the foreign and native cultures, the two languages and the writer and the translator. In the case of Arabic, translations are viewed from a different perspective. The knowledge of the Arabic culture is crucial for English -Arabic translation. Inaccurate translations reveal the mismatches in beliefs and cultural norms between the Western cultures and the Arab culture. The influence of culture on language heritage is manifested between identity and culture. Secondly the duality of Arabic is another important aspect related to translations differences. It is useful for English -Arabic translators to be aware that differences between the two linguistic systems may cause problems in translation, for this reason the author tries to specify the most frequent linguistic errors in English -Arabic translations.

Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and has become an established area in language studies, being the main criterion for achieving communication. Considering Newmark's theory that translation is an art as well as a skill and a science, three main aspects are taken into consideration when we talk about translation: the foreign and native cultures, the two languages and the writer and the translator. In the case of Arabic, translations are viewed from a different perspective. The knowledge of the Arabic culture is crucial for English Arabic translation. Inaccurate translations reveal the mismatches in beliefs and cultural norms between the Western cultures and the Arab culture. The influence of culture on language heritage is manifested between identity and culture. Secondly the duality of Arabic is another important aspect related to translations differences. It is useful for English – Arabic translators to be aware that differences between the t...

This research analyzed compliments used by addressor (the host and the judges) and compliment responses used by the addressee (the top three) in America’s Got Talent 2017. It is used descriptive qualitative research. This present study is aimed (1) to describe the types of compliments used by the judges and the host in America’s Got Talent 2017, (2) to describe compliments strategies used by the judges and the host in America’s Got Talent 2017, and (3) to describe compliment responses strategies used by the performers in America’s Got Talent 2017. Here, the writer focused on the all performances of the top three of America’s Got Talent 2017, they are Darci Lynne, Angelica Hale and Light Balance Dance Group included the judges’ comments taken from YouTube Video. The result shows the frequent appearing of compliments types is ability compliment. Most of the addressors did ability compliment to express admiration/ approval of the addressees’ performance on that moment. The frequent app...

Euphemisms are one of the most important rhetorical tools for politicians, and in the process of social communication, words used to help people communicate politely and comfortably are used at all levels of society. In particular, the study of political euphemisms is increasing, and a lot of researchers are still conducting research in each field from their own point of view. The fate of politicians is largely related to the support of voters, so politicians pay great attention to their wording in public speeches. We analyze ten official speeches from Donald Trump, who is known to be a direct speaker, and who uses euphemisms sparingly. Previous research on euphemism in Trump's political discourse has been sparse. Because of this, our research focuses on a sample of ten speeches in 2020. These speeches have gained international attention due to sometimes being controversial in nature, and our study dissects Trump's usage of euphemisms and their meanings within the context of his speech. We have read all of his speeches given during his presidency from 2017 to 2021. Then, we focused our research on Donald Trump's speeches on war, death, poor people, unfinished political goals, COVID-19, Remarks on the Killing of Qasem Soleimani, State of the Union Address, Remarks after His Acquittal. We found that he used more euphemisms for these topics. The speeches were analyzed according to Features of Political Euphemisms classification, which states that the use of euphemisms involves three features, such as Greater Degree of Deviation from its Signified Use, More Vague Meaning, and Strong Characteristics of the Times.

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine the time factor influencing technology integration in social studies teaching in a Jordanian school. The case study method was chosen because the research questions sought to explore time factor influencing technology integration in teaching. In Jordan, little research qualitative empirical research has investigated the level of the time of technology has been carried out for educational purposes. Therefore, this paper intends to identify the importance of the time factor of teachers in technology integration in teaching. These data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach, semi-structured interview interviews and observation were used as instruments to collect data. Five social studies teachers participated in this study. Findings showed that all of the teachers have mentioned that the time was one of the most important factors that affected the technology integration in their teaching. Where most of the responses indicated that, the time was a major obstacle in front of their technology integration. Furthermore, I found out through my classroom observations that the time was an obstacle for all teachers.

This study examined model operating of field experience program of English Study Program of Timor University. The purposes of the field experience program are to identify the strengths, weaknesses, the successful model of preparing new English teacher professional through field experience program. The findings showed that the strengths of preparing new English teacher professional through field experience program are there are specific institution to responsible run the field experience program although still in the committee, development of education need teacher’s English professional as the opportunity get supporting the other stakeholders. The weaknesses of preparing new English teacher professional through field experience program are still lack facilities like have no micro teaching laboratory, no schools’ partners, lack of financial, and institution to responsible of the implementation still as committee not permanently. The successful model to implement of the field experien...

Often times, many English as Second Language (ESL) facilitators speculate why some learners learn faster than other learners. Provided the students were exposed with the same amount of years in the formal education system in Malaysia, the language instructors curious about the variety of performance in the English language among the learners. This study revealed the language learning strategies used by ten successful ESL learners of a private university in Kajang, Selangor, using Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The findings indicated that successful language learners are high frequency users of language learning strategies. The total mean of each category showed that metacognitive strategies (Mean=3.964) are among the most frequently used strategies, followed respectively by compensatory (Mean=3.814), cognitive (Mean=3.812), social (Mean=3.700), memory (Mean=3.100) and affective strategies (Mean=2.890) found as the least used strategies among successful language learners. Interestingly, the study also identified that successful language learners used more direct strategies compared to indirect strategies. The findings have significant implications for research on language learning strategies for successful language learners and teacher planning in order to promote and boost the use of strategies among the poor language learners.

Today, English Language has become the language of communication in every area which includes economics, politics, technologies as well as education. It also has been placed as a second language in Malaysia due to its importance. Dual language programme (DLP) has been introduced and implemented in selected school since 2016 as an initiative programme to give the pupils the opportunity to use English Language in learning Science and Mathematics. It aimed to produce proficient pupils in the international lingua franca language. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the teachers’ perceptions towards the implementation of DLP and to identify the factors that affect the implementation of DLP in urban schools. English, Science and Mathematics teachers from urban schools that implemented DLP were selected as respondents for this study. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a set of questionnaire was developed and interview session were conducted to gather their point of vie...

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has provided more variation in the process of teaching and learning. The function of ICT in systematic teaching and learning in English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom is to achieve the objectives of language teaching and learning. The aim of this study is twofold: (i) to investigate how secondary school English teachers perceive the future of ICT as a pedagogical tool and (ii) to discover what they think the impact of ICT will be on the future of the teachers. This study is a qualitative research in nature because a semi-structured interview was used to examine the teachers' perceptions of the future of ICT as a pedagogical tool and the impact of ICT on the future of the teachers. Overall, a total of 25 secondary school English teachers were interviewed. The teachers were pragmatically and purposively selected from four different areas of Malaysia, 8 teachers from Tawau, 7 teachers from Alor Setar, 6 teachers from Tuanku Jaafar and 4 teachers from Kuala Lumpur, respectively. The interviewees were selected based on three criteria which are the willingness to participate and cooperate, capability of giving effective responses to the interview questions and lastly having teaching experience of at least 1 year. The findings of the study showed that ICT has the potential to give great impact on the future of teachers in terms of the role of the teacher, the methods of instruction and the methods of assessment. It was also concluded that, in the future, the role of the teacher will be changed from the sole knowledge provider to a facilitator or moderator; the methods of instruction will be changed from conventional discussions in the classroom to the use of online forums with the students; and the medium of assessment will be changed from printed ones to e-assessment.

The objectives of this study are to determine the presence of speaking anxiety among ESL learners, to investigate the relationship between language anxiety and speaking skills and to determine the effect of task-based approach on learners' speaking anxiety. This quasi-experimental investigation was done on a total of 30 ESL low proficient diploma learners, who were in the age range of 18 to 24. These purposive samples were given questionnaire to support the first research question as it tests the presence of speaking anxiety. This questionnaire is framed as per the model of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) which was designed by . The pre-test and post-test, which were adapted from IELTS speaking test examples, were used to determine the effect of task-based approach. Task sheets containing pictures related to automobile, routine, events and processes were prepared by the researcher to conduct the seven weeks of programme. The findings revealed that anxiety exists among the learners in terms of communication apprehension, English language class anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. The more anxious the learners became, the lower the grades were achieved. The use of task-based approach throughout the intervention has given positive effect on the grades achieved in the post-test.

This study attempts to investigate the literacy practices of EFL teaching and learning in higher education level from multiliteracies and multimodal perspective. Mixed methods were used: questionaires to the students, interviews with both teachers and students, focus group discussion with students, observation, and documents. The study was focused on the English reading and writing classroom activities. The results of the study revealed that most participating students frequently utilized on screen text and digital devices instead of printed paper in their reading and writing activities. In addition, despite the fact that teachers still used print-based literacy, they supported the adoption of digital and multimodal literacy in their teaching. The findings also indicated that there was mostly misconception of English literacy skills limited to the only targeted skills of English language, and yet the nature of reading and writing practices has developed towards incorportion of print...

Teaching poetry to (EFL) students at the tertiary level presents challenges that require systematic approaches. While the benefits of poetry in EFL curricula are well-documented, there is a gap in the methodological literature on effective teaching strategies, particularly for freshman students encountering English poetry for the first time. This paper proposes an analytical framework for teaching poetry to EFL freshmen by integrating linguistic analysis with literary appreciation. Through a systematic review of current literature, the study examines existing approaches to poetry teaching in EFL contexts and introduces a structured methodology with six key components: phonetic, morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis. A partial analysis of Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken, illustrates how each component contributes to both language development and literary understanding. The findings suggest that a step-bystep introduction of these components enables students to develop linguistic competence and literary appreciation. The study concludes that this approach makes poetry more accessible to EFL students while maintaining literary integrity.

Linguistically speaking, the concept of humor, which seems to be vast for people, has specific dimensions by which it is generated including: puns, irony, sarcasm, wittiness, and contrastive utterances in relation to the speakers of those utterances. It is about how the extra linguistics elements dominate the situation and the delivery of humor. The researchers of the present paper intend to show how the selected literary extract can be subjected to a linguistic pragmatic analysis and then be explained by applying the incongruity theory of humor by Kant (1790) in order to show the ways or the mechanisms that lead to the flouting, infringing and the violation of Gricean maxims can consequently lead to the creation of humor. Despite the fact that the present paper is qualitative in nature, some tables are provided by the researchers in order to reach into a better, deeper and more understandable analysis. Investigating the ways Gricean maxims are flouted, infringed and violated to create humor, and showing how the imperfect use of language sometimes create unintentional humor are the researchers' aims of this paper.

This paper explores the theme of overcoming the myth of the silent woman and double colonization in Ernest Hemingway’s Indian Camp (1924). It scrutinizes the subversive demolishment of double-minority status lifting the curtain on the thunderous screams of a female character as an emblem of expressive agency. To thematize this research topic and critically diagnose its feasible dimensions, this research paper casts the spotlight of analytical interpretation on the political dynamics, the implicit underpinnings and the insinuated textual unsaid underlying the female character of the Indian woman as a case study placed under scrutiny. To excavate in depth the ideological ramifications and the political implications tacitly embedded in the overall textual fabric of this literary artifact, this current study brings into play the postcolonial feminist perspective as a deconstructive paradigm through decomposing and dismantling a miscellany of excerpted extracts quoted from the decomposed...

In the Malaysian education system, English has always played an important role. In acknowledging its importance, Malaysian University English Test (MUET) has been introduced to enable continued emphasis on this role. MUET has been made compulsory for those who wish to pursue a first degree programme in local universities. This study aims to examine the relationship between English language proficiency test (as measured by MUET bands) to predict the undergraduates academic achievement (as measured by Cumulative Grade Point Average score). It also aims to determine the recommended MUET band as an entry requirement for prospective technical programme undergraduates in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The study was carried out among 225 final year undergraduates of five different faculties in UPM, namely

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the contents of in-use Year 5 and Year 6 textbooks in Malaysian primary schools in exploring the strengths and weaknesses of the textbooks. Does it really apply all the methods and suitability for the pupils? It is also aim to study whether the textbooks fit to all level of pupils' proficiency in English language and whether it giving attention on the pupils' proficiency level in language learning. Sample of the study consists of 32 English teachers chosen randomly from primary schools in Selangor. In this study, the textbook is evaluated in terms of general attributes and learning content categories and evaluation checklists proposed by previous researchers are distributed as instrument used. The findings revealed that the textbook for each year is very highly useful. It is also found that the textbooks are suitable for either for low proficiency or vice versa.

This essay explores the theme of the double in Umberto Eco's The Island of the Day Before, Joseph Conrad's The Secret Sharer and Zivko Chingo's The Big Water. While traditionally the double is connected with the evil alter-ego of the protagonist, what brings these three works together (by an Italian, English and Macedonian author) is the fact that the treatment of the double in them is different from those traditional representations. The essay will argue that, even if it seems that the double is some kind of more evil variant than the protagonist, he is actually summoned in the three selected works by the protagonist in order to save him from loneliness or threat. Still, the levels of real existence of the double, his roles and functions are different in all three works and these aspects will come into light in their comparison. Each work is analyzed in terms of several theoretical assumptions established Chatman, Genette or Steiner, among others, and each is compared with the other two, thus producing the points of resemblance in terms of the two narrative structures that coexist in all three works.

This paper examines communication challenges within the military institution in Botswana. There seems to be rigid ways of delivering messages which in the end impede smooth communication practices between senior personnel and their subordinates within the institution. This study adopted the qualitative analysis to interrogate issues underlying communication practices from military classrooms for three years. The target group was middle ranking officers in institution who take Communication and Study Skills course as a requirement for their study at the University of Botswana. Data were collected using open ended questionnaires, interviews and group discussions in the classrooms. The model of communication process and new media were used to benchmark the practices within the institution against what the concepts say. The findings indicated that indeed communication processes were marred with problems that hinder smooth transition of messages from the sender to the receiver and ended ...

This study is a critique of the classification of a group of speech forms spoken in Àkókó North West local government area of Ondo State Nigeria tagged Arigidi Cluster Lewis (Ethnologue 2009) which Ọláògún (2016a) referred to as dialects of a new language "Ǹjọ̀-Kóo". Ọláògún (2016a) claimed that the coinage was a combination of lexical items selected from different speech forms in the group which the speakers used as a form of greeting. This critique challenges the coinage and proposal of Ǹjọ̀-kóo as the standard language for the speech forms. With data from Arigidi and Erúsú which revealed the wrong process of its (Ǹjọ̀-Kóo) derivation, it was also established that Ńjọ̀-Kóo is a misnomer which is strange to speakers of the speech forms because it neither exists nor has a meaning in any of the speech forms. Furthermore, Ọláògún (2016a) failed to provide either sociolinguistic or grammatical justification for the rejection of the names earlier suggested by previous scholars for the speech forms. Thus, the proposal of Ǹjọ̀-Kóo by Ọláògún (2016a) was a mere academic invention which cannot be validated as it neither captures nor reflect the reality regarding the linguistic status of the speech forms in question.

This study evaluated the grammar competency level of intermediate learners at Sohoton Elementary School, Malimono, Surigao del Norte, through the use of a song-based approach to grammar instruction. It specifically assessed learners' proficiency in eight grammar components-nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections-using pre-test and post-test measures. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving an experimental group taught with researcher-developed song-based lessons and a control group taught using conventional methods. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-tests. Findings revealed that both groups initially exhibited developing competence in basic grammar categories, with the lowest performance in adverbs and conjunctions. The experimental group showed marked improvement after the intervention, achieving proficient competence in interjections and developing competence in conjunctions and adjectives. In contrast, the control group showed only minimal gains and even declined in some areas. The post-test results indicated a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group, confirming the effectiveness of the song-based approach. Hence, the study concluded that integrating a song-based approach into grammar instruction is both engaging and effective in enhancing grammar teaching and learning. A compendium of these lessons was developed and is recommended as a practical resource for wider adoption by educators.

This research article explores the thematic, philosophical, and stylistic parallels between the Sufi poetic tradition of the East and the English Romantic movement of the West. Drawing upon key poets such as Jalaluddin Rumi, Bulleh Shah, and Khwaja Ghulam Farid in the Sufi tradition, and William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Percy Bysshe Shelley in Romanticism, this study examines how both traditions converge on the themes of divine love, nature, individualism, and mysticism. Through comparative literary analysis, the paper reveals a shared spiritual aesthetic and a rebellion against materialism and rigid orthodoxy in both traditions.

This research article explores the thematic, philosophical, and stylistic parallels between the Sufi poetic tradition of the East and the English Romantic movement of the West. Drawing upon key poets such as Jalaluddin Rumi, Bulleh Shah, and Khwaja Ghulam Farid in the Sufi tradition, and William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Percy Bysshe Shelley in Romanticism, this study examines how both traditions converge on the themes of divine love, nature, individualism, and mysticism. Through comparative literary analysis, the paper reveals a shared spiritual aesthetic and a rebellion against materialism and rigid orthodoxy in both traditions.

The present study attempts at using corpora to determine if the most common phrasal verbs used by Brazilian learners of English are the same as the most commonly used by native speakers; whether there is evidence of avoidance of phrasal verb usage by learners in Brazil; and finally if the most common meanings used by Brazilian learners match the most common meanings found in native-speaker language. The tools used for this research were a Brazilian learner corpus called CoMAprend and the toolkit AntConc. Results showed that there was significant avoidance of phrasal verb usage by the learners and that a large number of phrasal verbs found in the corpus was not within the group of most common phrasal verbs native speakers use. In spite of this a good part of the phrasal verbs` meanings appearing in the learner corpus were listed as the most usual in the Bank of English.