Land Use and Environmental Planning

Traditional urban planning approaches have recently witnessed many struggles in anticipating the impact of policy shifts, economic changes and social dynamics on the performance of cities. In this context, a data-driven decision-making approach is considered as a critical method in shaping urban policies that manage cities’ spatial performance. The paper investigates utilizing SLEUTH simulation model as a tool for data-driven decision making in the field of urban management. The study applied SLEUTH model on Badr city in Egypt as a case study for New Egyptian cities, where many of them faced challenges in achieving the desired rates of urban development through the past years. The study is structured into two main parts, the theoretical framework that investigates the significance of data driven decision making approach and the use of computational tools in the field of urban planning and the empirical part that details the methods used in the research including input data and calibration stages for two SLEUTH modeling scenarios: Scenario A: which utilized basic input data for the model to act as a baseline simulation, and scenario B where policy related factors are integrated such as the proximity to the New Administrative Capital and the establishment of Light Rail Transit Stations within the city. The results showed significant differences between the two scenarios, which highlighted the importance of integrating policy related factors in urban simulation models for more reliable results. The study concluded that incorporating updated computational and simulation tools has a significant effect on enhancing the process of setting management strategies for the modern dynamic urban contexts and highlighted the importance of adopting adaptive urban planning frameworks that respond to the evolving spatial performance of cities.

The river corridors of Malaysia's heritage river cities have long been contributing to the livelihood of diverse communities within these places. Recently, the speedy city development progress in Malaysia to accommodate the up to date cultural-based heritage economy, coupled with severe climate change and lack of community consultation in designing and developing the river corridors has made a difference to the landscape settings of these places. These have raised concerns among the local community, particularly the local workers who are depending on the resources along the river corridors. This paper explains the strategy in triangulating multiple research methods to identify and assess the important landscape character settings of Malaysia's urban river corridors, which are significant in the routine of the working communities at these places. The experiential landscape survey (ELS)the phenomenological approaches in landscape assessment created by Thwaites and Simkins was tested. Three inter-connected processes that consist of Process 1defining preliminary river corridor boundaries, Process 2looking for relevant occupations and individuals (as participants), and Process 3identifying and assessing the significant landscape setting successfully strategized in this study. The outcome helps to assess the landscape character in relation to working communities' experience for heritage urban river corridors in Malaysia. It also expands the conventional landscape character assessment through multiple methods, including site observation, ELS, and interviews.

Water is vital to all life forms. This study aimed to investigate the implication of stormwater harvesting on the sustainability of the rural water supply system, determine whether the existing water supply met water demand, examine factors that affected stormwater supply, and evaluate the potential for stormwater harvesting in augmenting rural water supply. The study intended to propose strategies that could be employed to ensure stormwater harvesting for sustainable rural water supply. It tested the assumptions that there was no significant difference between the existing water supply and water demand in the Mua settlement and that stormwater harvesting had significant potential for water supply in the Mua settlement. The study was anchored on the game theory, systems theory, evaporation and transpiration theory, theory of natural resources, and theory of integrated water resource management. More specifically, essential concepts in the study were the concept of sustainability and the concept of the Internet of water things. The study employed social and descriptive survey designs with qualitative and quantitative methods, using purposive, stratified, cluster, and random sampling techniques. The research found that in the Mua Hills settlement, water demand surpassed the supply of 8.7m3/day as of 2024, and stormwater harvesting was greatly hindered by the private land tenure that allowed residents to farm upstream, thus polluting any dams built. Based on spatial analysis, the study delineated 29.64% of the settlement as entirely unsuitable for development and recommended constructing small dams and water pans upstream to supply water downstream, as well as developing catchment planning and management policies, a catchment management strategy, and a catchment management unit to ensure sustainable stormwater harvesting. The study emphasized the need for a catchment-based approach to water resource management and called for further research on integrating land use and water resource conservation.

KEYWORDS: Deforestation, Land Use, Land Cover,  Stormwater, Water Resource, and Water Supply.

In Nagaland, a variety of practices and customs associated with Jhum exist that have not been documented and therefore can only be known by way of consultations and interactions with the village communities. We are extremely grateful to the traditional village headmen, members of the Village Councils and the members of Land Use Committees (LUCs) in the Government of Nagaland-GEF UNDP-Project villages who contributed generously to the extensive discussions. This Report has immensely benefited from the information and knowledge shared by Jhumias in Nagaland. We express our sincere thanks and deep appreciation to all those who contributed to this report, in particular to: Government of India: Mr. Vijay Bhushan Pathak, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DONER) for his overall guidance and encouragement and Shri S. N. Brohmo Choudhury, Economic Advisor to DONER for sharing his views, insights and ideas that were very useful for the Report.

AbstractThis case study investigated how a proposed National Environmental Standard for Plantation Forestry (NES) might affect management of a forestry site at which erosion and sedimentation concerns have been prominent, relative to the status quo. Of particular interest was whether some of the difficult management questions and related community concerns would be addressed any differently under the NES.<br>An evaluative approach was applied using criteria taken from relevant documents including Council plans and policies, NZFOA Code of Practice, and the most recent revision of the proposed NES. The case study site is a forestry block situated 20km north east of Whangarei in the Ngunguru River catchment, in Northland, New Zealand.<br><br>Evaluation of management practices during the recent rotation against industry guidelines identified a number of aspects that did not appear to meet the relevant guidelines. These included evidence of a lack of groundcover reestab...

Countries across the world aspire towards climate resilient sustainable development. The interacting processes of climate change, land change, and unprecedented social and technological change pose significant obstacles to these aspirations. The pace, intensity, and scale of these sizeable risks and vulnerabilities affect the central issues in sustainable development: how and where people live and work, access to essential resources and ecosystem services needed to sustain people in given locations, and the social and economic means to improve human wellbeing in the face of disruptions. This paper addresses the question: What are the characteristics of transformational adaptation and development in the context of profound changes in land and climate? To explore this question, this paper contains four case studies: managing storm water runoff related to the conversion of rural land to urban land in Indonesia; using a basket of interventions to manage social impacts of flooding in Nep...

Environmental Land Use Planning 136 areas is left to the federative states. On the other hand, overlaps is observed in the attributions of the local, state, or even federal administrations, and various undefined roles are identified, which make the task of coordination and sharing of the responsibilities even more complex. Based on these elements, and departing from Brazilian reality, the proposed chapter deals with the need of integration of land use planning with water resource management, seeking to establish relations between the types of land use, urban settlements and the problems involving urban flooding. A case study was developed for the Iguaçu-Sarapuí River Basin, located in the western portion of the Guanabara Bay Basin, which lies at the Rio de Janeiro State Metropolitan Region, in Brazil, and is one of the most critical areas in the state in relation to urban flooding. In this region, urban expansion dynamics is, in general, marked by irregular occupation of risk areas, without the appropriated infrastructure in terms of land tenure. The significant investments in infrastructure in progress in the region, mainly the construction of the Metropolitan Ring Road 1 will bring substantial transformation to the region current urban configuration. The scenarios built with the aid of mathematical modelling demonstrate that the disorderly urban expansion, induced by the accessibility to the rural areas in the interior of the region, may be degrading for the medium and long term urban flooding control in this basin.

Restauranteurs in Australian cities often resist local government car parking management regimes and advocate for increased parking provision in local planning. But are restauranteurs' views of the importance of car parking to their trade in line with reality? To explore this question this study surveyed restaurant businesses and customers in parallel at three restaurant precincts in inner-city Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The survey results indicate that restauranteurs and restaurant patrons have asymmetric views about the role of parking and the way it affects restaurant spend. This paper identifies two very different market segments when exploring the customer's travel mode preferences to access restaurants. These two segments are influenced by the built environment in their choice of restaurant location which in turn, gives implications for planning practice. The results show the way in which customers access a restaurant is influenced by the built environment of the location of restaurant. The analysis has also highlighted that an investigation of trip chaining behaviour as part of the access decision for dining would be a future avenue for research. This paper provides evidentiary support for planning policy in relation to parking. On the one hand, this paper shows how planning authorities can make better decisions about transport infrastructure supply and parking control in conjunction with the restaurant sector. On the other hand planners can use the outcome of this paper as a way to help businesses to understand that sustainable transport options may, contrary to their view, be beneficial to their bottom line.

There have been a number of studies conducted in the past on the potential for, and constraints to, horticultural development in Taranaki (see Chapter 3) but the statistics record a reduction in the areas of horticultural crops grown during the last decade, as Figure 1 shows. In 2002 the recorded area of outdoor vegetable crops comprised almost equal areas of potatoes and asparagus and very small (and not, therefore, reported) areas of a diverse range of other crops. In 2007 and 2012, the only vegetable crop of sufficient scale to be reported was potatoes. In 2002 there were 115 hectares of fruit production recorded, comprising approximately 50 hectares each of avocados and of kiwifruit, as well as small areas of other crops, particularly subtropical crops. By 2012 there was little kiwifruit production in Taranaki, and avocados, feijoas and tamarillos were the

There have been a number of studies conducted in the past on the potential for, and constraints to, horticultural development in Taranaki (see Chapter 3) but the statistics record a reduction in the areas of horticultural crops grown during the last decade, as Figure 1 shows. In 2002 the recorded area of outdoor vegetable crops comprised almost equal areas of potatoes and asparagus and very small (and not, therefore, reported) areas of a diverse range of other crops. In 2007 and 2012, the only vegetable crop of sufficient scale to be reported was potatoes. In 2002 there were 115 hectares of fruit production recorded, comprising approximately 50 hectares each of avocados and of kiwifruit, as well as small areas of other crops, particularly subtropical crops. By 2012 there was little kiwifruit production in Taranaki, and avocados, feijoas and tamarillos were the

The article reports the results of estimation of internal dump slope stability in flooded open pit coal mine Tamnava-West Field. The geostatic analysis of stability used methods by Bishop and Morgenstern-Price. The studies confirm that slopes of internal dump are sufficiently stable and sustain stability after drainage of the open pit.

We surveyed households within Cirebon Metropolitan Region (CMR) in Indonesia to assess ecohydrological changes and their impacts on urban and peri-urban liveability. Composite indices were developed based on the subjective assessment of selected liveability indicators representing socio-ecohydrological functions of the region. This study identified five underlying structures of satisfaction factors, viz., personal, residential, neighbourhood, regional, and watershed. The study shows that liveability satisfaction varied depending upon the level of urbanisation in the CMR. The study also indicates that the challenge to improve regional sustainability is significant in the urban-peri-urban transition zone where the poor are more likely to live and are more directly affected by urban expansion and degradation of the local ecosystem. The analytical framework developed in this study can help local and regional government agencies to examine holistic solutions that focus more on place-based needs for long-term liveability and sustainability.

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: transdisciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: transdisciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

Cities and Nature fosters high-quality multidisciplinary research addressing the interface between cities and the natural environment. It provides a valuable source of relevant knowledge for researchers, planners and policy-makers. The series welcomes empirically based, cutting-edge and theoretical research in urban geography, urban planning, environmental planning, urban ecology, regional science and economics. It publishes peer-reviewed edited and authored volumes on topics dealing with the urban and the environment nexus, including: spatial dynamics of urban built areas, urban and peri-urban agriculture, urban greening and green infrastructure, environmental planning, urban forests, urban ecology, regional dynamics and landscape fragmentation.

City leaders often make reference to their built and natural environments when they compete domestically or internationally for financial investment, tourism spending and high quality workers. These leaders are aware that people in the workforce, investors and tourists would prefer to be associated with vibrant and attractive places. Research has

Water is the main element for the survival of human life and other living things. The availability of water is not only the responsibility of the government but also involves the community in its preservation through water-friendly behavior in the community. In fact, many residents have not yet realized the importance of saving water and maintaining water sources around it. One way to improve water-friendly behavior is through a process of communication between citizens in the community. This study aimed to analyze the structure of communication networks among citizens in an effort to build water-friendly behavior in densely populated communities that experience limited water. Primary data was obtained through surveys on 50 respondents who were equipped with qualitative data through interviews. The data were analyzed by the sociometric method and showed that the structure of the communication network in establishing water-friendly behavior was in the form of radial personal networks...

We present a draft Minimum Information about Geospatial Information System (MIaGIS) standard for facilitating public deposition of geospatial information system (GIS) datasets that follows the FaIR (Findable, accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles. the draft MIaGIS standard includes a deposition directory structure and a minimum javascript object notation (JSON) metadata formatted file that is designed to capture critical metadata describing GIS layers and maps as well as their sources of data and methods of generation. the associated miagis Python package facilitates the creation of this MIAGIS metadata file and directly supports metadata extraction from both Esri JSON and GEOJSON GIS data formats plus options for extraction from user-specified JSON formats. We also demonstrate their use in crafting two example depositions of ArcGIS generated maps. We hope this draft MIaGIS standard along with the supporting miagis Python package will assist in establishing a GIS standards group that will develop the draft into a full standard for the wider GIS community as well as a future public repository for GIS datasets.

The Canterbury region of New Zealand was rocked by major earthquakes on the 4 th September 2010 and 22 nd February 2011. The quakes caused extensive land, infrastructure and building damage particularly in the Eastern suburbs of Christchurch city. Almost 450 hectares of residential and public land was designated as a 'Red Zone' unsuitable for residential redevelopment because damage was significant and extensive, engineering solutions were uncertain, and repairs would be protracted. Subsequent demolition of all housing and infrastructure has left a blank canvass of land stretching along the Avon River corridor from the CBD to the sea. Initially the official-and enormously controversial-position was that this land would 'lie fallow' until engineering solutions could be found. This paper presents an application of a choice experiment (CE) that identified and assessed Christchurch residents' preferences for different land use options of this Red Zone. Results demonstrated strong public support for the development of a recreational reserve comprising a unique natural environment with native fauna and flora, healthy wetlands and rivers, and recreational opportunities that align with this vision. By highlighting the value of this expanded range of alternatives, the CE provided a platform for public participation and expanded the conversational terrain upon which redevelopment policy took place. We conclude the method has value for land use decision-making beyond the disaster recovery context.

The environmental consequences of the decision to urbanise and displace peri-urban (PU) food production are not typically evaluated within a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach. Using a novel application of life cycle assessment (LCA) within exploratory scenarios, a method for integrating housing and food production land uses in PU regions is proposed, based on relative environmental impacts. Using two housing types (greenfield and infill) and two types of food production (field and high-technology greenhouse (HTG) lettuce production), environmental impacts for five exploratory land-use scenarios are compared for PU land in a developed and growing city. Each scenario is able to house an equivalent residential population whilst delivering equal quantities of fresh food to a city market. The results clearly indicate that infill housing and food production has less environmental impact than greenfield development. The environmental impact categories of climate change, freshwater eutrophication, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation and human toxicity are reduced by 25-43 percent under infill scenarios. Sparing PU land through infill housing development combined with sustainable food intensification using HTG production, enabled multifunctional PU land-use including food production, housing and afforestation while delivering lower relative environmental impacts. Urban afforestation on PU land made available by these measures reduces the effect of climate change by up to 5 percent per hectare per year.

Anthropogenic influences on the hydrological network in the lower part of the Kolubara River have been notably intensive since 1959, when huge river regulation works were constructed to open new mining fields for lignite exploitation. From that moment, the Kolubara River flowed through the Pestan's riverbed (its right tributary), and the bank erosion became stronger, resulting in the lateral migration of the river course on one hand and land loss, land use changes, and economic consequences on the other hand. The economic effects caused by bank erosion were analysed both via the loss of land and the reduction in the volume of agricultural production. In the period 1967-2010, bank erosion caused a land loss of 67.3 ha, including 39.6 ha of arable land. The total value of the land loss by 2010 was 80,560 USD, and the total loss in agricultural production was 634,240 USD (1982=100). The second aim of this study was to investigate the costs and benefits of bank protection using the method of bank revetment construction at the moment bank erosion became more intense and during the latest phases. The results of this research suggest that any delay in the investment in Kolubara River bank protection could be adverse. If the bank revetment along the endangered river banks was built in 1967, all investments would have been recovered through income from agricultural production and selling the lost land by 2010. The results should provide information for river engineering, environmental planners and policy makers who must deal with decisions regarding planning and the protection of bank erosion.

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: transdisciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas Indonesia 2015 classified the vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity in nine indicators covering food availability, food access and food utilization. The program was focused in 2 district (Manokwari and Merauke) in Papua region, Indonesia, from August 2015 for multi-years activities. Program was developed in cooperation between Kemendes PDTT (Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Areas and Transmigration); UGM Yogyakarta and local goverment of each District. According to the performance of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, all 14 districts in priority group 1 that most vulnerable to food insecurity are all in Papua. There are five key issues related to food insecurity in Papua region, namely: Child stunting, Normative Consumption per Capita Ratio (NCPR), Percentage of people living below the poverty line, Percentage of households without access to clean and safe drinking-water, and poor families. The availability of food especially the production of rice, maize, cassava in Manokwari and Merauke were relatively less developed. The percentage of children under 5 who are more than-2 standard deviations (-2 SD) from their age and gender-specific reference heights (2005 WHO standards) were more than 40%. Based on the indicators the ratio of consumption to production in Manokwari was relatively high deficits (> 1.50) due to the limited rice area. Percentage of villages with no access to land and natural fresh water is quite low (<10%), because of large area and high presipitation in Papua. The poverty was high (25-35%) causes a low access to food, about 30-40% of households have no access to clean water directly. Manokwari and Merauke district have optimal edaphic factors (land area, vast land, not yet explored land, relatively fertile soil, ample water resources, natural, no pollution, low accessibility), optimum agro-climatic factor (high rainfall, optimum temperature, strong sunlight intensity, throughout the year), optimum potential biological factors (high biodiversity, high growth, high cultivating potential, still not intensive farming and livestock), socioeconomic culture factor that is less than optimal (nature high-dependency, indigenous peoples' traditional, low population density, lack of education, high poverty, bad nutrition, natural clean water, low ethos, low resilience, low adaptability, more progressive immigrant communities). Their disaster-prone conditions will determine areas vulnerable to food. The potential of agro-ecosystems that have great potential as a major leverage to the strong regional food if managed properly. Development of master plan for food security 2015-2019 through (i) capacity building of human resources, (ii) natural resource management (iii) business management, would give smart and futuristic perpective program for food security.

The background of this research is based on the Haze that happens almost every year in South Kalimantan. Society are questioning the Government's Responsibility of this annual disaster in South Kalimantan. The purpose of this research is to analyze the reasons underlying the possibility to Impose Criminal Liability for Haze in South Kalimantan to the Government Officials, and to describe the form of criminal liability of the Government as environmental policy stakeholders on haze in South Kalimantan. This research is a normative legal research using statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study are: First, as a legal/law subject, the Government of South Kalimantan Province also has rights and obligations. Therefore, the Government is classified as a legal/law subject that can also be asked for its criminal liability. In addition, the negligence of the Government in South Kalimantan related to Haze could be criminalized based on the criminalization theory. Second, according to the Act Number 32/2009 on the Environmental Protection and Management, it has not been regulated about criminal sanction for the negligent government which resulted a repeated environmental pollution that harms the society. Thus, if then formulated in the Act Number 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, then a criminal act that can be imposed is a material crime committed by the Government in the form of an impure passive criminal action with imprisonment and fine as sanction.

The growth, development and urban densification are related to consumption and energy dependence. In relation to the consumption of electric energy, such as cities and their regions with predominance of residential, commercial and more vulnerable services. It is vital the understanding of the various interactions between people and energy of utmost importance for 21st century cities and their spatial behavior and distribution. Cities can be understood as Urban Energy Systems-SEU, which represent the combined processes of consumption and energy acquisition as a supply of demands of an urban population. Systems, represented by cities, regions, subdistricts and districts are like space units, infrastructure facilities consisting of homes, buildings, schools, business centers, large shopping centers and streets that connect these space units. The energy issue is closely related to a spatial occupation and distribution of cities. Therefore, this paper explores this conceptual discussion, based on the theoretical and philosophical development of socioecological systems, comes with the main objective of serving as a tool for subsidizing urban energy planning and a proposal of public policies for a reduction of urban energy vulnerability. Keywords-urban energy systems, urban energy vulnerability, electricity, spatial analysis, public policies. I. II. CITIES AND SYSTEMS 2.1 Cities Many definitions presented for cities are based on historic, social, and political aspects. In this regard, some concepts by referenced authors are presented, pertinent to this research. In Brazil, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2010), about 84.36% of

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: transdisciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

Environmental Land Use Planning 220 relevant to them was not part of the so-called formal perspective of the government and thus was ignored. Meaningful participation was no longer possible for them, and this resulted in active, self-organized powerful resistance to the policy. Today more and more initiatives can be found involving farmers who organize themselves in interaction with other actors in the countryside, sharing similar problems or similar ideals, and explicitly avoiding the involvement of governments. The reason is that they no longer want to be confronted with policies that have been designed without their involvement and thus do not fit neither daily farming practices nor their identity as a farmer. In addition, they do not want to be dependent on the continuously changing rules and restrictions that they encounter when they, for instance, try to apply for a subsidy such as the Agri-Environment Scheme. Instead, they experiment and invest together, in collective management of nature at their farms, in collective meadow ownership, or in new co-operations for the production of biogas as an alternative energy source. These self-organizing initiatives are characterized by high commitment and responsibility, resulting in responsible and sustainable behaviours that go beyond the individual.

The flow of capital between cities has shaped both the global urban network and the internal structure of cities. Chinese cities have attracted a substantial amount and variety of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the past two decades. The intra-urban distribution of FDI and the location of fixed assets have been significant in their restructuring. This paper investigates the causes and consequences of different patterns of FDI within Chinese cities using Shanghai as a case study.

In this study, we developed agro sector mapping of current condition, problems, threats, potentials, and strategic policies in rural area in East Seram, Maluku Province especially in Bula District. The aims of the agro mapping was to make food security planning in East Seram. The mapping process was conducted through literature study, observations, and data collecting through focus group discussion. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. We also collected the data based on 9 indicators of food security before and after 5 years of intervention in livestock program and capacity building. The data were calculated for their indicators and composite values, then analyzed to define food security improvement. Based on the data, livestock were still raised traditionally on pastures. To enhance food-security, the resilience should be built through: (1) the improvement of land productivity, including infrastructure, facilities for intensive livestock systems, and optimization of dr...

New Zealand was the first country in the world to adopt surf break protection within its resource management policy framework.Surf breaks are now specifically provided for under the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (NZCPS) 2010. It is anticipated that there will be a period in which councils transition from the NZCPS 1994 in implementing the new national requirement. This will be reflected in regional and district council policies and plans through review of currently operative documents. This is a critical time for those with interests in surf breaks to make sure that national level policies are reflected appropriately at regional and local management levels.There are significant implementation challenges and opportunities to learn from overseas experience. There is also a risk that planners will fail to develop effective methods to address surf break management and merely entrench the processes that have led to past degradation. This report provides an overview of the contempo...

The study investigated the level of access and utilization of traditional medicine for treatment of malaria among rural households in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents; ascertained the level of access to traditional medicine; ascertained the extent of utilization of traditional medicine and determined factors influencing access and utilization of traditional medicine in the study area. Data for the study were collected from (80) respondents using structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Tobit regression). The result showed that 55.0% of the respondents were males, average age of 58.45 years, 81.2% were married and 45.0% had secondary education. The study further revealed that respondents had high a ccess to medicinal plants from market (mean = 2.35) and traditional medical practitioners (mean = 2.36). The respondents highly utilized traditional medicine with grand mean of 2.0. Tobit regression result showed that coefficient of age, years of education, income and farming experience influenced access to traditional medicine at 1% probability level. Coefficients of gender, age, occupation and income at 1%, 5%, 1% and 1% probability level respectively influenced utilization of traditional medicine in the study area. The study concluded that there was moderate access and high utilization of traditional medicine for treatment of malaria in the study area, and recommended ensuring appropriate information on traditional medicine for effective access and utilization. Keywords-Access, Traditional Medicine and Rural Farmers. I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Traditional medicine refers to health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plants, animals and minerals based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual

Abstract: Pakistan&#x27;s economy heavily relies on agriculture sector which accounts for a quarter of its GDP and employs two-fifths of total labourforce. Pakistan is located in a semiarid to arid region where rainfall is very low. The agriculture mainly depends on the Indus River System (IRS) for ninety percent of its irrigation needs, which also supply by about thirty percent of its total energy generation. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-Fourth Assessment Report (IPPC-AR4), the world temperature is bound ...

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: transdisciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

New Zealand was the first country in the world to adopt surf break protection within its resource management policy framework.Surf breaks are now specifically provided for under the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (NZCPS) 2010. It is anticipated that there will be a period in which councils transition from the NZCPS 1994 in implementing the new national requirement. This will be reflected in regional and district council policies and plans through review of currently operative documents. This is a critical time for those with interests in surf breaks to make sure that national level policies are reflected appropriately at regional and local management levels.There are significant implementation challenges and opportunities to learn from overseas experience. There is also a risk that planners will fail to develop effective methods to address surf break management and merely entrench the processes that have led to past degradation. This report provides an overview of the contempo...

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The long-term simulation of soil erosion and transport of contaminants and nutrients process in a river basin allows us to predict the impacts generated by the alterations of the environment and the scope of the potential contamination. The use of modeling tools such as SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) that integrates basin-level information on land use and management for hydrological simulation, requires specific data of soil and land use to define the Hydrological Response Units (HRU). These HRU are the basis of the simulation, grouping HRU according to hydrological response characteristics. The availability of quality data at the regional level is a key factor for obtaining robust models. One of the greatest shortcomings is found in obtaining hydropedological data bases associated with soil GIS shape.

Water is the main element for the survival of human life and other living things. The availability of water is not only the responsibility of the government but also involves the community in its preservation through water-friendly behavior in the community. In fact, many residents have not yet realized the importance of saving water and maintaining water sources around it. One way to improve water-friendly behavior is through a process of communication between citizens in the community. This study aimed to analyze the structure of communication networks among citizens in an effort to build water-friendly behavior in densely populated communities that experience limited water. Primary data was obtained through surveys on 50 respondents who were equipped with qualitative data through interviews. The data were analyzed by the sociometric method and showed that the structure of the communication network in establishing water-friendly behavior was in the form of radial personal networks...

Disaster recovery involves the restoration, repair and rejuvenation of both hard and soft infrastructure. In this report we present observations from seven case studies of collaborative planning from post-earthquake Canterbury, each of which was selected as a means of better understanding 'soft infrastructure for hard times'. Though our investigation is located within a disaster recovery context, we argue that the lessons learned are widely applicable. Our seven case studies highlighted that the nature of the planning process or journey is as important as the planning objective or destination. A focus on the journey can promote positive outcomes in and of itself through building enduring relationships, fostering diverse leaders, developing new skills and capabilities, and supporting translation and navigation. Collaborative planning depends as much upon emotional intelligence as it does technical competence, and we argue that having a collaborative attitude is more important than following prescriptive collaborative planning formulae. Being present and allowing plenty of time are also key. Although deliberation is often seen as an improvement on technocratic and expertdominated decision-making models, we suggest that the focus in the academic literature on communicative rationality and discursive democracy has led us to overlook other more active forms of planning that occur in various sites and settings. Instead, we offer an expanded understanding of what planning is, where it happens and who is involved. We also suggest more attention be given to values, particularly in terms of their role as a compass for navigating the terrain of decision-making in the collaborative planning process. We conclude with a revised model of a (collaborative) decision-making cycle that we suggest may be more appropriate when (re)building better homes, towns and cities.

Diversifying tenure on public housing estates, it is frequently claimed, helps to create a healthy social mix and leads to the establishment of balanced communities. This viewpoint stems from the perception that social and economic problems are reinforced on certain estates by the concentration of disadvantaged households. Residents in these areas, it is maintained, are isolated from the wider community, have fewer opportunities to gain education and employment, and are more likely to be engaged in antisocial behaviour or suffer their effects. Diversifying tenure, it is suggested, remedies these problems, creates 'social capital' and leads to a more sustainable social environment. While this perspective has reinforced the strategy of sale and transfer of stock in neighbourhood regeneration over the last decade in both Australia and the UK, much of the research evidence that exists, in both contexts, questions the effectiveness of the strategy. Conceptual difficulties are also apparent in current debates about the nature and role of social capital and the type of 'social cohesion' that is being aimed for. This presents particular difficulties to those wishing to empirically test policy outcomes.

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: transdisciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

Rapid urbanization and water scarcity in Indonesian cities are fuelling the demand for more diversified water sources to meet demand (ADB, 2016). The sustainable use and appropriation of public spaces in Indonesia is one of the lowest in the world (Althoff et al, 2017). This is partly because of the lack of connected and enjoyable walking tracks and open spaces, and lack of a more sustainable and integrated urban design approach including water and vegetation that can interact as active agents for the filtering, cleaning and reduction of stormwater runoff and greywater into the main urban streams or for re-use purposes (Tanan & Darmoyono, 2017). This paper presents the experience of a participatory approach applying a Water Sensitive Design Framework (Wong et al, 2012) to the design of public open spaces in the city of Bogor in Indonesia, with a focus on the active transformation of public space with Green-Blue Infrastructure as a catalyst for community integration, environmental re...

ENGLISH: Diabetes and Endokrinology Heatlhcare Center is a health service facility that specifically handles disease complications in Diabetes, including diseases caused by excessive sugar and fat in a centralized, comprehensive and integrated in one place. The treatment carried out in this hospital is not only focused on medical treatment, but also prioritizes on the process of biophilia or non-medical treatment, for patients. The combination of medical treatment and biophilia made a breakthrough and follow-up for the Indonesian government due to the increasing rate of diabetes sufferers every year, but many people still not quite believe with conventional medical treatment. So this Diabetes Hospital is very important. Carrying the Biophilic Architecture design methode, the Diabetes Hospital tries to optimize the fast-healing in patients with non-medical methods. Biophilic architecture focuses on psychotherapy and also human being that are born from natulary from the earth. With th...

Anthropogenic influences on the hydrological network in the lower part of the Kolubara River have been notably intensive since 1959, when huge river regulation works were constructed to open new mining fields for lignite exploitation. From that moment, the Kolubara River flowed through the Pestan's riverbed (its right tributary), and the bank erosion became stronger, resulting in the lateral migration of the river course on one hand and land loss, land use changes, and economic consequences on the other hand. The economic effects caused by bank erosion were analysed both via the loss of land and the reduction in the volume of agricultural production. In the period 1967-2010, bank erosion caused a land loss of 67.3 ha, including 39.6 ha of arable land. The total value of the land loss by 2010 was 80,560 USD, and the total loss in agricultural production was 634,240 USD (1982=100). The second aim of this study was to investigate the costs and benefits of bank protection using the method of bank revetment construction at the moment bank erosion became more intense and during the latest phases. The results of this research suggest that any delay in the investment in Kolubara River bank protection could be adverse. If the bank revetment along the endangered river banks was built in 1967, all investments would have been recovered through income from agricultural production and selling the lost land by 2010. The results should provide information for river engineering, environmental planners and policy makers who must deal with decisions regarding planning and the protection of bank erosion.