Community Planning

Utomhuslek har visat sig vara viktig för barns utveckling. Men då städerna förtätas återstår allt färre allmänna platser där barn kan vistas på sina egna villkor. Därmed ställs högre krav på skol- och förskolegårdar att fylla barns behov. För att möta nya krav och omständigheter lanserade Boverket år 2015 ett allmänt råd som ska specificera de lagkrav som ställs på kvalitet i utemiljön kring skola och förskola. Även en vägledning publicerades som ska tjäna till kunskap och inspiration kring hur barns utemiljöer kan planeras, utformas, skötas och förvaltas. Dessa åtgärder blev startskottet för flera svenska kommuner att bearbeta nationella mål och riktlinjer till lokala förutsättningar. Detta examensarbete inom landskapsarkitektur har tagit avstamp i det arbete som sker i projektet Hållbara Utemiljöer som bedrivs i Nacka kommun utanför Stockholm. En av målsättningarna i projektet Hållbara Utemiljöer är att utveckla ett lokalt anpassat planeringsverktyg. Denna fråga undersöks i examen...

This book is written in the Teetł’it Gwich’in dialect and in English. The stories are told by Mary Martha Firth and are aimed for children 6-12 years of age. The story has an accompanying audio track where the story is read aloud in Gwich'in. The stories were taken from Mary Martha’s stories as they appear in Our Whole Gwich’in Way of Life Has Changed / Gwich’in K’yuu Gwiidandài’ Tthak Ejuk Gòonlih Stories from the People of the Land. By Leslie McCartney and Gwich'in Tribal Council. Published by University of Alberta Press (2020).

This book is written in the Gwichya Gwich’in dialect and in English. The stories are told by Antoine (Tony) Andre and are aimed for children 6-12 years of age. The story has an accompanying audio track where the story is read aloud in Gwich'in. The stories were taken from Antoine’s stories as they appear in Our Whole Gwich’in Way of Life Has Changed / Gwich’in K’yuu Gwiidandài’ Tthak Ejuk Gòonlih Stories from the People of the Land. By Leslie McCartney and Gwich'in Tribal Council. Published by University of Alberta Press (2020).

In recent years, resilience theory has come to occupy the core of our understanding and management of the adaptive capacity of people and places in complex social and environmental systems. Despite this, tourism scholars have been slow to adopt resilience concepts, at a time when the emergence of new frameworks and applications is pressing. Drawing on original empirical and theoretical insights in resilience thinking, this book explores how tourism communities and economies respond to environmental changes, both fast (natural hazard disasters) and slow (incremental shifts). It explores how tourism places adapt, change, and sometimes transform (or not) in relation to their environmental context, with an awareness of intersection with societal dynamics and links to political, economic and social drivers of change. Contributions draw on empirical research conducted in a range of international settings, including indigenous communities, to explore the complexity and gradations of environmental change encounters and resilience planning responses in a range of tourism contexts. As the first book to specifically focus on environmental change from a resilience perspective, this timely and original work makes a critical contribution to tourism studies, tourism management and environmental geography, as well as environmental sciences and development studies.

Generosity naturally reflects the idea of abundance, larger or plentiful. However, generosity as a language in architecture is vaguely understood, as it has neither a particular scheme nor definite form. This thesis focuses on the idea of generosity in architecture by exploring the language of generosity in providing a generous living for refugees resettling in New Zealand. It concerns the condition of living within a refugee resettlement centre when refugees spend their first six-week orientation program to prepare them for a new life in New Zealand.  Through design-led research process, the project takes the concept of elementary geometry from children’s drawing of a house and evolves by extracting the language of generosity to form an architecture. Anything that could be simple to us could mean more to others. Hence, the act of provocation in the simplicity of form, scale, scheme, and colour could transform our perception on “generosity”, and thus it gives the potential for archi...

This contribution offers a first reflection on two field research experiences carried out in the context of two projects aiming to create urban food policies in two medium-sized cities: Bergamo and Trento. In particular, it reflects on the factors that favour and hinder the spread of good practices of responsible consumption and production -the so-called Alternative Food Networks or AFNs -and on the collaboration between civil society actors and institutions. After a first introductory part and before outlining the characteristics of the two contexts taken into examination, the chapter discusses the methodology adopted called "research for action", a particular approach building upon participatory action research traditions in the human and social sciences which aims to support the exchange and the collaboration among actors involved in the local food system to facilitate collective action through the use of different tools including digital maps, in-depth interviews and focus groups. In conclusion, it reflects on which approaches and tools may be utilized to encourage the participation of social actors with institutions to address the problems of the current system of production, consumption and distribution of food (starting from the local scale), in order to better utilize the opportunities for 1 Le politiche urbane del cibo, seppur siano guidate dalle amministrazioni locali dei due capoluoghi, hanno solitamente come territorio di riferimento l'ambito provinciale (e non solo), in particolare rispetto alla produzione del cibo che è definito "a km zero". dissemination and coordination of good environmental and social practices in the development of participatory and sustainable food policies.

Community Engagement in planning, intended as a community shared decision making process achieved through consultation, is today required more than ever.
Current laws, planning advice notes, and a multitude of handbooks and guidelines from governmental and private entities addressed to either community groups or private practices specify the importance of Community Engagement and moreover encourage its practice. Engaging the public in activities or consulting the wider community for feedback is now one of the most widespread necessities in politics and therefore, in planning. Drafts of National Plans and laws use the principles of consultation to incorporate an assessment by the whole community. While the relevance of the policy aspect of Community Engagement is increasing, its technical application remains unclear. In particular, the adaptability of Community Engagement to particular situations is difficult to define, and therefore its application is challenging for practitioners. Community Engagement for the practitioner is often time-consuming, expensive and can sometimes lead to practitioner-conditioned outputs or to an unclear vision of the community as a whole. This paper provides a structured tool for practitioners to set up Community Engagement processes in decision making for urban development and regeneration under a variety of circumstances. The tool is innovative in its systematic way of organising currently available and tested methodologies. Its structure provides support in choosing the methodologies that best fit the user and, moreover, suggests the most suitable links between them. By using the tool, practitioners can review a wide range of existent techniques in a short time, use our ‘six step structure’ to build effective professional products, and use our ‘selection matrix’ to fit professional products to specific projects based on the single practice’s needs. The tool, developed in the form of a web site, includes a comprehensive overview of Community Engagement methods in order to maintain a wide range of possibilities for practitioners to self-select a methodology fitting their projects; this level of flexibility has been developed considering the effectiveness of community engagement processes as the most important feature. This work is motivated by the necessity of a well known planning firm to optimise its Community Engagement approach.

Interpreting issues associated with the supply of suitable, affordable, socially inclusive housing in rural areas requires analysis through a different lens to that of urban housing. This paper reports a case study of the development of a community housing strategy in a rural district in Aotearoa New Zealand. A coproduction of knowledge approach was used to support a community agency to define and address an array of local housing issues and develop a strategy to improve housing outcomes. We interpret the process undertaken to develop the housing strategy and conclude with a discussion of the relevance of a coconstruction of knowledge approach. We also reflect on the importance of strong local leadership and commitment of resources to building local capacity and capability in rural regeneration planning.

Přispěvek popisuje a analyzuje v systemove přistupu proces komunitniho planovani – jeho faze od obecných informaci (MPSV) přes informace aplikovane v procesu komunitniho planovani socialnich služeb v Pardubicich až po konkretni výstupy z pracovni skupiny. The paper describes and analyses the process of community planning and its phases: general information (The Ministry os Social Affairs); information applied in the process of community planning of social services in Pardubice and specific issues of the „working group“

The Revitalization Plan for Downtown El Campo is a planning document that provides guidance for the development of Downtown El Campo. This planning document includes an overview and analysis of the existing conditions in the City of El Campo and the El Campo Downtown Revitalization Area, a design proposal with vision, goals, and objectives for enhancing Downtown El Campo and a detailed implementation chapter for successful execution of the plan.

AbstractThis case study investigated how a proposed National Environmental Standard for Plantation Forestry (NES) might affect management of a forestry site at which erosion and sedimentation concerns have been prominent, relative to the status quo. Of particular interest was whether some of the difficult management questions and related community concerns would be addressed any differently under the NES.<br>An evaluative approach was applied using criteria taken from relevant documents including Council plans and policies, NZFOA Code of Practice, and the most recent revision of the proposed NES. The case study site is a forestry block situated 20km north east of Whangarei in the Ngunguru River catchment, in Northland, New Zealand.<br><br>Evaluation of management practices during the recent rotation against industry guidelines identified a number of aspects that did not appear to meet the relevant guidelines. These included evidence of a lack of groundcover reestab...

Asbestos contamination on the site can be abated and the contaminated areas used as recreational area. Approximately 150 units of housing are required to balance the increased costs of site preparation. There is a significant demand for multifamily affordable housing. The site has many unique assets such as its location, size of the site, and topological features which enhance the desirability for development.

Una transformación urbana sostenible, democrática, resiliente e inclusiva significa trabajar con la comunidad local, dándole la oportunidad de colaborar en la creación de la ciudad. Esta investigación estudia la relación que existe entre creatividad gráfica y participación ciudadana para su aplicación en arquitectura y universidades, tanto en los  procesos arquitectónicos para construir la ciudad como en los procesos de estrategias y medios para operar. En las Escuelas, se permite entrever nuevas maneras de aprendizaje alternativo. Como método de análisis, nos centramos en ejemplos,  incluyendo disciplinas gráficas y de implementación tecnológica, pero también prácticas de arte urbano que surgieron de las luchas ciudadanas. Los resultados enseñan que se  puede enseñar el proyecto urbano incorporando el diseño colaborativo, con herramientas como el arte callejero, el dibujo, los mapas colectivos o el urbanismo táctico, como medio de enriquecimiento de los procesos creativos y artísti...

Conviviality is a term which is used widely in sociology (Ivan Illich 2002, Deegan 1989, Bonnett 2010, Flanagan 2010), but not as much in urban planning and design. Various scholars of urban space have identified a lack of interaction (Gehl 2011, Peter Hall 2011), absence of life in the streets (La Cecla 2012, Scully 2003), loss of social capital (Putman 1996, Olenburg 1989), and disminishing equity (Zukin 2010, Harvey 1997) in public spaces. We view this as a need for conviviality (Simon & Belran 2015). This paper continues our ongoing research, identifying a set of factors of conviviality and proposing metrics for post-occupancy evaluation of existing public spaces. Three broad branches are identified as necessary conditions for convivial environments: physical spaces that are flexible, changing and adaptable; processes and outcomes based in equity, integrity and democracy; and urban uses and solutions that correspond to people’s needs and desires. Within each branch we propose ke...

Chapter 2 Framing the research * Exactly what Agenda 21 committed governments and local authorities to is not clear, since the text itself is inconsistent, and the meanings of the key terms are ambiguous. These important matters are dealt with in Chapters Four and Five -what is significant here is the apparent and assumed simplicity and linearity of the process set in train by Agenda 21. * Also known as 'transcendental realism'. For present purposes the distinctions between these are irrelevant, and Andrew Sayer's term, 'critical realism', has been adopted.

Přispěvek popisuje a analyzuje v systemove přistupu proces komunitniho planovani – jeho faze od obecných informaci (MPSV) přes informace aplikovane v procesu komunitniho planovani socialnich služeb v Pardubicich až po konkretni výstupy z pracovni skupiny. The paper describes and analyses the process of community planning and its phases: general information (The Ministry os Social Affairs); information applied in the process of community planning of social services in Pardubice and specific issues of the „working group“

This paper examines specific problems facing community service delivery in rural Australia and efforts to overcome these deficiencies. The generic term "rural" is advantageous in that it delineates particular problems facing rural communities, aids in resource allocation, raises public awareness of rural disadvantage, and provides an understanding of qualitative factors associated with rural living. Disadvantages of using such a broad categorization include the lumping together of nonrelated communities, perpetuation of rural myths, and stigmatization of all rural communities as disadvantaged. Common problems of rural community service delivery include distance, isolation, and coordination of services; lack of infrastructure and resources; recruitment of service professionals; limited skill base of service delivery agencies; increased demands upon community organizations concerning accountability and outcomes; and poorly defined roles for local government. Past models of rural service delivery have failed because they were based on urban models, used culturally inappropriate practices, or did not integrate services. The Division of Community Services Development (Queensland) has sought to overcome these deficiencies by developing programs through a participatory local planning process that emphasizes building community self-reliance. Programs provide integrated services based on local priorities, deliver emergency relief and social support services to farm families in drought areas, promote social-impact assessment of development projects, provide "limited hours" child care, and help Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island women to develop local child and family services. Contains 15 references. (LP) U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION olla of Edu Cat,Oha, Peseen h and 4,,,p/nvernent E DUCA nONA, RE SOURCES INFORMATION CENTE R (ERIC' re4.5 do< omen! has be,, ,eiD,00,Kecl as ',owned from the de,SOn ohjantzahon ong.nahng .1 Mno-changes have been "'aide to trnprone ,eptOduthOh Quaid), po,nia of .ev. ogan.ons Staled .n trhs dOC Ten! do 001 heCessahh, hsweseni othc.a.

The Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) concept suggests that natural surveillance, natural access control, and territoriality can be effectively applied to schools and surrounding environments to provide safety for students and teachers. This document presents the essential concepts of the CPTED and examines how the main office within a school can serve as the critical component in safe school design. A CPTED principle suggests that a well designed office should serve as the guardian at the gate, with excellent surveillance outside and inside the school, especially up and down hallways, the entry area, parking lots, drop off areas, and playing fields. Progressively higher levels of security design for the main entry and office areas are diagramed providing benefits and disadvantages of each. (Contains 16 references.) (GR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

Two problem identification surveys conducted to support Extension Community and Resource Development programs in South Carolina's rural Williamsburg County focused on some implications for citizen involvement in public decision making, specifically in rural community development. A 1975 survey of 41 leaders and 1976 citizen survey of 214 rural households showed differences in perception of priority problem areas great enough to warrant inclusion of citizens' surveys as a component in community decision making. Due to differences in survey methodology and time, rankings of spacific items were not compared; bowever, industry and jobs, health care and medical facilities, and recreation were topics of concern_ on both _surveys. To gauge attitudes and kebavicr relating to public involvement, citizens were asked the extent of their involvement and attitude toward public expenditures. Data indicated a distinction between citizen involvement (few had been directly involved with solving identified problems bbl serving on committees, as leaders, or by openly supporting public f'fficials) and participation (a somewhat larger proportion would pay additional taxes to have someone else solve problems). Educational programs are needed to clarify "functions of citizen participation and appropriateness of various strategies, though periodic,problem identification surveys were offered as essential components of citizen participation programs. (RS)

This chapter describes an impact evaluation of the Narcotics Nuisance Abatement Unit (NNAU) of the Cook County (Chicago) State's Attorney's Office (CCSAO). A central feature of the program is its emphasis on citizen and police cooperation in identifying properties on which drug sales are occurring. The program began in August 1990 and has become part of a community-based drug control strategy targeting buildings that are sites for drug trafficking or sales of drug paraphernalia. Neighborhood groups, police and other government agencies contact the program to make it aware of such nuisances. The NNAU employs three strategies: voluntary abatement, prosecutorial abatement and community outreach. The current chapter deals with the NNAU's effects on residents' perceptions and on subsequent drug dealing. A survey of residents living on blocks with and without abatement actions produced no evidence that evictions had any impact on citizens' perceptions of drug activity, other signs of disorder or feelings of safety on the block. Follow-up observations found no signs of drug dealing at eight of the ten abated buildings studied or on the blocks on which they were located.

Two decades into the 21st century, and the City, one of the most complex human artefacts, continues its transformation. Urbanization processes carry on in different ways and pace across the globe. Along with it, the complexity of urban problems increases and the public debate for their solutions intensifies, while the key urban questions remain classical: How do we imagine cities and urban development in the decades to come? And how do we make it happen?

This special section addresses the geographies of knowledge and expertise across contemporary environmental and planning challenges. Understanding the changing role of expert knowledge and how it weaves its way into policy and decision-making is more important than ever given the mammoth challenges we face. Different forms of expertise can often be conflicting and competing with one another, reflecting the power relations underpinning their deployment. The four papers in this special section from geography and planning speak to the diverse knowledge claims and networks of expertise that shape and seek to challenge contemporary decision-making. The special section reflects on how embedded expertise operates across different sectors and scales. It pays attention to how expertise can become destabilised across particular geographies, as the mobility of knowledge generated in one context is deployed elsewhere. By attending to the multiplicities of knowledge at play across environmental and planning challenges, the papers break down the assumption that there is a single form of expertise.

Nowadays, participatory processes in architectural design for children are considered by many architects. Children&#39;s drawings are often used as the participation tool, and the results of participation depend on the architect&#39;s interpretation of these drawings. The main problem is the degree of applicability of participation results with children in a given area to children in other areas. Children participating in different participatory processes do not possess the same characteristics of the living environment. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of children&#39;s living environment on the results of participatory processes by examining the role of children&#39;s living environment in shaping the content of the drawing. To this end, 100 urban and rural children in a participatory process draw on a common design theme. Then, the authors compared and analyzed the content of the drawings. The results showed that the content of children&#39;s drawings mainly reflect...

Neighbourhood cohesion is a desirable outcome of socially sustainable communities. However, such an outcome is not necessarily associated with suburban master-planned communities. This empirical research measures affective and interactive dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion and their correlations with residents’ perception of neighbourhood uniqueness. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, it considers the physical and social attributes of two suburban neighbourhoods in Calgary to provide an in-depth interpretation of similarities and differences in neighbourhood cohesion. The findings address an important aspect of community planning associated with the attractiveness of semi-gated suburban living in low-density developments embedded in the natural environment. Keywords: neighbourhood cohesion, semi-gated suburb, sense of community, community planning, uniqueness

A job opportunity-based curriculum planning model was developed for high school vocational agriculture programs. Three objectives were to identify boundaries of the geographical area within which past program graduates obtained entry-level position, title and description of position, and areas of high school specialization; number and titles of job-entry positions, average annual openings for such positions, and projected future needs of agricultural businesses in the geographical area; and competencies required for job entry-level positions. Two instruments were developed to sample 1,198 one-, two-and three-year graduates of 35 Pennsylvania high schools (to provide five samples of each of seven instructional areas of vocational agriculture) and 31 agricult ral businesses. The end product was an eight-stage job opportunity planning model: (1) survey graduates; (2) determine miles to first job, graduates' programs, graduates' first job; (3) survey employers in area including at least 80% of the graduates; (4) determine labor and student occupational needs; (5) determine skills and skill levels needed for meaningful jobs in industry; (6) match skills with courses and course requirements; (7) teach students skills and competencies; (8) place students in jobs. Information was also obtained regarding graduates' employment history, methods used to secure entry-level employment, and adequacy of vocational training. (Instruments are appended.) (YLB)

This study assesses administrative changes in Massachusetts that shifted the responsibility for childcare subsidy-eligibility reassessments from regional Child Care Resource and Referral agencies to locally contracted childcare providers. The study applies a mixed-methods approach, using (1) state administrative data to examine the association between the administrative changes and children's stability of subsidy receipt and (2) qualitative methods to illustrate the potential explanatory factors generating observed associations. We find a positive relationship between the administrative changes and subsidy stability overall but also substantial regional variation, which can be explained in part by policy-and organization-level variation identified in our qualitative research. Findings of the study highlight the importance of considering multilevel factors when designing, implementing, and evaluating changes in social service delivery practices and point to the need for a mixed-methods approach to evaluate such changes. The childcare subsidy program, primarily funded by the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), aims to support work among low-income families by offsetting high costs of nonparental child care and improve low-income parents' access to high-quality care that supports positive child development. Evidence shows that use of childcare subsidies is positively associated with employment outcomes (Blau and Tekin 2007; Tekin 2007; Ha and Miller 2015) and use of formal and center-based care (Magnuson,

This study assesses administrative changes in Massachusetts that shifted the responsibility for childcare subsidy-eligibility reassessments from regional Child Care Resource and Referral agencies to locally contracted childcare providers. The study applies a mixed-methods approach, using (1) state administrative data to examine the association between the administrative changes and children's stability of subsidy receipt and (2) qualitative methods to illustrate the potential explanatory factors generating observed associations. We find a positive relationship between the administrative changes and subsidy stability overall but also substantial regional variation, which can be explained in part by policy-and organization-level variation identified in our qualitative research. Findings of the study highlight the importance of considering multilevel factors when designing, implementing, and evaluating changes in social service delivery practices and point to the need for a mixed-methods approach to evaluate such changes. The childcare subsidy program, primarily funded by the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), aims to support work among low-income families by offsetting high costs of nonparental child care and improve low-income parents' access to high-quality care that supports positive child development. Evidence shows that use of childcare subsidies is positively associated with employment outcomes (Blau and Tekin 2007; Tekin 2007; Ha and Miller 2015) and use of formal and center-based care (Magnuson,

Social inclus ion is a c entral go al of th e UK New Labour Gove rnm ent, which it is aiming to achieve pa rtly through neighbou rhood int er ven tions. This ar ticle ar gues that ac hieving soc ial inc lusion requ ire s a c omb ination of New Labou r policies for d emoc ratic re newa l a nd tackling so cial exclus ion and it ide ntifies four dimens ion s along which a ctivity tow ards social inc lusion can be judged. The ar ticle dr aw s on e vidence fro m one E nglish city to highlight the contribution o f neighbou rhood policies a nd pr ogra mmes to s ocial inclus ion. It considers the stre ngth s and limitations of thre e app roaches a nd conc ludes that to ach ieve socia l inclus ion the c olle ctive cap acity of the thre e ap proa ches is ess ential. How ever, close r exa mination of the Governmen t's pr oposa ls sugges ts seve ral obs tacles to ach ieving their comb ined potential. A p articular obs tac le is the ma rginalization of local gov e rnm ent and its unique c ontribution and the a rticle con c ludes that withou t this New La bour is will fail to de liv er on a k ey com ponent of soc ial inclusion.

This paper focuses on the international research-action activities conducted by a team from the University of Bologna, Italy, and on a methodological approach applied to the city, understood as heritage and common good. The premise establishes Cultural Heritage as the main field of research-action, which is not intended as a static presence in the city, but, at best, should be constantly updated with the actions of transformation of the city. The cultural model is based on a continuous effort to recognize the city and its transformations as heritage, combining conservation and innovation in a seamless stream and permanently involving not only heritage specialists but also all actors that are involved in urban transformation, with varying degrees of responsibility and awareness. Two cities are considered as references and compared with each other to study and test this approach: Bogotá and Bologna, with, respectively, two important historical areas, Carrera Séptima and Zamboni district. The focus is on the role that the cultural heritage, material and immaterial plays in the current urban landscape and on its potential to be a driver for regeneration in the degraded urban fabric. Both areas have been crucial to urban development and to the expression of social needs by the population, becoming a symbol of collective identity, for better or worse. Since the first half of the 20th century, Bogotá has experienced an exponential urban growth process, triggering wearing dynamics that have compromised the urban architectural heritage preservation of the city and led to progressive historical city center deterioration. Bologna district, on the other hand, hosts the oldest university in the western part of the world, and having such a strong function in a compact city center reality has caused coexistence and social problems, as well as integration needs, among the different users. The two historical realities are studied using a comparative methodology, one as a typical European city and the other as a Latin American megalopolis. In this light, the term "street" is not limited to the description of the physical space, but is associated with the whole system of connections and influences that they exert on their own area.

Acting as an intermediary among interested religious organizations to form an Interfaith Council enables more collaborative faith-based community development. Interfaith Council Jimmy Carter Boulevard and Gwinnett County are transitioning in ways that have already begun to shape their culture. Their urban form has not kept pace with these changes, and currently does not fully serve all uses or users. 01 Offering alternative access to the commercial buildings adjacent to Jimmy Carter Boulevard alleviates congestion, facilitates interparcel connectivity, and offers a safe, pleasant experience for pedestrians. Alternative Streets Reimagining the Walmart Property Highlighting the Gateway to Best Friends Park Identity and Culture: Synthesis 05 01 | Access and Street Network The Jimmy Carter Boulevard Corridor's land use map (left) shows a high concentration of business, commercial and industrial buildings along the Boulevard. Most of these buildings attract many visitors, the majority of which are motorists. Parking lot sizes are designed to host a large number of vehicles. Access to business and commercial buildings is achieved directly from the Boulevard with singular access to every building. With such land use patterns common throughout the Jimmy Carter Boulevard Corridor and considering the highly congested nature of area roads, this redundant access might adversely affect the quality of experience for both motorists and pedestrians on the Boulevard. Therefore, we recommend thinking about shifting access to side streets to address issues of congestion, access, pedestrian safety, and interparcel connectivity.

Even the brief treatments, however, reveal important patterns in the cases. For one thing, one should not overemphasize endogenous growth. Not that Stimson and Stough are guilty of doing that. They show that many of the places they describe benefited from exogenous stimuli, including massive amounts of capital from higher level governments and venture capital from outside. In Newcastle, "a development corporation was imposed by the state government of New South Wales" (p. 112, emphasis added). Universities and research institutes-new, or upgraded-of course played crucial roles over and over again, but one can be sure the decisions to establish, upgrade, and locate them were not often purely local decisions. Hong Kong's success obviously depended on policies of the Chinese government after the reunion with China. That a city has a Train à Grande Vitesse (high-speed train) station is not solely its own doing. However, local officials in Lille had the foresight to lobby hard for it! For another thing, one is impressed by how important is physical capital-not to be forgotten in all the attention to learning, skills, and ideas in the endogenous growth literature. Many of the city regions studied had extensive redevelopment, in the real estate sense of the word. Stimson and Stough's book would be useful in advanced seminars in which the goal is to elicit skepticism and wide-ranging discussion. Overall, however, I feel the slender book is too slender, and it would be more useful had the authors expanded it to include more connections with planning theory and social capital theory, and more detailed case studies.

Including teens&#39; needs in the planning and maintenance of urban space suggests new methods of layering utility and maximizing benefit to teens and community. Discusses the Berkeley Youth Alternatives (BYA) Youth Employment Landscape Program and BYA Community Garden Patch. Program descriptions and evaluation provide future direction. (LZ)

This case study considers the impact that a participatory design workshop ‘Connected Communities’ has had on developing design briefs with architecture students and local members of the communities for which the designs are proposed. The case study provides a detailed analysis of the workshop covering design methods such as walking and talking, ‘drawing out’ and representing proposals for public review. The case study claims that introducing architecture students to co-design within their first few years of study raises their awareness of social responsibility and challenges their expectations of the role of the user and the architect in design development

Universities increasingly promote community engagement that involves students. However, very little has been done to evaluate student-community engagement (SCE) for their impact on “the community.” This research innovatively juxtaposes literature on the evaluation of planning and public policy with three different instances of SCE to explore the scope and nature of such impact evaluation within the context of planning education. Results suggest considerable potential of a naturalistic, ongoing, and integrated evaluation approach for and with communities in planning-related SCEs and, by extension, as a practical theory for evaluation design in community planning itself.

It is crucial to evaluate the architectural production processes through the concept of participation because the thoughts and comments that emerge as a result of the evaluation will contribute to the current architectural environment. Since 1960s the integrity of theory, research, and practice that has been put forward combined with user-oriented architectural movements, has enabled new developments and potentials. For this reason, it is necessary to observe and evaluate user-oriented studies that aim to establish the integrity of theory, research and practice to unfold the results in all their complexity. The outputs of the research can serve as a reference for targeted polyphonic architectural production processes in the future. The proposed method makes these interaction networks visible, applying them to participatory architecture processes. In this way, today's design tools have the potential to involve participants in the process. The present study proposes the hypothesis that these potentialities can be demonstrated by observing, evaluating, re-discussing, and interpreting previous studies. The article seeks to evaluate the relationship between users' participation in architectural processes and the network of actors-stakeholders who take part in participatory approaches. The concept of participatory architecture is vital for future experiences of architecture in order to revive the development of architectural practice in Turkey. Therefore, to provide a guideline model for architects and researchers engaging in participatory architecture processes. The study's goals are: (1) clarifying the reasons of area defense with solidarity and evaluating the level of participation in architectural practice, (2) examining stakeholder typology assessments, and (3) observation participation techniques and tactics in processes. This research includes descriptive analysis of the Kuzguncuk Bostan Recovery and Protection Project as a case study and qualitative analysis examining participatory processes with the multi-dimensional model (EMParArc). Through this multi-dimensional model, this article emphasizes an alternative framework for the assessment of architectural participation methods in holistic processes that provide inclusive spaces in particular needers in Turkey and other non-develop and developing countries.

Part of the Striving for Excellence program of the Utah State Library requires participating public libraries to conduct community needs assessments. This is a way for library Jirectors and trustees to find out if the mission they have chosen and the policies they have written are still appropriate as they identify the strengths and weaknesses of their programs. The assessment plans detailed in this booklet are designed for small and rural libraries. A first step is preparing a community profile, and a worksheet is provided for this purpose. Two possibilities for needs assessment are a forum to focus on needs and interests of community leadership and a needs assessment survey. However the information is collected, library trustees must then analyze the findings and prepare a library development plan, summarizing the goals and objectives from the previous year as well as those for the coming year, and establishing a 6-month plan toward achieving the assessment. An appendix contains a sample survey and a brief bibliography. (Contains 7 references.) (SLD)

Part of the Striving for Excellence program of the Utah State Library requires participating public libraries to conduct community needs assessments. This is a way for library Jirectors and trustees to find out if the mission they have chosen and the policies they have written are still appropriate as they identify the strengths and weaknesses of their programs. The assessment plans detailed in this booklet are designed for small and rural libraries. A first step is preparing a community profile, and a worksheet is provided for this purpose. Two possibilities for needs assessment are a forum to focus on needs and interests of community leadership and a needs assessment survey. However the information is collected, library trustees must then analyze the findings and prepare a library development plan, summarizing the goals and objectives from the previous year as well as those for the coming year, and establishing a 6-month plan toward achieving the assessment. An appendix contains a sample survey and a brief bibliography. (Contains 7 references.) (SLD)

After its official constitution in December 2016, the landscape Observatory of Finland has been operating in diverse ways to support the implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Finland. The Observatory promotes research, discussion, participation and actions on landscape issues. A central principle is that any Finnish territory, rural or urban, local or regional, whether outstanding, ordinary or damaged, has an associated landscape that deserves study, management and planning. Furthermore, those landscapes can become assets for future sustainable development and wellbeing.